REGISTRATION-BASED RANGE-DEPENDENCE COMPENSATION METHOD FOR CONFORMAL-ARRAY STAP

药品非临床研究质量管理规范英文版来源：本站原创更新：2008-7-24 医学英语论坛SDA: Drug Good Laboratory Practices (Transitional)SDA Regulation; Order No.14; Effective Date: 1999-11-01; Repeal Date: 2003-09-01 (Promulgated by Order No. 14 of the State Drug Administration on October 14, 1999, effective as of November 1, 1999,and abolished on September 1, 2003)Chapter Ⅰ-General ProvisionsArticle 1 The provisions are established for improving the quality of non-clinical laboratory studies on new drugs, for assuring the truthfulness, integrity and reliability of experimental data, and for ensuring drug safety for human use pursuant to the stipulations of the Drug Control Law of the People's Republic of China.Article 2 The provisions shall be adapted to non-clinical laboratory studies for applications of drug registration. All non-clinical research organizations shall follow the provisions.Article 3 The terms used in the provisions are defined as follows:1.Non-clinical laboratory study means any toxicity experiments performed under laboratory conditions to evaluate the safety of new drugs, including studies of single dose toxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproduction toxicity, mutagenic action, carcinogenecity, irritation, dependence and others.2.Non-clinical research organization means the facility which conducts non-clinical laboratory studies of new drugs, including safety research centers, safety research institutes, research laboratories or teams for safety studies, etc.3.Test system means animals, plants, microorganisms or cells used to conduct toxicity studies.4.Quality assurance unit means any unit in non-clinical research organizations that is designed to assure that the study is in compliance with the provisions.5.Study director means the person who is responsible for the overall conduction of a certain study project.6.Test article means any drug or substance to be developed into a drug used to conduct a non-clinical laboratory study.7.Control/reference article means any drug or any other product used in non-clinical laboratory studies for the purpose of establishing a basis for comparison with the test article.8.Raw data mean any materials and original documents or records which record the original research observations, including worksheets, notes, photographs, microfiche or microfilm copies, microcopies, computer printouts, magnetic media, recorded data from automated instruments, etc.9.Specimen means any materials derived from a test system for analysis and examination.10. Sponsor means the unit which commissions the non-clinical research organization to conduct the non-clinical laboratory studies for the test article.11. Batch number means a distinctive combination of numbers and/or letters which can be used to trace and review the production history of the batch of the test or control articles.Chapter Ⅱ-Organization and PersonnelArticle 4 Non-clinical research organizations shall be in compliance with the provisions to establish a well-organized management system. It shall be staffed with a responsible person of the organization, a responsible person of the quality assurance unit and other corresponding personnel, and they shall be managed in accordance with their corresponding responsibilities.Article 5 Personnel of non-clinical research organization shall meet the following qualifications: 1.having prudent scientific style, good professional morality and appropriate education and knowledge, receiving professional training, and possessing job experience and capabilities needed for their assignments;2.familiarizing with the fundamentals of the provisions, strictly performing their assigned duties, skillfully mastering and strictly implementing the Standard Operation Procedures involved in the assignments;3.making records accurately, clearly and on time, and reporting to the study director in written form on anything happening in the experiment that may adversely affect the experimental results;4.dressing according to the needs of their work posts, conforming to requirements of personal sanitation and taking health precautions to avoid the contamination of test and control articles and test systems; and5.taking periodical health examination. Those who are found to have an illness that may adversely affect the reliability of the study shall be excluded from the study.Article 6 The responsible person of the non-clinical research organization shall possess a bachelor or a higher degree on medical, pharmaceutical or other relative specialities. Correspondingly professional qualification and abilities are also required. The responsibilities are as follows:1.taking overall responsibilities and implementing the establishment and organization management of the non-clinical research organization;2.establishing and maintaining current records of education, professional training and job experience for each individual engaged in the non-clinical laboratory studies;3.ensuring that there are various facilities, equipment and experimental conditions in compliance with the provisions;4.ensuring that there are an adequate number of qualified personnel with clear responsibilities and duties and that all of them carry out their work according to the requirements of the provisions;5.designating a responsible person for the Quality Assurance Unit and ensuring that he or she completes the responsibility defined in the provisions;6.making master schedule sheet and monitoring the progress in various studies;anizing the establishment and revision of the Standard Operation Procedures and monitoring the personnel to implement the Standard Operation Procedures involved in their assignments;8.designating a study director before the beginning of each study project. When anyone of them is to be changed, the reasons for and the date of the change shall be recorded;9.reviewing and approving protocols and final reports;10. timely dealing with the reports from the Quality Assurance Unit and recording in detail the measures taken;11. ensuring that the quality and the stability of the test and control articles meet the specification; and12. signing a written contract with the cooperator or the sponsor.Article 7 Non-clinical research organizations shall establish an independent quality assurance unit, the number of personnel of which depends on the size of the research organization. The purpose of the establishment is to assure that the facilities, equipment and management system of the research organization are in compliance with the provisions. The responsibilities of the Quality Assurance Unit are:1. keeping the duplicate of the master schedule sheets, protocols and final reports of the non-clinical research organization;2. reviewing the protocols, experimental records and final reports according to the provisions;3. inspecting and supervising every study project and making a plan for reviewing and inspection based on the study project and its duration. Recording in detail inspection, problems existing and measures taken, signing the name and keeping the records for reviewing;4. inspecting periodically the animal care facilities, experimental instruments and the management of the archives;5. reporting the problems found during the inspection to the responsible person of the organization and the study director on time, proposing suggestions for solving them and writing down an inspection report; and6. taking part in the establishment of Standard Operation Procedures and keeping a duplicate of the Standard Operation Procedures.Article 8 A study director shall be designated in each study project, whose responsibilities are as follows:1. taking whole responsibilities of the routine operations of the study project;2. preparing the protocols, proposing the revision or addition of the corresponding Standard Operation Procedures, analyzing the study results and drafting the final reports;3. complying strictly with the protocols. Any changes shall be approved by the responsible person of the organization;4.assuring that the personnel engaged in the study understand clearly the assignments undertaken and have a good command of the corresponding Standard Operation Procedures;5.monitoring the progress of the study project and inspecting the various experimental records to assure them to be accurate, direct, clear, and on time;6.recording in detail the unforeseen cases during the experiment and the measurements taken for remedy;7.sending the protocols, raw data, specimens which shall be kept, corresponding documentation records and final reports to the archives room after the completion of the experiment; and8.assuring that each step of the study project is in compliance with the requirements of the provisions.Chapter Ⅲ-Laboratory FacilitiesArticle 9 Non-clinical research organizations shall establish corresponding experimental facilities in accordance with the requirements of the provisions and the study project.All kinds of laboratory facilities shall be kept clean and sanitary, and laid out in a rational way to avoid cross contamination. The environmental conditions shall be monitored as needed.Article 10 Non-clinical research organizations shall have animal care facilities designed rationally and allocated suitably. The environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, air cleanness, ventilation, lighting, etc. shall be controlled according to the needs. Animal care facilities mainly include the following:1.the animal care and management facilities for different genus and species of animals or test systems;2.the facilities for quarantine of animals and for isolation and treatment of diseased animals;3.the facilities for collection and disposal of wastes;4.the facilities for cleaning and disinfection; and5.the corresponding animal care and management facilities that shall be established when test or control articles contain volatile substance, radioactive materials, biohazardous materials, etc.Article 11 Non-clinical research organizations shall have storage facilities for feeds, bedding materials, cages and other articles for animal use. Allocation of various facilities shall be rational, preventing contamination with test system. Proper measures shall be taken for easily decayed and deteriorated articles for animal use.Article 12 Non-clinical research organizations shall have the facilities for handling test andcontrol articles:1.facilities for receipt and storage of the test and control articles; and2.facilities for preparing and storing test and control articles.Article 13 Non-clinical research organizations shall establish corresponding laboratories in accordance with the needs. Specialized laboratories shall be established if biohazardous materials, microorganisms, etc. are handled and used.Article 14 Non-clinical research organizations shall have facilities for storing protocols, specimens, raw data, final reports, relative documentation and records.Article 15 Non-clinical research organizations shall establish facilities for environmental monitoring and control.Chapter Ⅳ-Instruments, Equipment and Experimental SuppliesArticle 16 Non-clinical research organizations shall be provided with the corresponding instruments and equipment according to the study needs. The instruments and equipment shall be suitably located and managed by the authorized person. To assure the stable and reliable performance of instruments and equipment, they shall be inspected, cleaned, maintained, tested and calibrated periodically.The Standard Operation Procedures, indicating the use, the maintenance and calibration of the instruments and equipment shall be provided in the laboratories where the equipment and instruments are placed. The date, the use and the operator's name on operating, inspecting, testing, calibrating and repairing shall be recorded in detail.Article 17 Management of the test and control articles of non-clinical research organizations shall be in compliance with the following requirements:1.The test and control articles of experiments shall be managed by the authorized person and shall be received, registered and distributed according to the procedures. The batch number, stability, content or concentration, purity and other chemical characteristics shall be accurately recorded. In cases where marketed products are used as control articles, such products can be characterized by their labeling or other indications to replace the laboratory analyses.2.The test and control articles shall be stored under suitable conditions. The container storing test or control articles shall be labeled to indicate the name, abbreviation name, code number, batch number, expiry date, and storage conditions.3.Contamination or deterioration shall be avoided during the distribution of the test and control articles. The test and control articles distributed shall be accurately labeled on time. Documentation shall be made for the date and quantity distributed and returned for each batch.4.The uniformity of the mixture shall be determined before administration for each test or control article that is necessary to be mixed with a certain medium. The concentration and stability of the test or control article in the mixture shall also be determined periodically, if necessary. When anyone of the components of the mixture has an expiry date, the date shall be clearly shown on the container. If more than one component have expiry date, the earliest expiry date shall be taken as criterion.医.学全在.线,提供ww w.m ed126.co mArticle 18 The reagents and solutions in laboratories shall be labeled to indicate the name, concentration, storage conditions, preparation date, expiry date, etc. The deteriorated or outdated reagents or solutions shall not be used in the experiments.Article 19 Qualified test animals and feeds shall be selected and adopted. Animal care and management shall be conducted according to the requirements of relevant national regulations concerning test animals.Research results shall not be adversely affected by the use of detergents, disinfectants, pesticides, etc. in animal care room and the name, concentration, method used, date, etc. shall be recorded in detail.The animal feeds and drinking water shall be periodically analyzed to ensure that they comply with the nutrition standards and that the contamination adversely affecting the research results shall be less than the limit specified. The analytical results shall be kept as raw data.Chapter Ⅴ-Standard Operation ProceduresArticle 20 Non-clinical research organizations shall establish Standard Operation Procedures suitable for all experiments as well as guidelines for editing and managing Standard Operation Procedures. Standard Operation Procedures shall include the following:1.receipt, labeling, storage, handling, preparing, ordering, sampling and analyzing of test and control articles;2.animal room and laboratory preparation as well as environmental monitoring and controlling;3.maintenance, repair, calibration, use and management of experimental facilities, instruments and equipment;4.operation and management of computer system;5.transfer, quarantine, numbering and care of test animals;6.observation records and experimental operations of test animals;7.operational techniques, such as collection of test samples, examination, determination of various indexes, etc.;8.examination and handling of animals found to be moribund or dead during study;9.necropsy of animals as well as histopathological examination;10. collection, numbering and examination of experimental specimens;11. the treatment of various experimental data;12. health examination system of personnel;13. edition and management of Standard Operation Procedures; and14. other Standard Operation Procedures which are considered necessary by non-clinical research organizations.Article 21 Standard Operation Procedures shall not be valid until signed and confirmed by the Quality Assurance Unit and approved by the responsible person of research organization. Invalid Standard Operation Procedures shall be destroyed on time except one copy kept.The establishment, revision, valid date as well as distribution and destroying of Standard Operation Procedures shall be recorded and the records shall be well maintained.Standard Operation Procedures shall be stored in the way to assure their convenient use. Any deviations of Standard Operation Procedures shall be approved by the study director and recorded in the raw data. Any significant changes in Standard Operation Procedures shall be confirmed by Quality Assurance Unit and approved by the responsible person of research organization in written form.Chapter Ⅵ-Study ImplementationArticle 22 Non-clinical research organization shall designate a title or code number for each study project and indicate it uniformly in the documentation and experimental records concerned. Specimens collected from experiment shall be identified by study project title or code number, animal number and collection date.Article 23 A written protocol shall be prepared and signed by study director. The protocol shall not be implemented until reviewed by the Quality Assurance Unit and approved by the responsible person of non-clinical research organization. The approval date is defined as the initiation date of experiments. If non-clinical study project is commissioned, the protocol shall be also approved by the sponsor.Article 24 The protocol shall contain the following:1.title or code number of the study project and its purpose;2.the name and address of non-clinical research organization and sponsor;3.the name of study director and researchers engaged in the study;4.the name, abbreviation name, code number, batch number, related physicochemical properties and biological characteristics of the test and control articles;5.justification for selection of the test system;6.the species, strain, number, age, sex, body weight range, source of supply and grade of the test animals;7.the method of identification of test animals;8.the environmental conditions for caring test animals;9.the name and code number of the feeds;10. solvents, emulsifiers and other media used in the studies;11. the route, method, dosage level, frequency and duration of administration of test and control articles as well as the reason for the choice;12. the title of guideline used in toxicity studies;13. the frequency and method of tests, analyses and measurements;14. statistical methods; and15. the location where all experimental data are to be stored.Article 25 If the protocol is necessary to be amended during the study, the amendment shall be reviewed by the Quality Assurance Unit and approved by the responsible person of research organization. The amendments, reasons and date thereof shall be recorded and kept together with the original protocol.Article 26 Study director is responsible for the overall conduction of the study. Personnel engaged in the experiment shall carry out the protocol strictly in compliance with the corresponding Standard Operation Procedures and report on time any abnormalities found during the experiment to the study director.Article 27 All data shall be recorded directly, accurately, legibly, indelibly and on time and shall be dated and signed by the recorder. If any record is to be corrected, the original record shall be legible and the reason for and date of the correction shall be noted, and the records shall be signed by the corrector.Article 28 If animals display diseases caused by the factors rather than test articles or abnormalities interfering the research purpose, the animals shall be isolated and quarantined immediately. If the animals are to be treated with drugs, the treatment shall be approved by the study director, and the reasons, approval procedures, examination, drug prescription, date, result, etc. shall be recorded in detail. The treatment shall not interfere with the research.Article 29 Study director shall prepare a final report and sign it on time after the completion of the study. The final report shall be reviewed by the Quality Assurance Unit and approved by the responsible person of the non-clinical research organization. The approval date is defined as the completion date of the study.Article 30 The final report shall contain the following:1.the title or code number of the study project and its purpose;2.the name and address of non-clinical research organization and sponsor;3.the date of initiation and completion of the study;4.the name, abbreviation name, code number, batch number, stability, content, concentration, purity, components and other characteristics of the test and control articles;5.the species, strain, number, age, sex, body weight range, source of supply, certificate number, certification agency, date of receipt and housing conditions of test animals;6.the route, dosage, method, frequency and duration of administration of the test and control articles;7.justification of dosage levels of the test and control articles;8.the abnormalities that may have affected the reliability of the study and caused the deviation from the protocol;9.the frequency and method of tests, analyses and measurements;10. the names and post assignments of the study director and all researchers;11. statistical methods;12. study results and conclusion; and13. the locations where all raw data and specimens are stored.Article 31 After the final report is signed by the responsible person of non-clinical research organization, if there are corrections or additions to the final report, the parts corrected or added, the date and reasons thereof shall be explained in detail by the responsible person concerned. Such correction or additions shall be confirmed by the study director, reviewed by the Quality Assurance Unit, and approved by the responsible person of non-clinical research organization.Chapter Ⅶ-Data and ArchivesArticle 32 Original protocols, specimens, raw data, records, final reports, documentation concerned with the experiment, inspection report of Quality Assurance Unit, etc. shall be ordered by the study director according to requirements of Standard Operation Procedures and handed to the archives room after completion of the study. They shall be numbered and stored according to Standard Operation Procedures.When the study project is withdrawn or ceased, the study director shall explain the reason in written form and then put in order and keep all the data specified in articles mentioned above in the archives.医学全在线www.med126.c omArticle 33 Archives room shall be under the charge of the authorized persons and shall be managed according to the requirements of Standard Operation Procedures.The retention period of the protocols, specimens, raw data and documentation records, final report and other archives shall last at least 5 years since the drug marketing.Wet specimens, the characteristics of which are liable to be changed, such as tissues, organs, electron microscopic specimens, blood smear, specimens from reproduction toxicity study, etc. shall be retained only as long as the quality of the preparation affords evaluation.Chapter Ⅷ-Supervision, Inspection and CertificationArticle 34 The State Drug Administration is responsible for supervision, inspection and certification of non-clinical research organizations.Article 35 All non-clinical research organizations applying for drug registration in the People's Republic of China shall be regulated under the supervision, inspection and certification. Chapter Ⅸ-Supplementary ProvisionsArticle 36 The State Drug Administration is responsible for explanation of the provisions.Article 37 The provisions shall enter into force on November 1, 1999.。

一种新的角度多普勒补偿方法冯为可;张永顺;张丹【摘要】In a non‐side looking airborne radar system , the clutter of different range cells is not independently and identically distributed , which is caused by the severe clutter range‐dependence . The clutter range‐dependence can be compensated by the angle Doppler compensation ( ADC) method simply and quickly . Although the ADC is widely applied , the compensation performance of the ADC is affected by the system error significantly because of the mismatch between Doppler frequency and spatial frequency . In this paper , a novel method to compensate the clutter range‐dependence , namely ADC using sparse recovery ( SR‐ADC) , is proposed . Firstly , the clutter spectral distribution estimation of the test cell and training cells are obtained by using sparse recovery . Then , the spatial frequencies and Doppler frequencies of the clutter spectrum center are determined . Finally , transform matrixes of different training cells are designed so that the clutter of training cells could be nearly stationary with respect to that of the test cell . Compared with the traditional angle Doppler compensation method , the proposed method improves greatly the compensation performance , especially that of main‐lobe clutter . In addition , this method can also achieve good performance when the system error exists .%由于机载非正侧雷达杂波空时耦合关系存在严重的距离依赖性，故训练样本单元与待测单元的杂波不服从独立同分布。

