【精品文档】考研复试听力资料word版本 (3页)

A. 男⽣应该去参观博物馆。

B. 她不能忍受炎热的天⽓。

C. 海滩度假村是不错的选择。

D. 她愿意在华盛顿。

W: Well, with the museums and restaurants inWashington I’ll be happy here no matter what the temperature.A. 训练和节⾷相结合。

B. 每三天重复训练。

C. 避免过度的体能训练。

D. 训练项⺫中包括举重。

M: Sure, but whatever you do be careful not tooverdo it. Last time I had two weeks’ worthof weight-lifting in three days and I hurt myself.A. 她什么时候回家B. 她是否可以独⾃前往。

C. 她是否可以坐⻜机旅⾏。

D. 她什么时候痊愈。

W: Not if her heart is all right. If she has a heart condition, I’d recommend against it.W: When you write a novel, do you know where you’re going,Dr. James?M: Yes, you must, really, [1] if you’re writing the classical detective story, because it must be so carefully plotted and so carefullyclued. I have schemes. I have charts. I have diagrams. It doesn’tW: When you’re planning the basic structure, [2] do you like to go away to be sure that you’re by yourself?M: [2] I need to be by myself certainly, absolutely. I can’t even W: Is that very important to you?W: How extraordinary! Never?W: You’re very lucky. Someone once said that there’s a bit of ice at the heart of every writer.M: Yes. I think this is true. [3] The writer can stand asidefrom experience and look at it, watch it happening.There is this ‘detachment’ and I realize that there areobviously experiences which would overwhelm everyone.[3] Hundreds of emergency workers combed the site of five-story apartment building in southern Ukraine Thursday after a series of explosions reduced it to rubble, authorities said.21 people have been rescued. “We are now investigating all possible reasons for the explosions,” Krol said.。

施心远主编《听力教程》3 (第2版) 答案UNIT 1Section OnePart 1 Spot DictationHouses in the FutureWell, I think houses in the future will probably be (1) quite small but I should think they'll be (2) well-insulated so that you don't need so much (3) heating and (4) cooling as you do now, so perhaps very economical (5) to run. Perhaps they will use (6) solar heating, although I don't know, in this country, perhaps we (7) won't be able to do that so much. Yes, I think they'll be full of (8) electronic gadgets: things like very advanced televisions, videos, perhaps videos which take up ... the screen (9) takes up the whole wall. I should think. Yes, you'll have things like (10) garage doors which open automatically when you (11) drive up, perhaps electronic (12) sensors which will (13) recognize you when you, when you come to the front door even. Perhaps (14) architects and designers will be a bit more (15) imaginative about how houses are designed and perhaps with the (16) shortage of space people will think of putting gardens (17) on the roof and, and maybe rooms can be (18) expanded and, and (19) contracted* depending on what you use them for, so perhaps there'll be a bit more (20) flexibility about that.Part 2 Listening for GistDialogue：I Want to See Dr MiltonWoman： Surgery. Can I help you?Stone：Good afternoon. My name’s Frank Stone. I want to make an appointment to see Dr Milton, please.Woman: Yes, of course, Mr Stone. May I have your address, please? Stone: 118 Hill Road, London S.E. 18.Woman: Yes, we have you on the records. Can you manage this afternoon at 5:30?Stone: I’m afraid not. I can manage tomorrow.Woman: I’m afraid Dr Milton’s not on duty tomorrow. He’ll be here the day after tomorrow. That’s Thursday, March 27th.Stone: Fine.Woman: Will 5:30 be all right?Stone: Well, yes. But I’d prefer a later time so I can come along after work.Woman: Then what about 6:15?Stone: Well, that’s fine. Thank you. Goodbye.Woman: Goodbye.Exercise. Directions: Listen to the dialogue and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1.This dialogue is about making an appointment.Woman: Listen! I'm terribly sorry I'm late. Man:Man: Oh, that's all right. It doesn't really matter, does it? I haven't got anything better to do, have I?Woman: Just let me explain, will you?Man: I've only been waiting for over an hour. That's all.Woman: Yes. I know, and I would have ...Man: After all, my time isn't really that important, is it? Woman: Please don't be like that. Just letme explain. (Silence. Man says nothing.)Woman: I ... I tried to get here in time but just after I left home, the car broke down.Man: The car broke down?Woman: Yes, and ... well ... luckily ... there was a garage near me. And ... and it took them a whileto repair it.Man: Why didn't you at least phone?Woman: I would have! But I didn't know the number of the restaurant. Man: You could have looked it up in the telephone book!Woman: Yes, but ... you'll never believe this ... I couldn't remember thename of the restaurant. I knew where it was, but forgot the name. Man: I see. Well, at least it was lucky you found a garage to repair your car.Woman: Yes. It was something I couldn't do myself. It didn't take too long, but that's why I'm late,you see.2.The key words are Tuesday. Thursday. two fifteen. three fifteen. Monday morning. nine o'clock.Section Two Listening comprehensionPart 1 DialogueI'm terribly sorry I'm late.Woman: Listen! I'm terribly sorry I'm late. Man:Man: Oh, that's all right. It doesn't really matter, does it? I haven't got anything better to do, have I?Woman: Just let me explain, will you?Man: I've only been waiting for over an hour. That's all. Woman: Yes. I know, and I would have ...Man: After all, my time isn't really that important, is it? Woman: Please don't be like that. Just let me explain.(Silence. Man says nothing.)Woman: I ... I tried to get here in time but just after I left home, the car broke down.Man: The car broke down?Woman: Yes, and ... well ... luckily ... there was a garage near me. And ... and it took them a whileto repair it.Man: Why didn't you at least phone?Woman: I would have! But I didn't know the number of the restaurant. Man: You could have looked it up in the telephone book!Woman: Yes, but ... you'll never believe this ... I couldn't remember the name of the restaurant. I knew where it was, but forgot thename.Man: I see. Well, at least it was lucky you found a garage to repair your car.Woman: Yes. It was something I couldn't do myself. It didn't take too long, but that's why I'm late,you see.Man: Uh-huh. Which garage, by the way?Woman: Pardon?Man: Which garage did you take it to?Woman: Uh ... the one near my flat. You know. Lewis Brothers.Man: Yes, I know that garage. It's the only one near your flat. Woman: Hmm, well now, let's have something to eat. Uh, what about some ... Man: I know the garage very well!Woman: Yes. Let's see now. Yes, I think I'll have some ...Man: A pity it's Sunday.Woman: Pardon?Man: A pity it's Sunday. That garage is closed on Sunday!Exercise Directions: Listen to the dialogue and answer the following questions."Well, at least it was lucky you found a garage to repair your car."4.Because she wants to stop the conversation like this.Because he knows the girl is lying.Part 2 PassageThe Oscar Statuette1 Industry insiders and members of the press called the award "the Academy statuette", "the golden trophy" or "the statue of merit", but the term never stuck.2. No hard evidence exists to support that tale, but in any case, by the sixth Awards Presentation in 1934, a Hollywood columnist used the name in his column.1.They are possibly boyfriend and girlfriend.2.In a restaurant.3."It doesn't really matter, does it? I haven't got anything better to do, have I?""I've only been waiting for over an hour.That's all" "After all, my time isn'treally that important, is it?" well, atleast It was lucky you found a barrage3. Walt Disney was honored with one full-size and seven miniature statuettes on behalf of his animated feature Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.4. If the statuettes don't meet strict quality control standards, they are immediately cut in half and melted down.5.The large boxes are shipped to the Academy offices via air express, with no identifiable markings.The Oscar statuette, designed by MGM's* chief art director Cedric Gibbons, depicts* a knight holding a crusader's* sword, standing on a reel of film with five spokes, signifying the original branches of the Academy: Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers, and Technicians.Born in 1928, years would pass before the Academy Award of Merit was officially named "Oscar". Industry insiders and members of the press called the award "the Academy statuette", "the golden trophy" or "the statue of merit". The entertainment trade paper, Weekly Variety, even attempted to popularize "the iron man". The term never stuck.A popular story has been that an Academy librarian and eventual executive director, Margaret Herrick, thought the statuette resembled her uncle Oscar and said so, and that as a result the Academy staff began referring to it as Oscar.No hard evidence exists to support that tale, but in any case, bythe sixth Awards Presentation in 1934, Hollywood columnist Sidney Skolsky used the name in his column in reference to Katharine Hepburn's first Best Actress win. The Academy itself didn't use the nickname officially until 1939.Since its conception, the Oscar statuette has met exacting uniform standards - with a few notable exceptions. In the 1930s, juvenile players received miniature replicas* of the statuette; a ventriloquist* Edgar Bergen was presented with a wooden statuette with a moveable mouth; and Walt Disney was honored with one full-size and seven miniature statuettes on behalf of his animated feature Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Between 1942 and 1944, in support of the war effort, Oscars were made of plaster. After the War, winners turned in the temporary awards for golden Oscar statuettes.The traditional Oscar statuette, however, hasn't changed since the 1940s, when the base was made higher. In 1945, the base was changed from marble to metal and in 1949, Academy Award statuettes began to be numbered, starting with No. 501.Approximately 50 Oscars are made each year in Chicago by the manufacturer, R. S. Owens. If they don't meet strict quality control standards, the statuettes are immediately cut in half and melted down.Each award is individually packed into a Styrofoam* containerslightly larger than a shoebox.Eight of these are then packed into a larger cardboard box, and the large boxes are shipped to the Academy offices in Beverly Hills via air express, with no identifiable markings.On March 10, 2000, 55 Academy Awards mysteriously vanished en route from the Windy City* to the City of Angels. Nine days later, 52 of stolen statuettes were discovered next to a Dumpster* in the Koreatown section of Los Angeles by Willie Fulgear, who was later invited by the Academy to attend the Oscar 2000 ceremonies as a special guest.For eight decades, the Oscars have survived war, weathered earthquakes, and even managed to escape unscathed* from common thieves. Since 1995, however, R. S. Owens has repaired more than 160 statuettes. "Maybe somebody used chemicals on them to polish them and the chemicals rubbed right through the lacquer* and into the gold," explains the company president. "Or maybe people stored them someplace where they corroded." Although he stresses that the statuette is made to endure, Siegel offers this sage advice to all Oscar winners: "If it gets dusty, simply wipe it with a soft dry cloth."Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionEvery January, the attention of the entertainment community and of film fans around the world turns to the upcoming Academy Awards, the highest honor in filmmaking. The annual presentation of the Oscars has becomethe Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences' most famous activity. The Oscar Statuette is a knight holding a crusader's sword, standing on a reel of film with five spokes.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listening to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.----I...- 1. There were five original branches of the Academy.(Because the five spokes on the reel of film signify the originalbranches of the Academy:Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers, and Technicians.)~ 2. The Academy Award of Merit was officially named "Oscar" in 1928.(Born in 1928, years would pass before the Academy Award of Meritwas officially named "Oscar.")----I...- 3. The Academy staff began referring to the Academy statuette as Oscar because Margaret Herrick said the statuette was like heruncle Oscar.(An Academy librarian and eventual executive director, MargaretHerrick, thought the statuette resembled her uncle Oscar and saidso, and as a result the Academy staff began referring to it asOscar.)4. Since its conception, the Oscar statuette has met exacting uniform standards.(There were a few notable exceptions. In 1930s, juvenile players received miniature replicas of the statuette and a ventriloquist Edgar Bergen gained a wooden statuette with a moveable mouth. Walt Disney was honored with one full-size and seven miniature statuettes. )----I...- 5. Oscars were made of plaster in the 1940s because of the War. (Between 1942 and 1944, in support of the war effort, Oscars were made of plaster.) ----I...- 6. The manufacturer, R. S. Owens makes about 50 Oscars each year in Chicago. (Approximately 50 Oscars are made each year in Chicago by the manufacturer, R. S. Owens.)~ 7. 55 Academy Awards were stolen by a mysterious person en route from the Windy City to the City of Angels on March 10, 2000.(On March 10,2000,55 Academy Awards just mysteriously vanished en route from the Windy City to the City of Angels, but how and by whom was unknown.)~ 8. For eighty years, the Oscars have survived war, weathered earthquakes, managed to escape unscathed from common thieves and even chemical corrosion.(Since 1995, however, R. S. Owens has repaired more than 160 statuettes. "Maybe somebody used chemicals on them to polish them and the chemicals rubbed right through the lacquer and into the gold."Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.The traditional Oscar statuette hasn't changed since the 1940s, when the base was made higher.In 1945, the base was changed from marble to metal and in 1949, Academy Award statuettes began to be numbered, starting with No.501.2.(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1Beijing Olympics End, Paralympics Set to BeginThe Beijing Olympics ended Sunday night with a grand closing ceremony.Beijing's organization, infrastructure, and iconic sports venues for the games drew widely praised during two weeks of competition.Beijing is now gearing up to host the Paralympics - the world'sbiggest sporting event for those with physical disabilities.As part of its Olympics preparations, Beijing has made all of its subway stops accessible to wheelchairs. During the Paralympics, there will be 16 dedicated public bus lines for the disabled and 400 shuttle buses.More than 4,000 athletes will compete in the Paralympics, which begin September 6 and last 12 days. The athletes will compete in and stay in the same facilities used for Olympics, including the popular Water Cube and Bird's Nest stadium.Ex. A: Summarize the newsThis news item is about the coming Paralympics 2008.Ex. B: Answer the questions1.The Beijing Olympics ended Sunday night with a grand closing ceremony.2. Beijing's organization, infrastructure, and iconic sports venues for the games drew widely praised during two weeks of competition..3. Beijing is now gearing up to host the Paralympics - the world's biggest sporting event for those with physical disabilities.4. During the Paralympics, there will be 16 dedicated public bus lines for the disabled and 400 shuttle buses.5. Yes, they will compete in and stay in the same facilities used for Olympics, including the popular Water Cube and Bird's Nest stadium.News Item 2Obama Opens High-Level US-China TalksPresident Obama says Washington and Beijing must cooperate to tackle the big problems facing the world.Mr Obama spoke to high-level American and Chinese officials as they launched a two-day meeting in Washington. The U.S. China Strategic and Economic Dialogue is to discuss a broad agenda from currency concerns to foreign policy.The president said the officials must work together to tackle worldwide challenges, including the global economic recession, climate change, and the spread of nuclear weapons.The president said he is under no illusion the United States and China will agree on every issue, or always see the world in the same way. And he made clear that he will continue to speak out about human rights.President Obama stressed that it is these differences that make dialogue even more important. He said these discussions give the two sides a chance to get to know each other better and communicate concerns with candor.Ex. A: Listen to the news and complete the summaryThis news item is about the high-level US-China talks that Obama opens. Ex. B:President Obama says Washington and Beijing must cooperate to tackle the big problems facing the world.Mr Obama spoke to high-level American and Chinese officials as they launched a two-day meeting in Washington. The U.S. China Strategic and Economic Dialogue is to discuss a broad agenda from currency concerns to foreign policy.The president said the officials must work together to tackle worldwide challenges, including the global economic recession, climate change, and the spread of nuclear weapons.The president said he is under no illusion the United States and China will agree on every issue, or always see the world in the same way. And he made clear that he will continue to speak out about human rights.President Obama stressed that it is these differences that make dialogue even more important. He said these discussions give the two sides a chance to get to know each other better and communicate concerns with candor.News Item 3Russia to Supply China with Significant Portion of Oil NeedsThe oil Russia pumps from its frozen, Siberian fields, with one energy deal, will soon provide a significant amount of China's daily needs, aboutfour percent. Russia will deliver about 300,000 barrels of crude a day.In return, China will finance the pipeline Russia will build from its eastern Siberian oil fields to the Chinese border.Energy analysts say the deal is another indication of Russia's eagerness to shift some of its energy exports from its main market, Europe.Russia's state-owned petroleum company Rosneft, will get $15 billionof the work and the state pipeline owner Transneft, is set to receive $10 billion.Construction has been delayed repeatedly as the two countries bargained over the cost of transporting crude oil to the border.But the Russian oil industry, which for decades has been a main sourceof revenue for the country, has suffered a dramatic shortfall as the priceof oil fell during the global economic crisis.Energy analysts say the economy is pushing Russia to build closer ties with the Chinese. They say Russia also is seeking allies in the East where the Kremlin is seen more favorably than in the West.Exercise ADirections: Listening to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the oil supply from Russia to China and the relationship between the two countries.Exercise B1. T2. F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.T8.FSection Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Feature reportChina's Main Concern at G-20 is DomesticBy Daniel Schearf Beijing 14 November 2008When leaders of the world's richest nations and biggest emerging economies meet for the G-20 summit in Washington, much of the attention will be on what actions China can take to help resolve the global financial crisis. China's resilient growth has bolstered world trade, but as Daniel Schearf reports from Beijing, China's main economic concerns are domestic.China is a world growth leader. Its cheap, manufactured exports power economies around the globe.This means, though, China is not immune to the global economic malaise. Chinese exports have slowed and its bull market dropped sharply in the wake of the credit crisis in the United States.Pan Jingliu pulled out of the stock market before it fell, but says many of his friends lost money. "One has to pay attention to the 'Big Boss,' - in other words, the government," Jingliu said. "One should know the government's economic policy from top to bottom, understand it, and be familiar with it. If you do not understand the government's intentions you can make mistakes."The government bought up stocks and lowered trading taxes to boost the market, but trading remains volatile.Just ahead of the G-20 meeting, China also lowered interest rates and announced a $586 billion spending package on infrastructure, social services and tax rebates.The world is now waiting to see whether Beijing's actions will help restore global economic stability."China has the most foreign currency reserves in the world and the second most U.S. bonds after Japan," said Li Wan-Yong, a researcher on economics at South Korea's Hyundai Research Institute. "In terms of those, China can play an important role to overcome the global economic crisis and the Asian economic crisis."China's Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei says China can best help the world economy by stabilizing its own. "China's economy makes up a large part of the world economy," he said. "Whether or not China's economy is able to maintain stability and continue growing, whether or not China's domestic economy is stable, is very important not only to China's but also to the world's economy."Analysts say the government spending package will to some degree help exporters, but is mainly aimed at increasing domestic consumption."This is a leadership, after all, that is composed, the better ones, of engineers," said Bill McCahill, who is with China-based research firm J. L. McGregor and Company. "These are not people who are terribly outward looking and outward focused. They get up in the morning wondering how they're going to take care of 1.4 or 1.5 billion people in their home country, not homeowners in Los Angeles."Slowing demand from the US and other countries has forced thousands of Chinese factories to close and raised fears of unrest as millions are expected to lose their jobs.Chinese officials warn exports will continue to suffer because of theglobal slump, indicating the worst may be yet to come.Ex. A:This news report is about China’s m ain concern at the G-20 meeting which is aimed at increasing domestic consumption.Ex. B:Just ahead of the G-20 meeting, China also lowered interest rates and announced a $586 billion spending package on infrastructure, social services and tax rebates.The world is now waiting to see whether Beijing's actions will help restore global economic stability.China's Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei says China can best help the world economy by stabilizing its own. "China's economy makes up a large part of the world economy," he said. "Whether or not China's economy is able to maintain stability and continue growing, whether or not China's domestic economy is stable, is very important not only to China's but also to the world's economy."Analysts say the government spending package will to some degree help exporters, but is mainly aimed at increasing domestic consumption.Part 2 PassageRise and Fall of Egypt1.The Nile River was a kind friend but occasionally a hard taskmasterof the people who lived along its banks.2.In due course of time, one man who grew more powerful than most of hisneighbors became their King.3.Provided he was not obliged to pay more taxes to his King than he thoughtjust, he accepted the rule of pharaoh as accepted the rule of Mighty Osiris.4.It was different however when a foreign invader came and robbed himof his possessions.5.Egypt regained a semblance of independence when one of Alexander'sgenerals set himself up as king of a new Egyptian state.The Nile River* was a kind friend but occasionally it was a hard taskmaster*. It taught the people who lived along its banks the noble art of "teamwork". They depended upon each other to build their irrigation trenches and keep their dikes in repair. In this way they learned how to get along with their neighbors and their mutual-benefit-association quite easily developed into an organized state.Then one man grew more powerful than most of his neighbors and hebecame the leader of the community and their commander-in-chief when the envious neighbors of western Asia invaded the prosperous valley. In due course of time he became their King and ruled all the land from the Mediterranean to the mountains of the west.But these political adventures of the old pharaohs* (the word meant "the Man who lived in the Big House") rarely interested the patient and toiling peasant of the grain fields. Provided he was not obliged to pay more taxes to his King than he thought lust, he accepted the rule of pharaoh as accepted the rule of Mighty Osiris *.It was different however when a foreign invader came and robbed him of his possessions.After twenty centuries of independent life, a savage Arab tribe of shepherds, called the Hyksos*, attacked Egypt and for five hundred years they were the masters of the valley of the Nile. They were highly unpopular and great hate was also felt for the Hebrews who came to the land of Goshen* to find a shelter after their long wandering through the desert and who helped the foreign usurper* by acting as his tax-gatherers and his civil servants.But shortly after the year 1700 B.C., the people of Thebes* began a revolution and after a long struggle the Hyksos were driven out of the country and Egypt was free once more.A thousand years later, when Assyria* conquered all of western Asia,Egypt became part of the empire of Sardanapalus*. In the seventh century B.C., it became once more an independent stateExercise A Pre-listening Question,It is the Great Pyramid of Giza probably. The great pyramid is believed to have been built over a 20-year period. The site was first prepared, and blocks of stone were transported and placed. An outer casing (which disappeared over the years) was then used to smooth the surface. Although it is not known how the blocks were put in place, several theories haveExercise B Sentence Dictationbeen proposed. One theory involves the construction of a straight or spiral ramp that was raised as the construction proceeded. This ramp, coated with mud and water, eased the displacement of the blocks which were pushed (or pulled) into place. A second theory suggests that the blocks were placed using long levers with a short angled foot.1.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed listeningDirections: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1. C2.B3.B4.A5.A6.B7.D8.CExercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.The last Egyptian queen, Cleopatra, tried her best to save the country when the Romans came in the year 39 B. C. Her beauty and charm were more dangerous to the Roman generals than half a dozen Egyptian army corps. She was successful twice in her attacks upon the hearts of her Roman conquerors. In the year 30 B.c., Augustus landed in Alexandria and destroyed her armies. She killed herself by taking poison.2(Open)。

