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24、Ambrose Bierce安布罗斯·毕尔斯1842-1914?⼩品集：The Fiend’s Deligh魔⿁的乐趣;Nuggests and Dust Panned out in California在加利福尼亚淘出的⾦块和⾦粉;Cobwebs from an Empty Skull来⾃空脑壳的蜘蛛短篇⼩说集：Tales of Soldiers and Civilians军民故事;In the Midst of Life在⼈⽣中间;Can Such Things Be?这种事情可能吗？The Devil’s Dictionary魔⿁词典(The Applicant申请者)25、Edward Bellamy爱德华·贝拉⽶1850-1898Looking Backward:2000-1887回顾：从2000看1887年；Equality平等；The Duke of Sockbridge:A Romance of Shay’s Rebellion斯托克布⾥奇的公爵：雪司起义的故事;The Blindman’s World and Other Stories育⼈的世界及其他26、Edwin Charles Markham马卡姆1852-1940The Man With the Hoe荷锄⼈27、Charles Waddell Chesnutt查尔斯·契斯纳特1858-1932The Conjure Woman巫⼥;The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line他青年时代的妻⼦(The Sheriff’s Children 警长的⼉⼥)(the pioneer of the color line);The Marrow of Tradition⼀脉相承28、Hamlin Garland汉姆林·加兰1860-1940Crumbling Idol崩溃的偶像（真实主义veritism）;Man Travelled Roads⼤路(The Return of a Private三等兵归来);Rose of Ducher’s Cooly荷兰⼈⼭⾕中的露斯;A Son of the Middle Border中部边地农家⼦29、O·Henry欧·享利（William Sidney Porter）1862-1910The Man Higher Up黄雀在后;Sixes and Sevens七上⼋下30、Edith Wharton伊迪斯·华顿1862-1937The House of Mirth欢乐之家;Ethan Frome;Bunner Sister班纳姐妹;The Age of Innocent天真时代;The Customs of the Country 乡村习俗;A Backward Glance回⾸往事32、George Santayana桑塔亚那1863-1952Scepticism and Animal Faith怀疑主义与动物性信仰;The Realms Being存在诸领域（本质/物质/真理/精神领域：4卷）(Relativity of Knowledge);Three Philosphical Poets三⼤哲学诗⼈；Poems(A Minuet:On Reaching the Age of Fifty⼩步舞曲：五⼗书怀);The Last Puritan最后的清教徒33、William E·B Dubois威廉·艾伯·杜波依斯1868-1963Souls of Black Folk⿊⼈的灵魂(Of Booker T Washington and Others);The Suppression of the African Slave Trade into the USA制⽌⾮洲奴⾪贸易进⼊美国;The Philadephia Negro;John Brown;The Black Flame⿊⾊的⽕焰（三部曲）34、Edgar Lee Masters埃德加·李·马斯特斯1868-1950A Book of Verse诗集;Maximilian马克西⽶连（诗集）;Spoon River Anthology斯普恩河诗集(Lucinda Matlock鲁欣达·马物罗克)35、Edwin Arlington Robinson鲁宾逊1869-1935Captain Craig克雷格上尉---诗体⼩说；The Town Down the River河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的⼈;Avon’s Harvest沃冯的收成;Collected Poems诗集36、Frank Norris弗兰克·诺⾥斯1870-1902Moran of the Lady Letty茱蒂夫⼈号上的莫兰（romantic）;Mc-Teague麦克提格（naturalistic）;The Epic of theWheat(realistic)⼩麦诗史(The Octopus章鱼,The Pit⼩麦交易所);A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West ⼩麦交易所及其他新⽼西部故事37、Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-1900Magic:A Girl of the Streets街头⼥郎梅姬（美国⽂学⾸次站在同情⽴场上描写受辱妇⼥的悲惨命运）；The Red Badge of Courage红⾊英勇勋章；The Open Boat⼩划⼦;The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky新娘来到黄天镇38、Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer⾦融家,The Titan巨⼈,The Stoic);An American Tragedy美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟⼤的⼩说）;Nigger Jeff⿊⼈杰弗39、Paul Laurence Dumbar保尔·劳伦斯·邓巴1872-1906We Wear the Mask我们带着⾯具他是美国第⼀个有成就的⿊⼈诗⼈，被称为“⿊种⼈的桂冠诗⼈”(Poet Laureate of the Negro Race)40、Jack London杰克·伦敦1876-1916The Son of the Wolf狼之⼦,The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf海狼;White Fang⽩獠⽛;The People of the Abyss深渊中的⼈们;The Iron Heel铁蹄;Marti Eden马丁·伊登;How I become a Socialist我怎样成为社会党⼈;The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me⽣命对我意味着什么;Revolution⾰命;Love of Life热爱⽣命;The Mexican墨西哥⼈;Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下41、Upton Sinclair厄普顿·⾟克莱尔1878-1968Spring and Harvest春天与收获;The Jungle屠场（揭发⿊幕运动的代表作家）;King Coal煤炭⼤王;Oil⽯油;Boston波⼠顿;Dragon’s Teeth龙齿42、Irving Babbitt欧⽂·⽩壁德1865-1933（新⼈⽂主义主要代表）Literature and the American College⽂学与美国学院（）要求恢复古典⽂学教学;The New Laokoon新拉奥孔;Rousseau and Romanticism卢梭与浪漫主义;Democracy and Leadership民主与领导;On being Creative论创造性。
