Introduction
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nature对introduction的要求
nature对introduction的要求
Introduction 占全文比例10-15$\%$左右，字数控制在400-500字为宜。
在这一部分，你需要提出科学问题、研究假说，并向读者简要概述你的主题和研究的原因，设置研究背景并给读者留下良好的第一印象。
在写作过程中，你应该注意逻辑清晰，段落内容安排合理。
可以采用“起承转合”的四步心法框架结构和“漏斗式”的模式，逐步细化研究领域和背景介绍，给读者一个清晰的思路。
同时，你应该使用适当的参考文献来支撑你的观点，让读者感觉到你对研究的自信心。
请注意，不同的期刊和学科可能会对 Introduction部分有不同的要求，因此在写作之前，最好查阅相关的投稿指南或阅读往期的文章，以确保符合投稿要求。
用introduction造句 -回复
用introduction造句-回复1. As an introduction to the class, I would like to welcome everyone and outline the course objectives.2. The introduction of new technology has greatly improved our productivity in the workplace.3. In his speech, the speaker provided a brief introduction to the topic and then delved deeper into its complexities.4. I will begin my presentation with a brief introduction to the history of the company.5. The book's introduction provides a captivating overview of the plot, enticing readers to delve into the story.6. As an introduction to our vacation destination, let me share some stunning photos of the beaches and landmarks.7. The introduction of renewable energy sources has been instrumental in addressing climate change issues.8. The introduction of stricter security measures has significantly reduced theft in our neighborhood.9. In the introduction of the research paper, the author presents the problem statement and research questions.10. The introduction of a balanced diet and regular exercise can greatly improve one's overall health.11. As an introduction to our new employee, let me give you somebackground information about their qualifications and experience.12. The introduction of a new product line has boosted our company's sales and attracted a wider customer base.13. The introduction of foreign languages as part of the school curriculum enhances students' cultural awareness and communication skills.14. The introduction of an online booking system has streamlined the reservation process and improved customer satisfaction. 15. As an introduction to our project, we will demonstrate a prototype that showcases the key features and functionality.。
introduction英语解释
introduction英语解释An introduction is a way to begin a conversation, a presentation, or a written piece. It's like the first handshake that sets the tone for the whole encounter. It gives a glimpse of what's coming next and makes people curious to hear more. In a speech, an introduction might catch your attention with a funny anecdote or a thought-provoking question. In writing, it might draw you in with a vivid description or an intriguing fact. It's that little hook that makes you want to stick around and find out more.When introducing something to a friend, it's like showing them a new toy and saying, "Hey, look at this!Isn't it cool?" You want to share the excitement and make them interested in what you're about to reveal. An introduction in a book or article might be more formal, but it still serves the same purpose to grab the reader's attention and make them want to dive deeper into the subject.Think of an introduction as the appetizer before the main course. It whets your appetite, gives you a taste of what's to come, and makes you eager for the rest. It's that brief moment that sets the stage and prepares you for the journey ahead.And let's not forget, introductions are not just about what's coming next. They're also about who's bringing it to you.。
introduction
Sample Demonstration 1
In recent years applied researchers have become increasingly interested in the interpersonal relationships with manager-subordinate dyads. The majority of studies have focused on actual similarity between managers’ appraisals of subordinates’ performance (Miles, 1964; Nieva, 1976; Rude, 1970; Senger, 1971), subordinates’ job satisfaction (Huber, 1970) and subordinates’ evaluations of their managers. (Weiss, 1977). A few studies have examined the extent to which subordinates congruently perceive their managers (referred to here as “subordinate’s perceptual congruence”). These studies suggest that subordinates who are more perceptually aware of their superiors’ work-related attitudes receive higher performance evaluations (Golmieh, 1974; Green, 1972; Lavovitz, 1972) and are more satisfied with their superiors (Howard, 1968). (1. Literature review 研究背景及前期成果）
