英美概况专八复习1

英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分）Chapter 1第一章Land and People 英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。

2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。

4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wale大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。

(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。

(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。

美国概况练习题：1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____.2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____.3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____.4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____.5 ____has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____.7 In the United States, primary education requires____years.8 Most college students in the United States arein____institutions.9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________.10 _____(which state )is not governed by the common law.练习题答案及题解:1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。

2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。

1. The continental United States lies in the central North American with ___ toits east and __ to its west.A. the pacific ocean, the Atlantic oceanB. the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific OceanC. the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of MexicoD. the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean2. Among the Great Lakes, ____ is the only one entirely in the United States.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake HuronC. Lake OntarioD. Lake Michigan3. The Appalachians run from __ to ___ .A. the north, the southB. the east, the westC. the northwest, the southeastD. the northeast, the southwest4. The biggest city in the U.S. is ___ .A. Los AngelesB. New YorkC. ChicagoD. San Francisco5. The __ River meets the Atlantic Ocean at New York City.A. PotomacB. HudsonC. ColumbiaD. Colorado6. Hawaii became the fiftieth state of the United States in ___ .A. 1948B. 1950C. 1956D. 19597. __ is the largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Eire8. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United Sates is ___.A. the HispanicsB. the Asian-AmericansC. the IndiansD. the blacks9. The Grand Canyon is located in the state of __ .A. ColoradoB. CaliforniaC. ArizonaD. New Mexcio10. __ are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United Sates.A. the BlacksB. The HispanicsC. the Asian-AmericansD. the Indians11. The ___ River has been called the American Ruhr.A. MississippiB. OhioC. MissouriD. Colorado12. The Mississippi River flows to __ .A. the Atlantic OceanB. the Gulf of CaliforniaC. the Gulf of MexicoD. the Pacific Ocean13. The U.S. produces nearly ___ of the corn in the world.? A. 25% B. 35% C. 40% D. 50%14. __ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.? A. The Midwest B. the Great Plains? C. New England D. the South15．The Snow belt areas in the united States refer to North.16. The chief industry in the Rocky Mountains is ___? A. the tourist tradeB. mining ? C. textile industry D. iron and steel17. The United States is the ___ most populous country in the world.? A. third B. fourth C. fifth D. sixth18. New York is located in ___ A. the MidwestB. the Middle Atlantic regionC. New EnglandD. the great Plains19. The United States is the __ largest country in the world.? A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth20. ___ is the home of the space center in the U.S.? A. Houston B. Dallas? C. New Orleans D. Miami??? 21. The Midwest states lies in the ___ part of the U.S.? A. western B. southern C. northern D. northwestern22. The smallest state in the U.S. is? A. Washington ? C. Hawaii B. Rhode island D. Maryland23. In the U.S., the largest city along the Pacific Coast is? A. Los Angeles ? C. Seattle B. San FranciscoD. Portland? 24. The first industrial area in the United Sates is? A. New England? B. the Middle Atlantic? C. the Midwest D. the South25. ____ is the largest city of the Great Plains of the U.S.? A. Colorado? C. Salt Lake CityB. Los Angeles D. Denver26. The largest state on the mainland of the United States is ? A. California B. TexasC. AlaskaD. Arizona27. The largest and busiest port on the great Lakes is? A. New York ? C. Detroit B. ChicagoD. St. Louis28. The sunbelt areas in the united States refer to ____A. the East and the NorthB. the North and the WestC. the west and the SouthD. the east and the South29. The newest state in the United States is A. New Mexico B. AlaskaC. CaliforniaD. Hawaii30. The state of ___ is the leading state in oil and natural gas deposits in theU.S.A. CaliforniaC. Florida B. New MexicoD. Texas31. The Rustbelt areas refers to Northeastern USA32. Please list five metropolitans which located on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. (Boston-Washington corridor )Boston, Massachusetts, new York city, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington, D.C.33. __Florida ____ is the southern-most city( exclusive of Hawaii).34. The highest summits in the US. is Mt. Mckinley35. The national flag of the United States is known as __ .A. the star-spangled BannarB. Uncle SamC. Got DogD. Union Jack36. The Niagara Falls is located on thee US and the Canadian boundary between Lakeand Lake _____________ .A. Superior, HuronB. Michigan, HuronC. Huron, EireD. Eire, Ontario37．Which of the king was executed in the civil war?A. James IB. Charles IC. James IID. Charles II38．Westminster Palace is the ________ .A. seat of British House of ParliamentB. seat of English ChurchC. residence of king and queenD. Residence of Prime Minster39．No. 10 Downing Street is ______ .A. Office of British NavyB. Official residence of Prime MinsterC. Seat of English parliamentD. Official residence of King40．The American Civil War lasted from _______ to ______ .A. 1858,1861B. 1861, 1863C. 1861, 1865D. 1863, 186741．In the U.S., the senatorial term is ________ years.A. 3.B. 4C. 6D. 842．The ____ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.A .WhigsB .ToriesC .RadicalsD .Nonconformists43．Among the Great Lakes, _____ is the only one entirely in the United States.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake HuronC. Lake OntarioD. Lake Michigan44．___ was Britain's first colony in America.A .PlymouthB .JamestownC .PhiladelphiaD .New York45．____ was a king that was so enthusiastic about agricultural changes that he got the nickname“Farmer George”.A .George IB .George IIC .George IIID .George IV46．During the American Civil War, the army of the North was known as ___ .A. the Continental ArmyB. the Confederate ArmyC. the U.S. armyD. the Union Army47．The Marsh Plan offered economic aid to ____ .A. European countriesB. Western European countriesC. Eastern European countriesD. European countries except the Soviet UnionMock Test1. The official name of the United Kingdom is _____ .A .the United Kingdom of Great BritainB .the United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandC .the United Kingdom of Britain and Northern IrelandD .the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. It was under _____ that the feudal system in England was completely established.A .HaroldB .WilliamC .HenryD .Edward3 .The largest and most important museum in Britain is ____ .A .the British MuseumB .the Victoria and Albert MuseumC .the Imperial War MuseumD .the National Gallery4. Which of the following is not a political division on the island of Great Britain?A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .Northern IrelandD .Wales5. The highest peak in Britain is ____ .A .Ben NevisB .ScafellC .SnowdoniaD .Cross Fell6. The first known settlers of Britain were ___ .A .the IberaiansB .the Bearker FolkC .the CeltsD .the Romans7. The Wars of the Roses lasted from ____ to______ .A.1455, 1465B.1455, 1475C.1455, 1485D.1455, 14958. The religious change from Catholicism toward Protestant theology in England was calledA .Renaissance C .Revolution 9. A British Parliament has a maximum duration of ____ years.A .3B .4C .5D .610. In criminal trials, the ____ decides the issue of guilt or innocence.A .judgeB .lawyerC .juryD .audience11. The first English colony in America was founded in ____ .A .1593B .1607C .1618D .162012. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _____ and the North Sea in the ____ .A .south, westB .south, eastC .north, westD .north, east13. The first successful Roman conquest in Britain was led by ____ .A .Julius CaesarB .ClaudiusC .AgricolaD .Constantine14. ____ served as the new cultural centers in England during the reign of the Norman kings.A .The schoolsB .The monasteriesC .The royal courtD .The big townsB .ReformationD .Evolution15. The House of Lancaster was symbolized by the ____ rose, while that of York was symbolized by the _____ rose.A .white, blackB .white, redC .red, whiteD .black, red16. In Britain, the ultimate authority for law-making resides in ____ .A .the House of LordsB .the Hose of CommonsC .the QueenD .the Prince of Wales17. Which of the following statements is not true about the contributions made by the Anglo-Saxons to English state?A .They divided the country into shires.B .They devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system.C .They created the manorial system and the Witan.D .They established the complete feudal system in England.18. The narrowest part of the English Channel is the Straits of Dover, which is only km across.A .25B .35C .43D .5019. Which of the following statements is not true about William's policy toward the church in England?A .He kept the church completely in his control and tried to suppress its power.B .He appointed the Italian-born Lanfranc to be Archbishop of Canterbury.C .He encouraged the church to have a closer relationship with Rome.D .He took care to maintain the independence of the church.20. The Magna Carta had altogether ____ clauses.A .50B .53C .58D .6321. The ____ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.A .WhigsB .ToriesC .RadicalsD .Nonconformists22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained ____ growth rate and ____ inflation rate.A .the highest, the highestB .the lowest, the lowestC .the highest, the lowestD .the lowest, the highest23. The House of Lord is presided over by the ____ .A .Archbishop of CanterburyB .Lord ChancellorC .QueenD .Archbishop of York24. The capital of Scotland is ___ .A .BelfastB .CardiffC .EdinburghD .Dublin25. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?A .About 200 yearsB .About 300 yearsC .About 400 yearsD .About 500 years26. Which of the following statements is not among the causes of the hundred yea'rswar between England and France?A .The French king wanted to take back the territory occupied by England.B .Both English and French kings wanted to control the Flemish cloth manufacturingtowns.C .England wanted to stop France from giving aid to the Scots.D .The English refused to recognize Edward as their king.27. Mrs. Thatcher was British Prime Minister from ____ .A .1980, 1990B .1982, 1988C .1979, 1990 D.1979, 198428. The present Sovereign of Britain is ____ .A .PhilipB .Elizabeth IC .Elizabeth IID .Charles29. Britain 's most popular pastime is ____ .A .reading newspaperB .watching TVC .playing footballD .horse racing30. The destruction of the ____ in 1588 showed Englan'ds superiority as a naval power under Elizabeth I's reign.A .French FleetB .Spanish ArmadaC .Danish VikingsD .Portuguese Navy31. The replacement of James II by William and Mary has been known as _____A .the Glorious RevolutionB .the RestorationC .the ReformationD .the Renaissance32. The decade of 1980s is remembered in Britain as the era of _____ .A .centralizationB .nationalizationC .privatizationD .industrialization33. The Church of Scotland is a _____ church.A .MethodistB .BaptistC .PresbyterianD .Catholic34. The longest river in Britain is _____ .A .the Severn RiverB .the Thames RiverC .the Mersey RiverD .the Clyde River35. _____ were the people who laid foundation of the English state.A .The Celt C .The JutesB .The RomansD .The Anglo-Saxons36. Mrs. Thatcher's Medium-term Financial Strategy was characterized by _____A .prices controlB .incomes controlC .state interventionismD .privatization37. The British Prime Minister is appointed by ____ .A .the QueenB .the SpeakerC .the House of CommonsD .the House of Lords38. ______ is the highest judiciary officer in Britain.A .The Lord ChancellorB .The Home SecretaryC .The Attorney GeneralD .The Prime Minister39. The well-known Lake District in Britain is located in ____ .A .north ScotlandB .north-west EnglandD .Northern Ireland40. Which of the following statements is not among the achievements of King Alfred?A .He defeated the Danes and conquered Denmark.B .He translated Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People into English.C .He founded a strong fleet and became known a“sthe father of the British navy”.D .He established a number of schools.41. Henry VIII was above all responsible for the _____ reform in England.A .militaryB .economicC .socialD .religious42. The ____ presides over the House of Commons and enforces the rules of order.A .Prime MinisterB .SpeakerC .north WalesC .Lord ChancellorD .Queen43. _____ is the ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the United Kingdom.A .The High CourtB .The Supreme Court of JudicatureC .The House of LordD .The Court of Appeal44. Around which time period did the Celts start to arrive in Britain? _____A .3000 B.C.B .2000 B.C.C .700 B.C.D .500 B.C.45. The death of King ____ marked the perishing of Anglo-Saxon England.A .AlfredB .EdwardC .HaroldD .William46. England has been a Protestant country since the reign ofA .Henry VIII C .Mary TudorB .Edward VI D.Elizabeth I47. _____ was Britain's first colony in America.A .Plymouth C .PhiladelphiaB .Jamestown D .New York48. In 1838, the London Working Men's Association put forward a charter ofpolitical demands, which was called a“____ ”.A .Great Charter C .People's CharterB .Greater Charter D .new Poor Law49. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain? ____A .microprocessorsB .computersC .biotechnologyD .motor vehicle50. The head of State in Britain is ____ .A .the king or queenB .Prime MinisterC .ParliamentD .Prince of Wales51. In Great Britain, the _____ is uniquely related to the Crown.A .Church of EnglandB .Church of ScotlandC .Church of IrelandD .Church of Wales52. Among the four political divisions of Britain, ____ is the most denselypopulated.A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .WalesD .Northern Ireland53. “The Danelaw”refers to the ____ part of England which was occupied by the Danes in King Alfred 's time.A .south and eastB .north and eastC .south and westD .north and west54. The hundred year'swar between England and France was declared by ___ .A .Henry IIIB .Edward IC .Edward IIID .Henry V55. ____ was a king that was so enthusiastic about agricultural changes that he gotthe nickname“Farmer George”.A .George IB .George IIC .George IIID .George IV56. The end of Britain's empire was hastened by ____ .A .World War IB .the Great DepressionC .World War IID .the Korean War57. The Prime Minister in Britain is chairman of the ____ .A .shadow cabinetB .cabinetC .ParliamentD .Opposition58. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from _____£1— £1—A .the 11th and 12th centuriesB .the 12th and 13th centuriesC .the 14th and 15th centuries£1— £1—D .the 18th and 19th centuries59. Which of the following statements is not true about St.Augustine?A .He was sent by Pope Gregory I to England.B .He was the first Archbiship of Canterbury.C .He was remarkably successful in converting the king and the nobility.D .One of his greatest achievements was to have converted large numbers of common people in Britain.60. The Black Death spread through Europe in the ____ century.th th th thA .13B .14C .15D .1661. There were ____ Tudor monarchs who ruled England and Wales and the first one was ____ .A .4, Henry VB .5, Henry VIIC .6, Henry VIID .7, Henry VIII62. The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was a ____ conspiracy.A .ScottishB .CatholicC .PuritanD .Spanish63. The British Labor Party got its name in ______ .A .1893B .1899C .1900D .190664 .The members of _____ in Britain have also been known as dissenters or nonconformists.A .the Anglican ChurchesB .the Church of EnglandC .the Roman Catholic ChurchD .the Free Churches65. Which of the following people are not descendants of the Celts ?A .EnglishB .ScotsC .WelshD .Irish66. Which of the following statements is not true about Canute?A .He became King of England in 1016.B .He made England part of a Scandinavian empire.C .He divided power between Danes and Saxons.D .He formulated a legal system in England.67. James I was son of ____ .A .Mary TudorB .Mary StuartC .Elizabeth ID .Edward VI68. Greater London is divided into 32 ____ and the City of London.A .districtsB .countiesC .boroughsD .regions69. The largest church of the Free Churches in Britain is ____ .A .the Baptist ChurchB .the Presbyterian ChurchC .the Methodist ChurchD .theUnited Reformed Church70. The names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday derive from the gods in .A .DruidismB .ChristianityC .the Teutonic religionD .Roman Catholicism71. As a transitional period, Renaissance covered the years between ____and _____ .A .1150, 1450B .1250, 1550C .1350, 1650D .1450, 175072. ____ is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.A .The RenaissanceB .The English ReformationC .The English Civil WarD .the Glorious Revolution73. Which of the following countries was not a member of the“Allies ”during World War I?A .BritainB .FranceC .RussiaD .Germany74 .Among the following industrial cities, ______ is not based on coalfields.A .LondonB .GlasgowC .EdinburghD .Manchester75. To