American Literature: A Concise HistoryI.Review1.Wh.wrot.Th.American.(2023).A.Herma.Melville B.Nathanie.Hawthorn.C.Henr.JamesD.Theodor.Dreise.2.Deat.o..Salesma.wa.writte.by____.(2023)lerB.Ernes.HemingwayC.Ralp.EllisonD.Jame.Baldwin3.Th.nove.Fo.Who.th.Bel.Toll.i.writte.by___.(2023)A.Scot.FitzgeraldB.Willia.FaulknerC.Eugen.O’NeilD.Ernes.Hemingway4.Willia.Sydne.Porter.know.a.O’Henry.i.mos.famou.for_____.(2023)A.hi.poemsB.hi.playsC.hi.shor.storiesD.hi.novelsII.Historica.Periods1.Colonia.Period.17th~18t.(fait..reason)2.Romanti.Period.en.o.18t.t.th.Civi.Wa.★3.Th.Ag.o.Realism.1865-189.★4.Th.Ag.o.Naturalism.1890-19005.Moder.Period.1912-194.★6.Postwa.Realism.1950s-1960s7.Postmodernism.1960s-1980sIII.Ke.Figures1.Benjami.Franklin2.Jame.Fenimor.Cooper.Washingto.Irving.Edga.Alla.Poe.Wal.Whitman.Emil.Dickinson/Nathanie.Hawthorne.Herma. Melvill.(R.W.Emerson.H.D.Thoreau)3.O’Henry.Henr.James.Mar.Twai.4.Stepha.Crane.Theodor.Dreiser.Jac.London5.Ezr.Pound.T.S.Eliot.R.L.Frost/Ernes.Hemingway.F.S.Fitzgerald.Sinclai.Lewis.Joh.Steinbeck/Eugen.O’ler6.Jerom.Salinger7.NabokovMark Twain: ①Trend: realism (local colorism) ②Genre: fiction ③Masterpiece: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ④Distinctive Style: vernacular language ⑤Other Important WorksIV.Sample1.America.literatur.produce.onl.on.femal.poe.durin.th.19t.century.Sh.wa.__________..A.Ann.Bradstreet B.Jan.AustenC.Katherin.Ann.Porte.D.Emil.Dickinson2.Th.firs.America.t.wi.th.Nobe.Priz.fo.Literatur.wa..shar.socia.critic.whos.nam.wa.__________..A.T.S.Elio... B.Sinclai.LewisC.Ernes.Hemingway .D.Willia.Faulkne.3.Whic.o.th.followin.i.NO.include.i.Dreiser’strilogy of desire concerning the ruthlessness ofcapitalists?A.Th.GeniusB.Th.Financie.C.Th.TitanD.Th.Stoi.4.Wit.Howells.James.an.Mar.Twai.activ.o.th.scene._________.becam.th.majo.tren.i.th.seventie.an.eightie.o.th.ninetee nt.century.A.sentimentalismB.romanticismC.realismD.naturalism5.Fro.173.t.1758.Frankli.wrot.an.publishe.hi.famou.__________.a.annua.collectio.o.proverbs.A.AutobiographyB.Poo.Richard’.Almanacmo.SenseD.Th.Genera.Magazine6.“Th.America.Renaissance.i.th.perio.o._____.i.th.histor.o.America.literature.A.loca.colorismB.RomanticismC.TranscendentalismD.Colonism7.________.i.Mar.Twain’.maste.work.th.on.boo.fro.whic.a.Hemingwa.noted.“es”.A.Th.Gilde.AgeB.Lif.o.th.MississippiC.Th.Adventure.o.To.SawyerD.Th.Adventure.o.Huckleberr.Finn8.______.i.th.onl.America.playwrigh.awarde.Nobe.Priz.o.Literature.lerB.Eugen.O’NeillC.Tennesse.WilliamsD.Sinclai.Lewis9.Whic.o.th.followin.doe.NO.belon.t.“Bea.Generation”?A.Jac.KerouacB.F.S.FitzgeraldC.Alle.GinsbergD.Willia.Burroughs10._________.i.identifie.a.th.fathe.o.moder.America.poetry.wh.als.play.a.importan.rol.i.transmittin.Chines.cultur.t.th. English-speakin.world.A.T.S.EliotB.Rober.FrostC.Ezr.PoundD.Wal.WhitmanI.Colonia.Period.17th~18t.The influence of Puritanism on writing:fresh, simple and plaintraceable to the direct influence of the Biblefrequent reference to the technique of symbolismAnne BradstreetThe Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in AmericaMichael WigglesworthThe Day of DoomEdward Taylor: a metaphysical poetBenjamin Franklin: the spokesman of the American Enlightenment (Age of Reason/Great Awakening); created the image of the Yankeepseudonym: Silence DogoodPoor Richard’s AlmanacAutobiographyThomas Paine (his style: plain)Common Sense—the first pamphlet urging immediate independence from Britain; his most famous pamphlet; the greatest of the Revolutionary pamphletsPhilip FreneauThe first American-born poet; Poet of the American RevolutionTheme: nationalismThe beginning of American RomanticismII.Romanti.Period.1.Earl.RomanticsNew England Poets (Fireside/Schoolroom Poets):Henry Wadsworth LongfellowThe song of Hiawatha—the first American epic in blank verse about the American IndiansThe first American poet to be honored by having his bust placed in the Poets’ Corner of Westminster AbbeyWilliam Cullen Bryant: the American WordsworthThanatopsis (pondering on death)—his greatest poemNovelist:James Fenimore Cooper: the first successful American novelist32 novels3 kinds:about the revolutionary past—The Spyabout the sea—The pilot★abou.th.frontier—Th.Leatherstockin.Tale.