社会保障制度: Social security system社会保障体系: Social security system商业保险：Commercial insurance慈善事业：Charity补充保障：Supplemental Security养老保险: Old age insurance社会排斥：Social exclusion社会对抗: Social resistance医疗保障: Health security医疗卫生：Medical treatment and public health医疗保险: Health insurance公费医疗: Public medical services社会救助: Social assistance社会福利: Social welfare services社会服务: Social services失业保险: Unemployment insurance工伤保险: Work injury insurance生育保险：Maternity insurance军人保障：Military personnel security军人保险: Military personnel insurance军人抚恤: Military Personnel preferential treatment军人安置: Military Personnel placement老年人福利：Welfare for the elderly残疾人福利：welfare for the disabled妇女福利：Women welfare儿童福利：Child welfare职业福利：Occupational welfare其他保障：Other security专项救助：Special Assistance社会救济：Social relief护理保险：Long-term care insurance社会保险项目: Social insurance programs 住房福利：Housing welfare services住房公积金：Housing provident fund教育福利: Education welfare services灾害救济：Disaster relief最低生活保障制度：The minimum living standard guarantee system社会统筹：Social pooling 个人账户：Individual accounts单位：Work unit机关：State organs事业单位：Public institutions企业：enterprise五保(供养)制度: The five guarantees system国家—单位保障制：State-work unit security system国家-社会保障制：State-social security system国有企业改革: the reform of state-owned enterprises覆盖面：Coverage劳动合同制度: Labor contract system市场经济体制: The market economy system待业保险: Job-waiting subsidy计划经济: The planned economy分配: Distribution收入分配: Income distribution劳资双方: employee and employer改革开放: Reform and opening-up经济社会转型期: Economic and social transition period下岗：Lay-off下岗职工: Laid-off workers社会化：Socialization多元化：Diversification合同制工人: Contract workers离退休人员：Retirees农民工: Migrant workers城镇户口: Urban hukou公益事业：Public welfare programs文化大革命: Cultural Revolution扶贫开发poverty alleviation and development传统社会救济traditional social relief灾害救助disaster assistance医疗救助medical assistance教育救助education assistance住房救助housing assistance法律援助lawsuit assistance贫困线poverty line贫困陷阱poverty trap流浪乞讨人员救助assistance for vagrants and beggars in cities福利依赖welfare dependency安全网safety net三无人员Three-No’s包办就业arranged employment格局framework铁饭碗permanent employment自由流动权The rights of free flow队办企业Brigade-owned enterprises转移transfer试点pilot机构改革institutional reform政府代表government representatives企业代表employers’ representatives职工代表employees＇representatives 社会机构Social institutions统筹调剂pooling and co-coordinating保值增值Value maintenance and appreciation非主管部门department-not-in-charge主管部门department-in-charge定型stereotypes户籍制度the household registration system进城务工人员inter-provincial migrants人均纯收入net income per capita民生People's livelihood修正案the revised ordinance国家机关government organizations事业单位public institutions劳动保险制度the labor insurance system 财政拨款financial allocation生产收益Production Gain孤寡老人an elderly person of no family农业生产合作社agricultural production cooperation 五保“five guarantees”军官military officer集体经济the collective economy“文化大革命” “cultural revolution”老化aging终身制life-long tenure国营企业state-owned enterprise劳动保险金Labor insurance funds社会事务Social Affairs内部事务internal affairs阶级斗争class struggle思想路线指导the ideological guideline年老体弱Old and frail离休honorary retirement政策法规Policies and Regulations城镇劳动者urban workers土地联产c承包责任制the land contract responsibility system组织基础Organizational foundation配套措施supplementary measures劳动就业体制labor employment system 财政税收体制fiscal and taxation system 社会化socialization铁饭碗permanent employment局限性limitation单位保障work unit insurance责任分担responsibility-sharing单一层次Single-Level计划生育政策family planning policy土地保障land security计划生育政策family planning policy社会保险机构Social security institution标准工资standard wage退休待遇retirement benefits大队brigade生产队production team公益金public welfare fund社区（乡镇、村）Community (township and village)县级机构county-level organization中央层面the central level附件attachment探索试点the exploratory pilot计发办法payment method一次性lump-sum老人the people retired before the reform 中人the people worked before the reform and retired after the reform.新人the people worked after the reform 试点方案Pilot Project省级调剂制度Provincial adjustment system 属地化localization职业年金制度occupational pension system亚洲金融危机Asian Financial Crisis管理事务administration affairs养老金增长机制pension growth mechanism制度创新institutional innovations资料来源date source农业生产经营Agricultural production and operation漏洞巨大great vulnerability劳动合同制度the labor contrast system 正规就业劳动者formally employed workers 非正规就业劳动者informally employed workers灵活就业casual employment自我雇佣self-employment私营企业主private entrepreneurs雇员制employee system住房保障制度Housing security system民生保障制度Livelihood security system 住有所居residents have houses to live低收入家庭/低收入群体Low-income families/groups住房体制改革Housing System Reform道路Gradual path实物in-kind全民保障Security for all people住房非商品化Non-commercial housing分配体制Distribution system 公有住房public housing购房补贴housing subsidies货币cash经济适用房affordable house商品房commercial house公积金制度Housing Provident Fund system廉租房Low-rent house小康生活水平Comfortable standard of living住房券Housing vouchers/coupons经济体制改革Economic system reform社会主义有计划商品经济Socialist planned commodity economy无偿分配Free distribution再生产reproduction维修费、管理费、折旧费Maintenance fees, management fees, depreciation charges 基本思路Basic ideas住房建设投资housing construction Investment住房分配体housing distribution system国家贷款资金State loan城市配套资金City supplemental funds城市住房基金Urban Housing Fund单位住房基金work Unit housing funds其他房改资金Other housing reform funds 高收入户High-income households利润率profit rate住房公积金缴纳率Housing provident fund contribution rate按月补贴Monthly subsidy一次性补贴Lump-sum subsidy明补Public subsidies社会的安定团结social stability and unity财政预算资金the fiscal budget funds多渠道Multi-channel因地制宜under the local conditions行政事业性收费Administrative fees基础设施建设费用Infrastructure costs房地产市场the real estate market硬指标Fixed target社会建设Social construction民生发展目标Livelihood development goals农民工合法权益the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers完全产权the full property rights缴存余额Deposit balance三位一体Trinity政府主导的公共房屋Government-led public houses市场主导的商品房屋Market-led commercial houses市场规律the market rules公共土地资源the public land resources, 财政资源the financial resources补充保障体系the supplementary security system渐进式改革gradual reform子系统subsystem民政福利Civil Welfare职工福利employee welfare价格补贴price support(subsidy)生活保障living security儿童照顾child-care补救性模式Residual model住房福利housing welfare教育福利education welfare社会福利事业social welfare cause人民团体people's organizations老弱、病残、孤寡成员the elderly, sick, widows and orphans优待: preferential treatments义务兵役制: compulsory military service system 老年人抚养比old-age Dependency Ratio 文化福利cultural welfare农村集体经济rural collective economy土地承包责任制household contract responsibility system劳保labour protection利益共同体interests-shared Community 路径依赖Path－Dependence企业年金enterprise Annuity商业保险Commercial Insurance退休养老金待遇Treatment of pensions基本养老保险制度Basic old-age insurance system职业福利Occupational Welfare企业补充养老保险Enterprise Supplementary old-age insurance非营利性的事业单位Non-profit public institutions社会统筹和个人账户相结合combination of Social pooling and individual accounts 完全积累Fully funded法人受托机构Corporate trustee账户管理人Account Manager托管人Custodian委托代理Commissioned agent企业所得税Corporate Income Tax等价交换原则The principle of equivalent exchange费率payment Rates保险条款Insurance Terms企业财产保险Enterprise Property Insurance集体所有制企业Collectively-owned enterprises固定资产Fixed assets 赔付率Loss ratio。

2024药事管理法规教材## English.### Chapter 1: Introduction to Pharmacy Law and Ethics.1. What is the definition of pharmacy law?Pharmacy law is the body of laws and regulations that govern the practice of pharmacy. It includes laws that govern the dispensing of drugs, the operation of pharmacies, and the conduct of pharmacists.2. What is the purpose of pharmacy law?The purpose of pharmacy law is to protect the public health and safety by ensuring that drugs are dispensedsafely and effectively.3. What are the sources of pharmacy law?Pharmacy law is derived from a variety of sources, including federal and state statutes, regulations, and court decisions.4. What are the ethical principles that guide pharmacists?Pharmacists are guided by a number of ethical principles, including the following:Beneficence: The pharmacist must act in the best interests of the patient.Non-maleficence: The pharmacist must do no harm to the patient.Autonomy: The pharmacist must respect the patient's right to make decisions about their own health care.Justice: The pharmacist must treat all patients fairly and equitably.### Chapter 2: The Pharmacy Practice Act.1. What is the Pharmacy Practice Act?The Pharmacy Practice Act is a state law that governs the practice of pharmacy. It typically includes provisions that define the scope of practice of pharmacists, set forth the requirements for licensure, and establish the grounds for disciplinary action.2. What are the key provisions of the Pharmacy Practice Act?The key provisions of the Pharmacy Practice Act typically include the following:Definition of pharmacy: The Act defines pharmacy as the practice of preparing, compounding, dispensing, and distributing drugs.Scope of practice: The Act sets forth the scope of practice of pharmacists, which typically includes thefollowing activities:Dispensing drugs.Providing drug information.Compounding drugs.Administering drugs.Consulting with patients on drug therapy.Licensure requirements: The Act sets forth the requirements for licensure as a pharmacist, which typically include the following:Graduation from an accredited pharmacy school.Passing a national licensure examination.Meeting continuing education requirements.Grounds for disciplinary action: The Act sets forththe grounds for disciplinary action against pharmacists, which typically include the following:Violating the Pharmacy Practice Act.Engaging in unprofessional conduct.Committing a felony.### Chapter 3: The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.1. What is the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act(FD&C Act)?The FD&C Act is a federal law that governs the manufacture, distribution, and labeling of food, drugs, and cosmetics. It is administered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).2. What are the key provisions of the FD&C Act?The key provisions of the FD&C Act include the following:Definition of a drug: The Act defines a drug as any substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease.New drug approval process: The Act requires that all new drugs be approved by the FDA before they can be marketed. The FDA reviews the safety and effectiveness of new drugs before approving them.Labeling requirements: The Act requires that all drugs be labeled with certain information, such as the drug's name, strength, dosage, and directions for use.Prohibited acts: The Act prohibits the following acts, among others:Adulterating or misbranding drugs.Distributing unapproved drugs.Making false or misleading claims about drugs.### Chapter 4: The Controlled Substances Act.1. What is the Controlled Substances Act (CSA)?The CSA is a federal law that regulates the manufacture, distribution, and use of controlled substances. It is administered by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).2. What are the key provisions of the CSA?The key provisions of the CSA include the following:Definition of a controlled substance: The Act definesa controlled substance as any drug or other substance thatis listed in one of the five schedules of the CSA.Scheduling of controlled substances: The CSA divides controlled substances into five schedules based on their potential for abuse and dependence. Schedule I drugs havethe highest potential for abuse and dependence, while Schedule V drugs have the lowest potential for abuse and dependence.Registration requirements: The Act requires that all manufacturers, distributors, and dispensers of controlled substances be registered with the DEA.Prescribing requirements: The Act requires that all prescriptions for controlled substances be written by a licensed physician.Prohibited acts: The Act prohibits the following acts, among others:Manufacturing, distributing, or dispensing controlled substances without a license.Prescribing controlled substances for non-legitimate medical purposes.Possessing controlled substances without aprescription.### Chapter 5: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.1. What is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?HIPAA is a federal law that protects the privacy of health information. It is administered by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).2. What are the key provisions of HIPAA?The key provisions of HIPAA include the following:Privacy Rule: The Privacy Rule protects the privacy of health information by requiring covered entities to take steps to protect the confidentiality of health information.Security Rule: The Security Rule protects the security of health information by requiring covered entities toimplement security measures to protect health information from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure.Enforcement: HIPAA is enforced by HHS through a variety of mechanisms, including audits, investigations, and civil and criminal penalties.## 中文回答：### 第一章药事法律法规与职业道德概论。

Annex 2: Registration Categories and Application Information Requirements of Chemical DrugsI Registration Categories1) New chemical entity never marketed in any country.i. Drug substance and its preparations made by synthesis or semi-synthesis.ii. Chemical monomer (including drug substance and preparation) extracted from natural sources or by fermentation.iii. Optical isomer (including drug substance and preparation) obtained by chiral separation or synthesis.iv. Drug with fewer components derived from marketed multi-component drug.v. New combination products.vi. A preparation already marketed in China but with a newly added indication not yet approved in any country.2) Drug preparation with changed administration route and not marketed in any country3) Drug marketed ex-China, including:i. Drug substance and its preparations, and / or with changed dose form, but no change of administration route.ii. Combination preparations, and / or with changed dose form, but no change of administration route.iii. Preparations with changed administration route and marketed ex-China.iv. A preparation already marketed in China but with a newly added indication approved ex-China.4) Drug substance and its preparation with changed acid or alkaline radicals (or metallic elements), but without any pharmacological change, and the original drug entity already approved in China.5) Drug preparation with changed dose form, but no change of administration route, and the original preparation already approved in China,6) Drug substance or preparation following national standard.II Application Dossier ItemsA Summary1) Name of the drugs.2) Certified Documents.3) Objectives and basis for R & D.4) Summary of main study work.5) Draft of packaging insert, note to the draft, and latest literature.6) Design of packaging and labeling.B Pharmaceutical data7) Summary of Pharmaceutical Study,8) Research information and relevant literature of the production process of the drug substance, research information and relevant literature of formula and process of the preparations.9) Study information and relevant literature for the chemical structure and components determination.10) Study information and literature for quality specification.11) Draft of quality specification and notes, and providing reference standard.12) Test report of drug sample.13) The source, test report and quality specification of drug substance and excipient.14) Stability study and relevant literature.15) Selection basis and quality specification of immediate packing material and container.C Pharmacology and toxicology study information.16) Summary of pharmacology and toxicology study.17) Primary pharmacodynamics study and literature.18) General Pharmacology study and literature.19) Acute/single dose toxicity study and literature.20) Repeated dose toxicity study and literature.21) Special safety study and literature of hypersensitive (topical, systemic and photo-toxicity), hemolytic and topical irritative (blood vessel, skin, mucous membrane, and muscle) reaction related to topical and systemic use of the drugs.22) Study and relevant literature on Pharmacodynamics, toxicity and pharmacokinetics change caused by the interactions amongst multiple components in the combination products.23) Study and literature of mutagenicity test.24) Study and literature of reproductive toxicity.25) Study and literature of carcinogenicity test.26) Study and literature of drug dependence.27) Study and literature of pre-clinical pharmacokinetics.D Clinical Study Information28) Summary of global clinical study information.29) Clinical study protocol.30) Investigator’s Brochure.31) Draft of Informed Consent Form, approval of the Ethics Committee.32) Clinical study report.III Notes to Application Information Items1) Information Item 1, Name of the drugs, includes International Nonproprietary Name (INN), Chemical Name, English Name, and Chinese Phonetics. Chemical structure, Molecular Weight, Molecular Formula shall be noted. The Nomenclature of the drug should be explained for any new name.2) Information Item 2, Certified Documents, includes,i. Certified Documents of lawful registration of the Applicant, copies of Drug Manufacturing License, GMP Certificate. For the application of production of new drugs, copies of GMP Certificate for the workshop where the sample product of the drugs was manufactured should be provided.ii. Certified Documents stating patent status and ownership of this entity and formula, production process of the drug, and letter of guarantee stating that no infringement upon the patent rights of others.iii. Copies of official approvals of the research proposal of narcotics, psychotropic, medical-use toxic drugs and radioactive drugs.iv. For the application of production of new drugs, copy of Approval of Clinical Study of New Drugs and the quality standard of investigational drugs should be provided for the market authorization approval.v. For the application of production of preparation, certified documents to evidence the legal channels of drug substance should be provided, including copies of certified approval document of drug substance, drug standards, test report, business licenses of manufacturers of drug substance, Drug Manufacturing License, GMP Certificate, sales invoice, and supply contract. vi. Copies of the Drug Packing Material and Container Certificate or Import Drug Packing Material and Container Certificate for the immediate packing material and container.3) Information Item 3, objectives and basis of the application, includes R&D, marketing status, and the related literature of the drugs, as well as the summary of the use and production of the drugs, domestically and overseas,4) Information Item 4, summary and evaluation of main research results, includes the summary of main research results by the Applicant, and a comprehensive analysis of safety, efficacy, and quality controllability of the drugs of the application.5) Information Item 5, draft of insert sheet, notes to the draft and latest literature, includes the sample of draft of packaging insert sheet drafted in accordance with the relevant regulations, notes on how each items of the insert sheet were drafted, latest relevant literature.6) Information Item 7, Summary of Pharmaceutical Study, refers to the summary of experiment and global literature of Pharmaceutical Study of the drug in the application (synthesis process, selection of dosage form, screening of formula, determination of structure, quality study and determination of quality standards, and stability study).7) Information Item 8, research information of the production process of the drug substance, includes technology process and chemical reaction equation, initial raw material and organic menstruum, reaction conditions (temperature, pressure, duration, catalyst) and operation procedure, refining method and main physical-chemical constants. The raw material input, and output yield, as well as possible impurities or other by-products produced or mixed during the production process should be explained.8) Information Item 10, experiments information and literature for quality research, includes physical-chemical properties, purity inspection, dissolution, assay, and methodology validation, as well as the data and results collected at various stages.9) Information Item 11, draft of drug quality specification and notes, and reference standard shall be provided: Quality specification shall comply with the format of the current version ofChinese Pharmacopoeia, and the terminology and units of measure of Chinese Pharmacopoeia should be used. Reagents, reagent solution, buffer solution, titrant and others used and their concentration should follow the current version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In the event of a different one was used, detailed explanations should be provided. Reference standard shall be provided with separate information attached to explain the source, physical-chemical constants, purity, content, and measurement method and data of the drugs.Notes to the draft of drug standards shall include the selection of items to be controlled, selection of method, inspection and purity and limitation range, as well as the basis to decide each item.10) Information Item 12, the test report of the sample products, means the self-test report of the sample products of the drugs in the application. Self-test report for at least one batch of sample product should be provided before the clinical study. Self-test reports of the consecutive 3 batches of sample products should be provided for the market authorization approval after completion of the clinical study.11) Information item 14, experiments information and literature of the stability study of the drugs, includes stability test conducted together with the use of the immediate packing material and container.12) Information item 16, Summary of pharmacology and toxicology study, refers to the summary of experiment and global literature of pharmacology and toxicology study of the drug in the application (including pharmacodynamics, mechanism of action, general pharmacology and toxicology, and pharmacokinetics).13) Information item 27, summary of pre-clinical pharmacokinetics, refer to the summary of experiment and literature of pre-clinical pharmacokinetics (animal) of the drug in application (absorption, metabolite, distribution, execration)14) Information item 28, Summary of global clinical study information, refers to summary of global literature, abstract and latest updating regarding the clinical trial of the drug in the application.15) Information item 29, Clinical study protocol: Clinical study protocol should cover details to deal with the critical items including proposed indication, usage and dosage, which should be supported with submission of study information. Clinical study protocol should be scientific, complete and there should be a comprehensive summary of pre-clinical and clinical information related to the key analysis of the potential risks and benefit of proposed trials.16) Information item 29, Investigator’s Brochure, refers to summary of existing pre-clinical and clinical information of the drug in the application, for the purpose to provide Investigator and other participators with information to aid them in understanding the characteristic of the drug and Clinical study protocol. Investigator’s Brochure should be concise and objective.IV Table of Application Information Item and NotesA Table of Application Information ItemInformation category information item Registration category and information item requirement1 2 3 4 5 6Summary information 1 ＋＋＋＋＋＋2 ＋＋＋＋＋＋3 ＋＋＋＋＋＋4 ＋＋＋＋＋＋5 ＋＋＋＋＋＋6 ＋＋＋＋＋＋Pharmaceutical Information 7 ＋＋＋＋＋＋8 ＋ *5 ＋＋ *5 *59 ＋＋＋＋＋＋10 ＋＋＋＋＋＋11 ＋＋＋＋＋＋12 ＋＋＋＋＋＋13 ＋＋＋＋＋＋14 ＋＋＋＋＋＋15 ＋＋＋＋＋＋Pharmacology and toxicology study information 16 ＋＋＋＋＋＋17 ＋ *16 ± *18 －－18 ＋ *16 ± *18 －－19 ＋ *16 ± *18 －－20 ＋ *16 ± *18 －－21 *19 *19 *19 *19 *19 *1922 *13 －－－－－23 ＋ ± ± ±－－24 ＋ ± ± ±－－25 *8 － *8 *8 －－26 *9 －－－－－27 ＋ *20 *20 ＋ *20 －Clinical Study information 28 ＋＋＋＋＋＋29 ＋＋＋＋＋△30 ＋＋＋＋＋△31 ＋＋＋＋＋△32 ＋＋＋＋＋△Notes:1. + Denote the information must be submitted,Denote±2. literature can be used instead of test information,Denote the-3. information may be exempted,Denote the information shall be submitted*4. 8 refer to note 8.*according to the requirement,5. △denote that the provisions 4 of “V , Requirement For Clinical Study” shall apply.6. literature refers to literature and / or summary of literature of all Pharmacology and toxicology study information of the drug in the application (including pharmacodynamic, mechanism of action, general pharmacology and toxicology and pharmacokinetics)B Notes1) Drugs under Registration Categories 1-5 refer to as new drugs. Drugs under Registration Category 6 refer to as the drugs already following National Standards. New indications referred in Registration Categories 1.6 and 3.4 mean the cases where preparation already marked in China add new indications that are different with the original indication in term of作用机制.2) Information Items 1-30 (except Information Item 6) shall be submitted for the application for new drugs as required under the Table of Application Information Items. Re-compiled summary Information Items 1-6, Information Item 12 and 14, clinical Information Items 28-32 and other changes and supplemental information shall be submitted and numbered with the numbers of Information Items upon the completion of the clinical study.For the drugs under Registration Category 1, upon the completion of the clinical study, all the required information of Information Items 1-30 should be re-edited according to the result of trails conducted during clinical study, and then be re-submitted.When the registration of drug substance and registration of preparation of the chemical drug under Registration Category 3 and 4 are applied at the same time, the registration of drug substance should comply with the requirement for production.3) Information Items 1-16 and 28-30 shall be submitted for the application for a drug already with National Standard as required under the Table of Application Information Items. If the clinical study was required, upon completion of the clinical study, Information Items 28-32 and other changes and supplemental information shall be submitted and numbered with the numbers of Information Items.4) During the registration of the drug already with National Standards, there should be a comprehensive quality study of the process and formula of the drug, and quality comparison with the already marketed drugs according to the national standards. When it is not possible to conduct the quality comparison with the already marketed drugs according to the national standards, a quality study should be conducted according to the requirement for registration of new drug, and if necessary, quality provisions in the national standard can be appended and /or revised.5) During the application only for preparations, the lawful Certified Documents to evidence the lawful sourcing of the drug substances shall be provided in 2 duplicates, which should be respectively categorized into information item 2 (certified document) and information item 13 (The source, test report and quality specification of drug substance and excipient). For the applicant using domestic drug substance, the documents that should be provided include copies of certified approval document of drug substance, drug standards, test report, business licenses of manufacturers of drug substance, Drug Manufacturing Certificate, and GMP Certificate, supply contract signed with manufacturers of drug substance, purchasing receipts.When the import drug substances were used, copies of supply contract signed with manufacturers of drug substance or its legal domestic agent, Import Drug Certificate, or Pharmaceutical Product Certificate, test report from Drug Control Institute of the local Customs, and drug standards shall be provided. During drug registration, use in investigative preparation with the drug substances without Import Drug Certificate, or Pharmaceutical Product Certificate must be approved by SFDA.6) For the registration of the drugs transformed among injections, powder for injection and intravenous infusion, the application shall be applied by the qualified enterprise with the production scope of the corresponding dosage form.7) The reproductive toxicity research information corresponding to the drug used for the people at child-bearing age should be submitted based on the natures of the indications and characteristic of the new drug8) For any of the drugs with expected treatment period longer than 6 months inclusive, or used for treatment of chronic and recurrent disease, or intermittent use for a regular period of time, experiment information or literature on Carcinogenicity should be provided, and information of carcinogenicity test or literature should be submitted for the following new drugs, based on the indication and characteristic of action:i. New drugs with chemical structure relating to the known carcinogen or the metabolite of the new drugs are similar to the known carcinogen.ii. During long-term toxicity experiment, cytotoxic effects were shown or extraordinary activation on the growth of cells in certain visceral organs and tissues were caused.iii. Drug with a positive test result during mutagenicity test.9) For new drugs acting on central nervous system, such as analgesics, depressants, stimulants, and drugs with chemical structure related to those compounds liable to cause drug dependence, experiment information of drug dependence should be submitted.10) For the new drug under Registration Category 1, toxicokinetics study should usually be conducted during the repeated doses toxicity study.11) Under the Registration Category 1, the optical isomer obtained from a known drug through chiral separation or synthetic method and its preparation, the research information and relevant literature compared between racemate and mono-isomer in areas on pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicology (normally acute toxicity) should be provided to indicate the justification of the R&D. When the safety range of racemate is narrow, and the available information indicates that the unexpected toxicology (irrelevant to pharmacology) is considerably high, the toxicology test of mono isomer with repeated doses (normally lasting for 3 months) or other toxicology tests (such as reproductive toxicology) shall be provided based on the comprehensive information such as clinical course of treatment, dosage, and indications of the drugs, as well as the people using the drugs.12) For drugs under Registration Category 1 with fewer components derived from already marketed multi-component drugs, if the component did not include the substance explained in note 8 herein, then Information Items 23-25 may be exempted.13) For the new combination products under Registration Category 1, Information Item 22 should be submitted.14) For the new combination products under Registration Category 1, information of toxicity test of repeated dosage compared with single dosage should be provided, and if the - toxicitytest of repeated dosage indicated no increase in toxicity, and no change in the target tissue, Information Item 27 should be exempted.15) For the new combination products under Registration Category 1, if there is no significant change in animal pharmacokinetic study results, then Item 23-25 should be exempted.16) For the new drugs under Registration Category 2, the route of administration during the pharmacology and toxicology study should be the same with that to be used in clinical study. Generally, the pharmacokinetic test or the related toxicology study information (such as topical and repeated dose toxicity) compared with the original route of administration should be provided.17) For the drugs under Registration Category 3, the preparations with change in route of administration and already marketed overseas, emphasis should be focused more on the drug absorption or topical toxicity influenced by the excipient, and if necessary, the pharmacokinetic test or other toxicology study should be provided.18) For the new drugs under Registration Category 4, pharmacokinetic, main pharmacodynamic, normal pharmacology and acute toxicity test information compared with the already marketed drugs should be provided to reflect the difference before and after the changes, and if necessary, the research information on repeated doses toxicity and other relevant pharmacology and toxicology study should be provided. If the preparation is made by changing the acidic or alkaline radicals (or metallic elements) of the salt of a marketed drug, it has been already marketed overseas, then the application information requirement under Registration Category 3 shall be provided.19) For the drugs for topical use, in addition to the information required under the relevant Registration Category and Information Items, the information under Information Item 21 should also be submitted; topical absorption test should be conducted, if necessary.20) When there is an obvious safety concerns in the immediate, sustained and controlled released preparations (narrow safety range, significant increase in dosage), animal pharmacokinetic study information compared with the marketed immediate, sustained and controlled released preparations regular preparations should also be provided at single dose.V Requirement for Clinical Study1) For the new drugs under Registration Category 1 and 2, clinical trials should be conducted.i. Cases of patients for clinical trials should meet the statistical requirement and the minimal cases required.ii. The minimal cases required (trial group) of clinical trials are as following, 20-30 for Phase I, 100 for Phase II, 300 for Phase III, 2000 for Phase IV,iii. Phase I clinical trial of the contraceptives should be conducted following this Regulation. In Phase II clinical trial, a randomized controlled clinical study should be conducted on at least 100 pairs of subjects for at least 6 menstruation cycles. In Phase III trial, an open trial on at least 1000 cases for 12 menstruation cycles should be accomplished. In Phase IV trial, variable factors of such kind of drugs should be carefully considered to finish the trial with adequate numbers of cases.2) For the new drugs under the Registration Categories 3 and 4, human pharmacokinetic study and randomized controlled clinical trials on at least 100 pairs of subjects should be conducted.In the event of more than one indication, cases for each main indication shall not be less than 60 pairs. Human pharmacokinetics study and an open trial on at least 500 cases for 12 menstruation cycles should be accomplished for contraceptives.Human pharmacokinetics study may be exempted for the following 2 cases:preparation of topcial use with only topical treatment effect.oral preparation that not be absorbed.3) The clinical study for the new drug under Registration Category 5 should be conducted in accordance with the following principles,i. Bioequivalence trials should be conducted for oral solid preparations on normally 18-24 cases. ii. When a bioequivalence trial is difficult to be conducted for oral solid preparations or other non- oral solid preparations, clinical trails should be conducted, and cases for the clinical trials should be at least 100 pairs.iii. For the preparations of sustained and controlled released preparations, controlled human pharmacokinetic study and clinical trials related to therapeutics should be conducted on single dose and repeated doses of the drugs, and the cases for clinical trials should be at least 100 pairs.iv. For registration of drug transformed among injections, powder for injection and intravenous infusion, if the route of administration, dosage, and usage are identical with the original dosage form, the clinical study can be exempted.4) For the oral solid preparations under the Registration Category 6, bioequivalence tests should be conducted on normally 18-24 cases.If the quality of drug needs to be controlled by process and standards, clinical tests should be conducted on normally 100 cases.5) During the new drug registration of chemical drug, when at the same time the registration of injection, powder injection and intravenous infusion that made of this chemical drug is also applied, if the preparations are from the same applicant, clinical trial is only needed for one of the preparation. For other preparation, as long as requirement of exemption of clinical trail are met, clinical trail may be exempted. If the preparations are from different applicants, clinical trail should be conduction respectively.6) Application for reduction or exemption of clinical trial should be made during the application of drug registration with detail of reasons and information for reduction or exemption of clinical trials. If a clinical trial is already approved, with exception of the case where reduction or exemption of clinical trial is allowed by this Regulation, reduction or exemption of clinical trial generally should not be allowed. If there is indeed difficulty to complete the clinical trial, application should be made with detail of the basis and plan for reduction or exemption of clinical trial, where the rational should be justified in term of clinical statistic, status of group of patients in the clinical trials.7) The comparative drug used for the controlled clinical trails shall be already marketed in China. If the comparative drug must be imported, there need to be approval from SFDA. Priority in choosing the comparative drug of positive clinical test should according to the following:i. Drug from the original manufacturerii. The same drug of definite clinical test dataiii. Drug of the same active substance and route of administration but different dosage form iv. Other drug of similar mechanism of action effect and the same indication.VI Requirement on Import Chemical Drug.A Requirement of Application Information Items1) Application Information should be submitted in accordance with the requirement under Table of the Application Information Items of Chemical Drugs. For the application of the new chemical entity not yet marketed in any country, Application Information should be submitted in accordance with the Registration Category 1. For other drugs, Application Information should be submitted in accordance with the Registration Category 3. Drug under Registration Category1 refers to those that are at least in the stage of Phase II Clinical Trials ex-China.2) Information Item 5, include draft of packaging insert sheet, notes to the draft and the updated literature, the original PI from the manufacturing country, the actual commercial sample of PI used in the manufacturing country and the Chinese translation. The original commercial packaging and labeling should also be provided for Registration Category 6.3) All the clinical study information used for the market authorization approval in the original manufacturing countries shall be submitted for Information Item 28.4) All the application information shall be in Chinese with the original text attached, information in other language (ex-English) may be attached as reference. The Chinese translation shall be consistent with the original language.5) The Chinese translation of quality specification must comply with the format of the National Drug Standards of China.B Requirement and notes to the Information Item 2, Certified Documents1) Information Item 2, Certified Documents, includes,i) Certified Documents, notarized document for the free sale certificate (FSC) issued from the competent authorities of the local country or region where the manufacturer is located, and the GMP Certificate of the manufacturer, and the Chinese translation.Application for the drugs under Registration Category 1, the above Certified Documents can be submitted together with the clinical study report upon the completion of the clinical study in China. However, during the application of Clinical Trails, certified documents of GMP Certificate of the manufacturer issued by local competent drug administration where the drug is manufactured must be provided.ii) When the registration of a foreign drug manufacturer is conducted by manufacturer’s office in China, copies of Registration Certificate Of Resident Office Of Foreign Enterprise should be provided.。

