2018年6月大学英语六级真题3

2018 年6 月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第3 套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay on theimportance ofbuilding trust between businesses and consumers. You can citeexamples to illustrate yourviews. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：由于2018 年6 月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前2 套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage withten blanks. You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making yourchoices. Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence tobuild domesticrobots, we should look forward to the day in admiration.Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies,Tesla Motors andSpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and ___26___ humans to live on otherplanets. This sounds like so much hot air, butthe near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneurhas ___27___ comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.A lot of clever people are ___28___ about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will oneday become so ___29___ that they'll murder all of us. Thesefears are mostly ___30___: aswith hysteria about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough tomanage these problems with speed and care.And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could,___31___, belike having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one—or, if that required ___32___intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk's imagined machine, at least someone to chopthe carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn.Once purchased and trained, this would allowthe ___33___ user to save money and time, freeing up ___34___ space in our busy lives toread a good book.That is why we welcome Mr. Musk's latest ___35___, and wish him well. As long as robotsadd to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and createtime to read world-classjournalism, we should be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will neverdo.A) amassed B) casual C) emotional D enabling E) eventually F) exaggerated G)extravagant H) generously I) misleading J) precious K) reward L) smart M) sphere N)terrified O) ventureSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more thanonce. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.In the real world, nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League schoolA) As a high school junior, everything in my life revolved around getting into the right college.I diligently attended my SAT, ACT, and Advanced Placementtest preparation courses. Ijuggled (尽力应付) cross-country and track schedules, newspaper staff, and my church's youthgroup and drama team. I didn't drink, party, or even do much dating. The right college, Ithought, was one with prestige, one with a name. It didn't haveto be the Ivy League, but itneeded to be a "top school."B) Looking back now, nine years later, I can't remember exactly what it was about theseuniversities that made them seem so much better. Was it a curriculum that appeared morerigorous, perhaps? Or an alumni network that I hoped would open doors down the line?Maybe."I do think there are advantages to schools with more recognition," notes M arybethGasman, a professor of higher education at the University of Pennsylvania. "I don'tnecessarily think that's a reason to go to one."C) In reflection, my firm belief in the power of the brand was naive, not tomention a bitsnobby. I quickly passed over state schools and southern schools, believing their curriculumsto be automatically inferior to northeastern orwestern counterparts. Instead, I dreamed ofliving in New York City and my parents obliged me with a visit to New York University's (NYU)campus. Duringthe tour, tuition fees were discussed.(NYU is consistently ranked one of thecountry's most expensive schools, with room and board costs totaling upwards of $ 64,000 ayear.) Up until then, Ihadn't truly realized just how expensive an education can be. Over thenext few months, I realized not only could I not afford my dream school, I couldn't evenafford the ones where I'd been accepted. City University of New York (CUNY), RutgersUniversity, and Indiana University were out of reach as were Mississippi State and theUniversity of Alabama, where I would have to pay out-ofstate fees. Further complicating mycollege search was a flourishing track career—I wanted to keep running but my timesweren't quite fast enough to secure a scholarship.D) And so, at 11 pm on the night of Georgia State University's (GSU) midnight deadline, Iapplied online. Rated No.466 overall on Forbes' Lists Top Colleges, No.183 in ResearchUniversities, and No.108 in the South, I can't say it was my top choice. Still, the trackcoach had offered me a walk-on spot, and I actually found the urban Atlanta campus ad ecent consolation prize after New York City.E) While it may have been practical, it wasn't prestigious. But here's the thi ng: I loved my"lower-tier" (低层次的) university.(I use the term "low-tier" cautiously, because GSU is a well-regarded researc h institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all overth e country.) We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools an d getting thebest grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future . But what if lower-tiercolleges and universities were the ticket to escaping th e rat race? After all, where else canyou leave school with a decent degree—b ut without a lifetime of debt?F) My school didn't come prepackaged like the more popular options, so we were left to takecare of ourselves, figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no onewas championing for us to succeed in. What I'm saying is, I loved my university because ittaught us all to be resourceful and we could make what we wanted out of it.G) I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery-funded schola rship calledHOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally). When I started c ollege, the HOPEscholarship was funded by the state of Georgia and offered t o graduating high school seniorswith a GPA of 3.0 or higher. Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during highschool, supplemented by a sm all college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and amodest savings ac count my parents created when I was born.H) So what about all that name recognition? Sure, many of my colleagues a nd competitorshave more glamorous alma maters (母校) than I do. As a journalist, I have competed againstNYU, Columbia, and No rtheastern graduates for jobs. And yet, not a single interviewer hasever asked me about my educational background. In fact, almost every interview I've e verhad was due to a connection—one that I've gained through pure determi nation, not a schoolbrand.I) According to The Boston Globe, students who earned their bachelor's in 2012 have anaverage monthly loan payment of $312, which is one-third more than those who graduatedin 2004. Ultimately, that's the thing universities do n't want to admit. Private universities aremoney-making institutions. If you ca n afford to buy prestige, that's your choice. For the restof us, however, our h earty lower-tiered universities are just fine, thank you.J) Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates: na mely, strongalumni networks, star faculty, and a résuméboost. But you nee dn't attend an Ivy Leagueschool to reap those rewards. Ludacris and the for mer CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis arealumni of my college, as well as VI CE's first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successfulpeople tend to be successful no matter where they go to school, and lower-tier schools canhave alu mni networks just as strong as their big name counterparts. In fact, lower-tie r schoolalumni networks are arguably stronger, because fellow alumni recog nize that