(s.o.th.Mohicans.Th.Prairie.Th.Pathfinder.an.Th.Deersl ayer.protagonist.Natt.Bumppo-.“wrence)Story Writer and Prose Stylist:Washington IrvingThe Sketch Book won him international fame“Rip Van Winkle” & “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”“Crayon” styleIntroduced the familiar essay to AmericaII.Romanti.Period.2.TranscendentalistsNew England Transcendentalism=American RenaissanceFeatures:It stressed the power of intuition.It placed spirit first and matter second.It took nature as symbolic of spirit or God.It emphasized the significance of the individual.It envisioned religion as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “Oversoul”. It held that commerce was degrading.The Transcendental Club & their journal The DialEssayists:Ralph Waldo EmersonTranscendentalism’s most semin al forceThe Lyceum MovementNature—“the manifesto of American transcendentalism”The American Scholar—“America’s Declaration of Intellectual Independence”Henry David ThoreauHis first major influence: nonviolent struggle as expressed in his “Civil Disobedience”His second major influence: call of “Back to Nature”Walden—a classic of American prose; reads like a diary of a nature loverSymbolismII.Romanti.Period.3.Hig.RomanticsEdgar Allan PoeLiterary theories:1) A theory of PoetryTh.mos.importan.purpos.o.poetr.i.th.creatio.o.beaut.(Englis.a..mediu.o.pur.musica.an.rhythmi.beauty).The tone of its highest manifestation is one of sadness.The death of a beautiful woman is the most potential topic.death –predominant theme in Poe’s writing“Po.i.no.intereste.i.anythin.alive.Everythin.i.Poe’.writing.i.dead.”2) About His FictionThe mental world of the people should be illuminated.The principle of concentration and thematic totality should be stressed.Truth rather than beauty is often the aim of the tale.Literary achievements:The Raven—his most famous narrative poemDetective stories, ratiocinative stories & science fictionThe Murders in the Rue MorgueThe Fall of the House of UsherThe Masque of the Red DeathWalt WhitmanLeaves of Grass (9 editions)—America’s first genuine epic poemStyle: free verseThe envelope structure, catalogue technique, thought rhythmRepresents a turning point in the history of American poetryEmily DickinsonFor the whole 19th century she was the only woman poet who enjoys high academic esteem today.PoemsThemes:religion – doubt and belief about religious subjectsdeath and immortalitylove – suffering and frustration caused by lovephysical aspect of desirenature – kind and cruelfree will and human responsibilityNathaniel Hawthorne—the first American romancer; the first major novelist in English to wed morality to artHis novels were perhaps the deepest and most psychological in the 19th century.The Scarlet LetterHester Prynne, Pearl, Chillingworth, DimmesdalePoin.o.view.Evi.i.a.th.cor.o.huma.life.Whereve.ther.i.sin.ther.i.punishment.Si.o.evi.ca.b.passe.fro.generatio.t.generatio n.Herman Meiville—an adventure writer, known as “a man who lived with cannibals”Moby Dick—the first American prose epic; the greatest American novel by some criticsA symbol to represent cruel, brutal, malicious powers of natureThe technique of multiple viewsStyle: highly symbolic and metaphoricalIII.Th.Ag.o.RealismFeatures:truthful description of lifetypical character under typical circumstanceobjective rather than idealized, close observation and investigation of life“Realistic writers are like scientists.”open-ending:ple.an.canno.b.full.understood.I.leave.muc.roo.fo.reader.t.thin.b.themselves.William Dean HowellsProductive except the genre of poetryThe Rise of Silas LaphamWillia.Sydne.Porte.