Introduction
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INTRODUCTION结构框架
INTRODUCTION结构框架：1、论文涉及到的选题和核心概念的文献回顾.（1）研究领域（2）前人工作（3）问题所在（4）本文贡献1.Begin the Introduction by providing a concise background account of the problem studied.研究背景介绍）2.State the objective of the investigation.Your research objective is the most important part of the introduction.（研究的必要性）3.Establish the significance of your work: Why was there a need to conduct the study?（研究的意义）4.Introduce the reader to the pertinent literature. Do not give a full history of the topic. Only quote previous work having direct bearing on the present problem.5.Clearly state your hypothesis, the variables investigated, and concisely summarize the methods used.6.Define any abbreviations or specialized terms.7.Provide a concise discussion of the results and findings of other studies so the reader understands the big picture.8.Describe some of the major findings presented in your manuscript and explain how they contribute to the larger field of research.9.State the principal conclusions derived from your results.10.Identify any questions left unanswered and any new questions generated by your study.abstract例句：精美句子总结：To the author’s knowledge*****,There is little information available in literature about ****We conducted this study to determine wether******。
英文论文Introduction的写作技巧-2015-0126
第三层: Specifying the purpose of your research……………………… 可见，引言一般分为三到四个层次。每个层次都有各自的任务与目的。而在语言上也
有各自的特点，掌握这些特点会使写作过程化难为易。下面将对引言各层次的写作特点和 技巧分别加以介绍。 2 如何写引言的开头
英文论文 Introduction 的写作技巧 —as a "hook" to attract the readers
学术论文中的引言(Introduction)是对全文内容和结构的总体勾画（The purpose of the Introduction is to stimulate the reader’s interest and to provide pertinent background information necessary to understand the rest of the paper.Without an introduction it is sometimes very difficult for your audience to figure out what you are trying to say. There needs to be a thread of an idea that they will follow through your paper） 。 The introduction section shows the questions that should be answered for the readers once they finish reading the “Introduction”. 1 引言的内容与结构布局
引言的开头常用句型有： 句型 1：研究主题+谓语动词 be… ．例 a．Fuel cell(燃料电池)is a technology for the clean and efficient conversion from chemical
有各自的特点，掌握这些特点会使写作过程化难为易。下面将对引言各层次的写作特点和 技巧分别加以介绍。 2 如何写引言的开头
英文论文 Introduction 的写作技巧 —as a "hook" to attract the readers
学术论文中的引言(Introduction)是对全文内容和结构的总体勾画（The purpose of the Introduction is to stimulate the reader’s interest and to provide pertinent background information necessary to understand the rest of the paper.Without an introduction it is sometimes very difficult for your audience to figure out what you are trying to say. There needs to be a thread of an idea that they will follow through your paper） 。 The introduction section shows the questions that should be answered for the readers once they finish reading the “Introduction”. 1 引言的内容与结构布局
引言的开头常用句型有： 句型 1：研究主题+谓语动词 be… ．例 a．Fuel cell(燃料电池)is a technology for the clean and efficient conversion from chemical
SCI科技论文Introduction四步法写作技巧
SCI科技论文Introduction四步法写作技巧SCI论文的Introduction应该回答"为什么"的问题：你为什么选择该主题进行研究；为什么它很重要；为什么你采用了特定的方法或途径；等等。
你也可以将Introduction看作是指出本领域内的gap的部分（你的result和discussion需要填补这个gap）; Introduction也可以用来在广泛的研究领域中定义和主张自己的领域（立“山头”）。
Introduction的另一项工作是提供一些背景信息并设定背景。
您可以通过描述您考虑的研究问题或提出的研究问题（在论文的主体部分，您将提供问题的解决方案或问题的答案），并简要回顾过去尝试过的任何其他解决方案或方法来完成这项工作。
学位论文通常有一个单独的、标题为"文献综述"的章节，但研究论文没有这样的部分；但是，Introduction中包含了简要的综述。
既然你已经给出并设定了背景，那么Introduction的最后一部分既应该明确论文中描述的实验方法或分析研究的目标，也应该包括具体的细节或论文后面要回答的具体问题。
Introduction一般包含三个段落，约占一般研究论文正文总字数的10%，采用“倒金字塔式”写法。
四步法写Introduction1. 提供背景资料，设置背景Introduction的这一初始部分为读者准备了后面更详细、更具体的信息。
前几句一般都是概括性的。
以下是一些例子：一篇关于土壤中有机物的论文可以这样开头："可持续的作物生产是土壤的物理、化学和生物特性的函数，而这些特性又明显地受到土壤中有机物的影响。
”一篇讨论细菌在治疗癌症方面可能发挥的有益作用的论文，可以这样开头。
"细菌作为抗癌剂的作用早在一百年前就被认识到了。
”一篇关于锂电池的论文可以用以下句子来介绍研究内容：“锂离子电池的快速增长及其新的用途，如为电动汽车提供动力和为电网供应储存电能，这就要求有更可靠的方法来了解和预测电池的性能和寿命。
Introduction 的写作要点
4.3 Research Objectives
2) When you introduce your research activity
by the words of study/ research/ investigation/experiment, you emphases the result of your work, --- Past tense
e.g. Acid rain is a serious problem in many areas of Europe.