【精品文档】雅思听力核心词汇：相貌描述word版本本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思听力核心词汇：相貌描述描述人物相貌特征的场景是雅思听力的常考场景之一，所以有关相貌描述的词汇就是雅思听力的核心词汇，所以雅思就为大家总结整理了相关的词汇，希望给大家带来帮助。

年纪： young , old , years old体型： tall ， high , short , small ， fat ， stocky ， slim ,thin ， slender ， medium - built 。

Beautiful , 170 centimeterstall 。

同时大家应记住这些词合理的组合方式，比如 tall and slim ，不应该是 short and slim 。

面部特征： beardand moustache , clean - shaven ， dimple , scar ，chin 。

注意这些词的相互搭配。

比如 a small scar in his chin 。

常佩戴的东西有 jewelry ， hat 和 glasses 。

头发： curly black hair , blond hair , pigtail , wavy hair , straight hair , short hair , long hair , spiky hair 。

着装： formal dress ： suit and tie ， casual dress ： jeans andT shirts ， loose clothes ， tight clothes ， shirt ，女裙， white , dark , black , light 。

大家在应用这些雅思听力核心词汇的时候一定要注意，在描述一个人的特征时，大部分场合是用肯定句直接陈述出来的，但有时会用一些语气和否定句来表达前后之间的变化，听的时候一定要小心。

1.我不相信幸运这一类事情.我认为大多数时候事情发展地顺利或不顺利主要因为人们自己的行为.我相信大多数的情况下你可以通过努力工作,自我约束,坚持不懈,把个人的发展作为每天必考虑的事情等方面创造自己的幸运.2.许多的职业都包含其他人(的参与). 你可能具有超强的学术能力,然而缺少社交能力,即有能力倾听别人,对其他人(的反应)敏感,甚至游刃有余地给出或吸纳批评.3.如果你周边的环境经常让你意志消沉,也许你的确该改变一下了,可能不是改变你的位置,但至少是你的态度.如果你能学会很好地利用任何情况,你就能消除掉挡在你和你梦想之间的可怕的障碍.4.任何人在忙忙碌碌的时候都会犯错误.但是注意力不集中的人经常遇到麻烦不是因为他们太忙了,而是因为他们缺乏优先考虑的事情.这样,不仅浪费了他们的实践,也浪费了资源.5.如果你拒绝变化,你就是拒绝成功.学会灵活,否则就得学会习惯忍受失败.6.你的天分越大,你就有可能越倚赖于天分,甚至忽视日复一日完善它的工作.如果你有了这样消极的倾向,给自己定一个进步计划,这样你就能充分利用好上帝给你的天赋.2第二单元翻译1．老师、教授常被描述成生活在象牙塔中的理想主义者，他们脱离实际。