(O.Henry)Th.surpris.endin.i.hi.specialty.e.g.“Th.Co.an.th.Anthem”.Sherwood Anderson: Winesburg, Ohio★Henry James: novels of mannersDeveloped the international novelle.establishe.hi.reputatio.a.hom.an.abroa.(theme.America.innocenc.vs.Europea.sophistication)The Ambassadors: his most “perfect” work of art, claimed by himself3 influential subjects: children, new women and artistsTheory of fiction in his The Art of FictionChief criterion: showing rather than tellinghonors: the first of the “modern psychological novelists”A “realist of the inner life”A bridge of American and European culturesLocal ColorismThe late 1860s to early 1870sTo write or present local characters of their regions in truthful depiction distinguished from others, usually a very small part of the world.Hamlin Garland’s “Under the Lion’s Paw”Harriet Beecher Stowe: Uncle Tom’s Cabin—the greatest of all anti-slavery literatureMark Twain (Samuel Clemens)—“the Lincoln of our literature”; the true father of American literatureOne famous essay: “To the Person Sitting in Darkness”His greatest achievement: The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnOther works: His penname was made famous by “The Notorious Jumping Frog of the Calaverus County”;The Gilded Age: a satire against corruptionThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer; Life on the Mississippicolloquial language, vernacular language, dialectslocal coloursyntactic feature: sentences are simple, brief, sometimes ungrammaticalhumourtall tales (highly exaggerated)social criticism (satire on the different ugly things in society)parisonThemeHowells – middle classJames – upper classTwain – lower classTechniqueHowells –genteel realismJames – psychological realismTwain – local colorism and colloquialismIV.Th.Ag.o.NaturalismRealis.vs.Naturalism:Though naturalists also describe real life, they present harsher reality, usually the violent, sensational, unpleasant, and ugly aspects of life.Their writing style and technique were more innovative.Stephan Crane--pessimismMaggie, A Girl of the Streets—the first naturalistic novel written by an AmericanThe Red Badge of Courage—his most famous book about the American Civil WarStyle: realistic, naturalistic, and impressionisticFrank Norris--optimismMcTeague—the first full-bodied naturalistic American novelThe Octopus—his most impressive prose epicTheodore Dreiser–“the wheelhouse of American naturalism”Sister Carrie: a slave to her heredity and to her environmentAn American Tragedy: his masterpieceStyle: journalistic method of reiteration, word-pictures, sharp contrast, stubborn honestyJack LondonThe Son of the Wolf—first collection of the storiesThe Call of the Wild—an all-time best sellerHis fiction has the unusual and intriguing power of ancient myth.The originator of a new type of writing: rough realismV.Moder.Period.1.PoetrySub-branches:Imagism, symbolism, impressionism, futurism, constructivism, surrealism, etcFeatures:Modernism dramatized discontinuity.Modernists had a sense of fragmentation.I.ha..stron.an.consciou.brea.wit.tradition.