2024年教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力高分题库附精品答案单选题（共45题）1、I arrived at the airport so late that I __________missed the plane.A.onlyB.quiteC.narrowlyD.seldom【答案】 C2、Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants．In his reinterpretation，migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America．His approach rests on four separate propositions．A.Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American cultureB.Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on Great BritainC.Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrectD.Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group of migrants to colonial North America【答案】 A3、请阅读短文，完成此题。

农药学学报 2021, 23(3): 492-498Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science • 研究论文 •doi: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2021.0077杀菌剂田间试验防病效果的4种常用计算公式比较分析李雄1, 张楠2, 李贤宾2, 苍涛3, 杨峻2,黄中乔4, 苗建强1, 刘西莉*,1,4(1. 西北农林科技大学植物病理学系，陕西杨凌 712100；2. 农业农村部农药检定所，北京 100125；3. 浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所，杭州 310021；4. 中国农业大学植物病理学系，北京 100193)摘要：田间药效试验是农药登记试验管理中重要的组成部分，其中病害防治效果计算公式的适用性、有效性和精确性，对科学合理评价杀菌剂对病害的田间防治效果至关重要。

目前常用的几种计算公式在适用性和计算误差上存在差异，而对于常用公式之间的比较至今尚未见系统的研究报道。

本研究通过理论推导、数值模拟等方式比较验证了多个变量不同组合条件下4种常用计算公式的防治效果变化趋势，准确评价了常用计算公式的应用范围和计算结果的稳定性，并对处理区药后观测的病情指数进行了修正。

结果表明：在固定处理区和对照区药后病情指数条件下，4种常用公式计算结果对处理区、对照区初始病情指数差异的敏感程度表现不同；当处理区施药前后病情指数变化极小时，采用公式(1)、(3)和杨信东公式(4)计算防治效果会出现计算结果不依赖对照区病情指数的情况，且当处理区药后病情指数低于药前病情指数时，计算结果会大于100%，出现防效值溢出现象，而Henderson-Tilton公式[公式(2)]是以施药前后病情指数变化率来计算防治效果，可以有效规避结果偏差或防效值溢出；而当对照区初始病情指数较大，且病情发生速率快时，建议采用杨信东公式(4)计算防治效果，可以减少处理区和对照区因药后病情指数差异而带来的误差。

