J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.投稿指南
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journal of biomedical science投稿经验在投稿至Journal of Biomedical Science之前,请确保您已经了解了该期刊的简介,主题范围以及期刊要求。
以下是一些建议的投稿经验:1.确定目标期刊:在将您的稿件投稿至Journal of Biomedical Science之前,首先确保您的研究题目和主题与该期刊的范围相符。
仔细阅读该期刊的官方网站,查看其文献发表的主题和领域,以确保您的研究内容适合该期刊。
2.详细阅读期刊要求:在准备投稿之前,仔细阅读期刊的投稿要求和作者指南。
该期刊可能有特定的格式要求,如字数限制、引用格式和图表要求等。
确保您的稿件符合这些要求,以提高被接受的机会。
3.完整的实验和数据:Journal of Biomedical Science是一个侧重于临床和实验医学的期刊,因此您的研究应该具备实验数据支持和有临床意义。
确保您的研究结果和数据完整、准确,同时能够支持您的结论。
4.清晰的写作和组织:写作时,请使用清晰、简洁的语言,并确保逻辑清晰,结构组织良好。
在稿件中,确保包括必要的部分,如:摘要、引言、方法、结果、讨论和结论,并通过清晰的标题和子标题来组织文章。
5.引用重要文献:在写作和讨论中,确保引用并讨论与您的研究相关的最新和重要的文献。
这不仅可以支持您的观点和结论,还可以向编辑和审稿人展示您对该领域的深入了解和研究。
6.审稿人意见的处理:不管稿件是否被接受,审稿人的意见和建议对您的研究都是宝贵的。
确保您认真考虑并回应审稿人的每一个评论和建议,并对文章进行相应的修改和改进。
最后,投稿至Journal of Biomedical Science需要耐心和毅力。
期刊通常会有许多投稿,因此您的稿件可能需要一段时间才能得到审稿和接受的决定。
不管结果如何,都要保持积极的心态并持续努力。
nature biomedical engineering 投稿经验摘要:1.引言2.Nature Biomedical Engineering 期刊简介3.投稿流程4.审稿过程5.修改和接受6.总结正文:1.引言作为一名科研工作者,发表研究成果是至关重要的。
本文将分享在Nature Biomedical Engineering 期刊投稿的经验,以帮助您更好地了解这个过程。
2.Nature Biomedical Engineering 期刊简介ature Biomedical Engineering 是一本关注生物医学工程领域的国际顶级期刊,发表原创研究论文、评论和新闻。
该期刊的范围涵盖了生物医学工程的所有方面,包括生物材料、纳米技术、组织工程、再生医学、生物信息学等。
3.投稿流程在投稿之前,请确保您已仔细阅读期刊的官方网站,了解投稿要求和格式。
以下是投稿的基本流程:(1)注册并登录期刊官方网站的投稿系统;(2)选择适当的投稿类型(如原创研究论文、评论等);(3)填写投稿信息,包括作者信息、论文标题、摘要和关键词等;(4)上传论文的PDF 文件;(5)提交投稿。
4.审稿过程在投稿成功后,您将收到一封确认邮件。
接下来,您的论文将进入审稿流程,主要包括以下几个阶段:(1)编辑部初审:编辑将对您的论文进行初步评估,以确保其符合期刊的要求;(2)送审:如果论文通过初审,编辑将邀请领域内的专家进行审稿;(3)审稿:审稿人将对您的论文进行评估,并给出意见和建议;(4)审稿结束:根据审稿人的意见,编辑将作出最终决定。
5.修改和接受如果您的论文被接受,恭喜您!这意味着您的研究成果得到了认可。
在收到审稿意见后,请仔细阅读并按照审稿人的建议进行修改。
修改完成后,将修改后的论文提交给编辑部。
如果您的修改得到审稿人和编辑的认可,您的论文将被接受并发表。
6.总结在投稿过程中,耐心和细致非常重要。
nature biomedical engineering审稿标准Nature Biomedical Engineering的审稿标准是严格的,以确保只发表高质量的研究。
以下是一些关于Nature Biomedical Engineering审稿过程的重要信息:
1.投稿指南:当提交您的稿件时,请务必仔细阅读Nature Biomedical Engineering的投稿指南。
这些指南将为您提供有关格式、内容和其他关键方面的详细说明。
如果您以前没有向Nature Biomedical Engineering投过稿,我们建议您将这篇指南通读一遍。
2.初审流程:提交后,您的稿件将经过初步审查,以确定其是否符合期刊的基本要求。
这一阶段可能涉及格式检查、参考文献验证和初步的质量保证检查。
3.专家评审:通过初审的稿件将送交相关领域的专家进行同行评审。
这些专家会评估您的研究方法、结果和结论,确保其科学性、准确性和新颖性。
4.审稿意见:审稿专家会提供关于您稿件的正面和负面反馈。
在某些情况下,如果有一个审稿意见是负面的,特别是当涉及到关键方面时,稿件可能会被拒绝。
5.修改和重新提交:根据审稿意见,您可能需要对稿件进行修改。
完成修改后,您可以重新提交稿件进行进一步审查。
6.最终决定:经过多轮审稿和修改后,编辑部将做出最终决定,无论是接受、拒绝还是需要进一步修改。
药物分析化学SCI论文投稿指南医药分析和生化分析在投文章的时候怎么挑选一个最合适的杂志。
1. 分析化学类Anal. Chem. IF 5.646 ACS米果化学会的分析化学杂志,分析化学的No.1,对于做药分的同志,如果你的文章的创新非常大,比如说提出了一种新的分析方法或分析手段,比之以前的分析方法有了明显的进步,具有很重大的意义;或者说你的应用体系非常的具有新意,可以考虑投AC。
The Analyst IF 3.198 RSC英国皇家化学会的分析家杂志,文章质量非常不错,对文章的新意要求也是比较高的,要求在方法学或者体系有明显的创新,然后才有被接受的可能。
不过比之AC还是有不小的差距。
Anal Chim Acta IF 2.894Talanta IF 2.81 Elsevier的两个分析化学杂志,对新意要求不是那么严格,一般来说,只要有一定的新意,能说出比以前的方法的进步之处,实验数据充实,文章条理清晰,都能被接受。
这个一定的新意,就是说在某些方面别人没有做过就行了,看你一张嘴怎么说啦^^而且这两个杂志每年的文章比较多,对中国人也比较宽松啦,起码我们实验室每年都有大量的文章发表这两个杂志上,而且经常是新人练手就投这两个杂志。
如果不能投AC大家可以优先考虑投这两个杂志。
影响因子也还不错。
Anal Biochem IF 2.948Anal Bioanal Chem IF 2.591 看杂志名字就能看出来,要求体系和生物相关,当然,药代药理研究的都可以投稿的。
要求有一定的新意,较容易接受。
其中Anal Biochem今年来IF一直上升,看好!J PHARMACEUT BIOMED IF 2.032 米果医药学会的药物和生物医学分析杂志,影响因子虽然不高,但是文章质量不错。
创新要求不高,但是要求实验作的够漂亮。
Anal Sci IF 1.589 日本分析化学杂志,较容易接受。
Anal Lett IF 0.986 分析快报,只要文章通顺数据合理,较容易接受。
Anal. Chem. IF 5.646 ACS米果化学会的分析化学杂志,分析化学的No.1,对于做药分的同志,如果你的文章的创新非常大,比如说提出了一种新的分析方法或分析手段,比之以前的分析方法有了明显的进步,具有很重大的意义;或者说你的应用体系非常的具有新意,可以考虑投AC。
The Analyst IF 3.198 RSC英国皇家化学会的分析家杂志,文章质量非常不错,对文章的新意要求也是比较高的,要求在方法学或者体系有明显的创新,然后才有被接受的可能。
不过比之AC还是有不小的差距。
Anal Chim Acta IF 2.894Talanta IF 2.81 Elsevier的两个分析化学杂志,对新意要求不是那么严格,一般来说,只要有一定的新意,能说出比以前的方法的进步之处,实验数据充实,文章条理清晰,都能被接受。
这个一定的新意,就是说在某些方面别人没有做过就行了,看你一张嘴怎么说啦^^而且这两个杂志每年的文章比较多,对中国人也比较宽松啦,起码我们实验室每年都有大量的文章发表这两个杂志上,而且经常是新人练手就投这两个杂志。
如果不能投AC大家可以优先考虑投这两个杂志。
影响因子也还不错。
Anal Biochem IF 2.948Anal Bioanal Chem IF 2.591 看杂志名字就能看出来,要求体系和生物相关,当然,药代药理研究的都可以投稿的。
要求有一定的新意,较容易接受。
其中Anal Biochem今年来IF一直上升,看好!J PHARMACEUT BIOMED IF 2.032 米果医药学会的药物和生物医学分析杂志,影响因子虽然不高,但是文章质量不错。
创新要求不高,但是要求实验作的够漂亮^^Anal Sci IF 1.589 日本分析化学杂志,较容易接受。
Anal Lett IF 0.986 分析快报,只要文章通顺数据合理,较容易接受。