Scots, the most important festival is ____ .A .Christmas DayB .New Year's EveC .EasterD .Whit Sunday76. _____________________________________ Names that begin with M',Mc or Mac are ___________________________________ names.A .EnglishB .WelshC .ScottishD .Irish77. The first Christian church in Britain was established in _____ .A .LondonB .YorkC .CanterburyD .Bath78. The Magna Carta was signed by King John in ____ .A .1213B .1214C .1215D .121679. The Petition of Right was also regarded as the_____ .A .Magna CartaB .General PardonC .Grand RemonstranceD .second Magna Carta80. The British East India Company was established in ____ .A .1500B .1600C .1700D .180081. The Midlands refers to the area of ___ .A .central EnglandB .central Lowlands of ScotlandC .North-East EnglandD .North Wales82. By tradition, the Prime Minister of Britain is also First Lord of ____ .A .the TreasuryB .the Home OfficeC .the Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeD .the Ministry of Defense83. Easter is a Christian festival that celebrates ____ .A .the birth of ChristB .the resurrection of ChristC .the coming of the Holy Spirit to Christ 's apostlesD .the death of Christ84. The most important river in Britain is ____ .A .the Severn RiverB .the Thames RiverC .the Mersey RiverD .the Clyde River85. Margaret Thatcher was leader of the ___ Party.A .ConservativeB .LaborC .LiberalD .Democratic86. In December 1653, Oliver Cromwell was made ____ of the Commonwealth ofEngland.A .KingB .GeneralC .Lord ProtectorD .Lord Chancellor87. There are now _____ Roman Catholic provinces in Great Britain.A .5B .7C .9D .1088. Football has its traditional home in ___ .A .EnglandB .Scotland89. _____ is the most typically English of sports.A .FootballB .RugbyC .CricketD .Horse racing90. King ____ was known of his piety as“the Confessor”.A .AlfredB .CanuteC .EdwardD .William91. Henry VIII 's religious reform began as a struggle for _____ .A .powerB .a divorceC .equalityD .peace92. In Britain the last stage for a bill to become law as Acts of parliament is called .A .First and Second ReadingsB .Royal AssentC .Third ReadingD .Committee stage93. The ____ are Anglo-Saxons.A .EnglishB .ScotsC .WelshD .Irish94. Which of the following statements is not true about the jury system in the reign of Henry II?A .It was replacing old English ordeals by fire and water and old Norman trials by battle.B .A jury was composed of twelve men.C .The jurors'function was not only to act as witnesses, but to hear evidences and give verdict.D .It was originated from primitive trials in which witnesses were called forward to swear to the innocence of the accused.95. It was _____ that united the Houses of Lancaster and York.A .Edward VB .Richard IIIC .Henry TudorD .John Beaufont96. During the First Civil War of England, the supporters of Parliament were called .A .CavaliersB .RoundheadsC .RoyalistsD .Crusaders97. The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from ___ .A .ManchesterB .LiverpoolC .LondonD .Edinburgh98. England got its name“Angle ”land from ___ .A .the CeltsB .the RomansC .the Germanic conquerorsD .the Danes99. Which city used to be the Roman capital in Britain?A .LondonB .YorkC .BathD .Edinburgh100. Which of the following statements is not true about Henry VII?A .He was said to have murdered Edward V and his brother.B .During his reign he refilled the royal treasury through loans, subsidies, property levies and fines.C .He was able to build up England's navy and foreign trade.D .He forbade the nobles to keep excessive power.101. The Church of England is not free to change its form of worship without the consent of _____ .A .ParliamentB .the archbishop of CanterburyC .the archbishop of YorkD .the Queen102. The home of golf is ____ .A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .FranceD .the U.S.A103. Which of the following statements is not true about Elizabeth I?A .Her religious reform was a compromise of views.B .She tried and executed her cousin Mary.C .She was succeeded by her son James VI.D .She enabled England to become a great trading and colonizing country. 104. The game“Rugby”got its name from a ___ .A .townB .countryC .schoolD .person105. Which of the following statements is not true about William the Conqueror?A .He was Duke of Normandy.B .His cavalry was then the finest fighting horsemen in Europe.C .He was Norman.D .He was crowned as King of England at Canterbury.106. Winston Churchill became Prime Minister of Britain in_____ .A .1930B .1935C .1940D .1945107. The Open University in Britain was founded in ___ .A .1958B .1969C .1970D .1975108. The Supreme Court of the U.S. consists of one Chief Justice and __ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 10109. During the American Civil War, the army of the North was known as ____ .A. the Continental ArmyB. the Confederate ArmyC. the U.S. armyD. the Union Army110． ____ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.A. The MidwestB. the Great PlainsC. New EnglandD. The south111. In the U.S., the Senatorial term is ________ years.A. 3B. 4C. 6D. 8112. The Marsh Plan offered economic aid to ____ .A. European countriesB. Western European countriesC. Eastern European countriesD. European countries except the Soviet Union1. The statement “A person cannot step into the same river twice.”was said byA. PythagorasB. PlatoC. HeraclitusD. Democtitus2. _______ said,“One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing.”A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales3. ______ founded the science of logic.B. Socrates D. Thales4. The Republic was written by _________ .A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales5. “Question-and-answe ”r technique was created by _______ .A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales6. “The Renaissanc ”e was between ______ .A. 1500-1700 A.D.B. 1400-1700 A.D.C. 1300-1600 A.D. D. 1400-1600 A.D.7. _______ said, I th “ink; therefore, I am ”.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley8. ________ was called the farther of modern Rationalism.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley9. ______ was called the modern father of Empiricism.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley10. _______ combined elements of both Rationalism and Empiricism into one newcomprehensive system.A. Immanuel KantB. George HegelC. John RockD. George Berkeley11. ______ were mainly interested in love, Nature and art.A. The National RomanticsB. The Universal RomanticsC. The Classical RomanticsD. The contemporary Romantics.12. The British Isles is made up of _______ >A. Three large islands and hundreds of small onesB. Two large islands and hundreds of small onesC. Three large islands and dozens of small onesA. PlatoC. AristotleD. Two large islands and dozens of small ones13. The tower of London, located in the center of London, was built by ______A. King HaroldB. William the ConquerorC. Robin HoodD. Oliver Cromwell14. Between 1337 and 1453 the ____ took place in Britain.A. Wars of RosesB. Black deathC. Hundred Years'warD. peasants uprising15. In English individualistic culture, one should not bother Englishmen without a goodreason and making appointment beforehand seems to be important. It is bestreflected by an English proverb ________ .A. as welcome as a stormB. an Englishmen's house is his castleC. don't wear out your welcomeD. outstay one's welcome16. Which of the king was executed in the civil war?A. James IB. Charles IC. James IID. Charles II17. Westminster Palace is the __________ .E. seat of British House of ParliamentF. seat of English ChurchG. residence of king and queenH. Residence of Prime MinsterI.18. No. 10 Downing Street is ______ .E. Office of British NavyF. Official residence of Prime MinsterG. Seat of English parliamentH. Official residence of King19. The oldest university in Britain is _______ .A. Cambridge UniversityB. St. Andrews UniversityC. OxfordD. Edinburgh University20. British English is spoken in _____A. Great BritainB. Australia21．The goal of Roosevelt's New Deal was ______ .A. to save the American economic and political systemB. to change the American economic systemC. to weaken monopoly interests in AmericaD. to nationalize banks and financial institutions in America.22．The American Civil War lasted from ______ to ______ .A. 1858,1861B. 1861, 1863C. 1861, 1865D. 1863, 186723. The American population movement between the end of the civil war and 1880 hadmuch to do with _________ .A. the westward movementB. the urbanizationC. the industrializationD. the development of hi-tech industries25. In the U.S., the senatorial term is ________ years.A. 3.B. 4C. 6D. 826. The _____ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.A .WhigsB .ToriesC .RadicalsD .Nonconformists27．_____ constitute the dominant sector of the U.S. economy.A. state-owned businessB. privately owned businessC. independent professionalsD. government-run business。

