裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记_第77课_单词讲解

《新概念英语》第二册学习笔记78 77课第78课The last one?1、After reading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' ...entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' 过去分词短语修饰article, 这个句子也可以用定语从句表示：After reading an article that was entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health'...reading 动词的现在分词，是由动词+ing 构成，可以与系动词be 一起构成进行时，也可以与have/has been 一起构成完成进行时。

例句：They are watching a basement game.He has been collecting stamps since he was a boy.2、I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves.calm 使某人或者某物平静下来，或者安抚某人或者某物例句：He was starting to shake with excitement, and to calm himself he walkedover to the window.3、I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking.give up sth. 或者give up doing sth. 放弃做某事，不再做某事例句：She never completely gave up hope.4、My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars.keep on doing sth. 继续做某事例句：They kept on walking for a while in silence.5、They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packetof sweets from my pocket.make effort to do sth. 表示为了达到某种结果而付出额外的精力例句：Mothers had to made the effort to go out to a play area with their children.whenever 无论何时，无论什么情况例句：Come to see me whenever you feel you have to talk.第77课A successful operation1、The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation.B.C. 公元前，是before Christ 的缩写who died in 800 B.C. 限制性定语从句，修饰前面的Egyptian woman.2、The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes.who was once a singer...... 限制性定语从句，修饰前面的Shepenmut.3、...doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.died of 因......而死，死于......例句：I'm dying of thirst.4、The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficultbecause of the hard resin which covered the skin.逗号后面的部分是which 引导的非限制性定语从句，对前面的operation 起补充说明的作用。

TextThe mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation.定语从句：who died in 800 B.C.修饰an Egyptian woman 死于公元前800年的一位埃及妇女B.C. (Before Christ)公元前eg Julius Caesar died in 44 B.C. . Julius Caesar 死于公元前44年。

A.D.(Anno Domini 拉丁语）公元（后）eg William the Conqueror invaded Britain in A.D. 1066. William征服者于1066年入侵英国。

have an operation接受手术perform an operation on sb for… 给…做手术eg He`ll perform an operation on her for a diseased lung. 他要为她做肺部手术。

operation1n[u] 工作，操作eg The operation of a big new machine can be hard to learn. 一部大型新机器的操作室很难学会的。

2n[c] 工作，行动begin operations开展业务a difficult operation一项艰巨的行动The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.定语从句：the mummy is that of Shepenmut,这是Shapenmut木乃伊，那么Shapenmut是何许人也,后面的定语从句告诉我们，who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes 曾在Thebes神殿做过歌手的Shapenmut的木乃X-Ray plates X光片子taken of the mummy, taken是 take的过去分词，整个过去分词短语作定语修饰X-ray plates，给木乃伊拍摄的X 光片。

Lesson 77 A successful operation一例成功的手术【Text】The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation.【课文翻译】死于公元前800年的一位埃及妇女的木乃伊刚刚接受了一次手术。

mummy ['mʌmɪ] ⽊乃伊Egyptian [ɪ'dʒɪpʃ(ə)n] adj.埃及的temple ['temp(ə)l] n.庙【单词例句】A: The bus to Jinge Temple has just left.A:去⾦阁寺的车刚⾛。

B: How long will the next bus arrive?B:坐下趟车要等多长时间？nark [nɑːk] 斑点【单词扩充】 negative底⽚【单词例句】A:I can’t find the plate of this picture.A:我找不到这张照⽚的底⽚了。

B:It's in the bag,which is Lmder that book.B:在那本书下⾯的袋⼦⾥。

present ['prez(ə)nt]⽬前的disease [dɪ'ziːz] 疾病champion ['tʃæmpɪən] 冠军last [lɑːst] 持续【派⽣词】lasting持久的 lastlong time经久不衰【单词例句】A：Los Angel Lakers won the championlast out。

A：洛杉矶湖⼈队今年再次嬴得了冠军。

B：They deserve it．B：这是他们应得的。

【单词例句】A: How long will the match last?A:这场⽐赛会持续多久？B: It will last one and a half hours.B：会持续⼀个半⼩时。

A: You need to be tough to survive in the jungle.A:你需要在丛林中艰难⽣存。

B: You can say that again. It's the challenge to the maximum of man's life.B:是啊，这是对⼈类极限的挑战。

Lesson77 Terrible toothache一、单词与短语appointment: n.约会，预约；make an appointment:约会；I made an appointment with Tom on Monday.星期一我跟汤姆约会了。

urgent：adj.急切的；紧急的；till：prep.直到、、、为止；掌握与till相近的一个短语：not、、、until：直到、、、才：I did not know the truth until I met her at school.直到在学校遇见她，我才知道事情的真相；Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.车停稳了以后再下车。

You mustn’t eat anything until you see the doctor.看过医生之后，你才能吃东西。

not、、、until是英语中一个相当重要的句型，需要掌握！二、短语句型及语法1、Do you have an appointment? 你有预约吗？在本句中需要掌握的是appointment的用法：appointment是约会、预约的意思，在英语中应用地非常广泛，关于appointment需要掌握一个常见的重要短语：have an appointment with sb:和某人有个约会I will have an appointment with my classmate tomorrow.我明天跟同学有个约会。

2、Is it urgent? 紧急吗？Urgent是“紧急的”的意思，关于urgent需要掌握一个重要的句型即可：it is urgent for sb to do sth:对某人来说做、、、是非常紧急的，例：It is urgent for me to learn English.对我来说学英语是件紧急的事情。