2. 色谱分析类Electrophoresis IF 4.101 电泳杂志,有关电泳的毛细管电泳的微芯片的分析都可以投稿,偏生化分析,但是纯粹的药物分析也会接受。
biomedicine pharmacotherapy的审稿流程Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy are two crucial aspects of modern healthcare that aim to improve patient outcomes by advancing medical knowledge and developing effective treatment options. The process of reviewing and evaluating research findings in these fields is essential for ensuring the quality and reliability of scientific publications. In this article, we will explore the steps involved in the peer review process of biomedicine and pharmacotherapy research.Step 1: SubmissionThe first step in the peer review process is the submission of the research manuscript to a reputable scientific journal. Authors typically follow the journal's guidelines regarding the format and structure of the manuscript. The submission usually includes the main text of the study, accompanying figures and tables, and any supplementary materials.Step 2: Editorial EvaluationAfter submission, the manuscript undergoes an initial evaluation by the journal's editorial team. The editors assess the manuscript's suitability for the journal’s scope and aim. They may check for adherence to ethical guidelines, ensure proper study design and methodology, and evaluate the novelty and significance of the research. If the manuscript does notmeet the journal's requirements, it may be rejected without external review at this stage.Step 3: Peer Review AssignmentIf the manuscript passes the initial editorial evaluation, it is assigned to external reviewers. The reviewers are typically experts in the field who have the necessary knowledge and experience to assess the quality and validity of the research. The reviewers evaluate the manuscript based on its scientific rigor, methodology, interpretation of results, and overall contribution to the field. The peer review process in biomedicine and pharmacotherapy is typically double-blind, meaning that the reviewers and authors do not know each other's identities.Step 4: Peer ReviewDuring this stage, the assigned reviewers thoroughly examine the manuscript and provide feedback to the editors. Reviewers assess the research methodology, statistical analysis, data interpretation, and the clarity and coherence of the manuscript. They may suggest revisions, point out potential flaws, or provide additional insights to strengthen the study. Reviewers also evaluate the manuscript's adherence to ethical guidelines, ensuring that the research was conducted with integrity and consideration for human or animal subjects.Step 5: Decision MakingAfter receiving the reviewers' feedback, the editors make a decision regarding the manuscript. They may accept the manuscript without any revisions, request revisions and a subsequent review, or reject it based on the feedback received. The decision is usually communicated to the authors along with the reviewers' comments to aid in the revision process.Step 6: Revision and ResubmissionIf revisions are requested, the authors are given a specific timeline to address the reviewers' comments and suggestions. Authors should carefully address each comment, revise the manuscript accordingly, and provide a point-by-point response to the reviewers' feedback. The revised manuscript, along with a cover letter detailing the changes made, is then resubmitted to the journal.Step 7: Final Review and AcceptanceUpon receiving the revised manuscript, the editors reevaluate the changes made by the authors. They may send the revised manuscript back to the reviewers for a final assessment or evaluate it themselves based on the changes made. If the revisions adequately address thereviewers' concerns, the manuscript may be accepted for publication. However, if significant issues remain unresolved, additional revisions may be requested, or the manuscript may be rejected.Step 8: PublicationOnce a manuscript is accepted, it enters the final stages of publication preparation. The