第一章美国概况1.概述American Anthem (国歌)：The star-spangled banner星光灿烂的旗帜American Flag（国旗）: 星条旗美国地理著名山脉河流The Appalachian Mountains (阿巴拉契亚山脉)The Great Centeral plain(中部大平原)：落基山和阿巴拉契亚山脉之间的平原。

The Rocky Mountains(洛基山脉)：“the backbone of the continent”, 6,187 meter high, in the middle of the Alaska.其被称为北美大陆的脊梁，大陆分水岭。

The Cordillera Range (西部科迪勒拉山区)：洛基山脉等。

The Mississippi River (密西西比河)：美国最长、最重要的河流。

世界上第三长的大陆河流（第一长：非洲尼罗河；第二长：南美洲的亚马逊河。

）Missouri river是其最长的分支。

其被称作：“Father of Waters”“Old Man River)五大湖：从西到东：都位于美国东北部。

其是世界上最大的淡水湖群，有“美洲大陆地中海”之称。

Lake Superior(苏必利尔湖，为世界最大淡水湖)，Lake Michigan(密执安胡，五大湖中唯一完全位于美国境内)，Lake Huron(休伦湖)，Lake Erie (伊利湖)，Lake Ontario（安大略湖）The Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布)：在伊利湖和安大略湖之间。