unobviousness 非显而易见性utility certificate of addition 增补实用证书utility certificate 实用证书utility model application 实用新型申请utility model infringement 实用新型侵权utility model law 实用新型法utility model protection 实用新型保护auther of invention 发明人utility model register 实用新型注册簿实用新型validity of patent 专利的有效性valuation of patent 专利的评价vanishing of impediment 障碍的消除vendee of patent 专利的买主违反法律的发明voluntary conveyance 自愿转让voluntary license 自愿许可（证）waiver of payment 支付款项的放弃abstract of invention 发明摘要author's certificate 作者证书waiver of requirement 要求的放弃watching and administering the process of patent examination and grant 专利审批流程的监视和管理withdrawal of designation 撤回指定world wide agent 国际代理人written application 书面申请written declaration 书面申明written disclosure 书面公开year of issue 发行年year of publication 出版公布年保护范围extent of protectionauxiliary application 辅助申请保护工业产权巴黎公约Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property保护权的转让assignment of protective right保密义务duty of secrecy保密专利secret patent被授予专利权人姓名name of grantee被异议人person challanged本国商标national mark本国申请项目domestic filing data本国注册home registration引用网址：/cihui/43/61703.htmindex of inventor and patentee 发明人与专利人索引index of patent specification 专利说明书索引indication of manufacture under license 特许制造标记applicant 申请人individual request for patent family 同族专利单项服务individual survey for family 同族（专利）单项调查industrial applicability of invention 发明的工业实用性industrial design 工业品外观设计industrial development patents 工业发展专利权industrial monopoly 工业独占工业专利informal application 非正式的申请infringing use 侵权使用initial down payment 入门费abandonment of a patent application 放弃专利申请application awaiting examination 待审查的申请innocent infringement 非有意侵权INPADOC Data Base 国际专利文献中心数据库INPADOC Patent Gazette 国际专利文献中心的专利公报inspection of the patent register 专利登记簿的查阅institute of patent agents 专利代理人协会institute of patentees and inventors 专利权人和发明人协会institute of trademark agents 商标代理人协会insufficient disclosure 不充分公开intellectual property 知识产权intention of clause 条款的意旨application document 申请案文件inter-dependence of patent 专利的互相依赖性interdependent patents 相互依存的专利interfering application 抵触的申请interfering patent 抵触的专利interfering patentee 抵触的专利权人international application 国际申请International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks 商标注册用的商品和服务国际分类法International Convention on Patents 国际专利权公约International Patent Classification 国际专利分类international registration of marks 商标的国际注册申请文件invention and creation 发明创造invention of employee 雇员发明引用网址：/cihui/43/61714.htm共同发明joint invention共同发明人co-inventorjoint inventor共同申请joint application共同申请人co-applicant共同使用权right of joint use共同使用人co-userbrand name 商标名称joint user共同市场欧洲专利公约Convention for the European Patent for the Common Market 共同所有人co-proprietorjoint owner共同体专利community patent共享专利协定patent pool agreement共有专利joint patent构思日期conception date雇员发明employee inventioninvention of employeebrief description of invention 发明的简要说明国别专利目录national catalog of patents国际代理人world wide agent国际申请international application国际专利分类International Patent Classification国际专利权公约International Convention on Patents国际专利文献中心的专利公报INPADOC Patent Gazette国际专利文献中心数据库INPADOC Data Base国家申请national application国家收费national fee国家注册national registrationBritish patent 英国专利国家专利national patent国家专利馆藏state patent collection国内申请domestic application合同生效entry into force of the contract後来的申请subsequent application互惠许可证reciprocal license恢复申请application for restoration机械专利mechanical patent基本申请编号basic requisition number基本专利basic patent引用网址：/cihui/43/61725.htm母专利parent patent欧洲专利公约European Patent Convention欧洲专利通报European Patent Report批准程序granting procedure批准专利的障碍bar to patent grantCanadian Patent 加拿大专利批准专利国patent country欺骗性仿制fraudulent imitation企业中的专利管理patent management in enterprises企业专利工作patent work in enterprises前景发明foreground invention潜在技术potential technology潜在申请人potential applicant强行规定cogent provision侵犯商标（权）的诉讼action for infringement of a mark侵犯外观设计的诉讼action for infringement of an industrial design cancellation of trade mark 商标取消侵犯专利（权）的诉讼action for infringement of a patent侵权的损害赔偿金damages for infringement侵权的通知notice of infringement侵权使用infringing use侵权诉讼案的被告defendant in an infringement请求复审reqest for re-examination请求国际（申请）初步审查demand for international preliminary examination 请求审查petition for examinationrequest for examination请求书petitioncancellation of utility models 实用新型的取消请求书格式form of request全文专利文档full text patent documents权利辩护defense of right权利的剥夺deprivation of a right权利的前所有人former proprietor of a right权利的适当保护appropriate protection of a right权利丧失loss of a right权项claim缺乏发明单一性lack unity of invention缺乏新颖性lack of noveltycarry out an invention 实施发明确定发明人的身份determining the identity of the inventor确立要求保护的范围define the limite of the protection claimed引用网址：/cihui/43/61728.htmdelay in issue 延迟颁发delay payment of the official 延期支付法定费用delayed examination 推迟的审查delayed filing 延迟申请admissibility of trade mark 准许商标注册的条件demand for international preliminary examination 请求国际（申请）初步审查demand for renewal 要求续展demand the assignment of a right 要求转让权利department of patent administration 专利管理部dependent invention 从属发明dependent patent 从属专利depreciation on franchises 专利折旧deprivation of a right 权利的剥夺description of invention 发明说明书description of trademark 商标说明advanced patent course 高级专利进修班descriptive trademark 图形商标design act 外观设计法design application 外观设计申请design law 外观设计法design patent 设计专利外观设计专利design register 外观设计注册簿designated office 指定局指定国designation of agent 代理人的指派affixation of a mark on goods 在商品上缀附商标detailed description of invention 发明的详细说明determination of patentability 专利性的确定determining the identity of the inventor 确定发明人的身份dicision of a patent application 专利申请的分类案diminish the protection granted to the trademark 缩短对商标的保护direct license 直接许可证disclosure of invention 发明的公开discretionary clause 自由处理条款discretionary power 自由处理权力discretionary provision 自由处理规定aggregate value of invention 发明的总价值discriminating conduct 辨别方法dispense with royalties 免除使用费引用网址：/cihui/43/61729.htmdistinctive feature 显着特点distinctive mark 显着的商标division of applications 申请的分案document code 文件代码domestic application 国内申请domestic filing data 本国申请项目dominant patent 主专利double patent 重复授予专利alienate a right 转让权利复本duty of secrecy 保密义务earlier application 较早的申请earlier publication of a patent application 专利申请的早期公开economic patent 经济专利economic usefulness 经济实用性effect of grant of patent 授予专利权的效力effect of invalidation 宣告无效的效力effect of patent 专利的效力effect of trademark 商标效力allegation of a patent 专利的主张effective date 生效日期effective filing date 实际申请日期emblem in trade mark 商标中的标志emblem of sovereignty 主权标志employee invention 雇员发明endorsement of patent 专利特许enforce a rule 施行规则entry into force of the contract 合同生效entry year 登记年essence of invention 发明的实质alleged new invention 宣称的新发明essential part of mark 商标主要部分establishment procedure of the patent agencies 专利代理机构的审批权限European Patent Convention 欧洲专利公约European Patent Report 欧洲专利通报eventual utility model application 最终的实用新型申请ex rights 无权利examination as to novelty 新颖性审查examination as to substance 实质审查examination board 审查委员会引用网址：/cihui/43/61730.htmpatent of introduction 进口专利引进专利patent of invention 发明专利patent of revalidation 再效专利patent of utility model 实用新型专利patent office 专利局patent owner 专利所有人patent pending 专利未决application refused 已被拒绝的申请patent policy 专利政策patent pool agreement 共享专利协定patent pool 专利共享patent pooling system 专利共享制度patent property 专利产权patent protection 专利保护patent register 专利登记簿patent regulation 专利实施细则patent renewed 续展专利patent report 专利报告application regulation 申请规则patent royalty 专利权使用费patent rules 专利实施细则patent search 专利调查patent specification 专利说明书patent system 专利制patent watching search 专利的监视性检索patent work in enterprises 企业专利工作patent work system 专利工作体系patent work 专利工作patent working 专利实施appointed date 指定日专利（权，证，品，件，证书，发明）patentability 专利性patented article 专利物品patented invention 专利发明patented inventor 自称的发明人patented method 专利方法patented product 专利产品patented technology 专利技术patentee code 专利权人代码引用网址：/cihui/43/61731.htmfalse marking 虚假标志field of application 申请的领域figurative element of mark 商标的图形要素figurative mark 图形商标file wrapper 文档夹files of the case in court 在审案的文档an application filing 提出申请filing date of application 申请提出日filing office 受理处filing patent applications in foreign countries 向外国申请专利final date 最终日final fee 最後年费final registration 最後登记final term 最终期限find anticipation 发现占先first application 第一次申请first foreign application 第一次国外申请announcement of invalidation of patent right 宣告专利权无效first inventor 第一个发明人first period of protection 第一个保护期first to file system 先申请制first to file 先申请first to invent principle 先发明原则first to invent system 先发明制first to invent 先发明first using right 先用权foreground invention 前景发明foreign application 外国申请annual maintenance for a patent application 专利申请的每年维持费foreign filing authorization 授权向国外申请foreign patent 外国专利foreign protection 外国保护foreign protective right 外国的保护权forfeited application 已丧失的申请form of application 申请表form of request 请求书格式formal examination 形式审查former proprietor of a right 权利的前所有人former states 在先的状态anticipate an invention 占先的发明引用网址：/cihui/43/61732.htmcorrespending report 相应的报告转让申明declaration of assignment转让申请assign an application转让手续费transfer fee转让专利assign a patent转送费transmittal fee准许商标注册的条件admissibility of trade mark准许申请allowing an application资料交换协议date exchange agreement自称的发明人patented inventor自留本本国副本nhome copyadditional application 增补申请corresponding patent search 相应的专利检索自然专利natural monopoly自由处理规定discretionary provision自由处理权力discretionary power自由处理条款discretionary clause自愿许可（证）voluntary license自愿转让voluntary conveyance综合专利索引general patent index总公约巴黎公约ngeneral convertion组合商标combined trademark最初的审查员prime examinercorroboration of invention 发明人的确证最後登记final registration最後年费final fee最後位置规则last place rule最惠条款most-favo(u)red provision最早日期at the earliest date最终的实用新型申请eventual utility model application 最终期限final term最终日final date作者证书author's certificatecountry of priority 优先权国家co-user 共同使用人criterion of patentability 专利性的标准damages for infringement 侵权的损害赔偿金data of printing 印刷日date exchange agreement 资料交换协议date of application 申请日date of commencement of the main patent 主专利的开始日引用网址：/cihui/43/61693.htm专利产权英语词汇第11页本国专利馆藏national patent collectionauxiliary utility model 辅助性实用新型辨别方法discriminating conduct伯尔尼公约Berne Convention不充分公开insufficient disclosure不道德的发明immoral invention不能转让的权利non-transferable right不完全公开incomplete disclosure不完整的申请incomplete application部分所有人part owner部分专利partial monopoly参与侵权contributory infringementbackground of invention 发明的背景产品专利product patent撤回权right of withdrawalright to recall撤回声明declaration of withdrawal撤回通知notice of withdrawal撤回指定withdrawal of designation陈列日date of display持有人bearerholder出版公布年year of publicationbankruptcy of patentee 专利权人的破产出版数据的管理查询administering of publication data retrievaling 初步驳回preliminary rejection初步可行性研究pre-feasibility study初步审查preliminary examination初步审查费preliminary examination fee次要专利minor patent从属发明dependent invention从属专利dependent patent答复时间time for replying代理权power representbar of patentability 专利性的障碍代理人的指定appointment of representative代理人的指派designation of agent代理人姓名name of agent待审查的申请application awaiting examination待审批的申请pending application引用网址：/cihui/43/61694.htm专利产权英语词汇第12页license 许可证专利申请书licensed technology 许可转让的技术许可方list of prior art documents separating from descriptive text 说明书以外的先有技术文件目录Locarno Agreement 洛加诺协定lodging of application 提出异议loss of a right 权利丧失loss of right 优先权丧失Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks 商标国际注册马德里协定main application 主申请main patent 主专利application for petty patent 小专利申请main title 主要名称maintenance in force of the patent 维持专利权有效manual for the handing of patent application 专利申请处理手册制造厂商标master patent 主专利mechanical patent 机械专利minor patent 次要专利mission of patent agency 专利代理的任务mode of execution 实施方式model utility 实用新型application for registration 申请注册monopoly power 独占权most-favo(u)red provision 最惠条款multiple applicant 多个申请人multiple deposit 多重保存multiple priorities 多项优先权name of agent 代理人姓名name of applicant 申请人姓名name of grantee 被授予专利权人姓名name of inventor 发明人姓名national application 国家申请注册申请national catalog of patents 国别专利目录national fee 国家收费national mark 本国商标national patent collection 本国专利馆藏national patent 国家专利引用网址：/cihui/43/61695.htm专利产权英语词汇第13页发明的工业实用性industrial applicability of invention 发明的公开disclosure of invention发明的简要说明brief description of invention发明的利益benefit of invention发明的利用exploitation of invention发明的实质essence of invention发明的特点characteristic feature of invention发明的详细说明detailed description of invention发明的新颖性novely of inventionabuse of monopoly 独占权的滥用持有人发明的性质nature of invention发明的总价值aggregate value of invention发明构思inventive concept发明人auther of inventioninventor发明人的确证corroboration of invention发明人的声明declaration of inventorship发明人姓名name of inventor发明人与专利人索引index of inventor and patentee 发明人证书inventor certificatebelated opposition 延误的异议发明说明书description of invention发明物invention发明项目object of invention发明摘要abstract of invention发明者inventororiginator发明专利patent of invention发明专利权patent for invention发现占先find anticipation发行年year of issuebenefit of invention 发明的利益发证费issuance fee发证日date of issue法定权限official competence方法专利process patent防卫性公布程序defensive publication program放弃申请abandend application放弃专利权abandonment of a patent引用网址：/cihui/43/61696.htm 专利产权英语词汇第14页植物专利plant patent纸面专利paper patent指定国designated state指定局designated office指定日appointed date指定日期appointed daycomptroller general of patent 专利局长制造厂商标manufacturer's brand中国专利权Chinese patent right终止和期满的专利patent ceased and expired终止专利lapsed patent重复授予专利double patent主权标志emblem of sovereignty主任审查员examiner in chief主申请main applicationparent application主要名称main titleconception date 构思日期主专利dominant patentmain patentmaster patentprinciple patent主专利的开始日date of commencement of the main patent 注册簿register注册登记registerregistration注册登记号number of registration注册期间period of registrationconcurrent application 同时（提出的）申请注册日date of registration注册申请application for registration注册所有人owner of registration专利（权，证，品，件，证书，发明）patent专利案件patent case专利保护patent protection专利保护范围scope of patent protection专利保护类别categories of patent专利报告patent report专利标记patent markingconditions of patentability 专利性的条件专利表格patents sheet引用网址：/cihui/43/61697.htm专利产权英语词汇第15页在本国申请application in home country在後的申请later applicationcomplete application 完整的申请在後的选定later election在商品上缀附商标affixation of a mark on goods在审案的文档files of the case in court在先的发明人prior inventor在先的专利prior patent在先的状态former states在先申请人prior applicant在先要求prior claiming在专利局听证hearing before the patent office在专利中要求保护claimed in a patentcomplete description 完整的说明暂时保护temporary protection增补申请additional application增补实用证书utility certificate of addition增补专利additional patent诈取发明人的奖金defraud the inventor of his award展览优先权exibition priority占先的发明anticipate an invention占先的专利anticipatory patent障碍的消除vanishing of impediment真正的所有人true ownercomplete patent specification 完整的专利说明书真正的最先发明人true and first inventor正商标original trademark证明商标certification mark证明条款attestation clause证实的译文attested translation政府发明government invention政府所有的发明government-owned inventions政府所有的申请government-owned application政府专利public monopoly支付款项的放弃waiver of paymentaction for infringement of a patent 侵犯专利（权）的诉讼complete spesification 完整的说明书支付申请人的费用defray the applicant's fees支配专利basic patent知识产权intellectual property直接许可证direct license引用网址：/cihui/43/61698.htm专利产权英语词汇第16页patent class 专利类目patent commissioner 专利局长patent cooperation treaty 专利合作条约申请表patent country 批准专利国patent description 专利说明书patent disputes 专利争议patent document 专利文件patent duties 专利义务patent examiner 专利审查员patent examining procedure 专利审查程序patent expired 专利有效期满patent families 同族专利patent family 专利族application in home country 在本国申请patent fee 专利费patent file 专利文档patent for invention 发明专利权Patent Gazette for Utility Models 《实用新型专利公报》patent gazette 专利公报patent holder 专利持有者专利权人专有权持有人patent implementing regulations 专利实施法规patent implementing rules 专利实施规章application number 申请号patent in force 生效的专利patent licence 专利许可证patent licence-agreement 专利特许协议patent license-agreement 专利许可合同patent list 专利目录patent management in enterprises 企业中的专利管理patent marking 专利标记patent matters 专利事务patent number index 专利号索引patent number 专利号abandonment of patent privileges 专利特权的放弃application paper 申请文件patent of importation 输入专利patent of improvement 改进（的）专利引用网址：/cihui/43/61699.htm专利产权英语词汇第17页许可证接受人grantee of license许可转让的技术licensed technology续展费renewal fee续展期间period of renewal续展期限renewal term续展申请renewal applicationaction for infringement of a mark 侵犯商标（权）的诉讼co-inventor 共同发明人续展专利patent renewed宣称的新发明alleged new invention宣告无效的理由ground for invalidation宣告无效的声明declaration of nullity宣告无效的效力effect of invalidation宣告专利权无效announcement of invalidation of patent right 宣示性判决declaration judgement选择发明selection invention选择申请人（检索）服务selected applicant service延长保护期extension of pretection色码制延长时间period of extension延迟颁发delay in issue延迟期间period of delay延迟申请delayed filing延迟审查deferred examination延付金额deferred sum延期支付法定费用delay payment of the official延误的异议belated opposition要求保护的发明claimed invention要求承认（对发明的）所有权claiming ownership combined trademark 组合商标要求承认优先权claim the right of priority要求的放弃waiver of requirement要求续展demand for renewal要求转让权利demand the assignment of a right一般法general law已被拒绝的申请application refused已丧失的申请forfeited application已申请专利patent applied for已终止专利lapsed patent已转让的申请assigned applicationcommittee of experts on patents 专利事务专家委员会引用网址：/cihui/43/61700.htm专利产权英语词汇第18页patentee 专利登记人appointed day 指定日期专利取得人专利权人patentor 授与专利的人授予专利的机关专利权授与者patents ceased through nonpayment of renewal fees 因未付续展费而终止的专利patents registration 专利登记patents sheet 专利表格payment of fee 费用缴纳pending application 待审批的申请appointment of patent agent 专利代理人的指定未决申请period of delay 延迟期间period of extension 延长时间period of priority 优先（权）期间period of registration 注册期间period of renewal 续展期间person challanged 被异议人petition for examination 请求审查petition 请求书petty patent 小专利appointment of representative 代理人的指定pioneer invention 开创性发明pioneer patent 开创性专利plant patent 植物专利plea of nullity 无效抗辩potential applicant 潜在申请人potential technology 潜在技术power represent 代理权pre-feasibility study 初步可行性研究preliminary examination fee 初步审查费preliminary examination 初步审查appropriate protection of a right 权利的适当保护预先审查preliminary rejection 初步驳回presumed inventor 推定发明人previous application 以前的申请previous right 先前的权利引用网址：/cihui/43/61701.htm确认专利confirmation patent日本专利分类法Japan Patent Classification入藏登记accession入藏登记号索引《Accession Number Index》入门费initial down payment瑞士专利Swiss Patent 色码制colo(u)r coding 善意使用bona fide use categories of patent 专利保护类别商标（注册）申请application for trademarktrademark application商标保护trademark protection商标代理人协会institute of trademark agents商标的国际注册international registration of marks商标的图形要素figurative element of mark商标公报trademark gazette商标国际注册马德里协定Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks商标名称brand name商标侵权trademark infringe mentcertificate of correction 更正证明书商标取消cancellation of trade mark商标权trademark right商标申请权的获得acquisition of the right to a mark商标说明description of trademark商标诉讼trademark litigation商标所有权ownership of trademark商标所有人owner of trademark商标图形要素国际分类表维也纳协定nInternational Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks商标效力effect of trademark商标异议trademark appositionaccomplishment of a search 完成检索certificate of patent 专利证商标中的标志emblem in trade mark商标主要部分essential part of mark商标注册registration of trademark商标注册簿trademark register商标注册人trademark registrant商标注册日date of the registration of a mark商标注册条约Trademark Registration Treaty商标注册用的商品和服务国际分类法International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks商标注册用的商品及服务国际分类尼斯协定Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks已转让的专利assigned patent以前的申请previous application以说明书为依据的权利要求claim supported by the description以未付款为理由by reason of non-payment异议程序opposition procedure异议费opposition fee异议期间opposition period异议人opponent异议通知notice of opposition异议文件opposition documentcommunity patent 共同体专利异议一方party in opposition意图使用商标的声明declaration of intent to use a mark因分类而增加收费increase in fees due to classification因未付续展费而终止的专利patents ceased through nonpayment of renewal fees 音响商标sound mark引进专利patent of introduction印刷日data of printing英国专利British patent优先（权）的利益benefit of priority优先（权）期间period of prioritycompetence of the patent division 专利处的权限priority interval优先权国家country of priority优先权丧失loss of right优先权声明prioity claim有关的分案申请related by division(s)有关的继续申请related by continuation(s)有关的再公告专利related by reissue(s)有关的增补申请related by addition(s)有效期满专利expired patentlapsed patentcompeting technology 竞争性技术有优先权申请的号码numbers assigned to priority application(s)有优先权申请的申请日dates of filing priority application(s)与国际条约有关的识别项目identification of data related international conventions 与文件有关的当事人事项identification of parties concerned with the document预先审查preliminary examination再公告reissue再公告专利reissue patent再效专利patent of revalidation引用网址：/cihui/43/61704.htmnational registration 国家注册自然专利nature of invention 发明的性质negate novelty 否定新颖性network of patents 专利权网abandonment of a patent 放弃专利权application for restoration 恢复申请new invention 新发明new products monopoly 新产品专利Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks 商标注册用的商品及服务国际分类尼斯协定non-contest clause 无争议条款non-convention application 非（巴黎）公约（国家）的申请non-distinctive trademark 无显着性的商标non-exclusive licence 非独占许可（证）non-fulfilment 未履行non-patent ability 无专利性non-published technology 未公布技术application for the grant of a patent 申请授予专利权non-service invention 非职务发明non-transferable right 不能转让的权利non-voluntary licence 非自愿许可（证）受理的通知notice of delivery 送达通知notice of infringement 侵权的通知notice of opposition 异议通知notice of withdrawal 撤回通知notification on formal insufficiencies 形式不合格的通知novel invention 新发明application for the protection of an invention 申请保护发明novelty report 新颖性报告novely of invention 发明的新颖性number of application 申请号number of registration 注册登记号number of the document 文件号numbers assigned to priority application(s) 有优先权申请的号码object of invention 发明项目obligation of patent agent 专利代理人责任obvious invention 显而易见的发明office action 专利局审查决定书application for the reissure of a patent 申请重新颁发专利prime examiner 最初的审查员principle patent 主专利prioity claim 优先权声明prior applicant 在先申请人prior claiming 在先要求assign a mark 转让商标prior inventor 在先的发明人prior patent 在先的专利priority interval 优先（权）期间process patent 方法专利processing of application 申请案的处理product patent 产品专利proprietary article 专利品proprietary technology 专有技术政府专利publication fee 公布费assign a patent 转让专利reciprocal license 互惠许可证recording of patent license contract 专利许可合同备案regional centre for technology transfer 技术转让地区中心regional patent 地区专利register of patent 专利登记注册簿注册登记registration certificate 登记证registration number 登记号registration of patent 专利登记abridgement of patents 专利说明书摘要assign a trade name 转让厂商名称registration of trademark 商标注册登记证注册登记reissue patent 再公告专利reissue 再公告related by addition(s) 有关的增补申请related by continuation(s) 有关的继续申请related by division(s) 有关的分案申请related by reissue(s) 有关的再公告专利renewal application 续展申请assign an application 转让申请引用网址：/cihui/43/61706.htmrenewal fee 续展费renewal term 续展期限reqest for re-examination 请求复审request for examination 请求审查right of joint use 共同使用权right of personal possession 个人占有权right of preemption 先买权right of withdrawal 撤回权right to recall 撤回权提成费assign the registration of a mark 转让商标注册scope of invention 发明的范围scope of patent protection 专利保护范围secret patent 保密专利selected applicant service 选择申请人（检索）服务selected classification service 专利选类服务selection invention 选择发明serial number of patent 专利证书序号sole license 独家许可证sound mark 音响商标special medicine patent 特种医药专利assigned application 已转让的申请special power of attorney 特别授权书specification of patent 专利说明书state patent collection 国家专利馆藏sub-application 分申请sub-filling 分申请sub-license 分许可（证）subsequent application 後来的申请subsidiary patent 附属专利substance patent 物质专利substance protection 物质保护assigned patent 已转让的专利substantive examination 实质审查substitute application 替换申请substitute attorney 副代理人sunstsantive patent law 专利实体法surrender of patent 专有权的放弃Swiss Patent 瑞士专利system for checking on patent agents 专利代理人的考核引用网址：/cihui/43/61707.htm单一专利unitary patent当然许可证license of right登记号registration number登记年entry year登记日date of entrybar to patent grant 批准专利的障碍登记证registrationregistration certificate抵触的申请conflicing applicationinterfering application抵触的专利conflicting patentinterfering patent抵触的专利权人interfering patentee地区专利regional patent第一次国外申请first foreign application第一次申请first applicationbasic patent 基本专利第一个保护期first period of protection第一个发明人first inventor电子文件申请patent application by electronic carrier 独家许可证sole license独立发明independent invention独立发明人independent inventor独立申请independent application独立专利independent patent独占权exclusive rightmonopoly power支配专利独占权的滥用abuse of monopoly独占专利exclusive patent多个申请人multiple applicant多项优先权multiple priorities多重保存multiple deposit发明invention发明创造invention and creation发明的inventive发明的背景background of invention发明的单一性unity of inventionbasic requisition number 基本申请编号发明的范围scope of invention引用网址：/cihui/43/61708.htm。