manuscript undergoes copyediting, formatting, and proofreading to ensure clarity, consistency, and adherence to journal style guidelines. It is then indexed and assigned a digital object identifier (DOI) for online access. Finally, the manuscript is published in the journal, making the research findings available to the scientific community and the public.In conclusion, the peer review process plays a critical role in maintaining scientific integrity and ensuring the quality of research publications in biomedicine and pharmacotherapy. This rigorous evaluation process, involving submission, editorial evaluation, peer review, decision making, revision, and final review, ensures that published studies meet the highest standards of scientific rigor and contribute to advancing medical knowledge and improving patient care.。
失眠症是临床上一种常见的可治性疾病,临床上失眠症表现为:入睡困难、中途醒转增多、早醒。
多发生于老年人和妇女。
尤其是难治性失眠,如果得不到有效地控制,可进一步发展为重性抑郁症的一个重要危险因素[1]。
1993年,世界镇静催眠药市场销售额为8亿美元[2]。
随着社会的发展,人们生存压力的加大,失眠症患者将会越来越多,世界各地对于镇静催眠药的需求量将逐年增加。
失眠症的流行也显示出其与个体的年龄和性别有关,在较年长的个体和女性中发病率比较高[3]。
药物治疗是治疗失眠症的主要方法之一,近几年治疗失眠症的新药也取得一定进展。
临床上应用的镇静催眠药有:巴比妥类、苯二氮卓类、非苯二氮卓类(如扎来普隆、唑吡坦、曲唑酮等)、细胞因子、褪黑素及中药等。
1 巴比妥类药物巴比妥类药物是巴比妥酸(丙二酰脲)的衍生物,它与选择性地抑制丘脑网状上行激活系统,从而阻断兴奋向大脑皮层的传导有关。
主要药物有苯巴比妥、异戊巴比妥和司可巴比妥等。
由于此类药物毒副作用,特别是可致严重肝、肾毒性,久用可产生耐受性和依赖性、有蓄积中毒,故临床现已不用于治疗失眠症[4]。
2 苯二氮卓类药物苯二氮卓类药物以其明显优于巴比妥类药物的特性,20世纪60年代以来广泛应用于失眠症的治疗。
苯二氮卓类药物按半衰期(t1/2)长短可分为:短效、中效和长效药物。
20世纪70年代末到80年代初,人们开始关注长效苯二氮卓类药物的白天镇静以及其对记忆和精神的损伤作用,其对老年患者影响尤为明显。
大量临床数据表明,与长效苯二氮卓类药物相比,短效苯二氮卓类药物能明显减少用药相关的跌倒和髋骨骨折及呼吸抑制。
短效苯二氮卓类药物首次服用对睡眠的诱导更有效,但短效苯二氮卓类药物比长效苯二氮卓类药物更易诱发依赖性。
短效苯二氮卓类药物停药后产生的睡眠紊乱具有剂量依赖性,可通过逐渐减低剂量来改善善[5]。
3 非苯二氮卓类药物苯二氮卓类(BDZ)一直是治疗失眠的主要药物,但随着进一步研究,人们发现中枢神经系统BDZ受体BZ基于对通过该受体而起作用的相对亲和力不同,而分为BZ、BZ两种亚受体,BDZ选择性差,即可以激动BZ 受点,又激动BZ受点,在产生催眠作用的同时,也出现了不良反应。
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The name of the corresponding author, to whom reprints will be addressed, should be marked with an asterisk and the corresponding author's telephone number; fax number and email address should be indicated.Keywords: The detailed subject index of the journal is compiled annually with the aid of keywords furnished by authors. These keywords (or key phrases) must be carefully selected to reflect the scope of the paper. General words (e.g. immunoassay, chromatography) should be avoided in favour of more specific terms (e.g. enzyme immunoassay, reversed-phase chromatography). Normally six keywords or key phrases will be sufficient.Abstract: This should be a concise self-contained summary of the principal results of the work described, together with any essential experimental details.Introduction:This should be a concise statement of the background to the work presented, including relevant earlier work, suitably referenced. The importance of the subject and reasons for the readers' presumed interest should be indicated.Experimental (or Materials and Methods): This section should contain reasonably detailed accounts of materials and experimental procedures, and/or references to previously published methods used. Sufficient information should be provided to permit repetition of the work by other workers. When describing mixed solvents for chromatography, extraction or other purposes, the following convention must be adopted: solvent A–solventB–solvent C (a:b:c, v/v/v) or (a:b:c, w/w/w) where a:b:c are the proportions (by volume or weight as appropriate) of the components A, B and C, respectively.The method of preparation of buffers should be clearly expressed, with the pH value and molarity stated in parentheses, e.g. sodiumacetate (pH 4.7; 0.1 M). For mixed solvent systems, it should be clearly stated whether the pH value quoted is the pH of the original aqueous component or the apparent pH (i.e. pH*) of the mixed solvent system. Typical examples of mobile phases employed in liquid chromatography might be:acetonitrile–sodium octylsulphate (10 mM)–sodium acetate (pH 4.7;0.1 M) (25:25:50, v/v/v), and acetonitrile–sodium octylsulphate (10 