Yellowstone National Park(黄石国家公园)Statue of Liberty (自由女神像)位于纽约湾美国主要行政区和它们的首府和主要城市：地区概述：“美国”的表达有五种：The United States of American/ American /The states/the U.S.A./Uncle Sam美国全国分为50个州和一个特区（哥伦比亚特区，即首都华盛顿所在地）本土有48个州，另外的两个海外州是：阿拉斯加（首府：Juneau朱诺）和夏威夷（Hawaii，主产：甘蔗和菠萝，最重要产业：旅游业，首府：Honolulu火奴鲁鲁。

2008级机场应用英语英美概况复习题2010年4月一、英国历史部分1.Julius Caesar invaded Britain ____ .A. onceB. twiceC. three times2.The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the Sth century came from ____ .A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B3.Norman Conquest began in _____ .A. 1016B. 1066C. 10354.In the early 14th century feudalism began to ____ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end5.The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known asA. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years9 WarC. Peasant Uprising6.By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of ____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet7.In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of ____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow8.William Shakespeare is mainly a ____ .A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet9.In 1337 the hostility between England and ______ resulted in the Hundred Years5 War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia10.England first became a sea power in the time of _____ .A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria11.The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was ___ •A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. Baldwin12. ____ broke out two years after the Hundred Years9 War with France.13.The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was ____ .A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. Bacon14.By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of MontgomeryFill in the Blanks1.The real Roman conquest began in ____ .2.Duke William was known in history as William the ____ •3.Along with the Normans came the ____ language.4.The Wars of the Roses broke out between the ____ and the ____ .5.By the treaty of ____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.6.The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a __________ wa匸7.In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the __________ was defeated by English ships.8- During the Civil Wars (1642 一1648) the supporters of Parliament were called____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called _____ .9.The first two parties appeared in England were the ____ and the _____ .10.After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a ____ •二、美国历史部分1.The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in ____ .A. 1620B. 1607C. 17762.The colonial life can be described as the following except _____ •A. simpleB. easyC. roughD. hard3- The First Continental Congress was held in ____ in September, 1774.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. New York4.The American War of Independence started in ____ and ended in _____ •A. 1776, 1784B.1775, 1783C.1706, 17145.The first ten amendments, known as _____ , were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil Rights6.After the Federal Government was established, the city _______ was chosen as thecapital for the time being.A. WashingtonB. New YorkC. Philadelphia7.____ was chosen as the capital for the time being in Washington's administration.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Boston8.____ was the first American President who was inaugurated in the city of Washington.A. John AdamsB. Thomas JeffersonC. James Madison9.During the Civil War Lincoln issued the ______ , which declared the abolition of slavery.A. Homestead BillB. Emancipation ProclamationC. Both A and B10.The Battle of ____ was the turning point of the American Civil War.A. Bull RunB. GettysburgC. Richmond11.The first thirteen states of the US mainly located ____ seaboard.A. the easternB. the westernC. the northern12.The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including______ as head.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. both A and BFill in the Blanks1.It was ____ who first discovered the America in 1492.2.The New World was named after ____ Vespucci.3.The Indians living in America are all ____ skinned and dark-haired.4.The War of ____ b roke out in 1775 and ended in 1783.5.In 1620 some English Puritans sailed to Plymouth on a ship called _____ •6.On July 4th, 1776, the document called the Declaration of _____ was accepted by the American Congress.7.The first English colony was _____ •8.The US bought the area of Alaska from _____ in 1867.9.The famous novel “__________________ by Mrs Stowe aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.10.America participated in the Second World War in the year ____ .三、英国地理部分1.The total area of the UK is ______ •A. 211,440B. 244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342.England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3.The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____ ・A. Northern IrelandB. EnglandC. Scotland4.Mt. Ben Nevis stands in ____ .A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC・ England5.London is situated on the River of ____ ・A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey6.Edinburgh is the capital of ____ .A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales7.The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except ____ .A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes8.The capital city of Northern Ireland is ____ •A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith9.Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about ____ B.C.A. 410B.750C. 30010.Scotland occupies the ____ portion of Great Britain.A. southernB. northernC. westernFill in the Blanks1.The U.K. is situated in ____ Europe.2.The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of _________ and・3.The U.K. consists of England,_____ , _____ and Northern Ireland.4.The capital of England and of Great Britain is ____ .5.The most important river is the River of _____ .6.The climate of Britain is moderated by the ________________ and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude.7.The population of the UK consists of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the8.The Britons of the Celtic tribes were the forefathers of the modern _____ .9.The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of10.The capital city of Wales is ____ •四、美国地理部分1.The _____ part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range.A. easternB. westernC. northeastern2.Among the five Great Lakes, only ____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB. SuperiorC. Michigan3.The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount_____ .A. AppalachianB. MekinleyC. Rocky4.The world-famous Niagara Falls lie between lakes of ____ .A. Erie and MichiganB. Erie and OntarioC. Superior and Haron5.Hawaii is in the ____ Ocean.A. AtlanticB. IndianC. Pacific6.____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A. FloridaB. LouisianaC. Alaska7.The United States today is the _____ l argest country in size in the world.A. thirdB. fifthC. fourth& The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.A. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto RicansFill in the Blanks1.The United States is situated in the ____ part of ______America.2.The U.S. is bounded by _____ on the north and by ______ and the Gulf of Mexicoon the south.3.To the west of America lies the ____ Ocean.4.To the east of America lies the ____ Ocean.5.The ____ part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range.6.The United States includes _______ states and a ______ district, the District of Columbia.7.The five Great Lakes lie between the boundary of ____ and the United States.& The two youngest states are _____ in the northeastern part of America and _____ in the central Pacific.9. ____ became the fiftieth state of the United States in 1959.五、英国政治部分1.The British Monarchy is ____ •A. electiveB. democraticC. hereditary2.The _____ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.A. Prime MinisterB. CrownC. Parliament3.The life of Parliament is fixed at _____ y ears-A. fourB. sixC. five4.The House of Commons consists of _______ members who are elected from the ____ electoral districts.A.651,651B.535,535C. 635,6355.The __________ is the supreme administrative institution.A. British governmentB. British ParliamentC. OppositionD. Privy Council6.The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.A. CabinetB. Privy CouncilC. Crown7.It is the _____ w ho organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime MinisterB. Lord PresidentC. SpeakerFill in the Blanks1.The present sovereign is _________ •2.Elizabeth II came to the throne on Feb. 6th, ____ •3.The British Parliament consists of three elements 一the ___ , the House of _____ , and the House of ____ .4.The government cannot legally spend any money without the permission of he House of _____ •5.The House of Lords is also called the ______ House, the House of Commons the ____ House.6.The Lords and the Commons share the same building of the __________ .7.The electoral districts of UK are called _____ .8.The Prime Minister works and lives in the famous residence, _______________ •9.The two major parties in Britain are the ____ Party and the _____ P arty.10・ The whole of the UK is divided into __ electoral districts-六、美国政治部分1.The Judicial Branch is headed by ____ .A. the Supreme CourtB. CongressC. President2.The general election in America is held every ____ years.A. 5B.4C. 6D. 33.The symbol of the US Democratic Party is _____ .A. donkeyB. elephantC. eagle4.____ has the sole right to interpret the Constitution.A. The CabinetB. The Supreme CourtC・ President D. Congress5.The symbol of the US Republic Party is ____ .A. tiger B・ elephant C. donkey6.The US Federal Government is composed of the following except _____ .A. the legislativeB. the standing committeeC. the judicialD. the executive7.The number of Congressmen from each state varies depending on _____ .C. the traditionD. the wealth& The law・making or the legislative body in the government is ___ .A. the Supreme CourtB. the CongressC・ the Cabinet D. the president^ committee9. The members in the Senate must be at least ________ years old and those in the Representative _____ y ears old.A. 40, 30B. 30, 26C. 30, 25填空题：1.Only the __________ has the right to interpret the constitution.2.Each of the fifty states of US elects ____ senators.3.The Federal Constitution consists of ____ articles and _____ amendments.4.The balance is always kept among the three branches of the power of the government and this is called the “System of ____ and _____ 二5.The official presidential residence is the __________ ・6 The American Congress is made up of two houses: the ________ and the House of7.In the US the chief function of ____ is to make laws.8.There are ____ members in the Senate.9.According to the ____ , the president should be a citizen born in the US territory.10.The two main parties are the Democratic and the ____ Party.七、英美教育填空题：1 .The two oldest universities in Britain are _________ a nd __________ •2.Tony Blair studied in __________ U niversity.3.The University of London was founded in ________ ・4._____________ courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, videos and a network of study centers.5.There are three academic degrees in Britain. They are __________ ， __________ ,and •6.The fourth oldest university in the United States is ____________ ・7.MIT refers to a name of a university, it is __________________ •选择题：1.William Shakespeare, Britain^ greatest writer went to a ____ school.(a) comprehensive (b) grammar(c) technical (d) independent2.The only independent university in Britain is _______ •(a) Buckingham University (b) The University of London(c) The University of Oxford (d) The University of Cambridge3.The University of Cambridge was founded in _______ .(a) 1836 (b) 1284(c) 1167 (d) 10964.The students of the universities in the second year are called _______ •(a) junior (b) sophomore(c) freshman (d) senior5.An undergraduate student has to earn a certain number of _____ in order to receive adegree at the end of four years study.(a) credits (b) grades(c) scores (d) classes6. _______ i s the third oldest institution of higher education in the United States.(a) Harvard University (c) MIT (b) Yale University (d) Princeton University。