(2) Refer to other people’s research– past tense
e.g. Chen(1992)showed that the water boils at 100°C.
e.g. The purpose of the experiment reported here was to investigate the effects of …
e.g. In this research (study), we investigated the effects of X.
Expressions of Research Objectives • • • • • The aim of this paper is to give… The main purpose of the experiment reported here was to… The study was designed to evaluate… The primary focus of this paper is on… The aim of this investigation was to test …
The content of an Introduction
INTRODUCTION写法
INTRODUCTION写法
一般为三段论
【A 】概论。
研究对象和研究问题，研究对象是什么、意义何在。
研究的问题有哪些，我要研究什么。
本人一般就用四句话说清楚，不多不少。
【B】问题。
别人的研究概况，并指出问题，举2-4个最新例子或观点，每个一句话要有层次！并用1-2句话最后指出问题。
【C】我要做什么。
研究问题的具体诉述。
本论文采用什么新方法、观念、有什么新发现（注意不是结论，但要卖关子的），本方法的意义。
一般4-5句话。
总之，我的INTRODUCTION一般不超过700 Words。
另外，Abstract我喜欢的写法
一个总的原则就是结构化（逻辑上的和数据上的！）
第一句话概括本论文的研究问题。
第二句话就是本论文的发现，
一般喜欢用
（i）；
（ii）；
and（iii），
最后一句话总结意义。
注意（i）、（ii）and（iii）的逻辑关系！
并且一定要用短句，言简意赅！
外国人尤其是美国人不喜欢用那么多有定语的或意思转进的复合长句！
总的说来，前言要从宏观到一般问题再到具体问题，逐层叙述。
a. 首先一般要讲所研究问题在这一领域内的重要性或者提供背景信息
b. 其次要叙述所研究地区能够解决的诸多问题
c. 在这一地区已经开展的前人工作。
一般可以按时间先后顺序列出前人工作的重点
d. 提出前人工作的不足，从而转折到自己要做的重点问题
e. 总结自己的观点
在总结部份，提出自己预期的目标以及有待改进的问题。
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Introduction
Good morning, professors. It‟s my great honor to be here for your interview.
First, I‟d like to introduce myself briefly. My name is Wu Ruo Xi and I …m 22 years old. I come from Xia Meng, Fujian province. My major is pedagogy in School of Educational Science of Gannan Normal University. I‟ll get my bachelor‟s degree in your school. During the four years in my university, I‟ve been studying very hard on my major and at the same time, I‟ve been grasping every minute and second to perfect my command of English.I had a dream---mastering English to become bilingual. Now, I am going to graduate from my university but I realize that what I had learned was not enough for my dream. That‟s one of the reasons why I choose to further my study with a master‟s degree.
Then it comes to my hobbies and interests. In my spare time, I like reading books, especially prose and poetry. The Stray Birds, written by Tagore is my favorite poetry. I remember, there is a classic sentence in that poetry, “I am the autumn cloud, empty of rain, see my fullness in the field of ripened rice.” What a beautiful sentence it is! Besides reading, I am fond of pop music which is helpful to relax myself. I also like playing badminton and I keep running everyday to make me energetic.
Last but not least, my personalities. Generally speaking, I‟m a person with great perseverance and a sense of responsibility. When I was a freshman, I determined to become an English teacher so I spent a lot of time in learning English and mastering pedagogy---a subject that is necessary to grasp to be a good teacher. If I could be lucky enough to be one member of this great university, I‟ll spare no effort to do a good job in academic study and improve myself in an all-round way. That‟s all about my introduction. Thank you for your attention.。