人们指责他们只强调学力或学业，而这些对帮助学生将来求职或就业并无直接关系。

2．大学之所以存在，是因为它在人们富于想象力的学习中成为老少两代人之间的纽带，因而保持了知识和生活热情之间的联系。

3．我们必须使每个学生开始明白：他/ 她在人类连绵不断的链条上只是其中的一环，这一环虽小，却至关重要。

这链条的前面有数千年的历史，并向无限的未来延伸。

4．人生不是支离破碎地学习一些课程，充实的人生应该是发现艰巨的任务并运用我们掌握的智慧和能量工具来完成这些任务。

我们准备放手让你们来完成一些艰巨的任务。

让我们拭目以待——看看你们如何来完成。

5．让我们为学生营造环境，使他们成长为有创造性、有思想的人，成为一群懂历史、哲学、宗教、文学等等的个体。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说(下)第二版听力原文及答案Table of ContentsLESSON ONE Resources and Energy (1)PART A (1)PART B (2)Passage I: (2)Passage II: (3)Part D (4)Lesson Two Crime and Punishment (4)Part A (4)Part B (6)Passage I (6)Passage II (7)Passage III (8)Part D (8)Lesson Three Computers and the Internet (9)Part A (9)Part B (10)Passage I (10)Passage II (11)Passage III (12)Part D (12)LESSON FOUR Finance (13)PART A (13)Part B (14)Passage I (14)Passage II. Functions of Money (15)Passage III Credit Cards (16)Part D (16)LESSON FIVE Places to See in Britain (17)Part A (17)Part B (18)Passage I: (18)Passage Ⅱ: (19)Part D (20)LESSON SIX Education (20)Part A (20)Part B (21)Passage I SAT Examination (21)PART II Medical Education (22)LESSON SEVEN Business (23)Part A (23)Part B (25)Passage I How to Increase Business Profits (25)Passage Two (26)LESSON EIGHT Aspects of Life (27)Part A (27)Part B (29)PASSAGE I Tax (29)PASSAGE II Religion (30)LESSON NINE College Life (31)PART A (31)PART B (33)PASSAGE I College Search (33)PASSAGE II How to Get a Master's degree (34)LESSON TEN Women (35)PART A (35)PART B (37)PASSAGE I Women in Southern Europe (37)PASSAGE II American Women (38)LESSON ELEVEN Famous People (39)PART A (39)PART B (41)PASSAGE I William Jefferson Clinton (41)PASSAGE II William Shakespeare (42)LESSON TWELVE Culture (44)PART A (44)Part B (45)Passage I Beijing’s Hutongs (45)Passage II The White Wedding Dress (47)LESSON THIRTEEN Science and Technology (48)PART A (48)PART B (50)PASSAGE I Cloning Mount Vernon's Trees (50)PASSAGE II Dinosaur Noses (50)LESSON FOURTEEN Sports (51)PART A (51)PART B (53)Passage I The Famous Bicycle Racer (53)PASSAGE II The Williams Sisters (54)LESSON FIFTEEN Reform and Development (55)PART A (55)PART B (57)Passage I (57)Passage II (58)LESSON 1 Resources and EnergyPART A1.W: Could you mail these letters for me, please?M: More letters? Your friends are going to be very happy to hear from you.Q: What does the man imply about the woman?She is written a lot of letters recently2.W: Does Professor Ford always come to class?M: Is ice cold?Q: What do you learn about Professor Ford?She never misses class3.W: Would you have some time this week to go over these questions with me?M: How does tomorrow sound?Q: What does the man mean?They can work together the next day4.M: Hey? John! John!W: Save your breath. He's out of earshot.Q: What is true about John, according to the woman?John is too far away to hear5. W: You only have water to serve your guests?M: This isn't just water. This is imported mineral water.Q: What is the implication of the woman?The guests don’t want to be served water6. M: Could I borrow a twenty to tide me over till payday next Tuesday?W: You are in luck. I just cashed the check.Q: What will the woman probably do next?Lend the man some money7. M: Jean, didn't you get my messages? I left two on your answering machine.W: Hmm? Oh, sorry, Tom. I've been meaning to get back in touch with you. It just slipped my mind.Q: Why didn’t the woman return the man’s calls?She forgot to call him8. W: I'm sorry, sir, but you're allowed only one piece of luggage on the plane. You'll have to check in one of your suitcases at the package counter.M: Actually, one of these belongs to the woman up ahead. I'm just giving her a hand. Q: Why is the man carrying an extra suitcase?The extra suitcase he is carrying belongs to someone else9. W: We need to drive to the city tonight, but the doctor said this medicine might make me drowsy.M: In that case, I'd better drive.Q: What does the man think the woman should do?Avoid driving after taking her medicine10. M: Look at all the pollution going into the air from those factories. Do you think they'll ever get under control?W: With the new laws and social awareness, we'll turn things around.Q: What does the woman predict will happen?The situation will improve with the new changes11. W: Aren't you cold? Why aren't you wearing a jacket?M: I overslept this morning, so I ran out of the house without listening to the forecast.Q: Why isn’t the man wearing a jacket?He did not know it would be cold12. M: prof. Jones, last night when I was putting the finishing touches on my paper that electrical storm completely wiped out my computer files. Do you think I could have another day to retype it?W: I'm sorry, Steven. I’m leaving for a conference tomorrow, and I'll be away for 2 weeks. I suppose you could send it to me there.Q: What will the professor probably allow the student to do?Mail her the paper after the deadline13. W: Do you know if Mary has come by the office this morning?M: I just got here myself, so I'm not the one to ask.Q: What does the woman want to know?She wants to know if mart has come by this morning14. M: I really enjoyed that TV special about "wealth" last night. Did you get to home in time to see it?W: Well, yes. But I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Q: What does the woman mean?She fell asleep before the program ended15. W: Take two of these pills three times a day and you shouldn't take them on an empty stomach.M: What if I don't have an appetite?Q: What can be inferred about the man?He may not be able to wake upPART BPassage I:The population of the world has been increasing faster and faster. In 10,000 B.C., there were probably 10 million people. In A.D. 1, there were 300 million. It took 1750 years for the population to reach 625 million, a little more than double the A.D. 1 figure. In 1990, there were 5.3 billion people. By the year 2000, the world'spopulation was over 6 billion, and by 2050, it is expected to reach 10 billion. Does the earth have enough natural resources to support this many people? Different scientists give different answers to this question. Some say that there are enough resources to support more than 6 billion people. However, the richest countries, with a small percentage of the world's population, use most of the resources. If these resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enough for everyone. Other scientists say that we must limit population growth because our resources are limited. Only 10 percent of the earth's land can be used for farming and another 20 percent for raising animals. It is possible to increase the amount of farmland, but only a little. Some land in developing countries could be more productive if people started using modern farming methods, but this would not increase worldwide production by much, We all know that there is a limited amount of petroleum. There are also limits to the amounts of metals. There is a limit to the amount of water we can use since most of the earth's water is salt water, and most of the fresh water is frozen at the North and South Poles. It is difficult to say how many people the earth can support, but it will help everyone if we can limit population growth before serious shortages develop. The problem is how to do it.1.Between 1990 and 2000, what changes did the world population have?It had increased by almost a billion2.According to some scientists, which of the following is true?The world’s resources are adequate but not evently distributed3.Why can't most of the earth's water be used?It is mostly salt or frozen at the North and South Poles4.In developing countries, what does the use of medern farming methods result in?5. According to the author, what can you infer from the passage?II 1.There were probably 10 million people.2.It is expected to be 10 billion.3.If the resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enoueh for everyone.4.Only 10 percent.5. It is how to limit population growth.Passage II:Fresh water, life itself, has never come easy in the Middle East. Ever since the Old Testament when God punished man with 40 days and 40 nights of rain, water supplies here have been dwindling. The rainfall only comes in winter and drains quickly through the semiarid land, leaving the soil to bake and to thirst for next November. The region's accelerating population growth, expanding agriculture, industrialization, and higher living standards demand more fresh water. Drought and pollution limit its availability. War and mismanagement squander it. Nations like Israel and Jordan are swiftly sliding into that zone where they are using all the water resources available to them. They have only 15 to 20 years left before theiragriculture, and ultimately their food security, is threatened. Even amid the scarcity there are haves and have-nots. Compared with the United States, which has a freshwater potential of 10,000 cubic meters a year for each citizen. Iraq has 5,500. Turkey has 4,000, and Syria has little more than 2,800. Egypt's potential is only 1,100. Israel has 460, and Jordan has less than 260. But these are not firm figures, because upstream use of river water can dramatically alter the potential downstream. Scarcity is only one element of the Middle East’s water crisis. Inefficiency is another, as is the reluctance of some water-poor nations to change priorities from agriculture to less water-intensive enterprises. Some experts suggest that if these nations would share both water technology and resources, they could satisfy the region's population, currently 159 million. But in this patchwork of ethnic and religious rivalries, the water crisis is not a clear-cut issue. It is entangled in the politics that keep people from trusting and seeking help from one another. Here, where water, like truth, is precious, each nation tends to find its own water and supply its own truth.1. When does the rainfall come in the Middle East?2. What is the cause of the water crisis?3. How many years are left for Israel and Jordan before their agriculture is threatened?4. What is the current population in the Middle East according to the passage?5. According to some experts' suggestion, what should the nations do in order to avoid a water crisis ?II 1) 10,000 2) 5,500 4) More than 2,8003) 4,000 5) Egypt 6) 460 7) Less than 260 Part D1) award, 3) profit, 5) dedication, 7) moment, 9) physical, 11) conflict, 13)worth, 15) heart, 17) compassion, 19) lust,2) glory, 4) trust, 6) significance, 8) anguish, 10) spirit, 12) alone, 14) room, 16) honor, 18) curse, 20) valueLESSON 2 Crime and PunishmentPart A1.M: Hello?W: Hello. This is Dr. Grey's office. We are calling to remind you of your 4:15 appointment for your annual checkup tomorrow.M: Oh, thanks. It's a good thing you called. I thought it was 4:15 today.Q: Why is the office calling the man?2. W: How wonderful! You won the scholarship. Can you believe it?M: No. It's almost too good to be true.Q: What does the man mean?3. W: Excuse me, Professor Davidson. But I was hoping to talk to you about my class project for economics.M: I have a class in a few minutes. Why don't you come and see me during office hours tomorrow?Q: When will the woman discuss her project with Professor Davidson?4. M: How are you feeling? W: The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped. But it's making me awfully drowsy.Q: What do you learn about the woman?5. M: Bill Smith has volunteered to write a summary of the proposals we've agreed on. W: Will I have a chance to review it?Q: What does the woman want to know?6.M: The view is spectacular. Could you take a picture of me with the mountains in the background?W: I'm afraid I just ran out of film.Q: What problem does the woman have?7. W: Excuse me, we're ready to order now.M: I'll be with you in just a minute.Q: What does the man mean?8. W: I think I forgot my umbrella. Did you notice if it is raining outside?M: Yeah, it is. And I just realized I left my car window open.Q: What will the man probably do next?9. W: How does your daughter like her new school?M: Fine. She seems to have made new friends in no time.Q: What can be inferred about the man's daughter?10. W: There's an article here in this magazine you might find interesting. It's about buying running shoes.M: If it's not chemistry and it's not on the final exam, I can't read it now.Q: What is the man probably doing?11. M: You're washing your car even on vacation. It makes me feel guilty.W: You shouldn’t, it’s just that I have nothing better to do at this moment.Q: What do you think of the woman?12. M: My doctor told me I need to go for some expensive treatments for my injured knee.W: Are you sure? Maybe you need a second opinion.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?13. W: Hello. Could you fit me in for an appointment today? I need a stylist who is good at cutting curly hair.M: Julia is good at that. She is the owner. How about noon?Q: What will the woman probably do?14. W: There's nothing I like more than a good mystery novel when I've got some spare time.M: I like to read, too. But I prefer non-fiction, history, social commentary and stuff like that.Q: What does the man imply?15. M: I'm not an expert, but that noise in your refrigerator doesn't sound good. Maybe you should call and have it checked out.W: You're right. And I suppose I've put it off long enough.Q: What will the woman probably do?Part BPassage IPurse snatching is an increasingly common crime. There are estimated 50 to 100 purse snatchings each month in the New York City subways, the number often swinging widely because of the depredations of a single teenager. When such a professional is in custody, the snatches can decrease by more than 50 a month. One of the favored techniques is to stand between two subway cars and, as a train starts pulling out of the station, reach out and pull free a woman's purse.Recently, a crime analysis officer for the New York Police Department found that purse stealing in Manhattan's top restaurants was up 35 percent over the previous year. When a woman puts her purse on an empty chair at a table or at her feet beside her chair, she is inviting a purse snatcher to take it. Purse snatchers often work in pairs. When a target in a restaurant is seen, one of them will create some kind of disturbance to gain the victim's attention. While the woman is looking away from her table, the actual snatcher will lift the purse. A popular technique is for the thief to carry an umbrella with the curved handle down. The umbrella handle suddenly hooks the bag and in an instant it is on the thief's wrist, or under the coat over his arm if he is a man, and on its way out of the restaurant. Police advise that women in restaurants keep their purse either on their laps or on the floor between their legs.Other purse snatchers who operate in theaters are called "seat tippers", victimizing women who put their purses down on a neighboring empty seat. Others specialize in snatching purses from ladies' rooms. When a woman is in a toilet stall, her purse should never be placed on the floor or hung on the coat hook on the door. Thieves simply dive under the door and grab the purse on the floor, or stand on the toilet in the next stall and reach over and take the purse off the hook. The snatcher has enough time to escape since the victim can't immediately pursue the thief.I. 1. When does the number of purse snatchings decrease most dramatically?2. Where does a purse snatcher like to commit crimes in subway stations?3. When women are in restaurants, where are they advised to put their purses?4. What does a thief often use to snatch purses in restaurants?5. According to this passage, where does purse snatching not usually occur?II. crime analysis officer; take it; purses; in pairs; top restaurants; an empty chair; to some kind of disturbance; coat hook; snatching never be placed; in the next stall; enough time to escapePassage IIOn the afternoon of July4,1995, Mrs.Beatrice Weinberger brought her one-month old baby back from an outing. She left the pram outside her house and hurried inside to get the baby a clean nappy. When she returned a few moments later, the pram was empty and a scrawled note was lying where her baby had been. The note said: "Attention. I badly need money, and can't get it any other way. Don't tell the police about this, otherwise I will kill the baby." "Just put $2,000 in small bills in a brown envelope, and place it next to the road lamp at the corner of Albamarle Rd. at exactly 10 o'clock tomorrow (Thursday) morning." "If everything goes smooth, I will bring the baby back and leave him on the same corner 'safe and happy' at exactly 12 noon. No excuse, I can not wait! Your baby-sitter." Despite the kidnapper's warning, Mrs. Weinbarger contacted the police. A small parcel containing broken pieces of newspaper was placed on the comer the following morning. But the kidnapper did not show up. He failed to keep two other” appointments" with the Weinbergers, and left a second note signed "Your baby-sitter'. By then, the police felt that the baby was no longer alive. The FBI was called in, and the handwriting experts set to work to try to track down the kidnapper. In both notes an unusual z-shaped stroke was placed at the front of the y in words such as "money" and "baby". Starting with the New York State Police Office, the experts spent the next six weeks carefully going over local records at police offices, factories, hotels, clubs and schools and examining handwriting samples and comparing them with the writing on the kidnapper's notes. Then, in the middle of August, the experts' hard efforts paid off. The handwriting of John Rush Blake matched that of the kidnapper's, especially in the peculiar formation of the y's. Not long after, John Blake was arrested for making illegal alcohol. On being shown the handwriting samples, he confessed to kidnapping the baby. He told the police that he had left the baby alive and well in a nearby park on the day after the kidnapping. But when officers hurried to the place, all they found was the baby's dead body. The criminal was later put into New York's Sing Sing Prison. Even if John Blake had tried to disguise his handwriting he would still have been caught. No matter how hard someone may try to disguise his handwriting characteristics, the "individuality" of the writer shows through, the very angle at which he or she holds a pen, the way a t is crossed and an i is dotted, the height and size of capital and small letters, the amount of space between words, the use (or misuse) of punctuation marks. All these can identify a person as surely as fingerprints.I. 1. What happened to Mrs. Weinberger on the afternoon of July 4th, 1995?2. According to the message left by the kidnapper, on what condition could Mrs. Weinberger have her baby back?3. What did Mrs. Weinberger do after reading the note?4. How did the FBI catch the criminal?5. Which of the following words can best describe people's handwriting characteristics?II. 1. ( T ) When Mrs. Weinberger came back from an outing something terriblehappened to her.2. ( T ) Someone kidnapped her baby because he lacked money.3. ( F ) The kidnapper did not confess to die kidnapping of the baby in the face of the handwriting sample.4. ( T ) It was the handwriting expert that broke the case.5. ( F ) At last, the police found the baby and he was safe and happy.Passage III.Timothy McVaigh placed a powerful bomb near a federal government building in Oklahoma City in 1995. The explosion killed 168 people, including 19 children. Arguments are increasing in the United States both for and against the death penalty. The increasing death penalty debate is caused by the planned execution of convicted murderer McVeigh. He is to be the first person executed by the federal government since 1963. 38 states permit the death sentence. Last year 85 people were executed in the United States. Recent public opinion studies show that more than 75 percent of Americans supper McVeigh's execution. These include many Americans who usually oppose the death sentence. Kent Scheidegger is with the Criminal Justice Legal Foundation in Califomia. It is a victim's rights organization that supports the death penalty. Mr. Scheidegger says McVeigh is a perfect example of why there is a need for a federal death penalty. He says anything less than the death of McVeigh would show a complete lack of justice. Groups opposed to the death penalty say the approval of the execution of McVeigh does not show an increase in general public support for the death penalty. Opinion studies show that support for the death penalty has decreased. Studies show 77 percent of Americans supported it five years ago, now only about 63 percent do, Opponents of the death penalty have always argued that it was unfair. They say poor people who can not pay for good legal help receive the death penalty more often than others. And they say courts order the death penalty more often when the accused is a member of a racial minority group.Part D1)generous 2)company 3)hospitality 4)reception 5)reputation6)anniversary7)suspicion 8)mutual 9)vastest10)communication 11)commerce 12)contact 13)1975 14)openness 15)potential 16)secure 17)lure 18)astonish 19)reach 20)confidentLESSON 3 Computers and the Internet Part A1.M: This report is due tomorrow. Would you be able to work on it with me tonight? W: Unfortunately, I have another commitment.Q: What is the woman saying?2. W: I wonder where the books I ordered are. I expected to receive the package several days ago.M: Maybe you'd better check it out with the company. They could be temporarily out of stock.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?3. M: I just have to type this last page and then I'm through.W: By then, I'll be done, too.Q: What can be learned about the woman?4. W: Did you read the editorial in the paper about the mayor's speech?M: I sure did. But I think they twisted the meaning of what he said.Q: What does the man say about the editorial?5. W: Why don't we go to see a movie tonight? A good comedy might cheer you up. M: I would. But the reason that I've been so down is all this work I have to do.Q: What can be inferred about the man?6. W: So, are you going to see the students' play tonight?M: I doubt it. I'm still getting over the flu.Q: What is true about the man?7. M: Gordon needs to find another place to live. The apartment he rents now has been sold to a new owner.W: He'd better start looking right away. When all the students come back in a few weeks, he won't find any near the campus.Q: What does the woman suggest Gordon do?8. W: Mind if I borrow your Spanish workbook?M: Not as long as I have it back in time to take to class this evening.Q: What does the man mean?9. W: You don't believe in diets, do you?M: There is nothing wrong with them per se but they have to be combined with exercise to do any good.Q: What is the man's attitude towards diets ?10. W: I don't know which color folder to use, white or brown.M: What difference does it make? It's the content that's important.Q: What is the implication of the man?11. W: You know, I've heard that Professor Martin's Introduction to Chemistry class is too demanding for first year students. They say it's the most difficult course for graduate students.M: Yeah, but a lot of students will tell you otherwise. Go talk to anyone who has gone to an advanced course, like Organic Chemistry, or who studied chemistry in graduate school. They're really glad they started out with Professor Martin.Q: What does the man imply about Professor Martin?12. W: Hey, Mark. Have you been able to sell your old piano, yet?M: Hmm, you were right. Just posting notices on bulletin boards at a couple of supermarkets wasn't enough. I think I'll have to place an advertisement in the local newspaper.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?13. W: I'm amazed that you still haven't gotten to know your neighbors.M: They tend to keep to themselves.Q: Why hasn't the man gotten to know his neighbors?14. W: Hi! Um, I think something is wrong with the washing machine. It works, and I just did my laundry, but it makes some strange noises. Maybe you should call someone to fix it.M: Oh, don't worry. Someone from the repair shop is already on the way over to take a look at it.Q: What is the implication of the man?15. W: It's so thoughtful of you to offer to drop me off at the train station. Are you sure it's not out of your way?M: Not at all. The station is really close to where I'm going.Q: What can be learned about the man?Part BPassage IThe Application of Computers in Education The best method for improving educational standards is to utilize every tool available, including state-of-the-art technology. Computers and the internet have expanded the way in which information can be delivered to the students of today. Today's networking technologies provide a valuable opportunity to practise new learning techniques. Educators are discovering that computers are facilitating learning. Computer-based communications, or telecommunications, can offer many educational opportunities; therefore, educators will need to adapt current teaching methods to incorporate this new media into the classroom. Computers have made a fundamental impact on most industries, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many businesses. Therefore, schools must also use technology to improve the educational process. School systems often consider purchasing a computer network, and justify its purchase by applying it to routine administrative tasks, such as attendance records and grading. While these tasks are very important, they only show a small part of what technology can do for a school. Technology must go further than simply keeping attendance; it must focus on keeping students interested and productive. Since computers and the Internet haveexpanded the ways in which education can be delivered to students, it is currently possible to engage in "distance education" through the Internet. Distance education involves audio and video links between teachers and students in remote areas. Video conferencing allows groups to communicate with each other. Desktop video conferencing promises to bring students together from geographic and cultural distances face to face via computer. Not only will the teacher talk to the students, but the students will be able to interact with each other. This will make students more interested in learning.I. 1. According to the passage, what are educators discovering?2. What do schools usually purchase computer networks for?3. According to the author, what should computers be mainly used for?4. Which of the following is NOT a feature of video conferencing?5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?II. fundamental impact; be essential; improve the educational process; justify its purchase; attendance records; what technology can doPassage IIE-Commerce The Internet, as a means for commerce, did not become reality until the 1990s. Before this time, it was mainly a tool for the army, and a research device for some American universities. Its popularity grew when it proved to be a fast and efficient means to conduct long distance transactions, as well as an effective way to distribute information. The first advantage that e-commerce possesses is speed. With increased speeds of communication, the delivery time is expedited and that makes the whole transaction from start to finish more efficient. Also, you can find practically any product available for sale on the Internet. Even more significant is the fact that information appearing on the Internet can be changed rapidly. This gives business owners the ability to inform customers of any changes to the service that they are offering. The second advantage of electronic commerce is the opportunity it offers to save on costs. By using the Internet, marketing, distribution, personnel, phone, postage and printing costs, among many others, can be reduced. You can start doing business in cyberspace for as little as $100. The savings, therefore, are tremendous. These funds can then be diverted to marketing and advertising your product or service. Cyberspace knows no national boundaries. That means you can do business all over the world as easily as you can in your own neighborhood. Since the Internet connects everyone in cyberspace, information is transmitted at the speed of sound or the speed of light, depending on your connection. Either way, distance becomes meaningless, which enables you to link to nearly anyone on the globe, and anyone on the globe can link to you. The ability to establish links makes doing business on the Internet attractive to customers in any part of the world. A potential source of trouble is customer concerns with privacy and security. Anything sent over the Internet is sent through several different computers before it reaches its final destination. The concern regarding Internet security and privacy is that unscrupulous hackers can capture credit card or check account data as it is transferred or break into。