A Survey of English-speaking CountriesI. Review重要城市，尤其是首府和第一大城市，了解这些城市的大概位置Canada: Ottawa, Toronto, Quebec, Vancouver, MontrealNew Zealand: Wellington, AucklandAustralia: Canberra, Sydney, MelbourneU.K.: London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, BelfastU.S.: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Houston, San Francisco, Boston, Detroit, Atlanta1. The northernmost part of Great Britain is ______.A. Northern IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. Scotland2. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf?A. CanadaB. New ZealandC. Great BritainD. The United States of America3. The first city ever founded in Canada is ______.A. Quebec.B. VancouverC. TorontoD. Montreal4. The capital of Scotland is ______.A. Glasgow.B. Edinburgh.C. Manchester.D. London.5. The largest city in Canada is ______.A. VancouverB. MontrealC. TorontoD. Ottawa6. _________ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. York7. The capital of New Zealand is___________.A. ChristchurchB. AucklandC. WellingtonD. Hamilton8. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia?A. Perth.B. Adelaide.C. Sydney.D. Melbourne.9. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.国家首脑（区别象征首脑和行政长官），各国政体（尤其是美国）1. The Head of State of New Zealand is _______.A. the governor-general.B. the Prime Minister.C. the high commissioner.D. the monarch of the United Kingdom.2. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is ______.A. the PresidentB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister第2题颇有争议，各个出版社的真题和教科书说法不一致。

英国概况英格兰面积最大苏格兰，爱丁堡为首府威尔士，加的夫，Cardiff为首府北爱尔兰，贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府伦敦，UK首都：皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂St Paul’s Cathedral在这里。

威斯敏斯特Westminster，伦敦市的一个行政区，也叫西敏寺。

这里有议会Houses of Parliament，包含大钟楼Big Ben，白厅Whitehall即英国政府，白金汉宫Buckingham Palace即英国皇宫，还有St Jame s’ hall 圣詹姆斯宫。

********************************************************************************************1.1215年大宪章(The Great Charter in 1215)，亦称the Great Charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由，保障教会不受国王的控制，改革了法律和司法，限制国王及王室官员的行为。

2.议会雏形，1265年，Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会，就是最早的议会，后来发展了House of Lords上议院，House of Commons下议院。

3.玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革：Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎打了玫瑰战争，都铎胜利，终成五代都铎王朝。

亨利八世进行宗教改革，想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系，使英国教会独立起来。

宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期，新教是Protestant，即基督教，改革叫做“The Reformation”。

伊丽莎白一世时期，伊丽莎白为女王统治英国，她是基督教徒，大力推行新教，从此英国都是信奉新教。

4.文艺复兴运动The English Renaissance：文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期，从1350-1650，有300年，从意大利发起，达芬奇等人为代表。