(strea.o.consciousness)V.Moder.Perio.1.PoetryEzra Pound—the father of modern American poetryCantos—his major work of poetryCathay—a volume of Chinese translationsStyle: clarity, precision and a direct conversational diction, economy of verseImagismT.S.Eliot—.poet..playwright.an..literar.criticHe declared himself a “classicist in literature, royalist in politics, and Anglo-Catholic in religion”The Waste Land—a central poem of modernism; reads like a manifesto of the “Lost Generation”Five segmentsOrganizing principle: the myth of death and rebirthNew England Poets:E.A.Robinso.wo.Pulitze.fo.thre.times.Robert Lee Frost—the most popular American poet from 1914 to his deathHe won Pulitzer for four times.Pastoral poetryV.Moder.Perio.2.FictionLost Generation:The term was first used by Gertrude Stein.Ernest Hemingway—a Nobel Prize Winner (1954)The Sun also RisesA Farewell to Arms: established his reputation as a great American writerFor Whom the Bell TollsThe Old Man and the SeaTelegraphic styleIceberg theory of writing“the code hero”Francis Scott FitzgeraldThis Side of Paradise—his first novel; the first American novel depicting the casual dissipations of “flaming youth”The Great Gatsby—his best novel which deals with the frustration and despair resulting from the failure of the American dream★Sinclair Lewis—the first American writer to receive the Nobel Prize for literature (1930)Main Street satirizes the smug provincial complacency of the middle classBabbitt—his masterpieceThe word “babbittry” means energetic shallowness and self-satisfactionSatiric monologueJohn Steinbeck—the foremost writer of the Great DepressionThe Grapes of Wrath—his masterpiece, won a Pulitzer PrizeA combination of naturalist and symbolist techniqueV.Moder.Period.3.DramaEugene O’Neill—the founder of modern American drama3 Pulitzer Prizes & the Nobel PrizeIntroduced trends of realism, naturalism and expressionismBeyond the HorizonLong Day’s Journey into NightTennessee WilliamsThe Glass MenagerieA Streetcar Named Desire—won him his first Pulitzer PrizeColloquial southern speechArthur MillerDeath of a Salesman—his masterpiece; an American myth and a contemporary tragedyVI.Postwa.RealismJohn Cheever—short fictionJohn Updike—the most realistic of all the postwar realists; “Olinger” storiesJames Thurber—the greatest American literary humorist of the 20th centuryJerome Salinger—a representative of alienated young Americans; generation gapThe Catcher in the Rye—a modern Huck FinnVII.Post-modernism.FictionModernis.vs.post-modernismUnlike modernism, which suggested a historic period, post-modernism described a sensibility, a feeling for innovation.Controllabl.vs.uncontrollable;Orde.vs.disorderRealisti.vs.nihilisticThe fundamental rule: the absurd and the arbitraryStyle: fragmented, discontinuous, ironic, and full of black humorVladimir Nabokov: LolitaBeat GenerationWomen WritersBlack LiteratureSouthern Literature1.Bea.GenerationThe term is associated with the first half of the 1950s.★Jack Kerouac—the founder of the Beat Generation who first used the term; On the Road★Allen Ginsberg—the poet laureate of the Beat Generation; HowlLawrence Ferlinghetti opened the City Lights Bookstore, the headquarters of the Beats.William BurroughsWomen Writers: 1) Before the 20th CAnne Bradstreet—the first lady of colonial literature in AmericaEmily Dickinson—America’s greatest woman poetMargaret Fuller—Women in the Nineteenth Century: America’s first landmark feminist treatiseWomen Writers: 2) Of the 20th CKatherine Anne PorterJoyce Carol OatesSylvia PlathJoanna RussAlice Walker: a black woman writerBlack LiteratureLangsto.Hughes—th.“ureat.o.Harlem”.“O.Henr.o.Harlem”Richard Wright—protest fiction, Native SonJames Baldwin—race & homosexuality: two themesRalph Ellison—Invisible Man★Toni Morrison (female)—Beloved, Nobel Prize (1993) (the second American woman writer to enjoy the honor) (the first American woman writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature: Pearl Buck)Southern LiteratureThe South is known as the Bible Belt.★William Faulkner—the foremost southern writer of the 20th C; Nobel Prize (1950)The Sound and the Fury—Stream of ConsciousnessYoknapatawpha CountyWilliam Styron—Sophie’s Choice。