第一章考研听力复试风向标第一节概述自从2004年考研英语取消听力考试，在初试中已经不见听力的踪影，但是大纲中仍然保留了对于英语听力的要求。

根据大纲的要求，考生不仅应该听懂日常生活中的通知、讲话、一般性谈话或讨论等，还应该能够听懂所熟悉领域的广播电视节目、讲座、演讲和论述等。

在考试中，考生应该能够根据所听材料做到：1. 理解主旨要义2. 获取事实性的具体信息3. 理解明确的或隐含的概念性含义4. 进行有关的判断、推理和引申5. 理解说话人的态度、观点和意图第二节题型简介考研复试规定的参考题型分为三类：填充表格题、简答和补全句子题、选择题。

一，填充表格题主要测试考生理解特定或者具体信息的能力。

同时，测试考生的听写能力（相当于六级考试中的Spot Dictation）。

考试形式一般为填充表格中的空白，内容一般为数字、人名、地名或是其他实义名词、动词或形容词。

考生所应遵循的原则是：所听即所得。

听力材料一般为一段180-220个单词的独白或对话。

录音材料播放两遍。

二，简答和补全句子题主要测试考生理解具体或总体信息的能力。

同时，也测试考生的听写能力（类似于六级考试中的Compound Dictation）。

考试形式一般为补全所给句子或是简要回答提出的问题、这要求考生具备掌握所听句子内容及结构的能力。

答案极有可能是所听单词或词组的同义词或近义词形式。

考生应遵循的原则是：既见树木，也见森林。

听力材料一般为一段280-320个单词的独白或对话。

录音材料播放两遍。

三，选择题主要测试考生获取特定信息、理解主旨要义、推测或判断说话人意图、观点或态度的能力。

考试形式为大家所熟悉的单项选择题（四选一）。

这不仅要求考生具备听懂句子和掌握整段甚至全篇意义的能力，还要求考生具备一定的判断和推理能力，能理解说话人暗含的意思。

考生应遵循的原则是：根据语言和文化背景，按常识选择作答。

听力材料分为多个小对话或独白，录音材料播放一遍。

简短对话题常考的话题总结：【可以参考/power/gason.htm】1. 学校生活：课程、考试、作业、借书、实验、求教、实习等2.旅游交通：参观、游览、乘车、登记、海关检查等3. 饮食娱乐：餐饮、聚会、游泳、球赛、影视等4. 宾馆住房：房屋租用、房间预订、住房搬迁等5. 工作状况：求职、面试、职务升迁、工资待遇等6. 卫生环境：气候、温度、环境卫生、疾病、就医等7. 装饰维修：房屋装修、设备安装、检测修理等8.日常生活：活动安排、人际交往、购物消费、打电话等。