专利产权英语词汇(总39页) -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除专利产权英语词汇第1页unobviousness 非显而易见性utility certificate of addition 增补实用证书utility certificate 实用证书utility model application 实用新型申请utility model infringement 实用新型侵权utility model law 实用新型法utility model protection 实用新型保护auther of invention 发明人utility model register 实用新型注册簿实用新型validity of patent 专利的有效性valuation of patent 专利的评价vanishing of impediment 障碍的消除vendee of patent 专利的买主违反法律的发明voluntary conveyance 自愿转让voluntary license 自愿许可（证）waiver of payment 支付款项的放弃abstract of invention 发明摘要author's certificate 作者证书waiver of requirement 要求的放弃watching and administering the process of patent examination and grant 专利审批流程的监视和管理withdrawal of designation 撤回指定world wide agent 国际代理人written application 书面申请written declaration 书面申明written disclosure 书面公开year of issue 发行年year of publication 出版公布年保护范围 extent of protectionauxiliary application 辅助申请保护工业产权巴黎公约 Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property保护权的转让 assignment of protective right保密义务 duty of secrecy保密专利 secret patent被授予专利权人姓名 name of grantee被异议人 person challanged本国商标 national mark本国申请项目 domestic filing data本国注册 home registration引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第2页index of inventor and patentee 发明人与专利人索引index of patent specification 专利说明书索引indication of manufacture under license 特许制造标记applicant 申请人individual request for patent family 同族专利单项服务individual survey for family 同族（专利）单项调查industrial applicability of invention 发明的工业实用性industrial design 工业品外观设计industrial development patents 工业发展专利权industrial monopoly 工业独占工业专利informal application 非正式的申请infringing use 侵权使用initial down payment 入门费abandonment of a patent application 放弃专利申请application awaiting examination 待审查的申请innocent infringement 非有意侵权INPADOC Data Base 国际专利文献中心数据库INPADOC Patent Gazette 国际专利文献中心的专利公报inspection of the patent register 专利登记簿的查阅institute of patent agents 专利代理人协会institute of patentees and inventors 专利权人和发明人协会institute of trademark agents 商标代理人协会insufficient disclosure 不充分公开intellectual property 知识产权intention of clause 条款的意旨application document 申请案文件inter-dependence of patent 专利的互相依赖性interdependent patents 相互依存的专利interfering application 抵触的申请interfering patent 抵触的专利interfering patentee 抵触的专利权人international application 国际申请International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks 商标注册用的商品和服务国际分类法International Convention on Patents 国际专利权公约International Patent Classification 国际专利分类international registration of marks 商标的国际注册申请文件invention and creation 发明创造invention of employee 雇员发明引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第3页共同发明 joint invention共同发明人 co-inventorjoint inventor共同申请 joint application共同申请人 co-applicant共同使用权 right of joint use共同使用人 co-userbrand name 商标名称joint user共同市场欧洲专利公约 Convention for the European Patent for the Common Market共同所有人 co-proprietorjoint owner共同体专利 community patent共享专利协定 patent pool agreement共有专利 joint patent构思日期 conception date雇员发明 employee inventioninvention of employeebrief description of invention 发明的简要说明国别专利目录 national catalog of patents国际代理人 world wide agent国际申请 international application国际专利分类 International Patent Classification国际专利权公约 International Convention on Patents国际专利文献中心的专利公报 INPADOC Patent Gazette国际专利文献中心数据库 INPADOC Data Base国家申请 national application国家收费 national fee国家注册 national registrationBritish patent 英国专利国家专利 national patent国家专利馆藏 state patent collection国内申请 domestic application合同生效 entry into force of the contract後来的申请 subsequent application互惠许可证 reciprocal license恢复申请 application for restoration机械专利 mechanical patent基本申请编号 basic requisition number基本专利 basic patent引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第4页母专利 parent patent欧洲专利公约 European Patent Convention欧洲专利通报 European Patent Report批准程序 granting procedure批准专利的障碍 bar to patent grantCanadian Patent 加拿大专利批准专利国 patent country欺骗性仿制 fraudulent imitation企业中的专利管理 patent management in enterprises企业专利工作 patent work in enterprises前景发明 foreground invention潜在技术 potential technology潜在申请人 potential applicant强行规定 cogent provision侵犯商标（权）的诉讼 action for infringement of a mark侵犯外观设计的诉讼 action for infringement of an industrial design cancellation of trade mark 商标取消侵犯专利（权）的诉讼 action for infringement of a patent侵权的损害赔偿金 damages for infringement侵权的通知 notice of infringement侵权使用 infringing use侵权诉讼案的被告 defendant in an infringement请求复审 reqest for re-examination请求国际（申请）初步审查 demand for international preliminary examination请求审查 petition for examinationrequest for examination请求书 petitioncancellation of utility models 实用新型的取消请求书格式 form of request全文专利文档 full text patent documents权利辩护 defense of right权利的剥夺 deprivation of a right权利的前所有人 former proprietor of a right权利的适当保护 appropriate protection of a right权利丧失 loss of a right权项 claim缺乏发明单一性 lack unity of invention缺乏新颖性 lack of noveltycarry out an invention 实施发明确定发明人的身份 determining the identity of the inventor确立要求保护的范围 define the limite of the protection claimed引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第5页delay in issue 延迟颁发delay payment of the official 延期支付法定费用delayed examination 推迟的审查delayed filing 延迟申请admissibility of trade mark 准许商标注册的条件demand for international preliminary examination 请求国际（申请）初步审查demand for renewal 要求续展demand the assignment of a right 要求转让权利department of patent administration 专利管理部dependent invention 从属发明dependent patent 从属专利depreciation on franchises 专利折旧deprivation of a right 权利的剥夺description of invention 发明说明书description of trademark 商标说明advanced patent course 高级专利进修班descriptive trademark 图形商标design act 外观设计法design application 外观设计申请design law 外观设计法design patent 设计专利外观设计专利design register 外观设计注册簿designated office 指定局指定国designation of agent 代理人的指派affixation of a mark on goods 在商品上缀附商标detailed description of invention 发明的详细说明determination of patentability 专利性的确定determining the identity of the inventor 确定发明人的身份dicision of a patent application 专利申请的分类案diminish the protection granted to the trademark 缩短对商标的保护direct license 直接许可证disclosure of invention 发明的公开discretionary clause 自由处理条款discretionary power 自由处理权力discretionary provision 自由处理规定aggregate value of invention 发明的总价值discriminating conduct 辨别方法dispense with royalties 免除使用费引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第6页distinctive feature 显着特点distinctive mark 显着的商标division of applications 申请的分案document code 文件代码domestic application 国内申请domestic filing data 本国申请项目dominant patent 主专利double patent 重复授予专利alienate a right 转让权利复本duty of secrecy 保密义务earlier application 较早的申请earlier publication of a patent application 专利申请的早期公开economic patent 经济专利economic usefulness 经济实用性effect of grant of patent 授予专利权的效力effect of invalidation 宣告无效的效力effect of patent 专利的效力effect of trademark 商标效力allegation of a patent 专利的主张effective date 生效日期effective filing date 实际申请日期emblem in trade mark 商标中的标志emblem of sovereignty 主权标志employee invention 雇员发明endorsement of patent 专利特许enforce a rule 施行规则entry into force of the contract 合同生效entry year 登记年essence of invention 发明的实质alleged new invention 宣称的新发明essential part of mark 商标主要部分establishment procedure of the patent agencies 专利代理机构的审批权限European Patent Convention 欧洲专利公约European Patent Report 欧洲专利通报eventual utility model application 最终的实用新型申请ex rights 无权利examination as to novelty 新颖性审查examination as to substance 实质审查examination board 审查委员会引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第7页patent of introduction 进口专利引进专利patent of invention 发明专利patent of revalidation 再效专利patent of utility model 实用新型专利patent office 专利局patent owner 专利所有人patent pending 专利未决application refused 已被拒绝的申请patent policy 专利政策patent pool agreement 共享专利协定patent pool 专利共享patent pooling system 专利共享制度patent property 专利产权patent protection 专利保护patent register 专利登记簿patent regulation 专利实施细则patent renewed 续展专利patent report 专利报告application regulation 申请规则patent royalty 专利权使用费patent rules 专利实施细则patent search 专利调查patent specification 专利说明书patent system 专利制patent watching search 专利的监视性检索patent work in enterprises 企业专利工作patent work system 专利工作体系patent work 专利工作patent working 专利实施appointed date 指定日专利（权，证，品，件，证书，发明）patentability 专利性patented article 专利物品patented invention 专利发明patented inventor 自称的发明人patented method 专利方法patented product 专利产品patented technology 专利技术patentee code 专利权人代码引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第8页false marking 虚假标志field of application 申请的领域figurative element of mark 商标的图形要素figurative mark 图形商标file wrapper 文档夹files of the case in court 在审案的文档an application filing 提出申请filing date of application 申请提出日filing office 受理处filing patent applications in foreign countries 向外国申请专利final date 最终日final fee 最後年费final registration 最後登记final term 最终期限find anticipation 发现占先first application 第一次申请first foreign application 第一次国外申请announcement of invalidation of patent right 宣告专利权无效first inventor 第一个发明人first period of protection 第一个保护期first to file system 先申请制first to file 先申请first to invent principle 先发明原则first to invent system 先发明制first to invent 先发明first using right 先用权foreground invention 前景发明foreign application 外国申请annual maintenance for a patent application 专利申请的每年维持费foreign filing authorization 授权向国外申请foreign patent 外国专利foreign protection 外国保护foreign protective right 外国的保护权forfeited application 已丧失的申请form of application 申请表form of request 请求书格式formal examination 形式审查former proprietor of a right 权利的前所有人former states 在先的状态anticipate an invention 占先的发明引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第10页correspending report 相应的报告转让申明 declaration of assignment转让申请 assign an application转让手续费 transfer fee转让专利 assign a patent转送费 transmittal fee准许商标注册的条件 admissibility of trade mark准许申请 allowing an application资料交换协议 date exchange agreement自称的发明人 patented inventor自留本本国副本nhome copyadditional application 增补申请corresponding patent search 相应的专利检索自然专利 natural monopoly自由处理规定 discretionary provision自由处理权力 discretionary power自由处理条款 discretionary clause自愿许可（证） voluntary license自愿转让 voluntary conveyance综合专利索引 general patent index总公约巴黎公约ngeneral convertion组合商标 combined trademark最初的审查员 prime examinercorroboration of invention 发明人的确证最後登记 final registration最後年费 final fee最後位置规则 last place rule最惠条款 most-favo(u)red provision最早日期 at the earliest date最终的实用新型申请 eventual utility model application 最终期限 final term最终日 final date作者证书 author's certificatecountry of priority 优先权国家co-user 共同使用人criterion of patentability 专利性的标准damages for infringement 侵权的损害赔偿金data of printing 印刷日date exchange agreement 资料交换协议date of application 申请日date of commencement of the main patent 主专利的开始日引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第11页本国专利馆藏 national patent collectionauxiliary utility model 辅助性实用新型辨别方法 discriminating conduct伯尔尼公约 Berne Convention不充分公开 insufficient disclosure不道德的发明 immoral invention不能转让的权利 non-transferable right不完全公开 incomplete disclosure不完整的申请 incomplete application部分所有人 part owner部分专利 partial monopoly参与侵权 contributory infringementbackground of invention 发明的背景产品专利 product patent撤回权 right of withdrawalright to recall撤回声明 declaration of withdrawal撤回通知 notice of withdrawal撤回指定 withdrawal of designation陈列日 date of display持有人 bearerholder出版公布年 year of publicationbankruptcy of patentee 专利权人的破产出版数据的管理查询 administering of publication data retrievaling初步驳回 preliminary rejection初步可行性研究 pre-feasibility study初步审查 preliminary examination初步审查费 preliminary examination fee次要专利 minor patent从属发明 dependent invention从属专利 dependent patent答复时间 time for replying代理权 power representbar of patentability 专利性的障碍代理人的指定 appointment of representative代理人的指派 designation of agent代理人姓名 name of agent待审查的申请 application awaiting examination待审批的申请 pending application引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第12页license 许可证专利申请书licensed technology 许可转让的技术许可方list of prior art documents separating from descriptive text 说明书以外的先有技术文件目录Locarno Agreement 洛加诺协定lodging of application 提出异议loss of a right 权利丧失loss of right 优先权丧失Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks 商标国际注册马德里协定main application 主申请main patent 主专利application for petty patent 小专利申请main title 主要名称maintenance in force of the patent 维持专利权有效manual for the handing of patent application 专利申请处理手册制造厂商标master patent 主专利mechanical patent 机械专利minor patent 次要专利mission of patent agency 专利代理的任务mode of execution 实施方式model utility 实用新型application for registration 申请注册monopoly power 独占权most-favo(u)red provision 最惠条款multiple applicant 多个申请人multiple deposit 多重保存multiple priorities 多项优先权name of agent 代理人姓名name of applicant 申请人姓名name of grantee 被授予专利权人姓名name of inventor 发明人姓名national application 国家申请注册申请national catalog of patents 国别专利目录national fee 国家收费national mark 本国商标national patent collection 本国专利馆藏national patent 国家专利引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第13页发明的工业实用性 industrial applicability of invention 发明的公开 disclosure of invention发明的简要说明 brief description of invention发明的利益 benefit of invention发明的利用 exploitation of invention发明的实质 essence of invention发明的特点 characteristic feature of invention发明的详细说明 detailed description of invention发明的新颖性 novely of inventionabuse of monopoly 独占权的滥用持有人发明的性质 nature of invention发明的总价值 aggregate value of invention发明构思 inventive concept发明人 auther of inventioninventor发明人的确证 corroboration of invention发明人的声明 declaration of inventorship发明人姓名 name of inventor发明人与专利人索引 index of inventor and patentee发明人证书 inventor certificatebelated opposition 延误的异议发明说明书 description of invention发明物 invention发明项目 object of invention发明摘要 abstract of invention发明者 inventororiginator发明专利 patent of invention发明专利权 patent for invention发现占先 find anticipation发行年 year of issuebenefit of invention 发明的利益发证费 issuance fee发证日 date of issue法定权限 official competence方法专利 process patent防卫性公布程序 defensive publication program放弃申请 abandend application放弃专利权 abandonment of a patent引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第14页植物专利 plant patent纸面专利 paper patent指定国 designated state指定局 designated office指定日 appointed date指定日期 appointed daycomptroller general of patent 专利局长制造厂商标 manufacturer's brand中国专利权 Chinese patent right终止和期满的专利 patent ceased and expired终止专利 lapsed patent重复授予专利 double patent主权标志 emblem of sovereignty主任审查员 examiner in chief主申请 main applicationparent application主要名称 main titleconception date 构思日期主专利 dominant patentmain patentmaster patentprinciple patent主专利的开始日 date of commencement of the main patent 注册簿 register注册登记 registerregistration注册登记号 number of registration注册期间 period of registrationconcurrent application 同时（提出的）申请注册日 date of registration注册申请 application for registration注册所有人 owner of registration专利（权，证，品，件，证书，发明） patent专利案件 patent case专利保护 patent protection专利保护范围 scope of patent protection专利保护类别 categories of patent专利报告 patent report专利标记 patent markingconditions of patentability 专利性的条件专利表格 patents sheet引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第15页在本国申请 application in home country在後的申请 later applicationcomplete application 完整的申请在後的选定 later election在商品上缀附商标 affixation of a mark on goods在审案的文档 files of the case in court在先的发明人 prior inventor在先的专利 prior patent在先的状态 former states在先申请人 prior applicant在先要求 prior claiming在专利局听证 hearing before the patent office在专利中要求保护 claimed in a patentcomplete description 完整的说明暂时保护 temporary protection增补申请 additional application增补实用证书 utility certificate of addition增补专利 additional patent诈取发明人的奖金 defraud the inventor of his award 展览优先权 exibition priority占先的发明 anticipate an invention占先的专利 anticipatory patent障碍的消除 vanishing of impediment真正的所有人 true ownercomplete patent specification 完整的专利说明书真正的最先发明人 true and first inventor正商标 original trademark证明商标 certification mark证明条款 attestation clause证实的译文 attested translation政府发明 government invention政府所有的发明 government-owned inventions政府所有的申请 government-owned application政府专利 public monopoly支付款项的放弃 waiver of paymentaction for infringement of a patent 侵犯专利（权）的诉讼complete spesification 完整的说明书支付申请人的费用 defray the applicant's fees支配专利 basic patent知识产权 intellectual property直接许可证 direct license引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第16页patent class 专利类目patent commissioner 专利局长patent cooperation treaty 专利合作条约申请表patent country 批准专利国patent description 专利说明书patent disputes 专利争议patent document 专利文件patent duties 专利义务patent examiner 专利审查员patent examining procedure 专利审查程序patent expired 专利有效期满patent families 同族专利patent family 专利族application in home country 在本国申请patent fee 专利费patent file 专利文档patent for invention 发明专利权Patent Gazette for Utility Models 《实用新型专利公报》patent gazette 专利公报patent holder 专利持有者专利权人专有权持有人patent implementing regulations 专利实施法规patent implementing rules 专利实施规章application number 申请号patent in force 生效的专利patent licence 专利许可证patent licence-agreement 专利特许协议patent license-agreement 专利许可合同patent list 专利目录patent management in enterprises 企业中的专利管理patent marking 专利标记patent matters 专利事务patent number index 专利号索引patent number 专利号abandonment of patent privileges 专利特权的放弃application paper 申请文件patent of importation 输入专利patent of improvement 改进（的）专利引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第17页许可证接受人 grantee of license许可转让的技术 licensed technology续展费 renewal fee续展期间 period of renewal续展期限 renewal term续展申请 renewal applicationaction for infringement of a mark 侵犯商标（权）的诉讼co-inventor 共同发明人续展专利 patent renewed宣称的新发明 alleged new invention宣告无效的理由 ground for invalidation宣告无效的声明 declaration of nullity宣告无效的效力 effect of invalidation宣告专利权无效 announcement of invalidation of patent right 宣示性判决 declaration judgement选择发明 selection invention选择申请人（检索）服务 selected applicant service延长保护期 extension of pretection色码制延长时间 period of extension延迟颁发 delay in issue延迟期间 period of delay延迟申请 delayed filing延迟审查 deferred examination延付金额 deferred sum延期支付法定费用 delay payment of the official延误的异议 belated opposition要求保护的发明 claimed invention要求承认（对发明的）所有权 claiming ownershipcombined trademark 组合商标要求承认优先权 claim the right of priority要求的放弃 waiver of requirement要求续展 demand for renewal要求转让权利 demand the assignment of a right一般法 general law已被拒绝的申请 application refused已丧失的申请 forfeited application已申请专利 patent applied for已终止专利 lapsed patent已转让的申请 assigned applicationcommittee of experts on patents 专利事务专家委员会引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第18页patentee 专利登记人appointed day 指定日期专利取得人专利权人patentor 授与专利的人授予专利的机关专利权授与者patents ceased through nonpayment of renewal fees 因未付续展费而终止的专利patents registration 专利登记patents sheet 专利表格payment of fee 费用缴纳pending application 待审批的申请appointment of patent agent 专利代理人的指定未决申请period of delay 延迟期间period of extension 延长时间period of priority 优先（权）期间period of registration 注册期间period of renewal 续展期间person challanged 被异议人petition for examination 请求审查petition 请求书petty patent 小专利appointment of representative 代理人的指定pioneer invention 开创性发明pioneer patent 开创性专利plant patent 植物专利plea of nullity 无效抗辩potential applicant 潜在申请人potential technology 潜在技术power represent 代理权pre-feasibility study 初步可行性研究preliminary examination fee 初步审查费preliminary examination 初步审查appropriate protection of a right 权利的适当保护预先审查preliminary rejection 初步驳回presumed inventor 推定发明人previous application 以前的申请previous right 先前的权利引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第19页确认专利 confirmation patent日本专利分类法 Japan Patent Classification入藏登记 accession入藏登记号索引《Accession Number Index》入门费 initial down payment瑞士专利 Swiss Patent 色码制 colo(u)r coding 善意使用 bona fide usecategories of patent 专利保护类别商标（注册）申请 application for trademarktrademark application商标保护 trademark protection商标代理人协会 institute of trademark agents商标的国际注册 international registration of marks商标的图形要素 figurative element of mark商标公报 trademark gazette商标国际注册马德里协定 Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks商标名称 brand name商标侵权 trademark infringe mentcertificate of correction 更正证明书商标取消 cancellation of trade mark商标权 trademark right商标申请权的获得 acquisition of the right to a mark商标说明 description of trademark商标诉讼 trademark litigation商标所有权 ownership of trademark商标所有人 owner of trademark商标图形要素国际分类表维也纳协定nInternational Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks商标效力 effect of trademark商标异议 trademark appositionaccomplishment of a search 完成检索certificate of patent 专利证商标中的标志 emblem in trade mark商标主要部分 essential part of mark商标注册 registration of trademark商标注册簿 trademark register商标注册人 trademark registrant商标注册日 date of the registration of a mark商标注册条约 Trademark Registration Treaty商标注册用的商品和服务国际分类法 International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks商标注册用的商品及服务国际分类尼斯协定 Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks专利产权英语词汇第20页已转让的专利 assigned patent以前的申请 previous application以说明书为依据的权利要求 claim supported by the description以未付款为理由 by reason of non-payment异议程序 opposition procedure异议费 opposition fee异议期间 opposition period异议人 opponent异议通知 notice of opposition异议文件 opposition documentcommunity patent 共同体专利异议一方 party in opposition意图使用商标的声明 declaration of intent to use a mark因分类而增加收费 increase in fees due to classification因未付续展费而终止的专利 patents ceased through nonpayment of renewal fees音响商标 sound mark引进专利 patent of introduction印刷日 data of printing英国专利 British patent优先（权）的利益 benefit of priority优先（权）期间 period of prioritycompetence of the patent division 专利处的权限priority interval优先权国家 country of priority优先权丧失 loss of right优先权声明 prioity claim有关的分案申请 related by division(s)有关的继续申请 related by continuation(s)有关的再公告专利 related by reissue(s)有关的增补申请 related by addition(s)有效期满专利 expired patentlapsed patentcompeting technology 竞争性技术有优先权申请的号码 numbers assigned to priority application(s)有优先权申请的申请日 dates of filing priority application(s)与国际条约有关的识别项目 identification of data related international conventions与文件有关的当事人事项 identification of parties concerned with the document预先审查 preliminary examination再公告 reissue再公告专利 reissue patent再效专利 patent of revalidation引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第21页national registration 国家注册自然专利nature of invention 发明的性质negate novelty 否定新颖性network of patents 专利权网abandonment of a patent 放弃专利权application for restoration 恢复申请new invention 新发明new products monopoly 新产品专利Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks 商标注册用的商品及服务国际分类尼斯协定non-contest clause 无争议条款non-convention application 非（巴黎）公约（国家）的申请non-distinctive trademark 无显着性的商标non-exclusive licence 非独占许可（证）non-fulfilment 未履行non-patent ability 无专利性non-published technology 未公布技术application for the grant of a patent 申请授予专利权non-service invention 非职务发明non-transferable right 不能转让的权利non-voluntary licence 非自愿许可（证）受理的通知notice of delivery 送达通知notice of infringement 侵权的通知notice of opposition 异议通知notice of withdrawal 撤回通知notification on formal insufficiencies 形式不合格的通知novel invention 新发明application for the protection of an invention 申请保护发明novelty report 新颖性报告novely of invention发明的新颖性number of application 申请号number of registration 注册登记号number of the document 文件号numbers assigned to priority application(s) 有优先权申请的号码object of invention 发明项目obligation of patent agent 专利代理人责任obvious invention 显而易见的发明office action 专利局审查决定书application for the reissure of a patent 申请重新颁发专利专利产权英语词汇第22页prime examiner 最初的审查员principle patent 主专利prioity claim 优先权声明prior applicant 在先申请人prior claiming 在先要求assign a mark 转让商标prior inventor 在先的发明人prior patent 在先的专利priority interval 优先（权）期间process patent 方法专利processing of application 申请案的处理product patent 产品专利proprietary article 专利品proprietary technology 专有技术政府专利publication fee 公布费assign a patent 转让专利reciprocal license 互惠许可证recording of patent license contract 专利许可合同备案regional centre for technology transfer 技术转让地区中心regional patent 地区专利register of patent 专利登记注册簿注册登记registration certificate 登记证registration number 登记号registration of patent 专利登记abridgement of patents 专利说明书摘要assign a trade name 转让厂商名称registration of trademark 商标注册登记证注册登记reissue patent 再公告专利reissue 再公告related by addition(s) 有关的增补申请related by continuation(s) 有关的继续申请related by division(s) 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副代理人sunstsantive patent law 专利实体法surrender of patent 专有权的放弃Swiss Patent 瑞士专利system for checking on patent agents 专利代理人的考核引用网址：专利产权英语词汇第24页单一专利 unitary patent当然许可证 license of right登记号 registration number登记年 entry year登记日 date of entrybar to patent grant 批准专利的障碍登记证 registrationregistration certificate抵触的申请 conflicing applicationinterfering application抵触的专利 conflicting patentinterfering patent抵触的专利权人 interfering patentee地区专利 regional patent第一次国外申请 first foreign application第一次申请 first applicationbasic patent 基本专利第一个保护期 first period of protection第一个发明人 first inventor电子文件申请 patent application by electronic carrier 独家许可证 sole license独立发明 independent invention独立发明人 independent inventor独立申请 independent application独立专利 independent patent独占权 exclusive rightmonopoly power支配专利独占权的滥用 abuse of monopoly独占专利 exclusive patent多个申请人 multiple applicant多项优先权 multiple priorities多重保存 multiple deposit发明 invention发明创造 invention and creation发明的 inventive发明的背景 background of invention发明的单一性 unity of invention。