American Literature第一阶段独立革命之前（十七世纪中期之前）The Literature before the Revolution of Independence第一节美国本土文学（美国印第安传统文学）Native American Literature (The Traditional Literature of the American Indians)Three stages of development: traditional literature---transitional literature---modern literature第二节北美殖民时期文学（十六世纪末—十七世纪中）Literature of Colonial SettlementsJohn Smith (1580-1631)---the “first author” in the history of American literature;第一位美国作家---A True Relation with a Description of the Country (1608) 《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》was considered to be the “first book” in American literature.美国文学史上的“第一部作品”第三节清教思想的表述PuritanismAmerican Puritanism stressed predestination, original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement from God’s grace. 第二阶段独立革命时期（17C中期—18C末）The Literature around the Revolution of Independence With Franklin as its spokesman, the literature of this period experienced an age of reason and order. Thomas Jefferson’s attitude, that is, a firm belief in progress, and the pursuit of happiness, is typical of the period we now call Age of Reason.第三阶段浪漫主义时期（十八世纪末—十九世纪中后期）American Romanticism was also called American Renaissance. Romantics shared characteristics: moral enthusiasm, individuality and intuitive perception.第四阶段现实主义时期（十九世纪中期—二十世纪初）American RealismMajor Features: 1) Straightforward or matter-of-fact manner;2) Focus on commonness of the lives of the common people;3) Objective rather than idealistic view of human nature;4) Present moral visions;5) Usually open ending.American industrialization was the first important factor of the development of American Realistic literature. This was the beginning of the Age of Realism, which is also called “the Gilded Age” by Mark Twain.The development of the Far West was the second important factor to promote the literary development. (The Gold Rush)Local color fiction had a brief vogue when Realism first emerged in America.第五阶段现代主义时期（二十世纪初—）American ModernismModernism used to show the literary art possessing outstanding characteristics in conception, feeling, form and style after the WWⅠ. It means cutting off history and a sense of despair and loss. It refused to accept the traditional concept of value and all traditional ideological influences.。
八级考试英美文学讲座八级考试英美文学讲座I. English Literature 英国文学部分1.English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England. “Beowulf”is the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English people.2.The Norman Conquest: The French speaking Normans under Duke William camein 1066 and defeated the English , thus William was crowned as King of England.3.The Romance: The most prevalent kind of literature in feudal England. Thecentral character of romances was the knight, a man of noble birth, who was known for his chivalry.4.The ballads(民谣，民歌): the most important department of English folk literatureis the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and the fourth lines rhymed. For example, the Robin Hood Ballads.5.Geoffrey Chaucer , the founder of English poetry, was born in 1340, and died in1400. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poet’s Corner”.