LESSON 1 Music1. M: By the way, Jane, did you talk to the consultant顾问about our new health program?W: I contacted联系his office but his secretary said he would （be out for）试图得到lunch until two.Q: What does the woman mean?2. W: We need to l et everyone know about the charity [ˈtʃæriti] n. 慈爱concert, but we don't have much money for advertising.M: How about using the school radio station? They broadcast free public service服务announcements. 通告Q: What does the man suggest they do?3. W: I don't understand why this self-study自学book doesn't have answers to the questions.M: But it does. You can find them at the back of the book.Q: What does the man say about the self-study book?4. M: The new sales manager says he has never met you before.W: We've been introduced about three times. He seems a little forgetful.Q: What do we learn about the new sales manager?5. M: Have you had the brakes[breik] n制动器; 闸; 刹车. and tires checked? And do you have enough money?W: I have taken care of everything. And I'm sure it's going to be a wonderful极好的, 精彩的, 绝妙的trip.Q: What's the woman going to do?6. M: I've had my new stereo立体声for a whole week, but I haven't yet figured out想到how to record music.W: Didn't an instruction man ual [ˈmænjuəl] 手册形式的，像手册的；教范性质的come with it?Q: What does the woman imply?7. W: I want to pay you for that long-distance call I made. But, I suppose you haven't gotten your phone bill yet,M: Oh, but I have.Q: What does the man mean?8. M: Professor Smith assigned us three more novels to read.W: He must think you don't have any other classes.Q: What can be inferred about Professor Smith?9. M: Let's go watch the fireworks烟花tonight.W: I have tickets to the theater.Q: What does the woman mean?10. M: I am exhausted筋疲力尽的. I stayed up熬夜the whole night studying for my history midterm exam.W: Why do you always wait till the last minute?Q: What can be inferred about the man?11. M: I'll be coming straight from work, so I'll have to pack包装；捆扎a change of clothes.W: It's only a barbecue [ˈbɑ:bikju:] (常用于室外的)金属烤架. Jeans and T-shirts will be fine.Q: What does the woman imply?12. W: I'm going to the snack [snæk] 小吃; 点心; 快餐bar for a cup of coffee. Would you like me to bring you back something?M: Not from the snack bar, but could you pick up a paper for me?Q: What does the man mean?13. M: I don't understand how this budget was calculated[ˈkælkjuleit] 计算, 估计, 核算.W: Let me have a look, OK?Q: What does the woman mean?14. W: We need a fourth player for tennis this morning. Do you want to join us?M: I've got a class at nine, but Carol is free and she is really good.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?15. W: Have you saved enough to buy that new printer for your computer yet?M: You know, money seems to be burning a hole in my pocket lately. Maybe next month.Q: What does the man mean?PART B Intensive加强的Listening: MusicPassage I: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart沃尔夫冈·阿马多伊斯·莫扎特Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) was one of the most human and lovable [ˈlʌvəbəl] 可爱的,惹人爱的of the great composers[kəmˈpəʊzə] (尤指古典音乐)作曲家,创作者,作曲者. The period in which he lived was one of romantic interest, and his early life as a musical音乐的, 用于音乐的, 有音乐的child genius [ˈdʒi:njəs] 天才, 天赋before the principal最重要的; 主要的courts of Europe reads like a fairy [ˈfɛəri]仙人, 小仙子, 小精灵tale传说；陈述.(At no time)决不in the history of the world has the court life of Europe been so wasteful [ˈweɪstfəl]浪费的;挥霍的;耗费的as during the later half of the eighteenth century. One of the great child geniuses [ˈdʒi:njəs]天才, 天赋the world has ever known, the boy Mozart, and his sister Maria Anna, soon became the court favorites [ˈfeivərit]特别喜欢的人(或物),喜欢的事物,亲信,心腹,幸运儿and traveled not only in Austria, but to France and Italy as well. It was but natural天生的, 生来的，本来的，与生俱来的that the youthful青年人的; 青春的; genius [ˈdʒi:njəs]天才, 天赋should be influenced by these experiences. There is a delicacy [ˈdelɪkəsi:] 精致, 精美;娇嫩and refinement [rɪˈfaɪnmənt]精炼；提炼；提纯in Mozart's musical expression which is not found in the works of his master男教师; 院长, Haydn.From his seventh year until his death at the age of thirty-five, Mozart's genius (poured forth)连续不断地流出a free stream of over a thousand melodious [məˈləʊdi:əs]有旋律的,产生旋律的compositions创作, 写作, 作曲, many of which were never published. Mozart wrote all forms for all instruments仪器. Of his forty-nine symphonies[ˈsimfəni]交响乐, 交响曲, the two greatest are G-minor and C-major. These works were both written in six weeks during the summer of 1788.As a composer (尤指古典音乐)作曲家,创作者,作曲者of opera [ˈɔpərə]歌剧, Mozart still remains pre-eminent卓越的,优秀的. His dramatic戏剧性的works show great individual个别的, 单独的, 个人的genius天才, 天赋, but little regard for the previous先前的, 以前的reforms改革, 改良, 改造of Gluck. His areas have never been surpassed 超过; 优于; 多于; 非…所能办到and his dramatic戏剧的, 剧本的simplicity[simˈplisiti]简单, 朴素, 率直has rarely been equaled by succeeding composers作曲家. Mozart's greatest operas歌剧, "The Marriage of Figaro费加罗的婚礼", "Don Giovanni' and "The Magic Flute" are still popular favorites with singers歌手;歌唱家and the public as well. Gifted with a marvelous free melody, Mozart's music, even in his strictest compositions, possesses[pəˈzes].具有 a simplicity 简单, 朴素, 率直and naive grace优雅which charms[tʃɑ:m]使高兴, 使着迷; 吸引all hearers.1. Which of the following countries had NOT been visited by Mozart and his sister?2. How many symphonies交响乐did Mozart create?3. Which word could be used to describe描写, 叙述the period in which Mozart lived?4. In which period did Mozart live?5. How long did Mozart engage in参加; 从事; 忙于composing?II.1. ( F ) Like his master Haydn, Mozart created his works with refinement细微的改良; （精细的）改进, 改善and delicacy精致, 精美;娇嫩.2. ( T ) Mozart composed all forms of music for all instruments.3. ( F ) In Mozart's works, much attention was paid to the previous先前的, 以前的reforms of Gluck格卢克.4. ( T ) Mozart's areas have never been surpassed超过; 优于.5. (T) Simplicity简单, 朴素, 率直is one of the characteristics特征in Mozart's music.Passage II: American MusicOne of America's most important exports出口is her modern music. American music is played all over the world. It is enjoyed by the people of all ages in all countries. Although the lyrics ['liriks] 歌词are English, people not speaking English can enjoy it too. The reasons for its popularity普遍,流行; are its fast pace [peis步子；节奏and rhythmic [ˈrɪðmɪk] 有韵律的, 有节奏的beat[bi:t]节拍, 拍子.The music has many origins [ˈɔridʒin]起点; 来源in the United States. Country music, coming from the rural农村的，乡村的areas in the southern United States, is one source来源, 出处. Country music features以…为物色是…特征simple themes 题目，主题，and melodies 曲调, 歌曲describing day-to-day situations形势; 情况and the feelings of country people. Many people appreciate欣赏, 赏识, this music because of the emotions 情感，感情expressed by country music songs.A second origin of American popular music is the blues[blu:z]布鲁斯歌曲；蓝调歌曲. It depicts描述mostly sad feelings reflecting表达; 反映the difficult lives of American blacks. It is usually played and sung by black musicians, but it is popular with all Americans.（Rock music）摇滚音乐is a newer form of music. This music style风格, featuring .以…为物色是…特征fast and repetitious重复的;反复的rhythms节奏, was influenced by the blues布鲁斯歌曲；蓝调歌曲and country music. It was first known as rock-and-roll in the 1950s. Since then there have been many forms of rock music: hard rock, soft rock, and others. Many performers of popular music are young musicians.American popular music is marketed在市场上出售某物to a demanding(顾客的)需求、需要audience观众, 听众; 读者. Now popular songs are heard on the radio several times a day. Some songs have become popular all over the world. People hear these songs sung in their original起初的; 原来的English or sometimes translated into other languages. The words may differ but the enjoyment of the music is universal普遍的.I.1. Which group of people enjoy American music?2. Why is American music so popular in all countries?3. What can be learned from the passage?4. What do you know from the passage?5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?Passage III: Music in Different CulturesIn western culture music is regarded as good by birth在血统上,生来, and sounds that are welcome are said to be "music to the ears". In some other cultures文化-- for example, Islamic伊斯兰的,伊斯兰教的culture -- it is of little value, associated (使)发生联系, (使)联合; 结交, 结伙with sin [sin]罪恶, 罪孽and evil罪恶. In the West and in the high cultures of Asia, it is said that there are three types of music. First, classical古典的, 经典的music, composed 组成, 构成and performed by trained professionals具有某专业资格的人, 专业人士originally最初under the support of courts 宫廷, 宫室and religious宗教的establishments建立, 确立; second, folk music民间音乐, shared by the population at large and passed on传递; 传授orally口头上地,口述地, and third, popular music, performed by professionals, spread (使)传播, (使)散布through radio, television, records, film, and print, and consumed消耗，耗尽by the mass public. Music is a major component成分, 组成部分, 部件, 元件in religious宗教的services, theater剧场,戏院,, and entertainment娱乐, 文娱节目, 表演会of all sorts. The most universal use of music is as a part of religious rituals仪式. In some tribal [ˈtraɪbəl] 部落的societies, music appears to serve as a special form of communication with supernatural 超自然的;鬼、神或幻术所引起的beings, and its prominent显著的; 突出的use in modern Christian基督教徒and Jewish犹太人的;犹太教徒的services may be the leftover of just such an original原始的purpose. Another less obvious function of music is social adherence遵守;遵循；坚持. For most social groups, music can serve as a powerful symbol 象征, 标志. Members of most societies share keen热衷的, 热心的, feelings as to what kind of music they "belong to". Indeed, some minorities少数, 小部分including, in the U. S.A., black Americans and Euro-American groups use music as a major symbol of group identity身份. Music also symbolizes象征;作为…的象征military军事的, 军用的;, patriotic [ˌpætriˈɔtik]爱国的, 有爱国心的and funeral葬礼, 丧礼moods心情, 情绪and events. In a more general 普遍的, 全面的; sense, music may express the central最重要的, 主要的, 首要social values of a society. In western culture, the interrelationship相互关系of conductor and orchestra [ˈɔ:kistrə]管弦乐队symbolizes the need for strong cooperation合作, 协作among various kinds of specialists 专家, 行家in a modern industrial society.I.1. In what culture is music regarded as good by birth?2. Which of the following is performed by professionals?3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?4. According to the passage, what is the most universal use of music?5. Which of the following is NOT symbolized by music?II.1. In some other cultures, music is of low value, associated with sin and evil.2. For most social groups, music can serve as a powerful symbol. Members of most societies share keen feelings as to what kind of music they "belong to".3. In a more general sense, music may express the central social values of a society. In Western culture, the interrelationship between conductor and orchestra symbolizes the need for strong cooperation among various kinds of specialists in a modern industrial society.PART C（1）Practical （2）Religious（3）Sunday School（4）Piano（5）a walk （6）join them（7）other people （8）go to the cinema（9）at the time （10）duty（11）gentle （12）discussion（13）penniless （14）vivid（15）greeted （16）love and warmth（17）come home （18）principles（19）applyingLESSON 21. M: Do you still want to go to the graduate研究生的school after you get out of college?W: I've changed my mind about that. I want to start working before I go back to school.Q: What does the woman mean?2. M: We've got a whole hour before the Browns come by来串门, 来访to pick us up安排接取; 使搭乘; 搭救.W: Yeah. But we'd better get moving赶快；快些开始.Q: What does the woman suggest they do?3. M: I'm thinking of getting a new printer.W: I'd invest in在…上投资, 在…投入(时间、精力等) a laser [ˈleizə激光] printer. The print quality is much better. Q: What does the woman mean?4. W: I've got a coupon [ˈku:pɔn] 配给券；（购物）票证；（购物）优惠券for half-off五折dinner at that new restaurant down the street. I think I'll use it when my cousin [ˈkʌzn]堂[表]兄弟[姊妹] comes for a visit this weekend.M: Where did you get it? I wouldn't mind（trying that place out too）试验.Q: What does the man want to know?5. W: What's Laura doing here today? I thought she was supposed to be out of he office on Mondays.W: She decided she'd rather have Fridays off instead.Q: What can be inferred about Laura?6. M: I need to find a new roommateW: So John's going to California after all.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?7. M: My math assignment's due tomorrow morning and I haven't even started it yet.W: I'll miss you at the party tonight.Q: Why does the woman say so?8. W: Those packages took forever to arrive.M: But they did arrive, didn't they?Q: What does the man say about the packages?9. M: My parents are coming to see our apartment this weekend.W: Looks as if I'd better lend you my vacuum [ˈvækjuəm] cleaner then.Q: What does the woman imply?10. M: Sarah, did you have a chance to buy that new novel you wanted?W: No, but I had Doris get it for me.Q: What does Sarah say about the novel?11. M: I've been waiting all week for this concert. The philharmonic [filɑ:ˈmɔnik]交响乐团is supposed to be excellent and with our student discoun [ˈdiskaunt]数目, 折扣t the tickets will be really cheap.W: Uh -- uh, I'm afraid I left my student ID in my other purse钱包.Q: What does the woman imply? 暗示, 暗指12. M: The university bookstore opens at 9 in the morning.W: Oh, dear. I need a textbook教科书, 课本for my eight o'clock class today.Q: What does the woman mean?13. M: The storm暴风雨[雪] last night damaged some of the neighbor's roofs.W: no wonder不足为奇.Q: What does the woman mean?14. M: You've certainly无疑地; 确定地；肯定地been reading that one page for a long time now.W: Well, I'm being tested on it tomorrow.Q: What does the woman imply暗示?15. W: Another thing we need to do is show the new students around town. You know, show them all the sights视野；风景of the area.M: I don't see why we need to do that ourselves. I understand the visitors' center offers a wonderful bus tour旅行, 观光.Q: What does the man suggest they do?PART BPassage I:People in the US get a two-week paid有报酬的;领取报酬的vacation from their job every year. Most British people have four or five weeks paid holiday a year. Americans often complain抱怨, 诉苦; 投诉that two weeks is not enough especially when they hear about the longer holidays that Europeans enjoy. In addition, there are eight days in each European country, which are public holidays (the British call Bank Holiday) and many of these fall on落到, 轮到a Monday giving people a long weekend.What do people do in Britain and the US when they are on holidays? In the US, outdoor vacations are popular, for example, at the Grand Canyon峡谷or Yellowstone or other national parks or forests. Young people may go walking or camping 宿营, 露营in the mountains. Many people have small trailers拖车, 挂车in which to travel, or if they are in a car, they may stay at motels汽车旅馆on the journey旅行; 行程;. Disneyland and Disney world are also popular and people can go skiing in the Rocky洛矶Mountains of Colorado科罗拉多州, Wyoming怀俄明州and Montana蒙大纳(美国州名). Some children go to summer camp for a holiday during the summer vacation from school, where they do special activities, such as sports or crafts技巧；技能；技艺. When Americans want a holiday for fun in the sun, they usually go to Florida, Hawaii, Mexico or the Caribbean. They may go to Europe for culture, for example, to see art, plays, and places of historic历史上著名（或重要）的interest.In Britain, many people like to go to the seaside for holidays. There are places near the sea, such as Backpool, Scarborough斯卡波罗and Bournemouth伯恩茅斯, where there is plenty充裕, 大量, 富庶to do even when it rains. People also like to go to the country, especially to walk, in places like Scotland, Wales and the Lake湖泊District. When the British go abroad they usually want to go somewhere warm. Spain and the Spanish islands of Majorea and Ibiza伊比沙岛are popular as are other places in southern Europe. For skiing, people often go to the Alps阿尔卑斯山.1. How long a paid vacation can Americans enjoy every year?2. How many days are there about public holidays for Europeans in a year? weeks.3. Where do Americans usually go for fun in the sun?4. Where do Americans usually spend their holidays for culture?5. British people usually go to Spain for holidays. What for?l. ( ) Many of the public holidays are on Friday in Britain.2. ( ) Americans like to have outdoor activities during their vacations.3. ( ) Some American children do some special activities in the summer camps during their vacations.4. ( ) When British people go abroad, they usually go for culture.5. ( ) For the British, the Alps is a skiing resort度假胜地, 旅游胜地.Passage II:Every country in the world celebrates New Year but not everyone does it on the same day. The countries of North and South America and Europe welcome the New Year on January 1. This practice began with the Romans. Julius Caesar, a Roman ruler, changed the date of the New Year from the first day of March to the first day of January. In the Middle East, New Year is on the day when spring begins. People in China celebrate it on the Spring Festival, which is the first day of thei r lunar [ˈlju:nə] 月的, 月球的;按阴历的calendar[ˈkælində] 日历, 月历. The Spring Festival usually comes between January 21 and February 19. Rosh Hashana犹太新年, which is the Jewish New Year, comes at the end of summer.In all of these cultures, there is a tradition of making noise. People made noise in ancient times to drive away the evil 邪恶的, 坏的，恶毒的spirits神灵, 幽灵from home. Many people do it with fire-works. In Japan, people go from house to house making noise with drums 鼓, 鼓状物and bamboo竹, 竹竿sticks棍, 棒. Young people in Denmark丹麦throw broken pieces of jars罐子, 广口瓶or pots against the sides of friends' houses.In the United States, many people stay up until midnight on New Year's Eve前日, 前夕to watch the clock pass from one year to the next. Friends often gather together at a party on New Year's Eve, and when the New Year comes, all ring环状物, 圆圈bells钟, 铃, 电铃, blow吹horns[hɔ:n]号, 号角, blow whistle哨子, 汽笛songs, and kiss each other.In many European countries, families start the new year by first attending church services, which is followed by paying calls on friends and relatives. Italian boys and girls receive gifts of money on New Year's Day.New Year's Day is more joyful快乐的, 高兴的than Christmas圣诞节in France and Scotland. In these countries Christmas is a religious holiday only, while the New Year is the time for gifts-giving, parties, and visits.1. Who changed the date of the New Year from March 1 to January 172. When does the Jewish New Year begin?3. Why did people make noise in ancient times when they celebrated the New Year?4. According to the speaker, how do the children in Denmark celebrate the New Year?5. In which country do children receive gifts of money on New Year's Day?1. ( ) People in the Middle East welcome the New Year on January 1.2. ( )The Spring Festival usually comes between January 21 and February 19.3. ( ) On New Year's Day, many people make noise with fireworks.4. ( ) In all European countries, families start the new year by paying calls on friends and relatives.5. ( ) Christmas is the most joyful and important festival of the year in France.Passage 3:Hundreds of years ago in England, many children dressed up as adults on Valentine's Day and they went singing from home to home. In Wales, wooden love spoons were carved and given as gifts on February 14th. Hearts, keys and keyholes were favorite decorations on the spoons. The decoration meant, "You unlock my heart!" In the Middle Ages, young men and women drew names from a bowl to see who their valentines would be. They would wear these names on their sleeves for one week. To wear your heart on your sleeve now means that it is easy for other people to know how you are feeling. In some countries, a young woman may receive a gift of clothing from a young man. If she keeps the gift,it means she will marry him. Some people used to believe that if a woman saw a robin flying overhead on Valentine's Day, it meant she would marry a sailor. If she saw a sparrow, she would marry a poor man and be very happy. If she saw a goldfinch, she would marry a millionaire.A love seat is a wide chair. It was first made to seat one woman and her wide dress. Later, the love seat or courting seat had two sections, often in an S-shape. In this way, a couple could sit together -- but not too closely! Think of five or six names of boys or girls you might marry. As you twist the stem of an apple, recite the names until the stem comes off. You will marry the person whose name you were saying when the stem fell off. Pick a dandelion that has gone to seed. Take a deep breath and blow the seeds into the wind. Count the seeds that remain on the stem. That is the number of children you will have. If you cut an apple in half and count how many seeds are inside, you will also know how many children you will have.1. According to the passage, who would dress up on V alentine's Day hundreds of years ago in England?2. What are NOT mentioned as the favorite decorations on the carved spoons?3. According to the passage, what kind of person would a woman marry if she saw4. Why was a love seat made?5. According to the passage, when a woman twists the stem of an apple, what does the woman want to see?1.