专业英语词汇第一节FDA和EDQM术语一、简写：FDA：Food and Drug Administration 食品药品管理局EDQM：European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines 欧洲药品质量管理局ChP：Chinese Pharmacopoeia 中国药典USP：The United States Pharmacopoeia 美国药典NF：The National Formulary 国家处方集BP：British Pharmacopoeia 英国药典Ph.Eup：European Pharmacopoeia 欧洲药典Ph.Int：The International Pharmacopoeia 国际药典GLP：Good Laboratory Practice 药品实验研究规范GMP：Good Manufacture Practice 药品生产质量规范GSP：Good Supply Practice 药品经营质量规范GCP：Good Clinical Practice 药品临床试验规范INN：international nonproprietary name 国际非专业名称LD50：half lethal dose；median lethal dose 半数致死量LD100：absolute lethal dose 绝对致死量二、词汇：clinical trial：临床试验accelerated approval：加速批准animal trial：动物实验preparing and submitting：起草和申报standard drug：标准药物established name：确定的名称investigator：调查员drug product：药物产品submission：申报、递交generic name：非专有名称benefit(s)：受益drug substance：原料药物risk(s)：受害proprietary name：专有名称adverse effect：副作用adverse reaction：不良反应protocol：协议、草案archival copy：存档副本review copy：审查用副本identify：鉴别placebo：安慰剂agency：审理部门labeled amount：标示量strength：规格第二节医药学专业词汇一、医药学专业课程英文：Medicine：医学Internal Medicine：内科学Surgery：外科学Pediatrics：儿科学Gynecology：妇科学Diagnosis：诊断学Pathology：病理学Physiology：生理学Pathphysiology：病理生理学Anatomy：解剖学Human Anatomy and Physiology：人体生理解剖学Histology：组织学Embryology：胚胎学Histology and Embryology：组胚学Genetics Cell：遗传学BiologyMolecular Biology：分子生物学Immunology：免疫学Statistics Microbiology：卫生统计学Medical Genetics：医学遗传学Physics：物理学Medical Statistics：医学统计学Medical Immunology：医学免疫学Medical Cell Biology：医学细胞生物学Medical Microbiology：医学微生物学Medical Molecular Biology：医学分子生物学Mathematics：数学Higher Mathematics：高等数学Advanced Mathematics：高数Biochemistry：生物化学Medical Physics：医用物理学Medical Advanced Mathematics：医用高等数学Parasitology：寄生虫学Essential Chemistry：基础化学Medical Psychology：心理学Epidemiology：流行病学Image：影像学Diagnosis：诊断学Psychiatry：精神病学Neurology：神经病学Infectionology：传染病学Ophthalmology：眼科学Dermatology：皮肤病学Dermatology and Venereology：皮肤性病学Anesthesia：麻醉学Otorhinolaryngology：耳鼻喉学Oral science：口腔学Endocrinology：内分泌学Preventive Medicine：预防医学Surgical Nursing：外科护士Radiology：放射学radiotoxicology：放射毒理学radiopharmaceutics：放射药理学Osteopathic Medicine：骨科医学Dental Sciences：牙科学Pharmacy：药剂学Pharmacology：药理学Medicinal Chemistry：药物化学Pharmaceutics：药剂Physical Chemistry：物理化学Natural Medicinal Chemistry：天然药物化学Pharmacognosy：生药学toxicology：毒理学Pharmaceutical analysis：药物分析Pharmacy Administration：药事管理学Organic Chemistry：有机化学Inorganic Chemistry：无机化学Traditional Mongolia Medicine：蒙药学Traditional Chinese Medicine：中药学Chinese Herb Medicine ：中草学Molecular pharmacology：分子药理学industrial pharmacy：工业药剂学Quantum pharmacology：量子药学Clinical pharmacology：临床药理学Chlinical pharmacy：临床药学Chronopharmacology：时辰药理学Pharmacogenetics：药学遗传学Pharmacodynamics：药动学pharmacokinetics：药代学二、医学词汇：人体器官英语词汇：head 头throat 喉chest 胸部abdomen 腹部thigh 大腿neck 颈部shoulder 肩部back 背部waist 腰部hip臀部wisdom tooth 智牙skull 头颅collarbone 锁骨rib 肋骨backbone 脊柱shoulder joint 肩关节shoulder blade 肩峰breastbone 胸骨elbow joint 肘关节kneecap 膝盖骨bone 骨骼skeleton 骨骼muscle 肌肉joint 关节blood vessel 血管vein 静脉artery 动脉capillary 毛细血管nerve 神经spinal marrow 脊髓brain 大脑respiration 呼吸windpipe 气管lung 肺heart 心脏exhale 呼气inhale 吸气internal organs 内脏gullet 食道stomach 胃liver 肝脏gall bladder 胆囊pancreas 胰腺spleen 脾脏duodenum 十二指肠small intestine 小肠large intestine 大肠blind gut 盲肠vermiform 蠕虫appendix 阑尾rectum 直肠chew 咀嚼swallow 吞咽digest 消化absord 吸收discharge 排放excrement 粪便kidney 肾脏bladder 膀胱intelligence 智力各种常见疾病的表达：Headache 头痛cold 感冒hepatitis 肝炎Pneumonia 肺炎cough 咳嗽trachitis 气管炎brain fever/meningitis脑膜炎cystitis 膀胱炎gastritis 胃炎acute gastritis 急性胃炎mastitis 乳腺炎bronchitis 支气管炎appendicitis 阑尾炎gastroenteritis 肠胃炎tumor 肿瘤bird flu/avian influenza 禽流感cancer 癌症leukemia 白血病SARS(Severe Acute Respiratary Syndrome) 非典型肺炎AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome，AIDS) 艾滋病black death 黑死病mad cow disease 疯牛病influenza 流感cataract 白内障rabies 狂犬病stroke 休克coronary heart disease 冠心病diabetes 糖尿病lung cancer 肺癌liver cancer 肝癌pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核hepatocirrhosis 肝硬化chronic 慢性的cancer of stomach 胃癌stomach trouble 胃炎heart disease 心脏病fever发热amnesia 健忘症anemia, anaemia 贫血angina pectoris 心绞痛appendicitis 阑尾炎arthritis 关节炎bird flu, avian flu 禽流感bronchitis 支气管炎cancer 癌症cervicitis 子宫颈炎cold 感冒epilepsy 癫痫gout 痛风headache 头痛hemiplegy, hemiplegia 偏瘫icterus, jaundice 黄疸indigestion 消化不良influenza, flu 流感insanity 精神病insomnia 失眠症leukemia 白血病lupus 狼疮lupus erythematosus (LE) 红斑狼疮malnutrition 营养不良migraine, splitting headache 偏头痛neuralgia 神经病miocardial infarction 心肌梗塞neurasthenia 神经衰弱paralysis 麻痹peritonitis 腹膜炎pharyngitis 咽炎syncope 晕厥tetanus 破伤风tumour, tumor 肿瘤（三）化学元素名称的表达：Hydrogen 氢Helium he Carbon 碳Nitrogen 氮Oxygen 氧Sodium 钠Fluorine 佛Magnesium 镁Aluminum铝Phosphorus 磷Sulfur 硫Chlorine 氯Potassium 钾Calcium 钙Iron铁Copper 铜Zinc 锌Bromine溴Silver 银Iodine 碘Barium钡Gold 金Mercury 汞Lead 铅。

The topological approach to perceptual organizationLin ChenKey Laboratory of Cognitive Science,Graduate School and Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,ChinaTo address the fundamental question of``what are the primitives of visual per-ception'',a theory of topological structure and functional hierarchy in visual perception has been proposed.This holds that the global nature of perceptual organization can be described in terms of topological invariants,global topological perception is prior to the perception of other featural properties,and the primitives of visual form perception are geometric invariants at different levels of structural stability.I n Part Iof this paper,Iwill illustrate why and how the topological approach to perceptual organization has been advanced.In Part II,I will provide empirical evidence supporting the early topological perception,while answering some commonly considered counteraccounts.In Part III,to complete the theory,I will apply the mathematics of tolerance spaces to describe global properties in discrete sets.In Part IV,I will further present experimental data to demonstrate the global-to-local functional hierarchy in form perception,which is stratified with respect to structural stability defined by Klein's Erlangen Program.Finally,in Part V,Iwill discuss relations of the global-to-local topological model to other theories:The topological approach reformulates both classical Gestalt holism and Gibson's direct perception of invariance,while providing a challenge to com-putational approaches to vision based on the local-to-global assumption.INTRODUCTIONA great divide:Local-to-global vs.global-to-localAs a Chinese proverb says:Everything is difficult at its very beginning. Historically,major schools of vision diverge in their answers to the question of ``Where visual processing begins?''(Pomerantz,1981)or``What are the pri-mitives of visual perception?''(Chen,1982).The question is so fundamental and also so controversial as to serve as a watershed,a Great Divide,separatingPlease address all correspondence to:Lin Chen,Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science,Graduate School and Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,15Datun Road,Beijing100101, China.Email:chenl@Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China Grant(697900800);Ministry of Science and Technology of China Grant(1998030503);Chinese Academy of Sciences Grants (KGCX2-SW-101,KJCX1-07).This work was partly done during author's sabbaticals,at Institute of Medical Psychology,University of Munich,and at National Institute of Mental Health./journals/pp/13506285.html DOI:10.1080/13506280444000256554CHENtwo most basic and sharply contrasting lines of thinking in the study of perception.Early feature analysis:Local-to-global.On one side of the Great Divide,the early feature-analytic viewpoint holds that perceptual processing is from local to global:Objects are initially decomposed into separable properties and components,and only in subsequent processes are objects recognized,on the basis of the extracted features.The computational approach to vision by Marr (1982),representative of``early feature-analysis''viewpoint,claims that the primitives of visual-information representation are simple components of forms and their local geometric properties,such as,typically,line segments with slopes. Early holistic registration:Global-to-local.On the other side of the Great Divide,the viewpoint of early holistic registration claims that perceptual processing is from global to local:Wholes are coded prior to perceptual analysis of their separable properties or parts,as indicated by the conception of perceptual organization in Gestalt psychology.As we will see in the following discussion,with respect to the fundamental question of``Where to begin'',the core contribution of the Gestalt idea goes far beyond the notion that``Whole is more than the simple sum of it parts'';rather it is that``Holistic registration is prior to local analysis''.The idea of early feature analysis has gained wide acceptance,and dominates much of the current study of visual cognition.Intuitively,it seems to be natural and reasonable that visual processing begins with analysing simple components and their local geometric properties,typically as line segments with slopes,as they are readily to be considered physically simple and computationally easy. An underlying idea of Marr's computational system of vision was,in Marr's own words,``In the early stages of the analysis of an image,the representations used depend more on what it is possible to compute from an image than on what is ultimately desirable.''(Marr,1978).Nevertheless,a starting point of the present paper is that physically or computationally simple doesn't necessarily mean psychologically simple or perceptually primitive;therefore,the question of which variables are perceptual primitives is not a question answered primarily by logical reasoning or analysis of computational complexity but rather by empirical findings.Topological structure and functional hierarchyinform perceptionTo address the fundamental question of what are the primitives of visual percep-tion,based on a fairly large set of data on perceptual organization reviewed here,a theory of``early topological perception''has been proposed.This holds that:GLOBAL TO LOCAL TOPOLOGICAL PERCEPTION555A primitive and general function of the visual system is the perception of topo-logical properties.The time dependence of perceiving form properties is system-atically related to their structural stability under change,in a manner similar to Klein's hierarchy of geometries;in particular,topological perception(based on physical connectivity)is prior to the perception of other geometrical properties.The invariants at different geometrical levels are the primitives of visual form perception.These include,in a descending order of stability(from global to local), topological,projective,affine,and Euclidean geometrical invariants.The topological approach is based on one core idea and includes two main aspects.The core idea is that perceptual organization should be understood in the perspective of transformation and perception of invar-iance over transformation.The first aspect emphasizes the topological struc-ture in form perception,namely,that the global nature of perceptual organization can be described in terms of topological invariants.The sec-ond aspect further highlights early topological perception,namely,that topo-logical perception is prior to perception of local featural properties.The ``prior''has two strict meanings:First,it implies that global organizations, determined by topology,are the basis that perception of local geometrical properties depends on;and second,topological perception(based on physi-cal connectivity)occurs earlier than the perception of local geometrical properties.The hypothesis of early topological perception led to a major finding that the relative perceptual salience of different geometric properties is remarkably consistent with the hierarchy of geometries according to Klein's Erlangen Program(see Part II and IV),which stratifies geometries in terms of their relative stability over transformations.Based on the finding,a functional hier-archy in form perception has been established as a formal and systematic definition of``global-to-local''relations:A property is considered more global (or stable)the more general the transformation group is,under which this property remains invariant;relative to geometrical transformations,the topolo-gical transformation is the most general and hence topological properties are the most global.The framework of the topological structure and functional hierarchy high-lights a fundamental empirical prediction,namely a time dependence of per-ceiving form properties,in which visual processing is from global to local:The more global a form invariant is the earlier its perception occurs,with topological perception being the most global and occurring earliest.The framework further highlights a series of novel empirical predictions about long-standing issues related to the study of perceptual organization,and many Gestalt-type phe-nomena in form perception may be explained in this unified manner.They include the following examples:556CHEN.With respect to the relationship between different organizational factors, proximity is the most fundamental organizational factor(even in comparison with uniform connectivity;Palmer&Rock,1994)(see Part III),and there is a time course of processing different organizational principles:Proximity precedes similarity,and topological similarity precedes similarity of local geometric properties(see Part VI)..Early topological perception predicts the visual sensitivity to distinction made in topology.For example,two stimuli that are topologically different are more discriminable under a near-threshold condition than are other pairs of forms that are topologically equivalent despite their difference in local features(see Part II)..With respect to the question of whether motion perception precedes form perception or vice versa,topological discrimination should occur earlier than and determine motion perception(see Part II)..Configural superiority effects(Pomerantz,1981)demonstrated by configural relations between line segments,such as the``triangle±arrow pair'',may simply demonstrate the superiority effect for perception of holes over indi-vidual line segments(see Part IV)..With respect to``global precedence''(Navon,1977),according to the functional hierarchy,the performance advantage for compound letters is quite straightforward:Global precedence reflects the primacy of proximity in perceptual organization(see Part III)..If topological properties are primitive,illusory conjunctions(Treisman& Gelade,1980)of topological properties,such as holes,should sometimes take place(see Part II)..With respect to the definition of perceptual object,the topological approach ties a formal definition of``object''to invariance over topological trans-formation(see Part I).From this definition,it follows that as an object is moving along and a hole appears in it,this topological change would dis-turb object continuity,while changes of shape and colour wouldn't(Wolfe, personal communication).For example,in an MOT(multiple object track-ing)test(Pylyshyn&Storm,1988;vanMarle&Scholl,2003),attentive tracking processes would be impaired by objects changing topology by getting a hole,while it does not matter if they change local features and colours..With respect to its ecological function and functional anatomy,long-range apparent motion works by abstracting form invariants,and hence is asso-ciating with form perception and activates the ventral pathway in the two visual systems(Ungerleider&Mishkin,1982).Specifically,the fMRIacti-vation should be correlated with the form stability under change(see Parts II and IV)..From the perspective of biological evolution,if topological perception is indeed a fundamental property of vision,one might expect topologicalGLOBAL TO LOCAL TOPOLOGICAL PERCEPTION557 properties to be extracted by all visual systems,including the relativelysimple ones possessed by insects,such as bees(see Part II).In summary,the framework of topological structure and functional hierarchy in form perception provides a new analysis of the fundamental question,i.e., ``What are the primitives of visual perception?'',in which primitives of visual form perception are considered to be geometric invariants(as opposed to simple components of objects,such as line segments)at different levels of structural stability.In the following,I will illustrate why and how the topological approach to perceptual organization has been advanced(Part I);provide empirical evidence supporting the topological perception,while answering some commonly con-sidered counteraccounts(Part II);complete the theory of topological perception, using the mathematics of tolerance spaces that describe global properties in discrete sets(Part III);present experimental data to demonstrate the functional hierarchy in form perception,which is stratified with respect to structural sta-bility defined by Klein's Erlangen Program(Part IV);and finally,discuss relations of early topological perception to other theories,including Gestalt psychology,Gibsonian psychology,and the computational approach(Part V).PART I:WHY AND HOWÐA TOPOLOGICALAPPROACH TO PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATIONA paradoxical problem of``where to put the master map'' Fundamental problems faced by the early feature-analysis approach are typically embodied in a paradoxical problem of``where to put the master map''as posed by the feature-integration theory of Treisman and co-workers(e.g.,Treisman& Gelade,1980).Feature-integration theory,consistent with the early feature-analysis approach,adopts a``two-stage model'':In the first,preattentive stage, primitive features,such as colours and orientations,are abstracted effortlessly and in parallel over the entire visual field,and registered in special modules of feature maps;and in the second,attentive stage,focal attention is required to recombine the separate features to form objects.A master map of locations plays a central role in feature binding by tying the separate feature maps together.Within the master map,a focal attention mechanism selects a filled location,binding the activated features linked to that location together to form a coherent object. Problems for feature-integration theory are,however,represented by the question of where exactly the master map of locations fits into the feature integration mechanism.In Treisman's own words,``I have hedged my bets on where to put the master map of locations by publishing two versions of the figure!In one of them,the location map received the output of the feature558CHENmodules(e.g.,Treisman,1986)and in other is placed at an earlier stage of analysis(e.g.,Treisman,1985;Treisman&Gormican,1988)''(Treisman,1988, pp.203±204).To place the master map of locations at an early stage of analysis,in Treisman's own words,``implies that different dimensions are initially conjoined in a single representation before being separately analysed''(Treisman,1988,pp. 203±204).This contradicts the basic position of early feature analysis.Placing the master map later,however,contradicts some behavioural data.One of the strengths of feature-integration theory is that it draws on a number of major pieces of counterintuitive evidence,including illusory conjunction and visual search, which appear to provide strong support for early feature analysis(e.g.,Treisman &Gelade,1980;Treisman&Gormican,1988).However,it is interesting to see that problems for this theory also arise here(e.g.,for a general review,see Humphreys&Bruce,1989).For example,despite the fact that line segments are commonly considered to be basic features,there is markedly little evidence for illusory conjunction where line segments are miscombined into letter-like objects,when letter shapes and line segments forming the letter shapes are used as stimulus forms(e.g.,Duncan,1984).In contrast,there is much stronger evidence that whole letter shapes migrate across words and produce illusory conjunctions of the entire letter shapes,rather than of line segments making up the letter shapes. These findings indicate that letter shapes,as combinations of line segments, behave psychologically as holistic objects,even though line segments are commonly considered to be basic features.Apparently attention,as it relates to feature binding,is not needed for holistic object perception.This suggests that before a stage of separate featural analysis,there must be a stage of early holistic perception in which objects like letters are coded as wholes.Treisman and co-workers,in their effort to explain these counterexamples, have augmented feature-integration theory with new strategies and new mechanisms of attention,such as``guided search''(e.g.,Wolfe,1994),``map suppression'',and dividing items into different depth planes.Nevertheless,these efforts are not completely successful(e.g.,Duncan&Humphreys,1989)but rather in fact illustrate that,despite the attractions of feature-integration theory, the paradoxical problem of``Where to put the master map''stems directly from the fundamental question of``Where visual processing begins''.Perceptual organization:To reverse back theinverted(upside-down)problem of feature binding Regardless of how an object is decomposed into properties and components,the decomposed features themselves are unlikely to be sufficient for achieving object recognition.Indeed,we do not normally perceive isolated features such as brightness,colours,and orientations free from an object,leading to the con-tention that there must be a further process of feature binding.This problem ofGLOBAL TO LOCAL TOPOLOGICAL PERCEPTION559 feature binding presents a central problem for current vision research in parti-cular,and for parallel and distributed modelling of cognition in general(e.g., MuÈller,Elliott,Herman,&Mecklinger,2001).However,despite the centrality of the issue for perceptual theory,it is questionable whether any breakthrough has been made after extensive efforts. Both spatial and temporal factors have been considered as cues for binding features together.But the principles for feature binding based on either space or time are neither always obeyed nor exclusive.Feature binding and perceptual organization appear to be very similar pro-blems(Duncan,1989)in the sense that both deal with similar processes,such as ``what goes with what'',and with similar concepts,such as belongingness and assignment.It turns out that,even though the early feature-analysis viewpoint emphasizes the fundamental importance of early parallel processing,the issue of perceptual organization remains indispensable.Yet,the concepts of``perceptual organization''and``feature binding''involve very different underlying issues, with the former rooted in the idea of early holistic registration and the latter originating from an assumption of early feature analysis.Thus,with respect to the fundamental question of``Where to begin'',perceptual organization and feature binding can be considered contrary concepts,going in opposite directions.In terms of our understanding of objects in the real word,there may be little disagreement that the real features of an object,whether geometrical or physical, exist together as a coherent whole belonging to one entity in the outside world. The question of how the perceptual system represents perceptual objects as fundamental units of conscious perceptual experience,however,has either given rise to much controversy when considered,or not been considered at all.But the truth remains that real features of a real object,at a given time,originally coexist together rather than being separated;a real object is an integral stimulus,a single thing.This truth is a fundamental property of a real-world object.No one doubts the direct perception of various featural properties such as brightness,colour, line orientation,and so on.Why,then,is only this fundamental property of ``belonging together as a whole''excluded from the membership of primitives in our perceptual world?The assumption that the visual system cannot directly perceive a real integral object has not yet been proved or disproved.Indeed,the continuing challenges to the issues of feature binding suggest that this question deserves closer scrutiny.From the perspective of early holistic registration,the feature-binding pro-blem is an ill-posed question:Not just a question of getting off on a wrong foot but even a question of``standing upside down''.In this sense,the feature-binding problem might be a wrong,inverted question.Kubovy and Pomerantz (1981)commented:``the main problems facing us today are quite similar to those faced by the Gestalt psychologists in the first half of this century''.After half a century,the study of visual perception appears,in some sense,to be back560CHENto square one.This situation leads us to wonder whether the problems of feature binding are due to difficulties in posing the fundamental question of``Where to begin''.Where does the above analysis leave us?It suggests that early holistic registration may provide a way to avoid the feature-binding problem by focusing on issues of perceptual organization.In other words,we may apply the concept of perceptual organization to reverse back the inverted(upside-down)question of feature binding.The topological approachDespite its deep and rational core in the idea of early holistic registration,the notion of perceptual organization has its own problems.In particular,like other Gestalt concepts,it has suffered from a lack of proper theoretical treatment. Gestalt evidence has often been criticized for being mainly phenomenological and relying mainly on conscious experience.Consequently,explanations from theories of perceptual organization usually rely on intuitive or mentalistic concepts that are somewhat vague and elusive.What is needed is a proper formal analysis of perceptual organization that goes beyond intuitive approa-ches,and provides a theoretical basis for describing or defining precisely the core concepts related to perceptual organization,e.g.,``global''vs.``local'', ``objects'',``grouping'',and others.Until the intuitive notions of these Gestalt-inspired concepts become properly and precisely defined,the proposed principles of perceptual organization cannot be entirely testable.Delimiting the concept of perceptual organizationTo give a precise description of the essence of perceptual organization,we first need to properly delimit the concept of perceptual organization.On the one hand,as Rock(1986)pointed out,``The concept of perceptual organization should not be defined so loosely as to be a synonym of perception'';on the other hand,this concept should not be so limited as to be unable to cover the great variety and the commonplace occurrence of perceptual organization.The fol-lowing definition of perceptual organization given by Rock(1986)is considered to define properly the very notion of perceptual organization:The meaning of organization here is the grouping of parts or regions of the field with one another,the``what goes with what''problem,and the differentiation of figure from ground.According to this definition,the study of perceptual organization is concerned with early stages of perceptual processing divorced from high-level cognition, and therefore such delimitation pitches our discussion at the right level to answer the basic question of``Where visual processing begins''.On the other hand,theGLOBAL TO LOCAL TOPOLOGICAL PERCEPTION561 concept of perceptual organization discussed in the present paper deals withgeneral processes,such as figure±ground differentiation,grouping,``what goes with what'',belonging and assignment(not particular processes,such as dif-ferentiating luminance flux,discriminating orientation,or recognizing a face), and with abstract things,such as objects,units,and wholes as well as their counterparts,such as items,elements,and parts(not concrete things,such as a line segments,a geometrical figure,a friend's face).These general processes and abstract things represent the variety and commonplace occurrence of per-ceptual organization.Figure1illustrates this.The percept of Figure1A may be described at a semantic level:Either a vase or two profiles face to face.On the other hand,it may be described in terms of the vocabulary of perceptual orga-nization:Two boundaries(units)grouped into one object(as the basis of the percept of a vase)or two boundaries(units)separated into two objects(as the basis of the percept of the two profiles face to face).It is the latter level,the level of perceptual organization,which our present research focuses on.Furthermore, as Figure1B demonstrates,perceptual organization may be perceived without semantic meaning.Here even though there is little semantic meaning involved in the stimulus,either the black parts are perceived to be an unified whole as a figure and the grey parts,another unified whole as background,or vice versa. Top-down processing of prior knowledge or expectation may influence per-ceptual organization,but it will avoid possible confusion if we consider per-ceptual organization and top-down processing of high-level cognition separately.This strengthens the rationale for defining the terminology for describing perceptual organization,emphasizing the primacy of perceptual organization.Major challenges to establishing a proper theoretical treatment on perceptual organization:Its commonplace,and its general and abstract characteristicsThe concept of perceptual organization reflects the most common fact that the phenomenal world contains objects separated from one another by space or background.Phenomena in perceptual organization are usually so common that they have not been looked on as an achievement of the perceptual system,and, thus,as something to be explained(Rock,1986).For example,tremendous efforts have been made to study how to detect line segments with orientation and location,but little attention has been paid to the question of how to perceive a line segment as a single object.While the study of face recognition has advanced considerably,the fundamental grouping question of``which eyes go with which noses,which noses with which mouths,and so forth''(Pomerantz,1981)has been almost completely ignored.One more example shows how commonplace characteristics of perceptual organization make it difficult to realize that there are problems requiringexplanation.In 1990,Rock and Palmer revealed two primary laws of perceptual organization:``Connectedness''and ``common region'',referring to the pow-erful tendency of the visual system to perceive any connected or enclosed regionas a single unit.The phenomena relating to the two laws are so common andself-evident that even classical Gestalt psychologists failed to realizethat an explanation was required for why elements that are either physically connected or enclosed by a closed curve are perceived as a single unit.As ourdiscussionABFigure 1.(A)An ambiguous figures of ``a vase vs.two faces'',showing competing organization.(B)An example of ambiguous figures,showing competing organization without involving semantic meaning.562CHENGLOBAL TO LOCAL TOPOLOGICAL PERCEPTION563 goes on,we will see that these two Gestalt laws closely approach the preciseformal(topological)description of the essence of Gestalt principles.Never-theless,they were neglected for more than a half a century!Besides the problem of being easily overlooked,one more major challenge to establishing a scientific framework for perceptual organization stems from the abstract and general characteristics of the concept.A theoretical explanation of perceptual organization,to possess explanatory power,must be built on even more general and abstract concepts than this vocabulary.The next question, therefore,is:What kinds of concept are more general and abstract than,for example,``what goes with what'',grouping,belongingness,wholes,and per-ceptual objects,and therefore,suitable for the formal analysis of organizational processes?It is not difficult to see that featural properties commonly used in the feature-analysis approach,such as orientation,distance,and size,cannot help out in dealing with the problems facing us in finding a formal explanation of perceptual organization.Topology provides a formal description of perceptual organization:Insight from invariants over shape-changing transformationsTopology has been considered a promising mathematical tool for providing a formal analysis of concepts and processing of perceptual organization(e.g., Chen,1982,2001).Topology is a branch of mathematics that aims at studying invariant properties and relationships under continuous and one-to-one trans-formations,termed topological transformations.The properties preserved under an arbitrary topological transformation are called topological properties.A topological framework of visual perception can be broad enough to encom-pass the variety of phenomena in perceptual organization,such as``what goes with what'',grouping,belonging,and parsing visual scenes into potential objects,and,on the other hand,precise enough to be free from intuitive approaches.Topology is often considered as one of the most abstract branches of mathematics.If the concepts of topology,their relevance and applicability to perceptual organization are difficult to contemplate in the abstract,an appeal to illustrative examples might be helpful.In the following,I will analyse in some depth three typical cases of perceptual organization to demonstrate why and how to advance the topological approach to perceptual organization.Question1:Figure and ground perceptionÐwhat attributes of stimuli determine the segregation of figure from background?Despite the common acceptance that figure±ground perception is fundamental and occurs at the early stage of perception,and despite the large body of empirical findings about。