It is urgent for me to be accustomed to the new environment.对我来说尽快适应新环境是件紧急的事情。

课堂笔记（一）1) A.D. 应该写在年数之前, B.C. 应该写在年数之后, 如: from 300 B.C. to A.D. 400 由公元前三百年到公元四百年B.C.为Before Chris（t 公元前）的缩写，A.D.表示anno Domini (=in the yearof the Lord 或 since Christ was born),即“公元”。

A.D.用来与B.C.形成对比，出现在正式的史书中，平时一般不用。

2) operationgive an operation on sb 给某人做手术have an operation (on sb) 动手术operation on sb. for sth.operation to do sth.be in operationcome into operation生效，起作用bring into operation 实施;使生效When does the plan come into operation?这项计划什么时候实施？Is this rule in operation yet?这条规定生效了吗？3）The mummy is that of Shepenmutthat 用以指代前面的 the mummy，以避免重复。

在指代特指的事物时，尤其是在比较状语从句中，常用that 和those 指代前面提到的事物：The cost of living here is lower than that in London.这里的生活费用比伦敦的要低。

that of 和those of 一般用于较正式的文体中：The area of the USA is larger than that of Britai n.美国的面积比英国的大。

Tom's pen is better than that of the other boys.汤姆的笔比其他男孩的要好。

新概念二77课课文摘要：一、课文概述二、课文重点词汇和语法解析三、实用口语表达四、练习与拓展正文：一、课文概述新概念英语第二册第77课（Lesson 77）的课文主题为“A traffic accident”。

本文讲述了一位出租车司机在交通高峰期遭遇了一起交通事故，并通过电话向警察报警的过程。

课文通过这段对话，让我们了解了事故现场的情况以及报警的正确步骤。

二、课文重点词汇和语法解析1.重点词汇（1）traffic accident：交通事故（2）happen：发生（3）right side：右侧（4）driver：司机（5）passenger：乘客（6）police：警察（7）emergency：紧急情况（8）call：打电话（9）accident report：事故报告2.语法解析本文主要涉及到一般现在时、一般过去时和现在进行时的用法。

（1）一般现在时：用于描述事实、习惯或一般情况，如“I drive a taxi.”（我开出租车。

）（2）一般过去时：用于描述过去发生的动作或状态，如“An accident happened.”（发生了一起事故。

）（3）现在进行时：用于描述现在正在进行的动作，如“I"m calling the police.”（我正在打电话给警察。

）三、实用口语表达1.描述交通事故：- What happened?（发生了什么？）- There was a traffic accident./An accident happened./A car accident occurred.（发生了一起交通事故。

）2.报警：- I"d like to report an accident./I want to report an accident./I"m calling to report an accident.（我想报警。

）- What"s the address?（地址是什么？）- The accident happened at...（事故发生在……）- What"s the vehicle"s make and model?（车辆的品牌和型号是什么？）- Were there any injuries?（有人受伤吗？）四、练习与拓展1.根据课文内容，模拟报警电话对话。

新概念第二册Lesson 77 A successful operation一、单词精讲mummy ['mʌmi]n.木乃伊引申：象征古老、神秘的事物，也可指代类似木乃伊状态的干瘪物体。

搭配：mummy case（木乃伊盒）例句：The archaeologists found a well - preserved mummy in the pyramid.（考古学家在金字塔里发现了一具保存完好的木乃伊。

）Egyptian [i'dʒipʃən]a.埃及的引申：可表示与埃及文化、习俗、历史等相关的事物。

搭配：Egyptian pyramid（埃及金字塔）Egyptian art（埃及艺术）。

例句：Egyptian art has a long and unique history.（埃及艺术有着悠久而独特的历史。

）词源：“Egypt”（埃及）加上表示“……的”后缀“- ian”。

temple['tempəl] n.庙引申：可表示宗教或精神信仰的重要场所，也可引申为某种神圣或庄严的地方。

搭配：Buddhist temple（佛教寺庙）ancient temple（古老的庙宇）。

例句：Many people go to the temple to pray.（许多人去寺庙祈祷。

）mark [mɑ:k]n.斑点引申：可表示标记、象征，也可表示成绩、分数等含义。

搭配：birth mark（胎记）make one's mark（留下印记；成名）。

例句：His speech made a deep mark on the audience.（他的演讲给听众留下了深刻的印象。

）plate[pleit] n.(照相)底片引申：可表示薄板、片状物，也可用于形容扁平的东西。

搭配：license plate（车牌）steel plate（钢板）。

例句：The photographer developed the plate carefully.（摄影师小心地冲洗底片。

沪江英语绿宝书之新概念277-80课知识点汇总一、词汇精讲lastv. 持续【常见用法】last for 保持；维持【例句】This good weather won’t last. 这样的好天气不会持续太久。

【常见用法】last+时间【例句】How long do you think this fine weather will last?你看这样的好天气能持续多久?【拓展记忆】adj. 最近的；最后的；最不可能的【例句】In the last resort we can always walk home.大不了我们走回家就是了。

provev. 显示出【常见用法】prove sb. wrong 证明某人错误sth./sb. prove to be sth. 某人某事被发现是；显示出是prove to be difficultprove to be usefulfiguren. 体形；人影；数字【常见用法】keep your figure 保持好身材【词组】double figures 两位数；a four figure number 四位数survivev. 幸免于【常见用法】survive sth. 幸免于survive sth. 熬过……，在……中存活下来【例句】Only two passengers survived the air-crash.这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于死。

【拓展记忆】survivor 幸存者entitlev. 授权；命名【常见用法】be entitled to do sth. 有权做某事【例句】She read a poem entitled The Apple Tree'.她读了一首题为《苹果树》的诗。

【常见用法】sth. entitled ‘XXX’名为……的……【例句】The new book is entitled Love Story.这本新书名叫《爱情故事》。