(T) To wear your heart on your sleeve means that it's easy for other people to know how you are feeling.2. (T) If a woman keeps the gift of clothing from a young man, it means that she will marry him.3. (F) A love seat was made in an S-shape for a couple to sit on comfortably.4. (F) Nowadays, we think that if a woman sees a sparrow flying overhead on Valentine's Day, she will marry a poor man and be very happy.5. ( T ) According to the passage, you can guess how many children you will have with the help of an apple or a dandelion.PART C1) 1947 2) Yale Law School 3) a brave face 4) family life 5) stood by 6) on her husband's behalf 7) highlight 8) the White House9) relationship 10) her marriage 11)all Americans 12) the First Lady 13) 1996 14) law firm15) public stage 16)everybody 17) the same thing 18) in private 19) public responsibilities 20) a true homeLesson 31. W: The report says all departments are making a profit except the Asian department.M: Well, Mr. Smith seems to be the wrong person to head that department. One more step wrong and he will be removed from that office.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?2. W: During the last thunderstorm, I noticed several leaks in my bedroom ceiling and they really caused a mess.M: Maybe you have some broken tiles. I have the phone number of a good roofing company that could do a good repair job for you at a reasonable price.Q: What can we conclude from this conversation?3. W: How did you do on the math exam, John?M: I barely made it. It was just a passing score but better than I had expected.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?4. M: I wonder what makes Mother so upset these days?W: Father is canceling his vacation trip. He promised to take her abroad last year, but the company is again asking father to postpone his vacation.Q: Why is their mother unhappy?5. W: Friday's speaker is supposed to be wonderful. Are you going to attend the seminar that day?M: Yes, but I haven't been able to get a ticket yet. Since the lecture is open to the public, I imagine the tickets may have already been sold out.Q: Why is the man afraid he won't be able to attend the seminar?6. M: Could you lend me your biology notes?W: Do you think you'll be able to make out my handwriting?Q: What does the woman imply about the notes?7. W: Did you pick up my books from Ron's house?M: Sorry. It slipped my mind.Q: What does the man mean?8. W: Would you like to go to the movies with us tonight?M: To the movies? Tonight is the biggest concert of the year.Q: What does the man mean?9. M: Just one person in the whole class got an A on the test! YOU!W: ALL RIGHTQ: What does the woman mean?10. W: We are having a party at our house on the weekend of the 30th. Would you like to join us?M: That sounds like a lot of fun. But I'll need to check my calendar first.Q: What does the man imply?11. M: I've been running a mile every afternoon for the past month. But I still haven't been able to lose more than a pound or two. I wonder if it's worth it.W: Oh, don't give up now. It always seems hard when you are just starting out.Q: What does the woman mean?12. M: I'm going to the vegetable stand today. Can I pick up anything for you?W: No, thanks. I just came back from the market myself.Q: What does the woman mean?13. M: I don't understand why I received such a low grade on my term paper.W: You should make an appointment with the professor to discuss it.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?14. M: The sound of all that traffic is driving me out of my mind.W: It is had. But the highway will reopen tomorrow, then we won't have all those cars passing by any more.Q: What does the woman imply?15. W: I invited your mother to lunch yesterday. But she said she didn't have any free time.M: Yeah. She just got a new job.Q: What does the man mean?Passage I:Established on January 1, 1995, World Trade Organization is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GA TT). It exists to promote a free-market international trade system. The WTO promotes trade by:1. reducing tariffs;2. prohibiting import or export bans or quotas;3. eliminating discrimination against foreign products and services;4. eliminating other impediments to trade, commonly called "non-tariff trade barriers''.With China's successful entry into WTO in Nov 2001, it currently has 135 member countries, accounting for over 90% of world trade. Over 30 others are negotiating membership. The WTO's top-level decision-making body is the ministerial conference which meets at least once every two years. Over three-quarters of WTO members are developing countries. Special provisions for these members are included in the WTO's agreements. GATT is now the WTO's principal rule-book.Decisions are made by the entire membership by consensus or majority vote. The WTO's agreements have been ratified in all members' parliaments. If a trade barrier is found to be unfair, the WTO can authorize the imposition of trade sanctions to force a change in that country's law. The WTO exempts trade barriers which are designed to conserve naturalresources or protect health.Critics say the WTO credits agreements are skewed in favor of rich countries. The west may preach trade liberalization, but it has used negotiations to prize third world market while keeping its own barriers intact.1.When was the World Trade Organization established?2. What is the aim of establishing the WTO?3. According to the passage, how many member countries does the WTO currently have?4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?5. What does the WTO do if a trade barrier is found to be unfair in a certain country?1.GATT,2.over 90%,3.the ministerial conference,4.conserve natural resources, protect health,5.in favor of rich countries.Passage IIWorld financial circles affirm that this year has witnessed the most forceful economic growth over the past 13 years. The growth rate is expected to reach 4.7 percent, much higher than the 2.5 percent in 1998 and the 3.3 percent in 1999. The average economic growth rate of developed countries may reach 4.2 percent this year. The US economy continues to lead the tide of the world economic growth, with its economic growth rate getting close to 5.2 percent. The European economic situation is also better than that in previous years, and the average growth rate of the 11 countries in the Euro zone is to reach 3.5 percent. The Japanese economy has freed itself from a slump, and its growth rate this year may reach 1.9 percent, higher than the average growth rate in the past 10 years.The average economic growth rate of the developing countries this year can reach 5.6 percent. The economic development in the Asian developing regions has attracted people's attention. Their growth rate this year may reach 7.1 percent. The Russian economy has had an unexpected, strong recovery from the 1998 crisis, with the growth rate possibly reaching 6 percent.Among the many factors that have boosted world economic growth, the growing information technological industry is playing an increasingly outstanding role. The information technological industry is becoming a leading industry in the national economy and a new economic growth point. According to experts' estimate, file current contribution rate of the information technological industry to the world economic growth is 18.2 percent. Its ratio in the growth of the US economy is even higher, standing at one-third. The information technological industry is currently the world, economic sector experiencing rapid development and is creating ever-more wealth, The integration of the traditional economy and the web economy has become the present development trend of the world economy.1.They affirm that the year 2000 has witnessed the most forceful economic growth over the past 13 years.2.The Russian economy.3.18.2%.4.The information technological industry.5.The present development trend of the world economy is the integration of the traditional economy and the web economy.1) 4.2%, 2) 5.2%, 3) 3.5%, 4) 1.9%, 5) 5.6%, 6) 7.1%, 7) 6%Passage III:President Jiang Zemin said on November 16, 2000 that in the development of a "New Economy", it is essential to take advantage of the latest developments in science and technology. He made this address at the eighth informal meeting of leaders of the APEC forum. He explained that the "New Economy" refers to the kind of economy initiated and sustained by new technologies and hi-tech industries. The advancement of technology, led by IT and biotechnology industries, is giving rise to a new industrial revolution, Jiang said.Developing countries are faced with the difficult task of both transforming their traditional industries and developing new industries, Jiang noted, adding that continued expansion of the 'digital divide" has widened the wealth gap between North and South and may trigger new imbalances in the world economy."Against the background of accelerated economic globalization and the dynamic progress of science and technology, we must facilitate cooperation between developed and developing countries on exchanges of human resources,。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说（下）第二版听力全文主编：李玉璞上海外语教育出版社Table of ContentsLESSON ONE Resources and Energy (1)PART A (1)PART B (2)Passage I: (2)Passage II: (3)Part D (4)Lesson Two Crime and Punishment (4)Part A (4)Part B (5)Passage I (5)Passage II (6)Passage III. (7)Part D (8)Lesson Three Computers and the Internet (8)Part A (8)Part B (10)Passage I (10)Passage II (10)Passage III (11)Part D (12)LESSON FOUR Finance (12)PART A (12)Part B (14)Passage I (14)Passage II. Functions of Money (15)Passage III Credit Cards (15)Part D (16)LESSON FIVE Places to See in Britain (16)Part A (16)Part B (17)Passage I: (17)Passage Ⅱ: (18)Part D (19)LESSON SIX Education (19)Part A (19)Part B (21)Passage I SAT Examination (21)PART II Medical Education (21)LESSON SEVEN Business (22)Part A (22)Part B (24)Passage I How to Increase Business Profits (24)Passage Two (25)LESSON EIGHT Aspects of Life (26)Part A (26)Part B (28)PASSAGE I Tax (28)PASSAGE II Religion (29)LESSON NINE College Life (30)PART A (30)PART B (32)PASSAGE I College Search (32)PASSAGE II How to Get a Master's degree (33)LESSON TEN Women (34)PART A (34)PART B (36)PASSAGE I Women in Southern Europe (36)PASSAGE II American Women (37)LESSON ELEVEN Famous People (38)PART A (38)PART B (40)PASSAGE I William Jefferson Clinton (40)PASSAGE II William Shakespeare (41)LESSON TWELVE Culture (43)PART A (43)Part B (44) (44)Passage I Beijing’s HutongsPassage II The White Wedding Dress (46)LESSON THIRTEEN Science and Technology (47)PART B (47)PASSAGE I Cloning Mount Vernon's Trees (47)PASSAGE II Dinosaur Noses (48)LESSON FOURTEEN Sports (49)PART B (49)Passage I The Famous Bicycle Racer (49)PASSAGE II The Williams Sisters (50)LESSON FIFTEEN Reform and Development (51)PART B (51)Passage I (51)Passage II (52)KEYS TO EXERCISESUnit 1 (53)Part A (53)Part B (53)Part D (53)Unit 2 (53)Part A (54)Part B (54)Unit 3 (54)Part A (54)Part B (54)Unit 5 (56)Part A (56)Part B (56)Part C (57)Part D (57)Unit 6 (58)Part A (58)Part B (58)Unit 7 (59)Part A (59)Part B (60)Part D (61)Unit 8 (61)Part A (61)Part B (62)Part D (62)Unit 10 (63)Part A (63)Part B (63)Unit 11 (64)Part A (64)Part B (64)Unit 12 (66)Part A (66)Part B (66)Part D (66)Unit 14 (67)Part A (67)Part B (67)Part D (68)LESSON ONE Resources and EnergyPART A1.W: Could you mail these letters for me, please?M: More letters? Your friends are going to be very happy to hear from you.Q: What does the man imply about the woman?2.W: Does Professor Ford always come to class?M: Is ice cold?Q: What do you learn about Professor Ford?3.W: Would you have some time this week to go over these questions with me?M: How does tomorrow sound?Q: What does the man mean?4.M: Hey? John! John!W: Save your breath. He's out of earshot.Q: What is true about John, according to the woman?5. W: You only have water to serve your guests?M: This isn't just water. This is imported mineral water.Q: What is the implication of the woman?6. M: Could I borrow a twenty to tide me over till payday next Tuesday?W: You are in luck. I just cashed the check.Q: What will the woman probably do next?7. M: Jean, didn't you get my messages? I left two on your answering machine.W: Hmm? Oh, sorry, Tom. I've been meaning to get back in touch with you. It just slipped my mind.Q: Why didn’t the woman return the man’s calls?8. W: I'm sorry, sir, but you're allowed only one piece of luggage on the plane. You'll have to check in one of your suitcases at the package counter.M: Actually, one of these belongs to the woman up ahead. I'm just giving her a hand. Q: Why is the man carrying an extra suitcase?9. W: We need to drive to the city tonight, but the doctor said this medicine might make me drowsy.M: In that case, I'd better drive.Q: What does the man think the woman should do?10. M: Look at all the pollution going into the air from those factories. Do you think they'll ever get under control?W: With the new laws and social awareness, we'll turn things around.Q: What does the woman predict will happen?11. W: Aren't you cold? Why aren't you wearing a jacket?M: I overslept this morning, so I ran out of the house without listening to the forecast.Q: Why isn’t the man wearing a jacket?12. M: prof. Jones, last night when I was putting the finishing touches on my paperthat electrical storm completely wiped out my computer files. Do you think I couldhave another day to retype it?W: I'm sorry, Steven. I’m leaving for a conference tomorrow, and I'll be away for 2 weeks. I suppose you could send it to me there.Q: What will the professor probably allow the student to do?13. W: Do you know if Mary has come by the office this morning?M: I just got here myself, so I'm not the one to ask.Q: What does the woman want to know?14. M: I really enjoyed that TV special about "wealth" last night. Did you get tohome in time to see it?W: Well, yes. But I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the wholething.Q: What does the woman mean?15. W: Take two of these pills three times a day and you shouldn't take them on anempty stomach.M: What if I don't have an appetite?Q: What can be inferred about the man?PART BPassage I:The population of the world has been increasing faster and faster. In 10,000B.C., there were probably 10 million people. In A.D. 1, there were 300 million. Ittook 1750 years for the population to reach 625 million, a little more than double theA.D. 1 figure. In 1990, there were 5.3 billion people. By the year 2000, the world's population was over 6 billion, and by 2050, it is expected to reach 10 billion. Doesthe earth have enough natural resources to support this many people? Different scientists give different answers to this question. Some say that there are enough resources to support more than 6 billion people. However, the richest countries, witha small percentage of the world's population, use most of the resources. If these resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enough for everyone. Other scientists say that we must limit population growth because our resources are limited. Only 10 percent of the earth's land can be used for farming and another 20 percent for raising animals. It is possible to increase the amount of farmland, but only a little. Some land in developing countries could bemore productive if people started using modern farming methods, but this would not increase worldwide production by much, We all know that there is a limited amountof petroleum. There are also limits to the amounts of metals. There is a limit to the amount of water we can use since most of the earth's water is salt water, and most ofthe fresh water is frozen at the North and South Poles. It is difficult to say how manypeople the earth can support, but it will help everyone if we can limit populationgrowth before serious shortages develop. The problem is how to do it.1. Between 1990 and 2000, what changes did the world population have?2. According to some scientists, which of the following is true?3. Why can't most of the earth's water be used?4. In developing countries, what does the use of medern farming methods result in?5. According to the author, what can you infer from the passage?II 1.There were probably 10 million people.2.It is expected to be 10 billion.3.If the resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there wouldbe enoueh for everyone.4.Only 10 percent.5. It is how to limit population growth.Passage II:Fresh water, life itself, has never come easy in the Middle East. Ever since theOld Testament when God punished man with 40 days and 40 nights of rain, watersupplies here have been dwindling. The rainfall only comes in winter and drainsquickly through the semiarid land, leaving the soil to bake and to