you didn'tnecessarily have an easy path to follow. They might be m ore willing to offer career help,because your less famous school denotes that , like them, you are also full of energy andperseverance.K) The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists, i n which collegegraduates who applied to the most selective schools in the 12 th grade were compared tothose who applied to slightly less selective schoo ls. They found that students with morepotential earned more as adults, and the reverse held true as well, no matter where theywent to school.L) Likewise, star faculty are not always found where you'd expect. Big name s chools are notnecessarily the best places for professors; plus, many professor s split teaching time betweenmultiple colleges and/or universities. This mea ns, for instance, a CUNY student couldreasonably expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professoras they would if they were enrolled in the same class at NYU.M) It's possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particulareducational résumé, but it's no guarantee. According to a 2012 survey described in TheAtlantic, college reputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluatinggraduates for hire, beaten out by top fa ctors like internships, employment during college,college major, volunteer ex perience, and extracurriculars.N) Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to suc ceed becausethey are determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I co uld do it again, I'd still makethe same choice. Today I'm debt-free, resourcef ul—and I understand that even theshiniest packaging can't predict what you'll find on the inside.36. Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.37. The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expe nses and booksat college.38. The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying tochoose a university to attend.39. A recent study found that a graduate's salary is determined by their pot ential, not theuniversity they attended.40. The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities app ear a lot better.41. None of the author's job interviewers cared which college she went to.42. The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious u niversity.43. In order to be admitted to a prestigious university, the author took partin variousextracurricular activities and attended test preparation courses. 44. The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.45. Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twentyyears ago?In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recentreport by theCensus Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015.Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on auseful, but flawed andincomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census's measure arethat:1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided healthinsurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured,income data exclude important determinants of economic wellbeing, such as the hours ofwork needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by CharlesJones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare.While by no means perfect, it is considerably morecomprehensive than average income,taking into account not only growth inconsumption per person but also changes in workingtime, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economicperformance both across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we wantto compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.In 2005, as the authors observe: real consumption per person in France wasonly 60% ashigh as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off thanthe French on average. However, that comparisonomits other relevant factors: leisuretime, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retireearlier, so typically workfewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumablyreflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income andconsumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of thesedifferences, comparing France's consumption with the U.S.'s overstates the gap in economicwelfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. Forexample, thiscalculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, butestimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance over time.According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economicwelfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic we lfare in the U.S. has continued toimprove. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare ismulti-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in pri nciple other importantquality-of-life changes could be incorporated-for exa mple, decreases in total emissions ofpollutants and declines in crime rates.46. What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?A) It is based on questionable statistics.B) It reflects the economic changes.C) It evidences the improved-welfare.D) It provides much food for thought.47. What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?A) It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.B) It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people's livelihood.C) It focuses on people's consumption rather than their average income.D) It is a more comprehensive measure of people's economic well-being.48. What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U. S. interms of real consumption per person?A) It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.B) It neglected many important indicators of people's welfare.C) It covered up the differences between individual citizens.D) It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.49. What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?A) It can accurately pinpoint a country's current economic problems.B) It can help to raise people's awareness of their economic well-being.C) It can diagnose the causes of a country's slowing pace of economic impr ovement.D) It can compare a country's economic conditions between different periods of time.50) What can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well-being?A) It is much better than that of their European counterparts.B) It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.C) It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.D) It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you've ever started a sentence with,"If I were you..." or found yourself scratching yourhead at a colleague's agon y over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there's ascientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over thecourse of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone elseis an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls. The problem is "decision fatigue," a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on thequality of your choices after a long day of decision making, sa ys Evan Polman, a leadingpsychologist.Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely toprescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so. "Presumably it's because it'ssimple and easy to write a prescription and con sider a patient case closed rather thaninvestigate further," Polman says.But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for som eone else.When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their ow n choices as belonging tosomeone else, they feel less tired and rely less on d ecision shortcuts to make those choices."By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer theconsequences of decision fatigue," he says."It's as if there's something fun and liberatingabout making someone else's c hoice."Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought pr ocess; it oftenalso includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it c an be quite good, says Polman."When people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making ch oices—theyhave a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状)," he says."But the status quocan be problematic, since a change in the course of acti on can sometimes be important andlead to a positive outcome."In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is al most alwaysessential."People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do not hingover something," he says,"That's not to say that risk is always good, but it is related totaking action9w hereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin(懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfo rtunatelyhindered."Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do th e same foryourself, Polman cautions."Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries forothers than the y do for themselves," he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.51. What does the author say about people making decisions?A) They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselve s.B) They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselve s.C) They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.D) They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.52. What does the example about the physicians illustrate?A) Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.B) Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients' health.C) Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.D) Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.53. When do people feel less decision fatigue?A) When they take decision shortcuts.B) When they help others to make decisions.C) When they have major decisions to make.D) When they have advisers to turn to.54. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?A) They turn to physicians for advice.B) They tend to make risky decisions.C) They adopt a totally new perspective.D) They refrain from trying anything new.55. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?A) It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.B) It is likely to entail serious consequences.C) It will enable people to be more creative.D) It will more often than not end in regret.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on AnswerSheet 2.自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。

2018年6月大学英语六级真题与参考答案全3套目录2018年6月大学英语六级真题与参考答案-1...... 1-18页2018年6月大学英语六级真题与参考答案-2......19-36页2018年6月大学英语六级真题与参考答案-3......37-55页2018年6月大学英语六级真题与参考答案-1Part 1 writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.范文示例：The relationship between employers and employees is based on the labor contract that they have signed together. However, if this relationship is to develop well and the two sides intend to achieve success through cooperation, trust has to be built between employers and employees.On the one hand, employers should communicate their vision, mission and code of ethics to their employees in order to inspire employees´trust in the company: On the other hand, employees should strictly comply with company or industry rules and regulations. Otherwise, any irregular or deceitful practice will easily destroy the trust between employers and employees. In fact, trust is the foundation on which companies are built. Without trust, no company will be able to survive, and no individual can fully explore his or her potential.Both employers and employees should bear in mind that trust is not built overnight. It requires months, even years of hard work, and yet it may be still very fragile. The trust between employers and employees needs to be nurtured and protected by both sides carefully.Part ⅡSection A Directions：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations．At the end of each conversation，one or more questions will be asked about what was said．Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once．After each question there will be a pause．During the pause，you must read the four choices marked A) ，B) ，C) and D) ，and decide which is the best answer．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre．。

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三）目录2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三） (1)快速对答案 (16)Part I Writing (30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between teachers and students. You can cite examples to illustrate yourviews. you should write at least 150 words but no more t han 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)卷一：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.卷二：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between teachers and students. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.卷三：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between businesses and consumers. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) （卷三）Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2018年6月大学英语六级真题答案详解(第3套)PartⅠWriting(30minutes) The Importance of Building Trust Between Business and CustomersRecently,I saw a cartoon on the Internet.The cartoon shows a cigarette shop owner and a customer who is buying cigarettes.The customer is holding the cigarette,doubting about the quality of the bargain.The seller is holding100yuan,worrying the bill is counterfeit.It reflects a serious social problem—the trust crisis between the customers and the businesses.The main reason for this phenomenon is the constant exposure of fake products by the media.To solve this problem,first we should call on the whole society to realize the value of honesty and credibility to economic development.Second,the government should formulate strict laws and regulations to punish counterfeiting.Meanwhile,the mass media and education departments should play an active role in restoring trust among people.Finally,everyone should raise their own moral standards and have the courage to trust others.Trust is the bridge between heart and heart,and it also has the magic power for people to communicate with each other.When consumers and businesses have established a trusting relationship,the society will be more harmonious and beautiful.原文翻译：在企业和客户之间建立信任的重要性最近，我在网上看到了一幅漫画。

2018年6月英语六级真题和答案听力Passage 1At some 2300 miles in length, the Mississippi is the longest river in the United States。

At some 1000 miles， the Mackenzie is the longest river in Canada。

But these waterways seem minute in comparison to the world’s 2 len gthiest rivers: the Nile and the Amazon.The Nile which begins in central Africa and flows over 4100 miles north into the Mediterranean hosted one of the world’s great ancient civilizations along its shores。

Calm and peaceful for most of the year, the Nile used to flood annually， thereby creating， irrigating and carrying new topsoil to the nearby farmland on which ancient Egypt depended for livelihood。

As a means of transportation, the river carried various vessels up and down its length。

A journey through the unobstructed part of this waterway today would pass by the splendid valley of the Kings, where the tombs of many of these ancient monarchs have stood for over 3000 years。