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requirement 要求的放弃要求的放弃watching and administering the process of patent examination and grant 专利审批流程的监视和管理withdrawal of designation withdrawal of designation 撤回指定撤回指定world wide agent world wide agent 国际代理人国际代理人written application written application 书面申请书面申请written declaration written declaration 书面申明书面申明written disclosure written disclosure 书面公开书面公开year of issue year of issue 发行年发行年year of publication year of publication 出版公布年出版公布年保护范围保护范围 extent of protection extent of protectionauxiliary application auxiliary application 辅助申请辅助申请保护工业产权巴黎公约保护工业产权巴黎公约 Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property保护权的转让保护权的转让 assignment of protective right assignment of protective right保密义务保密义务 duty of secrecy duty of secrecy保密专利保密专利 secret patent secret patent被授予专利权人姓名被授予专利权人姓名 name of grantee name of grantee 被异议人被异议人 person challanged person challanged本国商标本国商标 national mark national mark本国申请项目本国申请项目 domestic filing data domestic filing data本国注册本国注册 home registration home registrationindex of inventor and patentee index of inventor and patentee 发明人与专利人索引发明人与专利人索引index of patent specification index of patent specification 专利说明书索引专利说明书索引专利说明书索引indication of manufacture under license indication of manufacture under license 特许制造标记特许制造标记特许制造标记applicant applicant 申请人申请人申请人individual request for patent family individual request for patent family 同族专利单项服务同族专利单项服务同族专利单项服务individual survey for family individual survey for family 同族（专利）单项调查同族（专利）单项调查同族（专利）单项调查industrial applicability of invention industrial applicability of invention 发明的工业实用性发明的工业实用性发明的工业实用性 industrial design industrial design 工业品外观设计工业品外观设计工业品外观设计industrial development patents industrial development patents 工业发展专利权工业发展专利权工业发展专利权industrial monopoly industrial monopoly 工业独占工业独占工业独占informal application informal application 非正式的申请非正式的申请非正式的申请infringing use infringing use 侵权使用侵权使用侵权使用initial down payment initial down payment 入门费入门费入门费abandonment of a patent application abandonment of a patent application 放弃专利申请放弃专利申请放弃专利申请application awaiting examination application awaiting examination 待审查的申请待审查的申请待审查的申请innocent infringement innocent infringement 非有意侵权非有意侵权非有意侵权INPADOC Data Base INPADOC Data Base 国际专利文献中心数据库国际专利文献中心数据库国际专利文献中心数据库INPADOC Patent Gazette INPADOC Patent Gazette 国际专利文献中心的专利公报国际专利文献中心的专利公报国际专利文献中心的专利公报 inspection of the patent register inspection of the patent register 专利登记簿的查阅专利登记簿的查阅专利登记簿的查阅institute of patent agents institute of patent agents 专利代理人协会专利代理人协会专利代理人协会institute of patentees and inventors institute of patentees and inventors 专利权人和发明人协会专利权人和发明人协会专利权人和发明人协会institute of trademark agents institute of trademark agents 商标代理人协会商标代理人协会商标代理人协会insufficient disclosure insufficient disclosure 不充分公开不充分公开不充分公开intellectual property intellectual property 知识产权知识产权知识产权intention of clause intention of clause 条款的意旨条款的意旨条款的意旨application document application document 申请案文件申请案文件申请案文件inter-dependence of patent inter-dependence of patent 专利的互相依赖性专利的互相依赖性专利的互相依赖性interdependent patents interdependent patents 相互依存的专利相互依存的专利相互依存的专利interfering application interfering application 抵触的申请抵触的申请抵触的申请 interfering patent interfering patent 抵触的专利抵触的专利抵触的专利interfering patentee interfering patentee 抵触的专利权人抵触的专利权人抵触的专利权人international application international application 国际申请国际申请国际申请International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks the Registration of Marks 商标注册用的商品和服务国际分类法商标注册用的商品和服务国际分类法商标注册用的商品和服务国际分类法International Convention on Patents International Convention on Patents 国际专利权公约国际专利权公约国际专利权公约International Patent Classification International Patent Classification 国际专利分类国际专利分类国际专利分类international registration of marks international registration of marks 商标的国际注册商标的国际注册商标的国际注册invention and creation invention and creation 发明创造发明创造发明创造invention of employee invention of employee 雇员发明雇员发明雇员发明共同发明共同发明 joint invention joint invention 共同发明人共同发明人 co-inventor/joint inventor co-inventor/joint inventor共同申请共同申请 joint application joint application共同申请人共同申请人 co-applicant co-applicant共同使用权共同使用权 right of joint use right of joint use共同使用人共同使用人 co-user/joint user co-user/joint userbrand name brand name 商标名称商标名称商标名称共同市场欧洲专利公约共同市场欧洲专利公约 Convention for the European Patent for the Common Convention for the European Patent for the Common Market共同所有人共同所有人 co-proprietor/joint owner co-proprietor/joint owner共同体专利共同体专利 community patent community patent共享专利协定共享专利协定 patent pool agreement patent pool agreement 共有专利共有专利 joint patent joint patent构思日期构思日期 conception date conception date雇员发明雇员发明 employee invention/invention of employee employee invention/invention of employeebrief description of invention brief description of invention 发明的简要说明发明的简要说明发明的简要说明国别专利目录国别专利目录 national catalog of patents national catalog of patents国际代理人国际代理人 world wide agent world wide agent国际申请国际申请 international application international application国际专利分类国际专利分类 International Patent Classification International Patent Classification国际专利权公约国际专利权公约 International Convention on Patents International Convention on Patents国际专利文献中心的专利公报国际专利文献中心的专利公报 INPADOC Patent Gazette INPADOC Patent Gazette国际专利文献中心数据库国际专利文献中心数据库 INPADOC Data Base INPADOC Data Base 国家申请国家申请 national application national application国家收费国家收费 national fee national fee国家注册国家注册 national registration national registrationBritish patent British patent 英国专利英国专利英国专利国家专利国家专利 national patent national patent国家专利馆藏国家专利馆藏 state patent collection state patent collection国内申请国内申请 domestic application domestic application合同生效合同生效 entry into force of the contract entry into force of the contract缺乏发明单一性缺乏发明单一性 lack unity of invention lack unity of invention缺乏新颖性缺乏新颖性 lack of novelty lack of noveltycarry out an invention carry out an invention 实施发明实施发明实施发明 确定发明人的身份确定发明人的身份 determining the identity of the inventor determining the identity of the inventor确立要求保护的范围确立要求保护的范围 define the limite of the protection claimed define the limite of the protection claimed delay in issue delay in issue 延迟颁发延迟颁发延迟颁发delay payment of the official delay payment of the official 延期支付法定费用延期支付法定费用延期支付法定费用delayed examination delayed examination 推迟的审查推迟的审查推迟的审查delayed filing delayed filing 延迟申请延迟申请延迟申请admissibility of trade mark admissibility of trade mark 准许商标注册的条件准许商标注册的条件准许商标注册的条件demand for international preliminary examination demand for international preliminary examination 请求国际（申请）初步请求国际（申请）初步审查审查demand for renewal demand for renewal 要求续展要求续展要求续展demand the assignment of a right demand the assignment of a right 要求转让权利要求转让权利要求转让权利 department of patent administration department of patent administration 专利管理部专利管理部专利管理部dependent invention dependent invention 从属发明从属发明从属发明dependent patent dependent patent 从属专利从属专利从属专利depreciation on franchises depreciation on franchises 专利折旧专利折旧专利折旧deprivation of a right deprivation of a right 权利的剥夺权利的剥夺权利的剥夺description of invention description of invention 发明说明书发明说明书发明说明书description of trademark description of trademark 商标说明商标说明商标说明advanced patent course advanced patent course 高级专利进修班高级专利进修班高级专利进修班descriptive trademark descriptive trademark 图形商标图形商标图形商标design act design act 外观设计法外观设计法外观设计法design application design application 外观设计申请外观设计申请外观设计申请 design law design law 外观设计法外观设计法外观设计法design patent design patent 设计专利设计专利设计专利外观设计专利外观设计专利design register design register 外观设计注册簿外观设计注册簿外观设计注册簿designated office designated office 指定局指定局指定局designation of agent designation of agent 代理人的指派代理人的指派代理人的指派affixation of a mark on goods affixation of a mark on goods 在商品上缀附商标在商品上缀附商标在商品上缀附商标detailed description of invention detailed description of invention 发明的详细说明发明的详细说明发明的详细说明determination of patentability determination of patentability 专利性的确定专利性的确定专利性的确定determining the identity of the inventor determining the identity of the inventor 确定发明人的身份确定发明人的身份确定发明人的身份dicision of a patent application dicision of a patent application 专利申请的分类案专利申请的分类案专利申请的分类案 diminish the protection granted to the trademark diminish the protection granted to the trademark 缩短对商标的保护缩短对商标的保护缩短对商标的保护 direct license direct license 直接许可证直接许可证直接许可证disclosure of invention disclosure of invention 发明的公开发明的公开发明的公开discretionary clause discretionary clause 自由处理条款自由处理条款自由处理条款discretionary power discretionary power 自由处理权力自由处理权力自由处理权力discretionary provision discretionary provision 自由处理规定自由处理规定自由处理规定aggregate value of invention aggregate value of invention 发明的总价值发明的总价值发明的总价值discriminating conduct discriminating conduct 辨别方法辨别方法辨别方法dispense with royalties dispense with royalties 免除使用费免除使用费免除使用费distinctive feature distinctive feature 显着特点显着特点显着特点distinctive mark distinctive mark 显着的商标显着的商标显着的商标 division of applications division of applications 申请的分案申请的分案申请的分案document code document code 文件代码文件代码文件代码domestic application domestic application 国内申请国内申请国内申请domestic filing data domestic filing data 本国申请项目本国申请项目本国申请项目dominant patent dominant patent 主专利主专利主专利entry year entry year 登记年登记年登记年essence of invention essence of invention 发明的实质发明的实质发明的实质alleged new invention alleged new invention 宣称的新发明宣称的新发明宣称的新发明essential part of mark essential part of mark 商标主要部分商标主要部分商标主要部分establishment procedure of the patent agencies establishment procedure of the patent agencies 专利代理机构的审批权限专利代理机构的审批权限专利代理机构的审批权限 European Patent Convention European Patent Convention 欧洲专利公约欧洲专利公约欧洲专利公约 European Patent Report European Patent Report 欧洲专利通报欧洲专利通报欧洲专利通报eventual utility model application eventual utility model application 最终的实用新型申请最终的实用新型申请最终的实用新型申请ex rights ex rights 无权利无权利无权利examination as to novelty examination as to novelty 新颖性审查新颖性审查新颖性审查examination as to substance examination as to substance 实质审查实质审查实质审查examination board examination board 审查委员会审查委员会审查委员会patent of introduction patent of introduction 进口专利进口专利进口专利patent of invention patent of invention 发明专利发明专利发明专利patent of revalidation patent of revalidation 再效专利再效专利再效专利patent of utility model patent of utility model 实用新型专利实用新型专利实用新型专利patent office patent office 专利局专利局专利局 patent owner patent owner 专利所有人专利所有人专利所有人patent pending patent pending 专利未决专利未决专利未决application refused application refused 已被拒绝的申请已被拒绝的申请已被拒绝的申请patent policy patent policy 专利政策专利政策专利政策patent pool agreement patent pool agreement 共享专利协定共享专利协定共享专利协定patent pool patent pool 专利共享专利共享专利共享patent pooling system patent pooling system 专利共享制度专利共享制度专利共享制度patent property patent property 专利产权专利产权专利产权patent protection patent protection 专利保护专利保护专利保护patent register patent register 专利登记簿专利登记簿专利登记簿patent regulation patent regulation 专利实施细则专利实施细则专利实施细则 patent renewed patent renewed 续展专利续展专利续展专利patent report patent report 专利报告专利报告专利报告application regulation application regulation 申请规则申请规则申请规则patent royalty patent royalty 专利权使用费专利权使用费专利权使用费patent rules patent rules 专利实施细则专利实施细则专利实施细则patent search patent search 专利调查专利调查专利调查patent specification patent specification 专利说明书专利说明书专利说明书appointed date appointed date 指定日指定日指定日patentability patentability 专利性专利性专利性patented article patented article 专利物品专利物品专利物品patented invention patented invention 专利发明专利发明专利发明 patented inventor patented inventor 自称的发明人自称的发明人自称的发明人patented method patented method 专利方法专利方法专利方法an application filing an application filing 提出申请提出申请提出申请filing date of application filing date of application 申请提出日申请提出日申请提出日filing office filing office 受理处受理处受理处filing patent applications in foreign countries filing patent applications in foreign countries 向外国申请专利向外国申请专利向外国申请专利 final date final date 最终日最终日最终日final fee final fee 最後年费最後年费最後年费final registration final registration 最後登记最後登记最後登记final term final term 最终期限最终期限最终期限find anticipation find anticipation 发现占先发现占先发现占先 first application first application 第一次申请第一次申请第一次申请first foreign application first foreign application 第一次国外申请第一次国外申请第一次国外申请announcement of invalidation of patent right announcement of invalidation of patent right 宣告专利权无效宣告专利权无效宣告专利权无效 first inventor first inventor 第一个发明人第一个发明人第一个发明人first period of protection first period of protection 第一个保护期第一个保护期第一个保护期first to file system first to file system 先申请制先申请制先申请制first to file first to file 先申请先申请先申请first to invent principle first to invent principle 先发明原则先发明原则先发明原则first to invent system first to invent system 先发明制先发明制先发明制first to invent first to invent 先发明先发明先发明first using right first using right 先用权先用权先用权 foreground invention foreground invention 前景发明前景发明前景发明foreign application foreign application 外国申请外国申请外国申请annual maintenance for a patent application annual maintenance for a patent application 专利申请的每年维持费专利申请的每年维持费专利申请的每年维持费 foreign filing authorization foreign filing authorization 授权向国外申请授权向国外申请授权向国外申请foreign patent foreign patent 外国专利外国专利外国专利foreign protection foreign protection 外国保护外国保护外国保护foreign protective right foreign protective right 外国的保护权外国的保护权外国的保护权forfeited application forfeited application 已丧失的申请已丧失的申请已丧失的申请form of application form of application 申请表申请表申请表form of request form of request 请求书格式请求书格式请求书格式formal examination formal examination 形式审查形式审查形式审查 former proprietor of a right former proprietor of a right 权利的前所有人权利的前所有人权利的前所有人former states former states 在先的状态在先的状态在先的状态anticipate an invention anticipate an invention 占先的发明占先的发明占先的发明correspending report correspending report 相应的报告相应的报告相应的报告转让申明转让申明 declaration of assignment declaration of assignment转让申请转让申请 assign an application assign an application转让手续费转让手续费 transfer fee transfer fee转让专利转让专利 assign a patent assign a patent转送费转送费 transmittal fee transmittal fee准许商标注册的条件准许商标注册的条件 admissibility of trade mark admissibility of trade mark准许申请准许申请 allowing an application allowing an application 资料交换协议资料交换协议 date exchange agreement date exchange agreement自称的发明人自称的发明人 patented inventor patented inventor自留本自留本 本国副本nhome copyadditional application additional application 增补申请增补申请增补申请corresponding patent search corresponding patent search 相应的专利检索相应的专利检索相应的专利检索发明的工业实用性发明的工业实用性 industrial applicability of invention industrial applicability of invention发明的公开发明的公开 disclosure of invention disclosure of invention发明的简要说明发明的简要说明 brief description of invention brief description of invention发明的利益发明的利益 benefit of invention benefit of invention发明的利用发明的利用 exploitation of invention exploitation of invention发明的实质发明的实质 essence of invention essence of invention 发明的特点发明的特点 characteristic feature of invention characteristic feature of invention发明的详细说明发明的详细说明 detailed description of invention detailed description of invention发明的新颖性发明的新颖性 novely of invention novely of inventionabuse of monopoly abuse of monopoly 独占权的滥用独占权的滥用独占权的滥用持有人持有人发明的性质发明的性质 nature of invention nature of invention发明的总价值发明的总价值 aggregate value of invention aggregate value of invention发明构思发明构思 inventive concept inventive concept发明人发明人 auther of invention auther of inventioninventor发明人的确证发明人的确证 corroboration of invention corroboration of invention 发明人的声明发明人的声明 declaration of inventorship declaration of inventorship发明人姓名发明人姓名 name of inventor name of inventor发明人与专利人索引发明人与专利人索引 index of inventor and patentee index of inventor and patentee发明人证书发明人证书 inventor certificate inventor certificatebelated opposition belated opposition 延误的异议延误的异议延误的异议发明说明书发明说明书 description of invention description of invention发明物发明物 invention invention发明项目发明项目 object of invention object of invention发明摘要发明摘要 abstract of invention abstract of invention发明者发明者 inventor/originator inventor/originator发明专利发明专利 patent of invention patent of invention 发明专利权发明专利权 patent for invention patent for invention发现占先发现占先 find anticipation find anticipation发行年发行年 year of issue year of issuebenefit of invention benefit of invention 发明的利益发明的利益发明的利益发证费发证费 issuance fee issuance fee发证日发证日 date of issue date of issue法定权限法定权限 official competence official competence方法专利方法专利 process patent process patent防卫性公布程序防卫性公布程序 defensive publication program defensive publication program放弃申请放弃申请 abandend application abandend application放弃专利权放弃专利权 abandonment of a patent abandonment of a patent 植物专利植物专利 plant patent plant patent纸面专利纸面专利 paper patent paper patent指定国指定国 designated state designated state指定局指定局 designated office designated office指定日指定日 appointed date appointed date指定日期指定日期 appointed day appointed daycomptroller general of patent comptroller general of patent 专利局长专利局长专利局长制造厂商标制造厂商标 manufacturer's brand manufacturer's brand中国专利权中国专利权 Chinese patent right Chinese patent right终止和期满的专利终止和期满的专利 patent ceased and expired patent ceased and expired终止专利终止专利 lapsed patent lapsed patent 重复授予专利重复授予专利 double patent double patent主权标志主权标志 emblem of sovereignty emblem of sovereignty主任审查员主任审查员 examiner in chief examiner in chief主申请主申请 main application main applicationparent application主要名称主要名称 main title main titleconception date conception date 构思日期构思日期构思日期主专利主专利 dominant patent dominant patentmain patentmaster patentprinciple patent 主专利的开始日主专利的开始日 date of commencement of the main patent date of commencement of the main patent 注册簿注册簿 register register注册登记注册登记 register registerregistration注册登记号注册登记号 number of registration number of registration注册期间注册期间 period of registration period of registrationconcurrent application concurrent application 同时（提出的）申请同时（提出的）申请同时（提出的）申请注册日注册日 date of registration date of registration注册申请注册申请 application for registration application for registration注册所有人注册所有人 owner of registration owner of registration专利（权，证，品，件，证书，发明）专利（权，证，品，件，证书，发明） patent patent 专利案件专利案件 patent case patent case专利保护专利保护 patent protection patent protection专利保护范围专利保护范围 scope of patent protection scope of patent protection专利保护类别专利保护类别 categories of patent categories of patent专利报告专利报告 patent report patent report专利标记专利标记 patent marking patent markingconditions of patentability conditions of patentability 专利性的条件专利性的条件专利性的条件专利表格专利表格 patents sheet patents sheet在本国申请在本国申请 application in home country application in home country在後的申请在後的申请 later application later applicationcomplete application complete application 完整的申请完整的申请完整的申请 在後的选定在後的选定 later election later election在商品上缀附商标在商品上缀附商标 affixation of a mark on goods affixation of a mark on goods在审案的文档在审案的文档 files of the case in court files of the case in court在先的发明人在先的发明人 prior inventor prior inventor在先的专利在先的专利 prior patent prior patent在先的状态在先的状态 former states former states在先申请人在先申请人 prior applicant prior applicant在先要求在先要求 prior claiming prior claiming在专利局听证在专利局听证 hearing before the patent office hearing before the patent office在专利中要求保护在专利中要求保护 claimed in a patent claimed in a patentcomplete description complete description 完整的说明完整的说明完整的说明 暂时保护暂时保护 temporary protection temporary protection增补申请增补申请 additional application additional application增补实用证书增补实用证书 utility certificate of addition utility certificate of addition增补专利增补专利 additional patent additional patent诈取发明人的奖金诈取发明人的奖金 defraud the inventor of his award defraud the inventor of his award展览优先权展览优先权 exibition priority exibition priority占先的发明占先的发明 anticipate an invention anticipate an invention占先的专利占先的专利 anticipatory patent anticipatory patent障碍的消除障碍的消除 vanishing of impediment vanishing of impediment真正的所有人真正的所有人 true owner true ownercomplete patent specification complete patent specification 完整的专利说明书完整的专利说明书完整的专利说明书 真正的最先发明人真正的最先发明人 true and first inventor true and first inventor正商标正商标 original trademark original trademark证明商标证明商标 certification mark certification mark证明条款证明条款 attestation clause attestation clause证实的译文证实的译文 attested translation attested translation政府发明政府发明 government invention government invention政府所有的发明政府所有的发明 government-owned inventions government-owned inventions政府所有的申请政府所有的申请 government-owned application government-owned application政府专利政府专利 public monopoly public monopoly支付款项的放弃支付款项的放弃 waiver of payment waiver of paymentaction for infringement of a patent action for infringement of a patent 侵犯专利（权）的诉讼侵犯专利（权）的诉讼侵犯专利（权）的诉讼 complete spesification complete spesification 完整的说明书完整的说明书完整的说明书支付申请人的费用支付申请人的费用 defray the applicant's fees defray the applicant's fees支配专利支配专利 basic patent basic patent知识产权知识产权 intellectual property intellectual property直接许可证直接许可证 direct license direct licensepatent class patent class 专利类目专利类目专利类目patent commissioner patent commissioner 专利局长专利局长专利局长patent cooperation treaty patent cooperation treaty 专利合作条约专利合作条约专利合作条约patent country patent country 批准专利国批准专利国批准专利国patent description patent description 专利说明书专利说明书专利说明书patent disputes patent disputes 专利争议专利争议专利争议 patent document patent document 专利文件专利文件专利文件patent duties patent duties 专利义务专利义务专利义务patent examiner patent examiner 专利审查员专利审查员专利审查员patent examining procedure patent examining procedure 专利审查程序专利审查程序专利审查程序patent expired patent expired 专利有效期满专利有效期满专利有效期满patent families patent families 同族专利同族专利同族专利patent family patent family 专利族专利族专利族application in home country application in home country 在本国申请在本国申请在本国申请patent fee patent fee 专利费专利费专利费patent file patent file 专利文档专利文档专利文档patent for invention patent for invention 发明专利权发明专利权发明专利权 Patent Gazette for Utility Models Patent Gazette for Utility Models 《实用新型专利公报》《实用新型专利公报》《实用新型专利公报》 patent gazette patent gazette 专利公报专利公报专利公报patent holder patent holder 专利持有者专利持有者专利持有者//专利权人专利权人//专有权持有人专有权持有人patent implementing regulations patent implementing regulations 专利实施法规专利实施法规专利实施法规patent implementing rules patent implementing rules 专利实施规章专利实施规章专利实施规章application number application number 申请号申请号申请号patent in force patent in force 生效的专利生效的专利生效的专利patent licence patent licence 专利许可证专利许可证专利许可证patent licence-agreement patent licence-agreement 专利特许协议专利特许协议专利特许协议patent license-agreement patent license-agreement 专利许可合同专利许可合同专利许可合同patent list patent list 专利目录专利目录专利目录 patent management in enterprises patent management in enterprises 企业中的专利管理企业中的专利管理企业中的专利管理patent marking patent marking 专利标记专利标记专利标记patent matters patent matters 专利事务专利事务专利事务patent number index patent number index 专利号索引专利号索引专利号索引patent number patent number 专利号专利号专利号abandonment of patent privileges abandonment of patent privileges 专利特权的放弃专利特权的放弃专利特权的放弃application paper application paper 申请文件申请文件申请文件patent of importation patent of importation 输入专利输入专利输入专利patent of improvement patent of improvement 改进（的）专利改进（的）专利改进（的）专利许可证接受人许可证接受人 grantee of license grantee of license许可转让的技术许可转让的技术 licensed technology licensed technology 续展费续展费 renewal fee renewal fee续展期间续展期间 period of renewal period of renewal续展期限续展期限 renewal term renewal term续展申请续展申请 renewal application renewal applicationaction for infringement of a mark action for infringement of a mark 侵犯商标（权）的诉讼侵犯商标（权）的诉讼侵犯商标（权）的诉讼 co-inventor co-inventor 共同发明人共同发明人共同发明人续展专利续展专利 patent renewed patent renewed宣称的新发明宣称的新发明 alleged new invention alleged new invention宣告无效的理由宣告无效的理由 ground for invalidation ground for invalidation宣告无效的声明宣告无效的声明 declaration of nullity declaration of nullity宣告无效的效力宣告无效的效力 effect of invalidation effect of invalidation 宣告专利权无效宣告专利权无效 announcement of invalidation of patent right announcement of invalidation of patent right 宣示性判决宣示性判决 declaration judgement declaration judgement选择发明选择发明 selection invention selection invention选择申请人（检索）服务选择申请人（检索）服务 selected applicant service selected applicant service延长保护期延长保护期 extension of pretection extension of pretection色码制色码制延长时间延长时间 period of extension period of extension延迟颁发延迟颁发 delay in issue delay in issue延迟期间延迟期间 period of delay period of delay延迟申请延迟申请 delayed filing delayed filing延迟审查延迟审查 deferred examination deferred examination 延付金额延付金额 deferred sum deferred sum延期支付法定费用延期支付法定费用 delay payment of the official delay payment of the official延误的异议延误的异议 belated opposition belated opposition要求保护的发明要求保护的发明 claimed invention claimed invention要求承认（对发明的）所有权要求承认（对发明的）所有权 claiming ownership claiming ownership。