thirst for nextNovember. The region's accelerating population growth, expanding agriculture, industrialization, and higher living standards demand more fresh water. Drought andpollution limit its availability. War and mismanagement s quander it. Nations likeIsrael and Jordan are swiftly sliding into that zone where they are using all the waterresources available to them. They have only 15 to 20 years left before theiragriculture, and ultimately their food security, is threatened. Even amid the scarcitythere are haves and have-nots. Compared with the United States, which has afreshwater potential of 10,000 cubic meters a year for each citizen. Iraq has 5,500.Turkey has 4,000, and Syria has little more than 2,800. Egypt's potential is only1,100. Israel has 460, and Jordan has less than 260. But these are not firm figures,because upstream use of river water can dramatically alter the potential downstream.Scarcity is only one element of the Middle East’s water crisis. Inefficiency is another, as is the reluctance of some water-poor nations to change priorities from agricultureto less water-intensive enterprises. Some experts suggest that if these nations wouldshare both water technology and resources, they could satisfy the region's population,currently 159 million. But in this patchwork of ethnic and religious rivalries, thewater crisis is not a clear-cut issue. It is entangled in the politics that keep peoplefrom trusting and seeking help from one another. Here, where water, like truth, isprecious, each nation tends to find its own water and supply its own truth.1. When does the rainfall come in the Middle East?2. What is the cause of the water crisis?3. How many years are left for Israel and Jordan before their agriculture isthreatened?4. What is the current population in the Middle East according to the passage?5. According to some experts' suggestion, what should the nations do in order to avoid a water crisis ?II 1) 10,000 2) 5,500 4) More than 2,8003) 4,000 5) Egypt 6) 460 7) Less than 260 Part D1) award, 3) profit, 5) dedication, 7) moment, 9) physical, 11) conflict, 13)worth, 15) heart, 17) compassion, 19) lust,2) glory, 4) trust, 6) significance, 8) anguish, 10) spirit, 12) alone, 14) room, 16) honor, 18) curse, 20) valueLesson Two Crime and PunishmentPart A1.M: Hello?W: Hello. This is Dr. Grey's office. We are calling to remind you of your 4:15 appointment for your annual checkup tomorrow.M: Oh, thanks. It's a good thing you called. I thought it was 4:15 today.Q: Why is the office calling the man?2. W: How wonderful! You won the scholarship. Can you believe it?M: No. It's almost too good to be true.Q: What does the man mean?3. W: Excuse me, Professor Davidson. But I was hoping to talk to you about my class project for economics.M: I have a class in a few minutes. Why don't you come and see me during office hours tomorrow?Q: When will the woman discuss her project with Professor Davidson?4. M: How are you feeling? W: The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped. But it's making me awfully drowsy.Q: What do you learn about the woman?5. M: Bill Smith has volunteered to write a summary of the proposals we've agreed on. W: Will I have a chance to review it?Q: What does the woman want to know?6.M: The view is spectacular. Could you take a picture of me with the mountains in the background?W: I'm afraid I just ran out of film.Q: What problem does the woman have?7. W: Excuse me, we're ready to order now.M: I'll be with you in just a minute.Q: What does the man mean?8. W: I think I forgot my umbrella. Did you notice if it is raining outside?M: Yeah, it is. And I just realized I left my car window open.Q: What will the man probably do next?9. W: How does your daughter like her new school?M: Fine. She seems to have made new friends in no time.Q: What can be inferred about the man's daughter?10. W: There's an article here in this magazine you might find interesting. It's about buying running shoes.M: If it's not chemistry and it's not on the final exam, I can't read it now.Q: What is the man probably doing?11. M: You're washing your car even on vacation. It makes me feel guilty.W: You shouldn’t, it’s just that I have nothing better to do at this moment.Q: What do you think of the woman?12. M: My doctor told me I need to go for some expensive treatments for my injured knee.W: Are you sure? Maybe you need a second opinion.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?13. W: Hello. Could you fit me in for an appointment today? I need a stylist who is good at cutting curly hair.M: Julia is good at that. She is the owner. How about noon?Q: What will the woman probably do?14. W: There's nothing I like more than a good mystery novel when I've got some spare time.M: I like to read, too. But I prefer non-fiction, history, social commentary and stufflike that.Q: What does the man imply?15. M: I'm not an expert, but that noise in your refrigerator doesn't sound good. Maybe you should call and have it checked out.W: You're right. And I suppose I've put it off long enough.Q: What will the woman probably do?Part BPassage IPurse snatching is an increasingly common crime. There are estimated 50 to 100 purse snatchings each month in the New York City subways, the number often swinging widely because of the depredations of a single teenager. When such a professional is in custody, the snatches can decrease by more than 50 a month. One of the favored techniques is to stand between two subway cars and, as a train starts pulling out of the station, reach out and pull free a woman's purse.Recently, a crime analysis officer for the New York Police Department foundthat purse stealing in Manhattan's top restaurants was up 35 percent over the previous year. When a woman puts her purse on an empty chair at a table or at her feet besideher chair, she is inviting a purse snatcher to take it. Purse snatchers often work in pairs. When a target in a restaurant is seen, one of them will create some kind of disturbanceto gain the victim's attention. While the woman is looking away from her table, theactual snatcher will lift the purse. A popular technique is for the thief to carry an umbrella with the curved handle down. The umbrella handle suddenly hooks the bagand in an instant it is on the thief's wrist, or under the coat over his arm if he is a man,and on its way out of the restaurant. Police advise that women in restaurants keeptheir purse either on their laps or on the floor between their legs.Other purse snatchers who operate in theaters are called "seat tippers", victimizing women who put their purses down on a neighboring empty seat. Others specialize in snatching purses from ladies' rooms. When a woman is in a toilet stall,her purse should never be placed on the floor or hung on the coat hook on the door.Thieves simply dive under the door and grab the purse on the floor, or stand on thetoilet in the next stall and reach over and take the purse off the hook. The snatcher has enough time to escape since the victim can't immediately pursue the thief.I. 1. When does the number of purse snatchings decrease most dramatically?2. Where does a purse snatcher like to commit crimes in subway stations?3. When women are in restaurants, where are they advised to put their purses?4. What does a thief often use to snatch purses in restaurants?5. According to this passage, where does purse snatching not usually occur?II. crime analysis officer; take it; purses; in pairs; top restaurants; an empty chair; tosome kind of disturbance; coat hook; snatching never be placed; in the next stall;enough time to escapePassage IIOn the afternoon of July4,1995, Mrs.Beatrice Weinberger brought her one-monthold baby back from an outing. She left the pram outside her house and hurried insideto get the baby a clean nappy. When she returned a few moments later, the pram wasempty and a scrawled note was lying where her baby had been. The note said: "Attention. I badly need money, and can't get it any other way. Don't tell the policeabout this, otherwise I will kill the baby." "Just put $2,000 in small bills in a brownenvelope, and place it next to the road lamp at the corner of Albamarle Rd. at exactly10 o'clock tomorrow (Thursday) morning." "If everything goes smooth, I will bringthe baby back and leave him on the same corner 'safe and happy' at exactly 12 noon.No excuse, I can not wait! Your baby-sitter." Despite the kidnapper's warning, Mrs. Weinbarger contacted the police. A small parcel containing broken pieces of newspaper was placed on the comer the following morning. But the kidnapper did notashow up. He failed to keep two other” appointments" with the Weinbergers, and left second note signed "Your baby-sitter'. By then, the police felt that the baby was nolonger alive. The FBI was called in, and the handwriting experts set to work to try totrack down the kidnapper. In both notes an unusual z-shaped stroke was placed at thefront of the y in words such as "money" and "baby". Starting with the New York StatePolice Office, the experts spent the next six weeks carefully going over local recordsat police offices, factories, hotels, clubs and schools and examining handwriting samples and comparing them with the writing on the kidnapper's notes. Then, in the middle of August, the experts' hard efforts paid off. The handwriting of John Rush Blake matched that of the kidnapper's, especially in the peculiar formation of the y's. Not long after, John Blake was arrested for making illegal alcohol. On being shownthe handwriting samples, he confessed to kidnapping the baby. He told the police that he had left the baby alive and well in a nearby park on the day after the kidnapping. But when officers hurried to the place, all they found was the baby's dead body. The criminal was later put into New York's Sing Sing Prison. Even if John Blake had triedto disguise his handwriting he would still have been caught. No matter how hard someone may try to disguise his handwriting characteristics, the "individuality" of the writer shows through, the very angle at which he or she holds a pen, the way a t is crossed and an i is dotted, the height and size of capital and small letters, the amount of space between words, the use (or misuse) of punctuation marks. All these can identify a person as surely as fingerprints.I. 1. What happened to Mrs. Weinberger on the afternoon of July 4th, 1995?2. According to the message l eft by the kidnapper, on what condition could Mrs. Weinberger have her baby back?3. What did Mrs. Weinberger do after reading the note?4. How did the FBI catch the criminal?5. Which of the following words can best describe people's handwriting characteristics?II. 1. ( T ) When Mrs. Weinberger came back from an outing something terrible happened to her.2. ( T ) Someone kidnapped her baby because he lacked money.3. ( F ) The kidnapper did not confess to die kidnapping of the baby in the face of the handwriting sample.4. ( T ) It was the handwriting expert that broke the case.5. ( F ) At last, the police found the baby and he was safe and happy.Passage III.Timothy McVaigh placed a powerful bomb near a federal government building in Oklahoma City in 1995. The explosion killed 168 people, including 19 children. Arguments are increasing in the United States both for and against the death penalty. The increasing death penalty debate is caused by the planned execution of convicted murderer McVeigh. He is to be the first person executed by the federal government since 1963. 38 states permit the death sentence. Last year 85 people were executed in the United States. Recent public opinion studies show that more than 75 percent of Americans supper McVeigh's execution. These include many Americans who usually oppose the death sentence. Kent Scheidegger is with the Criminal Justice Legal Foundation in Califomia. It is a victim's rights organization that supports the death penalty. Mr. Scheidegger says McVeigh is a perfect example of why there is a needfor a federal death penalty. He says anything less than the death of McVeigh wouldshow a complete lack of justice. Groups opposed to the death penalty say the approval of the execution of McVeigh does not show an increase in general public support for the death penalty. Opinion studies show that support for the death penalty has decreased. S tudies show 77 percent of Americans supported it five years ago, now only about 63 percent do, Opponents of the death penalty have always argued that it was unfair. They say poor people who can not pay for good legal help receive the death penalty more often than others. And they say courts order the death penalty more often when the accused is a member of a racial minority group.Part D1)generous 2)company 3)hospitality 4)reception 5)reputation6)anniversary7)suspicion 8)mutual 9)vastest10)communication 11)commerce 12)contact 13)1975 14)openness 15)potential 16)secure 17)lure 18)astonish 19)reach 20)confidentLesson Three Computers and the InternetPart A1.M: This report is due tomorrow. Would you be able to work on it with me tonight? W: Unfortunately, I have another commitment.Q: What is the woman saying?2. W: I wonder where the books I ordered are. I expected to receive the package several days ago.M: Maybe you'd better check it out with the company. They could be temporarily outof stock.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?3. M: I just have to type this last page and then I'm through.W: By then, I'll be done, too.Q: What can be learned about the woman?4. W: Did you read the editorial in the paper about the mayor's speech?M: I sure did. But I think they twisted the meaning of what he said.Q: What does the man say about the editorial?5. W: Why don't we go to see a movie tonight? A good comedy might cheer you up. M: I would. But the reason that I've been so down is all this work I have to do.Q: What can be inferred about the man?6. W: So, are you going to see the students' play tonight?M: I doubt it. I'm still getting over the flu.Q: What is true about the man?7. M: Gordon needs to find another place to live. The apartment he rents now has been sold to a new owner.W: He'd better start looking right away. When all the students come back in a few weeks, he won't find any near the campus.Q: What does the woman suggest Gordon do?8. W: Mind if I borrow your Spanish workbook?M: Not as long as I have it back in time to take to class this evening.Q: What does the man mean?9. W: You don't believe in diets, do you?M: There is nothing wrong with them per se but they have to be combined with exercise to do any good.Q: What is the man's attitude towards diets ?10. W: I don't know which color folder to use, white or brown.M: What difference does it make? It's the content that's important.Q: What is the implication of the man?11. W: You know, I've heard that Professor Martin's Introduction to Chemistry class is too demanding for first year students. They say it's the most difficult course for graduate students.M: Yeah, but a lot of students will tell you otherwise. Go talk to anyone who has gone to an advanced course, like Organic Chemistry, or who studied chemistry in graduate school. They're really glad they started out with Professor Martin.Q: What does the man imply about Professor Martin?12. W: Hey, Mark. Have you been able to sell your old piano, yet?M: Hmm, you were right. Just posting notices on bulletin boards at a couple of supermarkets w asn't enough. I think I'll have to place an advertisement in the local newspaper.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?13. W: I'm amazed that you still haven't gotten to know your neighbors.M: They tend to keep to themselves.Q: Why hasn't the man gotten to know his neighbors?14. W: Hi! Um, I think something is wrong with the washing machine. It works, and I just did my laundry, but it makes some strange noises. Maybe you should call someone to fix it.M: Oh, don't worry. Someone from the repair shop is already on the way over to take a look at it.Q: What is the implication of the man?15. W: It's so thoughtful of you to offer to drop me off at the train station. Are you sure it's not out of your way?M: Not at all. The station is really close to where I'm going.Q: What can be learned about the man?Part BPassage IThe Application of Computers in Education The best method for improving educational standards is to utilize every tool available, including state-of-the-art technology. Computers and the internet have expanded the way in which information can be delivered to the students of today. Today's networking technologies provide a valuable opportunity to practise new learning techniques. Educators are discovering that computers are facilitating learning. Computer-based communications, or telecommunications, can offer many educational opportunities; therefore, educators will need to adapt current teaching methods to incorporate this new media into the classroom. Computers have made a fundamental impact on most industries, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many businesses. Therefore, schools must also use technology to improve the educational process. School systems often consider purchasing a computer network, and justify its purchase by applying it to routine administrative tasks, such as attendance records and grading. While these tasks are very important, they only show a small part of what technology can do for a school. Technology must go further than simply keeping attendance; it must focus on keeping students interested and productive. Since computers and the Internet have expanded the ways in which education can be delivered to students, it is currently possible to engage i n "distance education" through the Internet. Distance education involves audio and video links between teachers and students in remote areas. Video conferencing allows groups to communicate with each other. Desktop video conferencing promises to bring students together from geographic and cultural distances face to face via computer. Not only will the teacher talk to the students, but the students will be able to interact with each other. This will make students more interested in learning.I. 1. According to the passage, what are educators discovering?2. What do schools usually purchase computer networks for?3. According to the author, what should computers be mainly used for?4. Which of the following is NOT a feature of video conferencing?5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?II. fundamental impact; be essential; improve the educational process; justify its purchase; attendance records; what technology can doPassage IIE-Commerce The Internet, as a means for commerce, did not become reality until the 1990s. Before this time, it was mainly a tool for the army, and a research device for some American universities. Its popularity grew when it proved to be a fast and efficient means to conduct long distance transactions, as well as an effective way。