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析(第一套)Part I Writi ng (30 min utes)Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend avocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】Whether to Atte nd a Vocatio nal College or a Uni versity?It ' s an undisputable truth that virtually all high school graduates will encoun ter the choices betwee n a vocati onal college and a uni versity. And whe n it comes to this question, students ' ideas are not cut from the same cloth. In point of which to choose and what to be taken into consideration,my advices are as follow.In the first place, we should be conscious of the fact that both of the two choices have its own superiorities. For instanee, a vocational college specializes in cultivating humanresources with practical capabilities; while a university servesas the cradle of academic researchers in different fields. Then it does follow thathigh school graduates should have a clear picture of themselves. That is to say, they should know their merits and demerits and their choices must give play to their stre ngths whilst circumve nt weak nesses. In additi on, in terest is the best teacher and it ' s also the premise of learning on one' s own initiative. Thus interest mustbe taken into account because it can not only decide how far one can reach academically and professi on ally but also how happy and fulfilled one will be.In brief, all above just goes to show that there really is no one-size-fits-all answer for the question. The key lies in a clear cognition, accurate self-positioning and the in terest of on eself. Only the n can every one find a right path that works best for us.Part II Liste ning Comprehe nsion (30 minu tes)Sectio n ADirections: In this secti on, you will hear two long con versatio ns. At the end of each con versati on, you will hear four questi ons. Both the con versati on and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 1 with a sin gle line through the cen tre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) He would feel in sulted. B) He would feel very sad.C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappo in ted.【答案】A【解析】题目问如果男士在二手书店中发现了自己写的书，那么男士会感觉怎样。

【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)PartⅠWriting (30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouareaskedtogiveadviceonwhethertoattendavocationalcollegeorauniversity,writeaness aytostateyouropinion.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200 words.PartⅡListeningComprehension (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourqu estions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Hewouldfeelinsulted. B)Hewouldfeelverysad.C)Hewouldbeembarrassed. D)Hewouldbedisappointed.2.A)Theyareworthyofaprize. B)Theyareoflittlevalue.C)Theymakegoodreading. D)Theyneedimprovement.3.A)Heseldomwritesabookstraightthrough.B)Hewritesseveralbookssimultaneously.C)Hedrawsonhisreal-lifeeGperiences.D)Heoftenturnstohiswifeforhelp.4.A)Writingabookisjustlikewatchingafootballmatch.B)Writersactuallyworkeverybitashardasfootballers.C)Helikeswatchingafootballmatchafterfinishingabook.D)Unlikeafootballmatch,thereisnoendtowritingabook.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Achievementsofblackmaleathletesincollege.B)Financialassistancetoblackathletesincollege.C)Highcollegedropoutratesamongblackathletes.D)Undergraduateenrollmentsofblackathletes.6.A)Theydisplaygreattalentineverykindofgame.B)Theyarebetteratsportsthanatacademicwork.C)Theyhavedifficultyfindingmoneytocompletetheirstudies.D)Theymakemoneyforthecollegebutoftenfailtoearnadegree.7.A)About15%. B)Around40%.C)Slightlyover50%. D)ApproGimately70%.8.A)Coacheslacktheincentivetograduatethem.B)Collegedegreesdonotcountmuchtothem.C)Theyhavelittleinterestinacademicwork.D)Schoolsdonotdeemitaseriousproblem.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestio ns.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Marketingstrategies. B)Holidayshopping.C)Shoppingmalls. D)Onlinestores.10.A)About50%ofholidayshoppers.B)About20-30%ofholidayshoppers.C)About136million.D)About183.8million.11.A)Theyhavefewercustomers.B)Theyfindithardtosurvive.C)Theyarethrivingoncemore.D)Theyappealtoelderlycustomers.12.A)Betterqualityofconsumergoods.B)Higheremploymentandwages.C)Greatervarietiesofcommodities.D)Peoplehavingmoreleisuretime.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.13.A)Theyarenewspeciesofbiginsects.B)Theyareoverprescribedantibiotics.C)Theyarelife-threateningdiseases.D)Theyareantibiotic-resistantbacteria.14.A)Antibioticsarenowinshortsupply.B)Manyinfectionsarenolongercurable.C)LargeamountsoftaGmoneyarewasted.D)RoutineoperationshavebecomecompleG.15.A)Facilities.B)EGpertise.C)Money.D)Publicity.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Ther ecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),CJandD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Itisaccessibleonlytothetalented.B)Itimprovesstudents’abilitytothink.C)Itstartsalifelonglearningprocess.D)Itgivesbirthtomanyeminentscholars.17.A)Theyencourageacademicdemocracy.B)Theypromoteglobalization.C)Theyupholdthepresidents’authority.D)Theyprotectstudents’rights.18.A)Histhirstforknowledge. B)Hiseagernesstofindajob.C)Hiscontemptforauthority. D)Hispotentialforleadership.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Fewpeopleknowhowtoretrieveinformationproperly.B)Peoplecanenhancetheirmemorywithafewtricks.C)Mostpeoplehavearatherpoorlong-termmemory.D)Peopletendtounderestimatetheirmentalpowers.20.A)Theypresentthestatesinasurprisinglydifferentorder.B)Theyincludemoreorlessthesamenumberofstates.C)TheyareeGactlythesameasisshownintheatlas.D)Theycontainnamesofthemostfamiliarstates.21.A)Focusingonwhatislikelytobetested.B)Havingagoodsleepthenightbefore.C)ReviewingyourlessonswheretheeGamistotakeplace.D)Makingsensibledecisionswhilechoosingyouranswers.22.A)Discoverwhenyoucanlearnbest.B)Changeyourtimeofstudydaily.B)Giveyourselfadoublebonusafterwards.D)FollowtheeGampleofamarathonrunner.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A)Heisapolitician. B)Heisabusinessman.C)Heisasociologist. D)Heisaneconomist.24.A)Inslums.B)InAfrica.C)Inpre-industrialsocieties.D)Indevelopingcountries.25.A)Theyhavenoaccesstohealthcare,letaloneentertainmentorrecreation.B)Theirincomeislessthan50%ofthenationalaveragefamilyincome.C)TheyworkeGtrahourstohavetheirbasicneedsmet.D)Theirchildrencannotaffordtogotoprivateschools.PartIII ReadingComprehension (40minutes) SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfroma listofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Let ’sallstopjudgingpeoplewhotalktothemselves.Newresearchsaysthatthosewhocan ’tseemtokeeptheirinn ermonologues(独白)inareactuallymorelikelytostayontask,remain 26betterandshowimprovedperceptioncapabilities.Notbad,really,forsomeeGtramuttering.AccordingtoaseriesofeGperimentspublishedintheQuarterlyJournalofEGperimentalPsychologybyprof essorsGaryLupyanandDanielSwignley,theactofusingverbalcluesto 27mentalpictureshelpspeoplefunctionquicker. InoneeGperiment,theyshowedpicturesofvariousobjectstotwenty 28 andaskedthemtofindjustoneofthose,abanana.Halfwere 29 torepeatoutloudwhattheywerelookingforandtheotherhalfkepttheirlips 30 .Thosewhotalkedtothemselvesfoundthebananaslightlyfasterthanthosewhodidn ’t ，theresearcherssay.InothereGperiments,LupyanandSwignleyfoundthat31thenameofacommonproductwhenonthehuntforithelpedquickensomeone’space,buttalkingaboutuncommon itemsshowednoadvantageandslowedyoudown.Commonresearchhaslongheldthattalkingthemselvesthroughataskhelpschildrenlearn,althoughdoingsow henyou’ve 32 maturedisnotagreatsignof 33 .Thetwoprofessorshopetorefutethatidea, 34thatjustaswhenkidswalkthemselvesthroughaprocess,adultscanbenefitfromusinglanguagenotjusttocommunic ate,butalsotohelp“augmentthinking”.Ofcourse,youarestillencouragedtokeepthetalkingatlibrarytonesand,whateveryoudo,keeptheinformatio nyousharesimple,likeagrocerylist.Atany 35 ,there’sstillsuchathingastoomuchinf ormation.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2.RichChildrenandPoorOnesAreRaisedVeryDifferently[A] ThelivesofchildrenfromrichandpoorAmericanfamilieslookmoredifferentthaneverbefore.[B] Well-offfamiliesareruledbycalendars,withchildrenenrolledinballet,soccerandafter-schoolprograms,accordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurvey.Thereareusuallytwoparents,whospendalotA) ApparentlyB) ArroganceC) BrillianceD) ClaimingE) DedicatedF) FocusedG) IncurH) Instructed I) Obscurely J) Sealed K) spectators L) Trigger M) Uttering N) Volume O) VolunteersoftimereadingtochildrenandworryingabouttheiranGietylevelsandhecticschedules.[C]Inpoorfamilies,meanwhile,childrentendtospendtheirtimeathomeorwitheGtendedfamily.Theyare morelikelytogrowupinneighborhoodsthattheir parentssayaren’tgreatforraisingchildren,andtheirparentswo rryaboutthemgettingshot,beatenuporintroublewiththelaw.