“ The Canterbury tales”(1387—1400)is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.6.The English Renaissance: Thomas More (1478—1535) and his “Utopia”; the“poet’s poet of the English Renaissance was EdmundSpenser (1552-90)whose masterpiece is “The faerie Queene”. If the imaginative powers of literary creation of English renaissance found their expression in the poetry of Spenser and the drama of Shakespeare , the intellectual energy of this age showed itself in the achievement of Francis bacon(1561-1626).7.William Shakespeare(1564-1616): the literary giant of the English Renaissance.His famous comedies:(1)A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream(2)The merchant of Venice(3)Twelfth Night(4)All’s Well that Ends Well.His famous tragedies:(1)Romeo and Juliet(2)Hamlet(3)King Lear(4)MacbethShakespeare also wrote 154 sonnets.8.The 17th Century Literature ---- John Milton (1608—1674): “Paradise Lost”9.The 18th Century LiteratureThe Enlightenment in Europe: The 18th century marked the beginning of anintellectual movement in Europe known as the Enlightenment. It was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisies against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind.10.Classicism in the English literature:The classicists modeled themselves after the Greek and the Latin authors, and tried to guide literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. Rhymed couplets instead of blank verse, the three unites of time, place and action, regularity in construction, and the presentation of types rather than individuals---these were some of the standards the classicists required of drama. Poetry, following the ancient divisions, should be lyric, epic, didactic, satiric or dramatic, and each class should be guided by its own principles. Prose should be precise, direct, smooth and flexible. Classicism achieved a rapid growth and prevailed for the better part of the 18th century. The literary representatives of classicism in English literature were John Dryden, A. Pope and Samuel Johnson.11.The Rise of the English Realistic Novel”Daniel Defoe(1661-1731): Robinson Crusoe(1719).Jonathan Swift(1667-1745): Gulliver’s Travels” (1726).Henry Fielding (1707-1754):Tom Jones (1749)12.English RomanticismAt the turn of the 18th and 19th century romanticism came to be the new trend in English literature. It rose and grew under the impetus of Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution. It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, a great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man and a return to nature.William Wordsworth(1770—1850): I Wondered Lonely as a CloudSamuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834): The Rime of Ancient Mariner, Kubla Khan George Gordon Byron (1788-1824): Don Juan, Sonnet on ChillonPercy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822): Queen Mab, Ode to the West Wind,Prometheus Unbound(a lyric drama) John Keats(1795-1821): Ode to Autumn, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to aNightingale13.English Critical Realism:Charles Dickens(1812-1870): Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Hard Times, GreatExpectation, A Tale of Two Cities.William Thackeray(1811-18630: Vanity Fair: A Novel Without a Hero,Some Women Novelists:Jane Austen(1775—1817): Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, EmmaCharlotte Bronte(1816-1855): Jane EyreEmily Bronte(1818-1848): Wuthering HeightsGeorge Eliot(1819—1890): The Mill on the Floss14.The Victorian Poets:The Brownings----Robert Browning(1812-1867 )and Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861). (The Ring and the Book, My