mM)–sodium acetate (0.1 M)(25:25:50, v/v/v )(pH* 4.7). Discussion of the optimisation procedure for the proposed method / assay should be given in detail.Results:The important results of the work should be clearly stated and illustrated where necessary by tables and figures. The latter should be kept to the minimum consistent with clarity. In particular figures showing linear analytical response curves are generally unnecessary, and will be deleted. The details of slope, intercept, standard error of slope, standard error of intercept, concentration range and number of standards are essential and they should be given in the text or tabulated. This section may also contain experimental detail such as that obtained when describing the development of new analytical procedures. It should include all relevant validation data, e.g. Specificity (Selectivity), Precision (repeatability, intermediate precision, reproducibility), Accuracy, Linearity, Range, Limit of detection, Limit of quantitation, Robustness, Ruggedness.Discussion: The results, and their wider implications, should be fully discussed. In some cases, this section may conveniently be combined with the Results section.Conclusions: Where appropriate, a section may be included, which concisely summarizes the principal conclusions of the work and highlights the wider implications. This section should not merely duplicate the abstract.Acknowledgments:Where necessary, these should be given at the end of the paper.References: Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors.Citations in the text: Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications should not be in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. The Author(s) should make clear that there is new valuable information in the submitted manuscript . Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.Citing and listing of web references. As a minimum, the full URL should be given. Any further information, if known (author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.Example: "..... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result ...."List: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.Examples:Reference to a journal publication:[1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2000) 51-59.Reference to a book:[2] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, third ed., Macmillan, New York, 1979.Reference to a chapter in an edited book:[3] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing, Inc. New York, 1994, pp. 281-304.Journal names should be abbreviated according to CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service).Use of the Digital Object Identifier (DOI)The digital object identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document,particularly 'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal Physics Letters B):doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.Tables: Should each be typed on a separate page, numbered in sequence with the body of the text. Tables should be headed with a short, descriptive caption. They should be formatted with horizontal lines only: vertical ruled lines are not required. Any annotation to the headings or to the tabulated items must be numbered and added in sequence at the foot of the table.List of Figure Legends:A list of Figure Legends must be submitted on a separate sheet to accompany the figures. Each legend must give a concise description of the figure concerned, together with any essential experimental detail not described in the text. In particular, the key to any symbols or distinctive line formats used on the figure must be given.Illustrations:. Graphic files should be uploaded via the online submission page of this journal via /jpba.General points• You may be asked to supply high-quality printouts of your artwork, in case conversion of the electronic artwork is problematic. • Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.• Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font. • Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol.• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files, and supply a separate listing of the files and the software used.• Provide all illustrations as separat e files.• Provide captions to illustrations separately.• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version. • Mark the appropriate position of a figure in the article.A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:/artworkYou are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.Formats:Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics". TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi. TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is".Please do not:• Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;• Supply files that are too low in resolution;• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.Non-electronic illustrationsNumber illustrations consecutively in the order in which they are referred to in the text. They should accompany the manuscript, but should not be included within the text. Clearly mark all illustrations on the back (or - in case of line drawings - on the lower front side) with the figure number and the Author's name and, in cases of ambiguity, the correct orientation. Mark the appropriate position of a figure in the article.Captions: Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions on a separate sheet, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviationsused.Line drawings: The lettering and symbols, as well as other details, should have proportionate dimensions, so as not to become illegible or unclear after possible reduction; in general, the figures should be designed for a reduction factor of two to three. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher. Illustrations will not be enlarged. Consider the page format of the journal when designing the illustrations. Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.Photographs (halftones): Photographs should have good contrast and intensity. Sharp, glossy photographs are required to obtain good half tones. References to the illustrations should be included in appropriate places in the text by Arabic numerals and the approximate position of the illustration should be indicated in the margin of the manuscript. Each illustration should have a caption, all the captions being typed (with double spacing) together on a separate sheet.Colour illustrations:If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to 'grey scale' (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white illustrations corresponding to all the colour illustrations.More information on the preparation of your illustrations and information for authors submitting their article online can be found at /locate/authorartwork.Preparation of supplementary data:Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the Author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier web products, including ScienceDirect(). In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our Author Gateway at .Short Communications:These should describe complete and original pieces of research whose length and/or importance do not justify a full-length paper. The format is the same as that for afull-length Research Paper, except that the total number of figures and/or tables should not normally exceed six. The approximate length should be 10 pages of double-spaced type- script, including Tables and Figures, Keywords are essential. The Editors reserve the right to publish as a Short Communication a paper originally submitted as a full-length Research Paper.For further information please visit the Author Gateway from Elsevier (/journal/jpba) for the facility to track accepted articles and set up e-mail alerts to inform you when an article's status has changed. The Author Gateway also provides detailed artwork guidelines, copyright information, frequently asked questions。