Daniel 专八人文知识复习重点指南综述：英美概况可以按照国别的经线和地理、历史民族、政治、宗教、教育、大众传媒、文化的纬线交织进行复习。

英美文学可以按照历史时期的经线和流派、作家、作品的纬线进行复习、语言学可以按照概念与运用的经线和语言学分支科学的纬线进行复习。

1．英语国家概况指点框架。

1）国别与地区的经线：英美两国与英联邦重要的国家。

美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、爱尔兰2）英语国家社会与文化知识的纬线、（1）地理：其中有关城市的题目出现率最高。

City of London，世界最大金融中心之一，东西伦敦。

Birmingham，伯明翰，英国第二大城市，工业城市。

Manchester，曼彻斯特，西北部政治文化中心，世界工业革命故乡。

Liverpool，利物浦，大工业中心。

York，约克，英国最大的郡约克郡首府（Yorkshire），北部城市。

Southampton，南安普顿，英国历史名城，五月花1620从此驶往北美大陆，1912泰坦尼克开始灾难性处女航。

爱丁堡（Edinburgh），苏格兰首府，文化古城，有“北方雅典”之称（Northern Athens）；Glasgow，格拉斯哥，英国第三大城市，苏格兰第一大城市。

贝尔法斯特（Belfast），北爱尔兰首府，卡地夫（Cardiff），威尔士首府。

美国：华盛顿，首都；纽约，第一大城市；芝加哥，第二大城市，洛杉矶，第三大。

华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington D.C.），为纪念华盛顿哥伦布而得名。

加拿大：渥太华（Ottawa），首都；多伦多（Toronto）第一大城市，蒙特利尔(Montreal),第二大城市，在以法国文化特色著称的魁北克省（Quebec），温哥华（Vancouver），第三大城市，西南部港口。

澳大利亚：堪培拉（Canberra），首都，悉尼（Sydney），第一大城市，澳大利亚东部港市，新南威尔士州首府；墨尔本（Melbourne），第二大城市；佩斯（Perth），西部重要城市。

美国概况练习题：1 ．_____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A ．Washington D.CB ．Los Angeles C．San Francisco D ．New York City2．_____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions. A．Blacks B ．Hispanics C．Indians D．Asian Americans3 ．Washington D.C. is named after___________.A．the U.S. President George WashingtonB ．Christopher ColumbusC ．both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD ．none of them4 ．American and British English are two_____ of the English language. A．varieties B．elements C．parts D．form5．The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.A ．Thomas Jefferson B．James Monroe C．James Madison D ．Abraham Lincoln6 ．Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.A．Rhode Island B ．Virginia C．TexasD ．Montana7．The national flag of the United States is known as_____.A．the Star-Spangled Banner B ．Uncle Sam C ．Hot Dog D ．Union Jack8．The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.A ．contribution a state has made to the nationB．populationC．sizeD．none of the above9 ．The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.A．the Amazon River B．the Mississippi River C．the Nile River D．the Hudson River10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.A．France B．Spain C ．Italy D ．Britain练习题答案及题解:1 ．D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。