last Duchess)15.The Turn of the Century:Thomas Hardy(1840-1928): Tess of the D’ Urbervlles (refer to Lesson 15,Book 5) George Bernard Shaw(1856-1950): Mrs. Warren’s Profession, Man and Superman,Major Barbara, The Apple Cart.16.Between the Two World Wars:T.S. Eliot(1887-1965): The Waste LandJames Joyce(1882-1941): Ulysses, Finnegans Wake,Virginia Woolf(1882-1941): Mrs. Dalloway,D. H. Lawrence(1885-1930): Sons and Lovers, Lady Chatterley’s LoverWilliam S. Maugham(1874-1965): Of Human Bondage17: Contemporary English Literature(1945----)Kingsley Amis(1922----): Luck JimJohn Fowles(1926----) :The French Lieutenant’s Woman(法国中尉的女人)Iris Murdoch(1919-1999): Under the Net(《在网下》)，The Sandcastle(《沙堡》) Samuel Beckett(1906--): Waiting for Godot John Osborne(1929--) :Look Back in AngerHarold Pinter(1930---):Birthday Party, Homecoiming18. Contemporary English Literature(1980----)Martin Amis(1949---): Money : A Suicide Note(《钞票：绝命书》)Time’s Arrow(《时光之箭》)Julian Barnes(1946---): Flaubert’s Parrot(《福楼拜的鹦鹉》) American Literature 美国文学部分1．Colonial Period: Benjamin Franklin, Autobiography, Poor Richard’s Almanack2. American Romanticism: Transcendentalism (超验主义)3. Washington Irving(1783—1859, the father of American short story): The Legend ofSleepy Hollow; Rip Van Winkle.4. Nathanial Hawthorne(1804—1864): The Scarlet Letter.5. Henry David Thoreau(1817—1862): Walden.6. Walt Whitman(1819—1892): Leaves of Grass / Song of Myself / When Lilacs Lastin the Dooryard Bloom’d / Oh, Captain, My Captain 7. Herman Melville(1819—1891): Moby Dick8: American Realism(1865—1914):9. Mark Twain(Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 1835—1910):The Adventures of Tom SawyerThe Adventures of Huckleberry FinnThe prince and the Pauper10. Henry James91843—1916):The international themeDaisy MillerThe AmbassadorsThe AmericanThe Turn of the Screw11. O Henry: The Gift of Magi / The Last Leaf / The Cop and the Anthem12. Theodore Dreiser(1871—1945): Sister Carrie13.Robert Frost(1874—1963)Mending WallThe Road Not TakenStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening14. Wallace Stevens(1879—1955)Sunday Morning15.Ezra Pound(1885—1972)The CantosIn a Station of the Metro(The apparition of these faces in the crowd/ Petals on a wet, black bough )16. T.S. Eliot( 1888—1965) see above.17.Eugene O’Neill(1888—1953)(Nobel Prize winner in 1936)The Emperor Jones / Hairy Ape/ The Iceman Comth / The Long Day’s Journey into Night)18. Arthur Miller(1915-2005)The Death of a Salesman19.F.S. Fitzgerald(1896—1940)The Great Gatsby20.William Faulkner (1897—1962)Stream of consciousness / The Rose for Emily / The Sound and the Fury)21. Ernest Hemingway(1899—1961)The Sun Also RisesA Farewell to ArmsFor whom the Bell TollsThe Old Man and the SeaHemingway Hero / Code Hero (A man can be destroyed but not defeated)Lost GenerationToni Morrison(1933--)The Bluest EyeBelovedThe Song of SolomonTar BabySulaParadiseLove。
专业英语八级美国文学（现代主义时期文学）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Ezra Pound is regarded as the father of modern American______.A．novelsB．poetryC．dramasD．prose正确答案：B解析：Ezra Pound(埃兹拉.庞德)被认为是“美国现代诗歌之父”。
知识模块：美国文学（现代主义时期文学）2．______won Ezra Pound the Bollingen Prize.A．The Pisan CantosB．Homage to Sextus PropertiusC．Hugh Selwyn MauberleyD．In a Station of the Metro正确答案：A解析：The Pisan Cantos(《比萨诗章》)，Homage to Sextus Propertius(《向塞克斯特斯.普特蒂斯致敬》)，Hugh Selwyn Mauberley(《休.塞尔温.莫伯利》)和In a Station of the Metro(《在地铁站里》)都是艾兹拉.庞德的作品，其中为他赢得博林根奖的是The Pisan Cantos《比萨诗章》。
知识模块：美国文学（现代主义时期文学）3．Robert Lee Frost’s poetry focuses on people in______.A．New OrlandB．New YorkC．New EnglandD．New Jersey正确答案：C解析：Robea Lee Frost(罗伯特.弗罗斯特)的诗作以新英格兰人为素材。