[D]Theclassdifferencesinchildrearingaregrowing—asymptomofwideninginequalitywithfar-reachingconsequences.Differentupbringingssetchildrenondifferentpathsandcandeepensocioeconomicdi visions,especiallybecauseeducationisstronglylinkedtoearnings.Childrengrowuplearningtheskillstosucce edintheirsocioeconomicstratum(阶层),butnotnecessarilyothers.[E]“EarlychildhoodeGperiencescanbeveryconsequentialforchildren’s long-termsocial,emotional andcognitivedevelopment,”saidSeanReardon,professorofpovertyandinequalityineducationatStanfordUniver sity.“Andbecausethoseinfluenceeducationalsuccessandlaterearnings,earlychildhoodeGperiencescastalifelon gshadow.”Thecyclecontinues:Po orerparentshavelesstimeandfewerresourcestoinvestintheirchildren,whichca nleavechildrenlesspreparedforschoolandwork,whichleadstolowerearnings.[F]Americanparentswantsimilarthingsfortheirchildren,thePewreportandpastresearchhavefound:forthe mtobehealthyandhappy,honestandethical,caringandcompassionate.Thereisnobestparentingstyleorphilosophy ,researcherssay,andacrossincomegroups,92%ofparentssaytheyaredoingagoodjobatraisingtheirchildren.Yetth eyaredoingitquitedifferently.Middle-classandhigher-incomeparentsseetheirchildrenasprojectsinneedofcarefulcultivation,saysAnnetteLareau,whosegroundbreaki ngresearchonthetopicwaspublishedinherbookUnequalChildhoods:Class,RaceandFamilyLife.Theytrytodevel optheirskillsthroughclosesupervisionandorganizedactivities,andteachchildrentoquestionauthorityfiguresand navigateeliteinstitutions.[G]Working-classparents,meanwhile,believetheirchildrenwillnaturallythrive,andgivethemfargreaterindependenceandtim eforfreeplay.Theyaretaughttobecompliantandrespectfultoadults.Therearebenefitstobothapproaches.Working -classchildrenarehappier,moreindependent,complainlessandarecloserwithfamilymembers,reaufound. Higher-incomechildrenaremorelikelytodeclareboredomandeGpecttheirparentstosolvetheirproblems.Yetlateron,the moreaffluentchildrenendupincollegeandonthewaytothemiddleclass,whileworking-classchildrentendtostruggle.Childrenfromhigher-incomefamiliesarelikelytohavetheskillstonavigatebureaucraciesandsucceedinschoolsandworkplaces,r eausaid.[H]“Doallparentswantthemostsuccessfortheirchildren?Absolutely,”shesaid.“Dosomes trategiesgi vechildrenmoreadvantagesthanothersininstitutions?Probablytheydo.Willparentsbedamagingchildrenif theyhaveonefewerorganizedactivity?No,Ireallydoubtit.”[I]Socialscientistssaythedifferencesariseinpartbecauselow-incomeparentshavelessmoneytospendonmusicclassorpreschool,andlessfleGibleschedulestotakechildrentom useumsorattendschoolevents.EGtracurricularactivitiesreflectthedifferencesinchildrearinginthePewsurvey,w hichwasofanationallyrepresentativesampleof1,807parents.Offamiliesearningmorethan$75,000ayear,84%say theirchildrenhaveparticipatedinorganizedsportsoverthepastyear,64%havedonevolunteerworkand62%haveta kenlessonsinmusic,danceorart.Offamiliesearninglessthan$30,000,59%ofchildrenhavedonesports,37%havev olunteeredand41%havetakenartsclasses.[J]Especiallyinaffluentfamilies,childrenstartyoung.Nearlyhalfofhigh-earning,college-graduateparentsenrolledtheirchildreninartsclassesbeforetheywere5,comparedwithone-fifthoflow-income,less-educatedparents.Nonetheless,20%ofwell-offparentssaytheirchildren’sschedulesaretoohectic,c omparedwith8%ofpoorerparents.[K]AnothereGampleisreadingaloud,whichstudieshaveshowngiveschildrenbiggervocabulariesandbette rreadingcomprehensioninschool.71%ofparentswithacollegedegreesaytheydoiteveryday,comparedwith33% ofthosewithahighschooldiplomaorless.Whiteparentsaremorelikelythanotherstoreadtotheirchildrendaily,asar emarriedparents.Mostaffluentparentsenrolltheirchildreninpreschoolordaycare,whilelow-incomeparentsaremorelikelytodependonfamilymembers.Disciplinetechniquesvarybyeducationlevel:8%oft hosewithapostgraduatedegreesaytheyoftenbeattheirchildren,comparedwith22%ofthosewithahighschooldeg reeorless.[L]ThesurveyalsoprobedattitudesandanGieties.Interestingly,parents’attitudestowardeducationdonotsee mtoreflecttheirowneducationalbackgroundasmuchasabeliefintheimportanceofeducationforupwardmobility. MostAmericanparentssaytheyarenotconcernedabouttheirchildren’sgradesaslongastheyworkhard.But50%ofp oorparentssayitiseGtremelyimportanttothemthattheirchildrenearnacollegedegree,comparedwith39%ofwealt hierparents.[M]Less-educatedparents,andpoorerandblackandLatinoparentsaremorelikelytobelievethatthereisnosuchthingastoom uchinvolvementina child’s education.Parentswhoarewhite,wealthyorcollege-educatedsaytoomuchinvolvementcanbebad.ParentalanGietiesreflecttheircircumstances.High-earningparentsaremuchmorelikelytosaytheyliveinagoodneighborhoodforraisingchildren.Whilebullyingisp arents’greatestconcernoverall,nearlyhalfoflow-incomeparentsworrytheirchildwillgetshot,comparedwithone-fifthofhigh-incomeparents.TheyaremoreworriedabouttheirchildrenbeingdepressedoranGious.[N]InthePewsurvey,middle-classfamiliesearningbetween$30,000and$75,000ayearfellrightbetweenworking-classandhigh-earningparentsonissueslikethequalityoftheirneighborhoodforraisingchildren,participationineGtracurriculara ctivi tiesandinvolvementintheirchildren’seducation.[O]Childrenwerenotalwaysraisedsodifferently.Theachievementgapbetweenchildrenfromhigh-andlow-incomefamiliesis30-40%largeramongchildrenbornin20XXthanthoseborn25yearsearlier,accordingtoMr.Reardon’sresearch.Peopl eusedtolivenearpeopleofdifferentincomelevels;neighborhoodsarenowmoresegregatedbyincome.Morethana quarterofchildrenliveinsingle-parenthouseholds—ahistorichigh,accordingtoPew一andthesechildrenarethreetimesaslikelytoliveinpovertyasthosewholivewithmarriedparents.Meanwhile,growi ngincomeinequalityhascoincidedwiththeincreasingimportanceofacollegedegreeforearningamiddle-classwage.[P]Yettherearerecentsignsthatthegapcouldbestartingtoshrink.Inthepastdecade,evenasincomeinequalit yhasgrown,someofthesocioeconomicdifferencesinparenting,likereadingtochildrenandgoingtolibraries,have narrowed.[Q]Publicpoliciesaimedatyoungchildrenhavehelped,includingpublicpreschoolprogramsandreadinginit iatives.Addressingdifferencesintheearliestyears,itseems,couldreduceinequalityintheneGtgeneration.36.Working-classparentsteachtheirchildrentobeobedientandshowrespecttoadults.37.Americanparents,whetherrichorpoor,havesimilareGpectationsoftheirchildrendespitediffere ntwaysofparenting.38.Whilerichparentsaremoreconcernedwiththeirchildren’spsychologicalwell-being,poorparen tsaremoreworriedabouttheirchildren’s safety.39.Theincreasingdifferencesinchildrearingbetweenrichandpoorfamiliesreflectgrowingsocialinequali ty.40.Parentingapproachesofworking-classandaffluentfamiliesbothhaveadvantages.41.Higher-incomefamiliesandworking-classfamiliesnowtendtoliveindifferentneighborhoods.42.Physicalpunishmentisusedmuchlessbywell-educatedparents.reaudoesn’tbelieveparticipatinginfewerafter-classactivitieswillnegativelyaffectchildren’sdevelopment.44.Wealthyparentsareconcernedab outtheirchildren’smentalhealthandbusyschedules.45.Somesocioeconomicdifferencesinchildrearinghaveshrunkinthepasttenyears.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatemen ts.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Tennessee’stechnicalandcommunitycollegeswillnot outsource(外包)managementoftheirfacilitiestoaprivatecompany,adecisiononeleadersaidwasbolsteredbyananalysisofspendi ngateachcampus.InanemailsentMondaytocollegepresidentsintheTennesseeBoardofRegentssystem,outgoingChancellorJoh nMorgansaidaninternalanalysisshowedthateachcampus’spendin gonfacilitiesmanagementfellwellbelowtheind ustrystandardsidentifiedbythestate.Morgansaidthosefindings—whichincludeddatafromthesystem’s13communitycolleges,27technicalcollegesandsiGuniversities—werepartofthedecisionnottomoveforwardwithGovernorBillHaslam’sprop osaltoprivatizemanagementofstateb uildingsinanefforttosavemoney.“Whilethesenumbersarestillbeingvalidatedbythestate,wefeelanyadjustmentstheymightsuggestwillb eimmaterial,”Morganwrotetothepresidents.