Package‘interpretR’August20,2023Type PackageTitle Binary Classifier and Regression Model Interpretation FunctionsVersion0.2.5Date2023-08-19Depends randomForestImports AUC,stats,graphicsAuthor Michel Ballings and Dirk Van den PoelMaintainer Michel Ballings<*************************>Description Compute permutation-based performance measures and create partialdependence plots for(cross-validated)'randomForest'and'ada'models.License GPL(>=2)RoxygenNote7.2.3NeedsCompilation noRepository CRANDate/Publication2023-08-1922:22:31UTCR topics documented:interpretR-package (2)interpretRNews (2)parDepPlot (3)variableImportance (5)Index712interpretRNews interpretR-package Partial Dependence Plots and Permutation-Based Performance Mea-suresDescriptionCompute permutation-based performance meaures(for binary classification)and create partial de-pendence plots(cross-validated classification and regression models).Currently only binary clas-sification and regression models estimated with the package randomForest are supported.Binary classification models estimated with ada are also supported.Author(s)Authors:Michel Ballings,and Dirk Van den Poel,Maintainer:<*************************>See AlsoparDepPlot,variableImportanceinterpretRNews Display the NEWSfileDescriptioninterpretRNews shows the NEWSfile of the interpretR package.UsageinterpretRNews()Author(s)Authors:Michel Ballings and Dirk Van den Poel,Maintainer:<*************************>See AlsoparDepPlotExamplesinterpretRNews()parDepPlot Model interpretation functions:Partial Dependence PlotsDescriptionparDepPlot creates partial dependence plots for binary(cross-validated)classification models andregression models.Currently only binary classification models estimated with the packages randomForest and ada are supported.In addition randomForest regression models are supported.UsageparDepPlot(,object,data,rm.outliers=TRUE,fact=1.5,n.pt=50,robust=FALSE,ci=FALSE,u.quant=0.75,l.quant=0.25,xlab=substr(,1,50),ylab=NULL,main=if(any(class(object)%in%c("randomForest","ada")))paste("Partial Dependence on",substr(,1,20))elsepaste("Cross-Validated Partial Dependence on",substr(,1,10)),logit=TRUE,ylim=NULL,...)Arguments the name of the predictor as a character string for which a partial dependenceplot has to be created.object can be a model or a list of cross-validated models.Currently only binary classi-fication models built using the packages randomForest and ada are supported.data a data frame containing the predictors for the model or a list of data frames forcross-validation with length equal to the number of models.rm.outliers boolean,remove the outliers in .Outliers are values that are smaller thanmax(Q1-fact*IQR,min)or greater than min(Q3+fact*IQR,max).Overridden ifxlim is used.fact factor to use in rm.outliers.The default is1.5.n.pt if is a continuous predictor,the number of points that will be used to plotthe curve.robust if TRUE then the median is used to plot the central tendency(recommended when logit=FALSE).If FALSE the mean is used.ci boolean.Should a confidence interval based on quantiles be plotted?This only works if robust=TRUE.u.quant Upper quantile for ci.This only works if ci=TRUE and robust=TRUE.l.quant Lower quantile for ci.This only works if ci=TRUE and robust=TRUE.xlab label for the x-axis.Is determined automatically if NULL.ylab label for the y-axis.main main title for the plot.logit boolean.Should the y-axis be on a logit scale or not?If FALSE,it is recom-mended to set robust=TRUE.Only applicable for classifcation.ylim The y limits of the plot...other graphical parameters for plot.DetailsFor classification,the response variable in the model is always assumed to take on the values{0,1}.Resulting partial dependence plots always refer to class1.Whenever strange results are obtained the user has three options.First set rm.outliers=TRUE.Second,if that doesn’t help,set robust=TRUE.Finally,if that doesn’t help,the user can also try setting ci=TRUE.Areas with larger confidence intervals typically indicate problem areas.These options help the user tease out the root of strange results and converge to better parameter values.Author(s)Authors:Michel Ballings,and Dirk Van den Poel,Maintainer:<*************************> ReferencesThe code in this function uses part of the code from the partialPlot function in randomForest.It is expanded and generalized to support cross-validation and other packages.See AlsovariableImportanceExampleslibrary(randomForest)#Prepare datadata(iris)iris<-iris[1:100,]iris$Species<-as.factor(ifelse(factor(iris$Species)=="setosa",0,1))#Cross-validated models#Estimate10models and create10test setsdata<-list()rf<-list()for(i in1:10){ind<-sample(nrow(iris),50)rf[[i]]<-randomForest(Species~.,iris[ind,])data[[i]]<-iris[-ind,]}parDepPlot(="Petal.Width",object=rf,data=data)#Single model#Estimate a single modelind<-sample(nrow(iris),50)rf<-randomForest(Species~.,iris[ind,])parDepPlot(="Petal.Width",object=rf,data=iris[-ind,])variableImportance Permutation-based Variable Importance MeasuresDescriptionvariableImportance produces permutation-based variable importance measures(currently onlyfor binary classification models from the package randomForest and only for the performancemeasure AUROC)UsagevariableImportance(object=NULL,xdata=NULL,ydata=NULL,CV=3,measure="AUROC",sort=TRUE)Argumentsobject A model.Currently only binary classification models from the package randomForest.xdata A data frame containing the predictors for the model.ydata A factor containing the response variable.CV Cross-validation.How many times should the data be permuted and the decreasein performance be calculated?Afterwards the mean is taken.CV should behigher for very small samples to ensure stability.measure Currently only Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve(AU-ROC)is supported.sort Logical.Should the results be sorted from high to low?DetailsCurrently only binary classification models from randomForest are supported.Also,currently only AUROC is supported.Definition of MeanDecreaseAUROC:for the entire ensemble the AUROC is recorded on the provided xdata.The same is subsequently done after permuting each variable (iteratively,for each variable separately).Then the latter is subtracted from the former.This is called the Decrease in AUROC.If we do this for multiple CV,it becomes the Mean Decrease in AUROC.ValueA data frame containing the variable names and the mean decrease in AUROCAuthor(s)Authors:Michel Ballings,and Dirk Van den Poel,Maintainer:<*************************> See AlsoparDepPlotExamples#Prepare datadata(iris)iris<-iris[1:100,]iris$Species<-as.factor(ifelse(factor(iris$Species)=="setosa",0,1))#Estimate modellibrary(randomForest)ind<-sample(nrow(iris),50)rf<-randomForest(Species~.,iris[ind,])#Obtain variable importancesvariableImportance(object=rf,xdata=iris[-ind,names(iris)!="Species"],ydata=iris[-ind,]$Species)IndexinterpretR(interpretR-package),2 interpretR-package,2interpretRNews,2parDepPlot,2,3,6variableImportance,2,4,57。

GCP-30 SeriesAPPLICATIONSThe GCP-30 Series genset control is designed to providetotal control for multiple, medium to large sizedapplications.A network of the compact, versatile GCP-30 controls iscapable of controlling up to 14 gensets with automaticsequencing. Load management features includeautomatic base loading/peak shaving, import/exportcontrol and emergency power/back up power generation.The GCP-31 has logic for one circuit breaker and theSPECIFICATIONS (for more information see manual 37364)Accuracy .......................................................................................... C lass 1 Power supply ....................................................... 12/24 Vdc (9.5 to 32 Vdc) Intrinsic consumption .................................................................. m ax. 20 W Ambient temperature Operation............................. -20 to 70 °C Storage ................................ -30 to 80 °C Ambient humidity ...................................................... 95 %, non-condensing Voltage ................. Rated /∆: [1] 66/115 Vac or [4] 230/400 VacV ph-ph max. (UL): [1] 150 Vacor [4] 300 Vac Rated V ph-ground : [1] 150 Vacor [4] 300 Vac Rated surge voltage: [1] 2.5 kV or [4] 4.0 kV Setting range (prim.): 0.050 to 65.000 kVac Measuring frequency ................................................ 50/60 Hz (40 to 70 Hz) Linear measuring range up to ....................................................... 1.3×V rated Input resistance ..................................................... [1] 0.21 M Ω, [4] 0.7 M Ω Max. power consumption per path ................................................ < 0.15 W Current (rated values; I rated ) ................................................................ ../5 A Linear measuring range up to ............................................... I gen = 3.0×I rated I mains = 1.5×I rated Load ............................................................................................. < 0.15 VA Rated short-time current (1 s) ......................................................... 10×I rated Discrete inputs .............................................................................. isolated Input range ............................................................. 12/24 Vdc (6 to 32 Vdc) Input resistance .................................................................... a pprox. 6.8 k Ω Analog inputs .................................................................... f reely scaleable Type ................................................................... 0/4 to 20 mA, Pt100, VDO Resolution ........................................................................................... 10 BitRelay outputs ........................................................................ p otential freeContact material ............................................................................... A gCdO Load (GP) ...................................................................... 2.00 Aac@250 Vac 2.00 Adc@24 Vdc / 0.36 Adc@125 Vdc / 0.18 Adc@250 Vdc Pilot duty (PD) .............................................................................................. 1.00 Adc@24 Vdc / 0.22 Adc@125 Vdc / 0.10 Adc@250 Vdc Analog outputs .............................................................................. isolated Type ............................................................. 0/4 to 20 mA, freely scaleable Resolution .................................................... 8/12 Bit (depending on model) Max. load 0/4 to 20 mA ..................................................................... 500 Ω Insulating voltage ......................................................................... 1,500 Vdc Housing ...................................................... T ype APRANORM DIN 43 700 Dimensions ..................................................................... 144×144×118 mm Front cutout .......................................................... 138[+1.0]×138[+1.0] mm Connection ................................................ screw/plug terminals depending on connector 1.5 mm² or 2.5 mm² Front ................................................................................. i nsulating surface Protection system .................................................. with correct installation Front ................................................. IP42(sealed IP54; gasket kit = P/N 8923-1039)Back ................................................. IP21 Weight ............................................ depending on version, approx. 1,000 g Disturbance test (CE) .......... t ested according to applicable EN guidelines Listings ................................................. UL/cUL listed (File No.: E231544)DIMENSIONS2002-11-21 | GCP30-AMG2 Dimensions g2ww-4702-ab.skfAPPLICATIONSTypical application for the GCP-32 (GCP-31 same but without MCB)WIRING DIAGRAM(example: GCP-32/XPQ+SC10; for more information see manual 37364)International Woodward PO Box 1519Fort Collins CO, USA 80522-15191000 East Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 Ph: +1 (970) 498-3634 Fax: +1 (970) 498-3058 email:*****************************EuropeWoodward GmbH Handwerkstrasse 29 70565 Stuttgart, Germany Ph: +49 (0) 711 789 54-510 Fax: +49 (0) 711 789 54-101 email:**************************Distributors & ServiceWoodward has an international network of distributors and service facilities. For yournearest representative, call the Fort Collins plant or see the Worldwide Directory on our website.Subject to technical modifications.This document is distributed for informational purposes only. It is not to be construed as creating or becoming part of any Woodward Governor Company contractual or warranty obligation unless expressly stated in a written sales contract.We appreciate your comments about the content of our publications.Please send comments including the document number below to *********************© WoodwardAll Rights Reserved03240J - 2012/9/StuttgartFEATURES OVERVIEW#2 In isolated parallel operation with min. 2 gensets in parallel #3 Cable incl. software necessary (DPC; P/N 5417-557)#4 n = speed; f = frequency; V = voltage, P = real power; Q = reactive power#5 +/-20 mA and +/-10 Vdc and PWM signal (type and range configurable); bias/discrete setpoint via relay manager#6 [T1]-[T3] = 0/4 to 20 mA, [T4]/[T5] = Pt100, [T6] = VDO 0 to 180ohm, [T7] = VDO 0 to 380ohm; function of 20 mA inputs is configurable between alarm input, remote setpoint value for generator real power, mains import/export real power measuring value; others upon request#7 Remote monitoring, control, configuration (GW 4 could be used for several interfaces; refer to product specs 37170 / manual 37360)#8 CAN bus connection to IKD1, mtu MDEC, mtu ADEC, Volvo EMS2, Scania EMS/S6, CAN SAE J1939 and/or ST3 (configurable; refer to manual 37382) #9 RS-232 connection via Caterpillar CCM to Caterpillar EMCP-II, and ECM (configurable; refer to manual 37200) #10External unit LS 4 (refer to product specs 37167 / manual 37105)。