《英美概况》复习资料Chapter 1 1．The The UK UK UK is is is made made made up up up of of of four four four parts; parts; parts; they they they are are are England, England, England, Scotland, Scotland, Scotland, Wales Wales Wales and and Northern Ireland. (Chapter1, p1) 2．Off the continental Europe lie two islands known as the British Isles. The largest of them is Great Great Britain. Britain. Britain. The The The next next next largest largest largest consists consists consists of of of the the the Republic Republic Republic of of of Ireland Ireland Ireland and and and Northern Northern Northern Ireland Ireland Ireland which which belongs to the UK. (Chapter1, p3) 3．The two youngest states of the USA are Alaska in the northwestern part of North America and Hawaii in the central Pacific Ocean. (Chapter1, p2-3) 4. Alaska is the largest state in the USA, it was purchased by the USA from Russia in 1867 for $7,200,000. (Chapter1, p9) 5．The whole of the USA includes 50 states and a federal district, the District of Columbia, which is the seat of the Federal Government. (Chapter1, p3) 6. The major rivers in the UK are the River Severn and the Thames. (Chapter1, p7) 7.The 7.The major major major mountains mountains mountains in in in the the the UK UK UK are are are the the the Pennines, Pennines, Pennines, the the the Cambrians Cambrians Cambrians and and and the the the Grampians. Grampians. (Chapter 1, p7) 8． The Mississippi Rivers is the longest and the most important river in the USA. It flows from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. (Chapter1, p8) 9．In the USA, there are three great mountain ranges: the Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky Mountains and the Great Cordillera Mountain Range. (Chapter1, p9) 10．The The Lake Lake Lake District District District area area area is is is very very very beautiful beautiful beautiful and and and quiet. quiet. quiet. Many Many Many English English English poets, poets, poets, such such such as as Wordsworth and S. Coleridge wrote poems about the district. (Chapter1, p4) 11． Lough Lough Neagh Neagh Neagh ((纳湖)is )is a a a lake lake lake of of of 396 396 396 square square square kilometers kilometers kilometers in in in area, area, area, the the the largest largest largest lake lake lake in in Northern Ireland, and in the British Isles as well. (Chapter1, p10) 12．The renowned Yellowstone National Park in the northwestern part of Wyoming is the oldest national park in the world and contains the largest wildlife preserve in the US. (Chapter1, p6) 13．The Colorado Plateau is threaded my many deep valleys or canyons, among which the best known is Colorado V alley, also called Grand Canyon. (Chapter1, p6) 14．In the eastern California lies Death Valley, 280 feet below sea level. It is the lowest point in the whole of North America. (Chapter1, p6) 15．The three river systems in the USA are the system of the Gulf of Mexico, the system of the Atlantic Ocean and the system of the Pacific Ocean. (Chapter1, p8) 16．The world-famous Niagara Falls (尼亚加拉瀑布) is located on the US-Canadian boundary between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. (Chapter1, p8) 17.The 17.The five five five Great Great Great Lakes Lakes Lakes lying lying lying between between between the the the boundary boundary boundary of of of Canada Canada Canada and and and the the the USA USA USA are are are : : : Lake Lake Michigan （密歇根或密执安湖）, Lake Superior （苏必利湖）, Lake Ontario （安大略湖）（安大略湖）, Lake Huron （休伦湖）（休伦湖） and Lake Erie （伊利湖）（伊利湖）(Chapter1, p8) 18．UK ：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland(Chapter 1, p1) 19．USA: The United States of America (Chapter 1, p1) 20．EU ：The European Union (Chapter 1, p9) 21．The Grampians: It lie in the highlands of Scotland. It is the largest mountain range in the UK in which there are four high mountains, all of which are more than 1000 meters high and two of which are the highest in the UK. (Chapter 1, p4) Celtic Tribes. (Chapter2, p12\13) In order to keep back the Picts and Scots, the Romans built a wall, called Hadrian’s Wall Hadrian’s Wall, , 410-871, the the the Germanic Germanic Germanic tribes latter are: are: are: the the the Angles, Angles, Angles, Saxons Saxons Saxons and and Jutes. (Chapter2, p14) The Indians living in America originated from Asia some 25000 years ago. (Chapter2, p18) Christopher Columbus. (Chapter2, p19) the new continents: the Spanish, the English and the French. (Chapter2, p19-20) The Spanish autumn of of of 1620, 1620, 1620, 73 “Mayflower”“Mayflower”. (Chapter2, p21) . (Chapter2, p21) Thanksgiving is now observed throughout the USA, this holiday began in 1621 as a way Opposed to what was perceived as British oppression, colonial leaders held the First Continental Congress in 1774 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania(Thomas Jefferson drafted Declaration of Independence, which the congress adopted on In 1803, the USA purchased Louisiana from Napoleon for $15,000,000. (Chapter2, p23) the US-Mexican US-Mexican US-Mexican War 14.The 14.The Hawaii, Hawaii, Hawaii, which The USA today is the fourth largest country in size in the world. (Chapter 2, p23) The Hundred Y ears’ War happened between England and France . (Chapter 3, p28) The more important phase of medieval Anglo-French hostility began in 1337 and ended in 1353, and is known as the Hundred Years’ war . (Chapter 3, p28) )is also called the Great Charter. (Chapter3, p28) Shakespeare’s drama Henry VI reflects the Wars of the Roses begun in 1455. (Chapter3, reflects the Wars of the Roses begun in 1455. (Chapter3, The 2 results of the Enclosure Movement are the primitive accumulation of capital and the 6.The 6.The Industrial Industrial Industrial Revolution Revolution Revolution started started started during ．The Chartist Movement flourished most in conditions of economic depression and reached petition, The People’s Charter ,, was drawn up in 1837. (Chapter3, p34) George Washington was the first president of the USA, and was inaugurated on April 301789. (Chapter3, p39) In 1852, a novel Uncle Tom’s s Cabin was written and published in the US, it aroused a great and the whole capitalist world to its foundation. This is the Great Depression. (Chapter3, p47) ．Margaret Margaret Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher was reputation as “the iron lady”. She belongs to the Conservative Party. The Thatcher Era refers to the Silicon valley (London, on the north bank of the Thames , is one of the world’s leading banking and The capital city of Scotland is Edinburgh. (Chapter 5, p75) 3.The capital city of Wales is Cardiff. (Chapter 5, p75) 4.The capital city of Northern Ireland is Belfast. (Chapter 5, p76) The Statue of Liberty (152meters high) was given by French people as a gift to New York City. (Chapter5, p77) Chicago is the largest industrial city and the second largest city in terms of population in Hollywood , the base of the film industry located in Los Angeles, is a world famous film ． Detroit Detroit, the “motor city”, is on the Detroit River between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. , the “motor city”, is on the Detroit River between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. San Francisco locates in in in Boston Boston Boston aera. aera. ) of the UK is the Parliament(is the Congress () in the UK is the House of Lords(贵族院或上院). 3.The supreme judicial body in the USA is the Supreme Court. (Chapter6, p93) The currency of the UK is Sterling(There are three major parties in Britain today. They are the Conservative Party(the Labour Party and the Social and Liberal Democrats Party (2. The party system of the UK is a two-party one. (Chapter7, p101) In the UK, The Conservative Party is the party of the right(donkey and elephant . (Chapter7, p104) Every Every 5 5 5 years years years a major parties: parties: parties: the the the Conservative Conservative Conservative Party Party Party and and and the the the Labour Labour Labour Party. Party. Party. (Chapter7, The five American agricultural belts are the belt of cheese(), the belt of wheat, the belt of corn, the belt of cotton and the belt of fruits, vegetables etc. (Chapter8, p120-121) is the the the The The The New New New Y Y ork Stock Stock Exchange(Exchange(horticulture(．The The Bank Bank Bank of of of England England England is is is the The Federal Reserve System is the US federal banking system and note issue authority, eighteen. All children must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age five to sixteen. That is, English children begin their schooling from 5 years old. (Chapter10, p138) The four most famous schools of all are Eaton College(College and Rugby School. (Chapter10, p138) In the US, many children begin their school education at the age of six, usually graduate from high school at the age of 18 . (Chapter10, p139) UK is is is Oxford Oxford Oxford University. University. University. Cambridge Cambridge Cambridge University University University was was was established 1284. (Chapter10, p141) ．Tutorial Tutorial system system system is is is one There are three academic degrees in Britain: t he Bachelor’s (), t h e Master’s he Master’s ()and the Doctor’s degree. (Chapter10, p142) Open Open University University University is )is the founder of Christianity. (Chapter11, p148) Church of England is a denomination of Christianity or Protestant Church. (Chapter 11, Protestant and Catholic . (Chapter11, p149) In the UK, the most important denomination is the Church of England. It is also called the “Anglican Church” (are over over over 3000 3000 3000 religious are are Protestants, Protestants, Protestants, 24% Roman Catholics. That is, over three-fifth of all American religious people belongs to Christianity. The national flag of the UK is Union Jack or Union Flag. (Chapter 16, p206-207) The Stars and Stripes has 50 stars and 13 stripes on it. (Chapter16, p208) 17, p220) 3、NHS（国家卫生服务体系）：The National Health Service(Chapter18, p226) 。