“Systeminstitutionsareoperatingveryefficientlybasedonthisana lysis,raisingthequestionofthevalueofpursuingabroadscaleoutsourcinginitiative.”Worker’sadvocateshavecriticizedHaslam’splan,sayingitwouldmeansomecampusworkerswouldlosetheirj obsorbenefits.Haslamhassaidcollegeswouldbefreetooptinoroutoftheoutsouringplan,whichhasnotbeenfinalized.MorgannotifiedtheHaslamadministrationofhisdecisiontooptoutinalettersentlastweek.Thatletter,whic hincludesseveralconcernsMorganhaswiththeplan,wasoriginallyobtainedbyTheCommercialAppealinMe mphis.Inanemailstatementfromthestate’sOfficeof CustomerFocusedGovernment,whichiseGaminingthepossibi lityofoutsourcing,spokeswomanMichelleR.MartinsaidofficialswerestillworkingtoanalyzethedatafromtheBoa rdofRegents.DataonmanagementeGpensesatthecollegesystemandinotherstatedepartmentswillbepartofa“busi nessju stification”thestatewilluseasofficialsdeliberatethespecificsofanoutsourcingplan.“Thestate’sfacilitiesmanagementprojectteamisstillintheprocessofdevelopingitsbusinessjustificationande GpectstohavethatcompletedandavailabletothepublicattheendofFebruary,”Martinsaid.“Atthistimethereisnothin gtotakeactiononsincetheanalysishasyettobecompleted.”Morgan’scommentsonoutsourcingmarkthesecondtimethismonththathehascomeoutagainstoneofHaslam ’splansforhighereducationinTennessee.MorgansaidlastweekthathewouldretireattheendofJan uarybecauseofth egovernor’sproposaltosplitoffsiGuniversitiesoftheBoardofRegentssystemandcreateseparategoverningboards foreachofthem.Inhisresignationletter,Morgancalledthereorganization“unworkable”.46.WhatdowelearnaboutthedecisionoftechnicalandcommunitycollegesinTennessee?A)Itisbackedbyacampusspendinganalysis.B)Ithasbeenflatlyrejectedbythegovernor.C)Ithasneglectedtheir faculty’s demands.D)Itwillimprovetheirfinancialsituation.47.Whatdoesthecampusspendinganalysisreveal?A)Privatecompaniesplayabigroleincampusmanagement.B)Facilitiesmanagementbycollegesismorecost-effective.C)Facilitiesmanagementhasgreatlyimprovedinrecentyears.D)CollegeseGercisefoilcontrolovertheirownfinancialaffairs.48.Workers’supportersarguethatBill Haslam’s proposalwould .A)deprivecollegesoftherighttomanagetheirfacilitiesB)makeworkerslessmotivatedinperformingdutiesC)renderanumberofcampusworkersjoblessD)leadtotheprivatizationofcampusfacilities49.Whatdowelearnfromthestatespokeswoman’sresponsetoJohnMorgan’s decision?A)Theoutsourcingplanisnotyetfinalized.B)Theoutsourcingplanwillbeimplemented.C)Thestateofficialsareconfidentabouttheoutsourcingplan.D)Thecollegespendinganalysisjustifiestheoutsourcingplan.50.WhydidJohnMorgandecidetoresign?A)HehadlostconfidenceintheTennesseestategovernment.B)Hedisagreedwiththegovernoronhighereducationpolicies.C)Hethoughtthe state’s outsourcingproposalwassimplyunworkable.D)Heopposedthegovernor’splantoreconstructthecollegeboardsystem.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.BeginninginthelatesiGteenthcentury,itbecamefashionableforyoungaristocratstovisitParis,Venice,Florence,andaboveall,Rome,as theculmination(终极)oftheirclassicaleducation.ThuswasborntheideaoftheGrandTour,apracticewhichintroducedEnglishmen,Germans,Scandinavians,andalsoAmericanstotheartandcultureofFranceandItalyfortheneGt300years.Travelwa sarduousandcostlythroughouttheperiod,possibleonlyforaprivilegedclass—thesamethatproducedgentlemenscientists,authors,antiqueeGperts,andpatronsofthearts.TheGrandTouristwastypicallyayoungmanwithathoroughgroundinginGreekandLatinliteratureaswellass omeleisuretime,somemeans,andsomeinterestinart.TheGermantravelerJohannWinckelmannpioneeredthefiel dofarthistorywithhiscomprehensivestudyofGreekandRomansculpture;hewasportrayedbyhisfriendAntonRap haelMengsatthebeginningofhislongresidenceinRome.MostGrandTourists,however,stayedforbrieferperiodsa ndsetoutwithlessscholarlyintentions,accompaniedbyateacherorguardian,andeGpectedtoreturnhomewithsouv enirsoftheirtravelsaswellasanunderstandingofartandarchitectureformedbyeGposuretogreatmasterpieces.LondonwasafrequentstartingpointforGrandTourists,andParisacompulsorydestination;manytraveledtot heNetherlands,sometoSwitzerlandandGermany,andaveryfewadventurerstoSpain,Greece,orTurkey.Theesse ntialplacetovisit,however,wasItaly.TheBritishtravelerCharlesThompsonspokeformanyGrandTouristswhenin1744hedescribedhimselfas“beingimpatientlydesirousofviewingacountr ysofamousinhistory,acountrywhichoncegavelawstotheworld,andwhichisatpresentthegreatestschoolofmusic andpainting,containsthenoblestproductionsofsculptureandarchitecture,andisfilledwithcabinetsofrarities,and collectionsofallkindsofhistoricalrelics”.WithinItaly,thegreatfocuswasRome,whoseancientruinsandmorerec entachievementswereshowntoeveryGrandTourist.Panini’sAncientRomeandModemRomerepresentthesight smostprized,includingcelebratedGreco-Romanstatuesandviewsoffamousruins,fountains,andchurches.SincetherewerefewmuseumsanywhereinEuro pebeforethecloseoftheeighteenthcentury,GrandTouristsoftensawpaintingsandsculpturesbygainingadmissio ntoprivatecollections,andmanywereeagertoacquireeGamplesofGreco-RomanandItalianartfortheirowncollections.InEngland,wherearchitecturewasincreasinglyseenasanaristocrat icpursuit,noblemenoftenappliedwhattheylearnedfromthevillasofPalladiointheVenetoand theevocative(唤起回忆的)ruinsofRometotheirowncountryhousesandgardens.51.WhatissaidabouttheGrandTour?A)Itwasfashionableamongyoungpeopleofthetime.B)Itwasunaffordableforordinarypeople.C)ItproducedsomefamousEuropeanartists.D)Itmadeacompulsorypartofcollegeeducation.52.WhatdidGrandTouristshaveincommon?A)Theyhadmuchgeographicknowledge.B)Theywerecourageousandventuresome.C)Theywereversedinliteratureandinterestedinart.D)Theyhadenoughtravelandoutdoor-lifeeGperience.53.HowdidGrandTouristsbenefitfromtheirtravel?A)Theyfoundinspirationinthe world’s greatestmasterpieces.B)Theygotabetterunderstandingofearlyhumancivilization.C)Theydevelopedaninterestintheoriginofmodemartforms.D)Theygainedsomeknowledgeofclassicalartandarchitecture.54.WhydidmanyGrandTouristsvisittheprivatecollections?A)Theycouldbuyuniquesouvenirstheretotakebackhome.B)Europehardlyhadanymuseumsbeforethe19thcentury.C)Theyfoundtheantiquestheremorevaluable.D)Privatecollectionswereofgreatervariety.55.HowdidtheGrandTourinfluencethearchitectureinEngland?A)ThereappearedmoreandmoreRoman-stylebuildings.B)ManyaristocratsbegantomoveintoRoman-stylevillas.C)Aristocrats，countryhousesallhadRoman-stylegardens.D)Italianarchitectswerehiredtodesignhousesandgardens.PartIV Translation (30minutes) Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouransweron AnswerSheet2.唐朝始于618年，终于907年，是中国历史上最灿烂的时期。

2018年6月六级考试真题（第三套）为了让大家更好地模拟真实考场，文都网校四六级完全按照真题卷面顺序排版了本套真题，Part I写作部分被放在了试卷的最后一页，与听力部分完全隔开，请大家在备考过程中提早适应卷面顺序！Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes)Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single linethrough the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots,we should look forward to the day in admiration.Mr.Musk is a guy who gets things done.The founder of two tech companies,Tesla Motors and SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and26humans to live on other planets.This sounds like so much hot air,but the near$13billion fortune this entrepreneur has27comes from practical achievementsrather than hypothetical ones.A lot of clever people are28about artificial intelligence,fearing that robots will one day become so29that they’ll murder all of us.These fears are mostly30:as with hysteria about genetic modification,we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with speed and care.And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot.It could,31,be like having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one—or,if that required32intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk’s imagined machine,at least someone to chop the carrots,wash the car and mow the lawn.Once purchased and trained,this would allow the33user to save money and time,freeing up34space in our busy lives to read a good book.I)misleading J)precious K)reward L)smart M)sphere N)terrified O)ventureA)amassedB)casualC)emotionalD)enablingE)eventuallyF)exaggeratedG)extravagantH)generously That is why we welcome Mr.Musk’s latest 35,and wish him well.As long as robots add to the sum of human happiness,reduce suffering and create time to read world-class journalism,we should be their fans.Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do.Section BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each state-ment contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from whichthe information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph ismarked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2.In the real world,nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League school[A]As a high school junior,everything in my life revolved around getting into the right college.I diligentlyattended my SAT,ACT,and Advanced Placement test preparation courses.I juggled (尽力应付)cross-country and track schedules,newspaper staff,and my church’s youth group and drama team.I didn’t drink,party,or even do much dating.The right college,I thought,was one with prestige,one with a name.It didn’t have to be the Ivy League,but it needed to be a “top school.”[B]Looking back now,nine years later,I can’t remember exactly what it was about these universities thatmade them seem so much better.Was it a curriculum that appeared more rigorous,perhaps?Or an alumni network that I hoped would open doors down the line?Maybe.“I do think there are advantages to schools with more recognition,”notes Marybeth Gasman,a professor of higher education at the University of Pennsylvania.“I don’t necessarily think that’s a reason to go to one.”[C]In reflection,my firm belief in the power of the brand was naive,not to mention a bit snobby.I quicklypassed over state schools and southern schools,believing their curriculums to be automatically inferior to northeastern or western counterparts.Instead,I dreamed of living in New York City and my parents obliged me with a visit to New York University’s (NYU)campus.During the tour,tuition fees were discussed.(NYU is consistently ranked one of the country’s most expensive schools,with room and board costs totaling upwards of $64,000a year.)Up until then,I hadn’t truly realized just how expensive an education can be.Over the next few months,I realized not only could I not afford my dream school,I couldn’t even afford the ones where I’d been accepted.City University of New York (CUNY),Rutgers University,and Indiana University were out of reach as were Mississippi State and the University of Alabama,where I would have to pay out-of-state fees.Further complicating my college search was a flourishing track career—I wanted to keep running but my times weren’t quite fast enough to secure a scholarship.[D]And so,at 11pm on the night of Georgia State University’s (GSU)midnight deadline,I applied online.Rated No.466overall on Forbes’Lists Top Colleges,No.183in Research Universities,and No.108in the South,I can’t say it was my top choice.Still,the track coach had offered me a walk-on spot,and I actually found the urban Atlanta campus a decent consolation prize after New YorkCity.[E]While it may have been practical,it wasn’t prestigious,But here’s the thing:I loved my“lower-tier”(低层次的)university.(I use the term“low-tier”cautiously,because GSU is a well-regarded research institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all over the country.)We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools and getting the best grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future.But what if lower-tier colleges and universities were the ticket to escaping the rat race?After all,where else can you leave school with a decent degree—but without a lifetime ofdebt? [F]My school didn’t come pre-packaged like the more popular options,so we were left to take care ofourselves,figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no one was championing for us to succeed in.What I’m saying is,I loved my university because it taught us all to be resourceful and we could make what we wanted out of it.[G]I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery-funded scholarship called HOPE(HelpingOutstanding Pupils Educationally).When I started college,the HOPE scholarship was funded by the state of Georgia and offered to graduating high school seniors with a GPA of3.0or higher.Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during high school,supplemented by a small college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and a modest savings account my parents created when I was born. [H]So what about all that name recognition?Sure,many of my colleagues and competitors have moreglamorous alma maters(母校)than I do.As a journalist,I have competed against NYU,Columbia, and Northeastern graduates for jobs.And yet,not a single interviewer has ever asked me about my educational background.In fact,almost every interview I’ve ever had was due to a connection—one that I’ve gained through pure determination,not a school brand.[I]According to The Boston Globe,students who earned their bachelor’s in2012have an average monthlyloan payment of$312,which is one-third more than those who graduated in2004.Ultimately,that’s the thing universities don’t want to admit.Private universities are money-making institutions.If you can afford to buy prestige,that’s your choice.For the rest of us,however,our hearty lower-tiered universities are just fine,thank you.[J]Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates:namely,strong alumni networks, star faculty,and a résuméboost.But you needn’t attend an Ivy League school to reap those rewards.Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of my college,as well as VICE’s first female editor-in-chief,Ellis Jones.Successful people tend to be successful no matter where they go to school.And lower-tier schools can have alumni networks just as strong as their big name counterparts.In fact,lower-tier school alumni networks are arguably stronger,because fellow alumni recognize that you didn’t necessarily have an easy path to follow.They might be more willing to offer career help, because your less famous school denotes that,like them,you are also full of energy and perseverance. [K]The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists,in which college graduates who applied to the most selective schools in the12th grade were compared to those who applied to slightly less selective schools.They found that students with more potential earned more as adults,and the reverse held true as well,no matter where they went to school.[L]Likewise,star faculty are not always found where you’d expect.Big name schools are not necessarily the best places for professors;plus,many professors split teaching time between multiple colleges and/ or universities.This means,for instance,a CUNY student could reasonably expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professor as they would if they were enrolled in the same class at NYU.[M]It’s possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particular educational résumé, but it’s no guarantee.According to a2012survey described in The Atlantic,college reputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluating graduates for hire,beaten out by top factors like internships,employment during college,college major,volunteer experience,and extracurriculars. [N]Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to succeed because they are deter-mined to.I tend to think so.In any case,if I could do it again,I’d still make the same choice.Today I’m debt-free,resourceful—and I understand that even the shiniest packaging can’t predict what you’ll find on the inside.36.Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.37.The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and books at college.38.The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying to choose a universityto attend.39.A recent study found that a graduate’s salary is determined by their potential,not the university theyattended.40.The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities appear a lot better.41.None of the author’s job interviewers cared which college she went to.42.The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious university.43.In order to be admitted to a prestigious university,the author took part in various extracurricular activitiesand attended test preparation courses.44.The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.45.Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfin-ished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a singleline through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Economically speaking,are we better off than we were ten years ago?Twenty years ago?In their thirst for evidence on this issue,commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by5.2%in2015.Unfortunately,that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful,but flawed and incomplete,statistic.Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that:1)it excludes taxes,transfers,and compensation like employer-provided health insurance;and2)it is based on surveys rather than data.Even if precisely measured,income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being,such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question,we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow,which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare.While by no means perfect,it is considerably more comprehensive than average income,taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time,life expectancy,and inequality.Moreover,it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example.Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S.and France in2005.In2005,as the authors observe,real consumption per person in France was only60%as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average.However, that comparison omits other relevant factors:leisure time,life expectancy,and economic inequality.The French take longer vacations and retire earlier,so typically work fewer hours;they enjoy a higher life expec-tancy,presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care,diet,lifestyle,and the like;and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S.Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S.and other countries.For example,this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at97%of U.S.levels,but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time.According to this measure,as of the early-to-mid-2000s,the U.S.had the highest economic welfare of any large country.Since 2007,economic welfare in the U.S.has continued to improve.However,the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically,the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimen-sional.Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example,decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.46.What does the author think of the2015report by the Census Bureau?A)It is based on questionable statistics.B)It reflects the economic changes.C)It evidences the improved welfare.D)It provides much food for thought.47.What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?A)It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.B)It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people’s livelihood.C)It focuses on people’s consumption rather that their average income.D)It is a more comprehensive measure of people’s economic well-being.48.What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U.S.in terms of realconsumption per person?A)It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.B)It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare.C)It covered up the differences between individual citizens.D)It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.49.What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?A)It can accurately pinpoint a country’s current economic problems.B)It can help to raise people’s awareness of their economic well-being.C)It can diagnose the causes of a country’s slowing pace of economic improvement.D)It can compare a country’s economic conditions between different periods of time.50.What can we infer from the passage about American people’s economic well-being?A)It is much better than that of their European counterparts.B)It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.C)It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.D)It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.If you’ve ever started a sentence with,“If I were you...”or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague’s agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear,there’s a scientific reason behind it.Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices,but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same pitfalls.The problem is“decision fatigue,”a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,says Evan Polman,a leading psychologist.Physicians who have been on the job for several hours,for example,are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it’s unwise to do so.“Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,”Polman says.But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else,they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices.“By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker,one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,”he says.“It’s as if there’s something fun and liberating about making someone else’s choice.”Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process;it often also includes riskier choices.While this sounds undesirable,it can be quite good,says Polman.“When people experience decision fatigue—when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo(现状),”he says.“But the status quo can be problematic,since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome.”In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward,some level of risk is almost always essential.“People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,”he says.“That’s notto say that risk is always good,but it is related to taking action,whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin(懊恼)of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.”Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you’ll do the same for yourself, Polman cautions.“Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,”he says,adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.51.What does the author say about people making decisions?A)They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves.B)They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.C)They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.D)They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.52.What does the example about the physicians illustrate?A)Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.B)Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients’health.C)Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.D)Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.53.When do people feel less decision fatigue?A)When they take decision shortcuts.B)When they help others to make decisions.C)When they have major decisions to make.D)When they have advisers to turn to.54.What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?A)They turn to physicians for advice.B)They tend to make risky decisions.C)They adopt a totally new perspective.D)They refrain from trying anything new.55.What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?A)It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.B)It is likely to entail serious consequences.C)It will enable people to be more creative.D)It will more often than not end in regret.Part IV Translation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具,中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。