欧阳学创编新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说(下)第二版听力原文及答案Table of Contents欧阳学创编LESSON 1 Resources and EnergyPART A1.W: Could you mail these letters for me, please?M: More letters? Your friends are going to be very happy to hear from you. Q: What does the man imply about the woman?She is written a lot of letters recently2.W: Does Professor Ford always come to class?M: Is ice cold?Q: What do you learn about Professor Ford?She never misses class3.W: Would you have some time this week to go over these questions with me?M: How does tomorrow sound?Q: What does the man mean?They can work together the next day4.M: Hey? John! John!W: Save your breath. He's out of earshot.Q: What is true about John, according to the woman?John is too far away to hear5. W: You only have water to serve your guests?M: This isn't just water. This is imported mineral water.Q: What is the implication of the woman?The guests don’t want to be served water6. M: Could I borrow a twenty to tide me over till payday next Tuesday? W: You are in luck. I just cashed the check.Q: What will the woman probably do next?Lend the man some money7. M: Jean, didn't you get my messages? I left two on your answering machine.W: Hmm? Oh, sorry, Tom. I've been meaning to get back in touch with you. It just slipped my mind.Q: Why didn’t the woman return the man’s calls?She forgot to call him8. W: I'm sorry, sir, but you're allowed only one piece of luggage on the plane. You'll have to check in one of your suitcases at the package counter. M: Actually, one of these belongs to the woman up ahead. I'm just giving her a hand.Q: Why is the man carrying an extra suitcase?The extra suitcase he is carrying belongs to someone else9. W: We need to drive to the city tonight, but the doctor said this medicine might make me drowsy.M: In that case, I'd better drive.Q: What does the man think the woman should do?Avoid driving after taking her medicine10. M: Look at all the pollution going into the air from those factories. Do you think they'll ever get under control?W: With the new laws and social awareness, we'll turn things around.Q: What does the woman predict will happen?The situation will improve with the new changes11. W: Aren't you cold? Why aren't you wearing a jacket?M: I overslept this morning, so I ran out of the house without listening to the forecast.Q: Why isn’t the man wearing a jacket?He did not know it would be cold12. M: prof. Jones, last night when I was putting the finishing touches on my paper that electrical storm completely wiped out my computer files. Do you think I could have another day to retype it?W: I'm sorry, Steven. I’m leaving for a conference tomorrow, and I'll be away for 2 weeks. I suppose you could send it to me there.Q: What will the professor probably allow the student to do?Mail her the paper after the deadline13. W: Do you know if Mary has come by the office this morning?M: I just got here myself, so I'm not the one to ask.Q: What does the woman want to know?She wants to know if mart has come by this morning14. M: I really enjoyed that TV special about "wealth" last night. Did you get to home in time to see it?W: Well, yes. But I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Q: What does the woman mean?She fell asleep before the program ended15. W: Take two of these pills three times a day and you shouldn't take them on an empty stomach.M: What if I don't have an appetite?Q: What can be inferred about the man?He may not be able to wake upPART BPassage I:The population of the world has been increasing faster and faster. In 10,000 B.C., there were probably 10 million people. In A.D. 1, there were 300 million. It took 1750 years for the population to reach 625 million, a little more than double the A.D. 1 figure. In 1990, there were 5.3 billion people. By the year 2000, the world's population was over 6 billion, and by 2050, it is expected to reach 10 billion. Does the earth have enough natural resources to support this many people? Different scientists give different answers to this question. Some say that there are enough resources to support more than 6 billion people. However, the richest countries, with a small percentage of the world's population, use most of the resources. If these resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enough for everyone. Other scientists say that we must limit populationgrowth because our resources are limited. Only 10 percent of the earth's land can be used for farming and another 20 percent for raising animals. It is possible to increase the amount of farmland, but only a little. Some land in developing countries could be more productive if people started using modern farming methods, but this would not increase worldwide production by much, We all know that there is a limited amount of petroleum. There are also limits to the amounts of metals. There is a limit to the amount of water we can use since most of the earth's water is salt water, and most of the fresh water is frozen at the North and South Poles. It is difficult to say how many people the earth can support, but it will help everyone if we can limit population growth before serious shortages develop. The problem is how to do it.1.Between 1990 and 2000, what changes did the world population have?It had increased by almost a billion2.According to some scientists, which of the following is true?The world’s resources are adequate but not evently distributed3.Why can't most of the earth's water be used?It is mostly salt or frozen at the North and South Poles4.In developing countries, what does the use of medern farming methodsresult in?5. According to the author, what can you infer from the passage?II 1.There were probably 10 million people.2.It is expected to be 10 billion.3.If the resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enoueh for everyone.4.Only 10 percent.5. It is how to limit population growth.Passage II:Fresh water, life itself, has never come easy in the Middle East. Ever since the Old Testament when God punished man with 40 days and 40 nights of rain, water supplies here have been dwindling. The rainfall only comes in winter and drains quickly through the semiarid land, leaving the soil to bake and to thirst for next November. The region's accelerating population growth, expanding agriculture, industrialization, and higher living standards demand more fresh water. Drought and pollution limit its availability. War and mismanagement squander it. Nations like Israel and Jordan are swiftly sliding into that zone where they are using all the water resources available to them. They have only 15 to 20 years left before their agriculture, and ultimately their food security, is threatened. Even amid the scarcity there are haves and have-nots. Compared with the United States, which has a freshwater potential of 10,000 cubic meters a year for each citizen. Iraq has 5,500. Turkey has 4,000, and Syria has little more than 2,800. Egypt's potential is only 1,100. Israel has 460, and Jordan has less than 260. But these are not firm figures, because upstream use of river water can dramatically alter the potential downstream. Scarcity is only one element of the Middle East’s water crisis. Inefficiency is another, as is the reluctance of some water-poor nations to change priorities from agriculture to less water-intensive enterprises. Some experts suggest that if these nations would share both water technology and resources, they could satisfy the region's population, currently 159 million. But in this patchwork of ethnic and religious rivalries, the water crisis is not a clear-cut issue. It is entangled in the politics that keep people from trusting and seeking help from one another. Here, where water, like truth, is precious, each nation tends to find its own water and supply its own truth.1. When does the rainfall come in the Middle East?2. What is the cause of the water crisis?3. How many years are left for Israel and Jordan before their agriculture is threatened?4. What is the current population in the Middle East according to the passage?5. According to some experts' suggestion, what should the nations do in order to avoid a water crisis ?II 1) 10,000 2) 5,500 4) More than 2,8003) 4,000 5) Egypt6) 460 7) Less than 260Part D1) award, 3) profit, 5) dedication, 7) moment, 9) physical, 11) conflict, 13)worth, 15) heart, 17) compassion, 19) lust,2) glory, 4) trust, 6) significance, 8) anguish, 10) spirit, 12) alone, 14) room, 16) honor, 18) curse, 20) valueLESSON2Crime and PunishmentPart A1.M: Hello?W: Hello. This is Dr. Grey's office. We are calling to remind you of your 4:15 appointment for your annual checkup tomorrow.M: Oh, thanks. It's a good thing you called. I thought it was 4:15 today.Q: Why is the office calling the man?2. W: How wonderful! You won the scholarship. Can you believe it?M: No. It's almost too good to be true.Q: What does the man mean?3. W: Excuse me, Professor Davidson. But I was hoping to talk to you about my class project for economics.M: I have a class in a few minutes. Why don't you come and see me during office hours tomorrow?Q: When will the woman discuss her project with Professor Davidson?4. M: How are you feeling? W: The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped. But it's making me awfully drowsy.Q: What do you learn about the woman?5. M: Bill Smith has volunteered to write a summary of the proposals we've agreed on. W: Will I have a chance to review it?Q: What does the woman want to know?6.M: The view is spectacular. Could you take a picture of me with the mountains in the background?W: I'm afraid I just ran out of film.Q: What problem does the woman have?7. W: Excuse me, we're ready to order now.M: I'll be with you in just a minute.Q: What does the man mean?8. W: I think I forgot my umbrella. Did you notice if it is raining outside?M: Yeah, it is. And I just realized I left my car window open.Q: What will the man probably do next?9. W: How does your daughter like her new school?M: Fine. She seems to have made new friends in no time.Q: What can be inferred about the man's daughter?10. W: There's an article here in this magazine you might find interesting. It's about buying running shoes.M: If it's not chemistry and it's not on the final exam, I can't read it now.Q: What is the man probably doing?11. M: You're washing your car even on vacation. It makes me feel guilty. W: You shouldn’t, it’s just that I have nothing better to do at this moment.Q: What do you think of the woman?12. M: My doctor told me I need to go for some expensive treatments for my injured knee.W: Are you sure? Maybe you need a second opinion.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?13. W: Hello. Could you fit me in for an appointment today? I need a stylist who is good at cutting curly hair.M: Julia is good at that. She is the owner. How about noon?Q: What will the woman probably do?14. W: There's nothing I like more than a good mystery novel when I've got some spare time.M: I like to read, too. But I prefer non-fiction, history, social commentary and stuff like that.Q: What does the man imply?15. M: I'm not an expert, but that noise in your refrigerator doesn't sound good. Maybe you should call and have it checked out.W: You're right. And I suppose I've put it off long enough.Q: What will the woman probably do?Part BPassage IPurse snatching is an increasingly common crime. There are estimated 50 to 100 purse snatchings each month in the New York City subways, the number often swinging widely because of the depredations of a single teenager. When such a professional is in custody, the snatches can decrease by more than 50 a month. One of the favored techniques is to stand between two subway cars and, as a train starts pulling out of the station, reach out and pull free a woman's purse.Recently, a crime analysis officer for the New York Police Department found that purse stealing in Manhattan's top restaurants was up 35 percent over the previous year. When a woman puts her purse on an empty chair at a table or at her feet beside her chair, she is inviting a purse snatcher to take it. Purse snatchers often work in pairs. When a target in a restaurant is seen, one of them will create some kind of disturbance to gain the victim's attention. While the woman is looking away from her table, the actual snatcher will lift the purse. A popular technique is for the thief to carry an umbrella with the curved handle down. The umbrella handle suddenly hooks the bag and in an instant it is on the thief's wrist, or under the coat over his arm if he is a man, and on its way out of the restaurant. Police advise that women in restaurants keep their purse either on their laps or on the floor between their legs.Other purse snatchers who operate in theaters are called "seat tippers", victimizing women who put their purses down on a neighboring empty seat. Others specialize in snatching purses from ladies' rooms. When a woman is in a toilet stall, her purse should never be placed on the floor or hung on the coat hook on the door. Thieves simply dive under the door and grab the purse on the floor, or stand on the toilet in the next stall and reach over and take the purse off the hook. The snatcher has enough time to escape since the victim can't immediately pursue the thief.I. 1. When does the number of purse snatchings decrease most dramatically?2. Where does a purse snatcher like to commit crimes in subway stations?3. When women are in restaurants, where are they advised to put their purses?4. What does a thief often use to snatch purses in restaurants?5. According to this passage, where does purse snatching not usually occur? II. crime analysis officer; take it; purses; in pairs; top restaurants; an empty chair; to some kind of disturbance; coat hook; snatching never be placed; in the next stall; enough time to escapePassage IIOn the afternoon of July4,1995, Mrs.Beatrice Weinberger brought her one-month old baby back from an outing. She left the pram outside her house and hurried inside to get the baby a clean nappy. When she returned a few moments later, the pram was empty and a scrawled note was lying where her baby had been. The note said: "Attention. I badly need money, and can't get it any other way. Don't tell the police about this, otherwise I will kill the baby." "Just put $2,000 in small bills in a brown envelope, and place it next to the road lamp at the corner of Albamarle Rd. at exactly 10 o'clock tomorrow (Thursday) morning." "If everything goes smooth, I will bring the baby back and leave him on the same corner 'safe and happy' at exactly 12 noon. No excuse, I can not wait! Your baby-sitter." Despite the kidnapper's warning, Mrs. Weinbarger contacted the police. A small parcel containing broken pieces of newspaper was placed on the comer the following morning. But the kidnapper did not show up. He failed to keep two other” appointments" with the Weinbergers, and left a second note signed "Your baby-sitter'. By then, the police felt that the baby was no longer alive. The FBI was called in, and the handwriting experts set to work to try to track down the kidnapper. In both notes an unusual z-shaped stroke was placed at the front of the y in words suchas "money" and "baby". Starting with the New York State Police Office, the experts spent the next six weeks carefully going over local records at police offices, factories, hotels, clubs and schools and examining handwriting samples and comparing them with the writing on the kidnapper's notes. Then, in the middle of August, the experts' hard efforts paid off. The handwriting of John Rush Blake matched that of the kidnapper's, especially in the peculiar formation of the y's. Not long after, John Blake was arrested for making illegal alcohol. On being shown the handwriting samples, he confessed to kidnapping the baby. He told the police that he had left the baby alive and well in a nearby park on the day after the kidnapping. But when officers hurried to the place, all they found was the baby's dead body. The criminal was later put into New York's Sing Sing Prison. Even if John Blake had tried to disguise his handwriting he would still have been caught. No matter how hard someone may try to disguise his handwriting characteristics, the "individuality" of the writer shows through, the very angle at which he or she holds a pen, the way a t is crossed and an i is dotted, the height and size of capital and small letters, the amount of space between words, the use (or misuse) of punctuation marks. All these can identify a person as surely as fingerprints.I. 1. What happened to Mrs. Weinberger on the afternoon of July 4th, 1995?2. According to the message left by the kidnapper, on what condition could Mrs. Weinberger have her baby back?3. What did Mrs. Weinberger do after reading the note?4. How did the FBI catch the criminal?5. Which of the following words can best describe people's handwriting characteristics?II. 1. ( T ) When Mrs. Weinberger came back from an outing something terrible happened to her.2. ( T ) Someone kidnapped her baby because he lacked money.3. ( F ) The kidnapper did not confess to die kidnapping of the baby in the face of the handwriting sample.4. ( T ) It was the handwriting expert that broke the case.5. ( F ) At last, the police found the baby and he was safe and happy. Passage III.Timothy McVaigh placed a powerful bomb near a federal government building in Oklahoma City in 1995. The explosion killed 168 people, including 19 children. Arguments are increasing in the United States both for and against the death penalty. The increasing death penalty debate is caused by the planned execution of convicted murderer McVeigh. He is to be the first person executed by the federal government since 1963. 38 states permit the death sentence. Last year 85 people were executed in the United States. Recent public opinion studies show that more than 75 percent of Americans supper McVeigh's execution. These include many Americans who usually oppose the death sentence. Kent Scheidegger is with the Criminal Justice Legal Foundation in Califomia. It is a victim's rights organization that supports the death penalty. Mr. Scheidegger says McVeigh is a perfect example of why there is a need for a federal death penalty. He says anything less than the death of McVeigh would show a complete lack of justice. Groups opposed to thedeath penalty say the approval of the execution of McVeigh does not show an increase in general public support for the death penalty. Opinion studies show that support for the death penalty has decreased. Studies show 77 percent of Americans supported it five years ago, now only about 63 percent do, Opponents of the death penalty have always argued that it was unfair. They say poor people who can not pay for good legal help receive the death penalty more often than others. And they say courts order the death penalty more often when the accused is a member of a racial minority group.Part D1)generous 2)company 3)hospitality 4)reception 5)reputation6)anniversary7)suspicion8)mutual 9)vastest10)communication 11)commerce 12)contact 13)1975 14)openness 15)potential 16)secure 17)lure 18)astonish 19)reach 20)confidentLESSON3Computers and the Internet Part A1.M: This report is due tomorrow. Would you be able to work on it with me tonight?W: Unfortunately, I have another commitment.Q: What is the woman saying?2. W: I wonder where the books I ordered are. I expected to receive the package several days ago.M: Maybe you'd better check it out with the company. They could be temporarily out of stock.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?3. M: I just have to type this last page and then I'm through.W: By then, I'll be done, too.Q: What can be learned about the woman?4. W: Did you read the editorial in the paper about the mayor's speech?M: I sure did. But I think they twisted the meaning of what he said.Q: What does the man say about the editorial?5. W: Why don't we go to see a movie tonight? A good comedy might cheer you up.M: I would. But the reason that I've been so down is all this work I have to do. Q: What can be inferred about the man?6. W: So, are you going to see the students' play tonight?M: I doubt it. I'm still getting over the flu.Q: What is true about the man?7. M: Gordon needs to find another place to live. The apartment he rents now has been sold to a new owner.W: He'd better start looking right away. When all the students come back in a few weeks, he won't find any near the campus.Q: What does the woman suggest Gordon do?8. W: Mind if I borrow your Spanish workbook?M: Not as long as I have it back in time to take to class this evening.Q: What does the man mean?9. W: You don't believe in diets, do you?M: There is nothing wrong with them per se but they have to be combined with exercise to do any good.Q: What is the man's attitude towards diets ?10. W: I don't know which color folder to use, white or brown.M: What difference does it make? It's the content that's important.Q: What is the implication of the man?11. W: You know, I've heard that Professor Martin's Introduction to Chemistry class is too demanding for first year students. They say it's the most difficult course for graduate students.M: Yeah, but a lot of students will tell you otherwise. Go talk to anyone who has gone to an advanced course, like Organic Chemistry, or who studied chemistry in graduate school. They're really glad they started out with Professor Martin.Q: What does the man imply about Professor Martin?12. W: Hey, Mark. Have you been able to sell your old piano, yet?M: Hmm, you were right. Just posting notices on bulletin boards at a couple of supermarkets wasn't enough. I think I'll have to place an advertisement in the local newspaper.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?13. W: I'm amazed that you still haven't gotten to know your neighbors.M: They tend to keep to themselves.Q: Why hasn't the man gotten to know his neighbors?14. W: Hi! Um, I think something is wrong with the washing machine. It works, and I just did my laundry, but it makes some strange noises. Maybe you should call someone to fix it.M: Oh, don't worry. Someone from the repair shop is already on the way over to take a look at it.Q: What is the implication of the man?15. W: It's so thoughtful of you to offer to drop me off at the train station. Are you sure it's not out of your way?M: Not at all. The station is really close to where I'm going.Q: What can be learned about the man?Part BPassage IThe Application of Computers in Education The best method for improving educational standards is to utilize every tool available, including state-of-the-art technology. Computers and the internet have expanded the way in which information can be delivered to the students of today. Today's networking technologies provide a valuable opportunity to practise new learning techniques. Educators are discovering that computers are facilitating learning. Computer-based communications, or telecommunications, can offer many educational opportunities; therefore, educators will need to adapt currentteaching methods to incorporate this new media into the classroom. Computers have made a fundamental impact on most industries, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many businesses. Therefore, schools must also use technology to improve the educational process. School systems often consider purchasing a computer network, and justify its purchase by applying it to routine administrative tasks, such as attendance records and grading. While these tasks are very important, they only show a small part of what technology can do for a school. Technology must go further than simply keeping attendance; it must focus on keeping students interested and productive. Since computers and the Internet have expanded the ways in which education can be delivered to students, it is currently possible to engage in "distance education" through the Internet. Distance education involves audio and video links between teachers and students in remote areas. Video conferencing allows groups to communicate with each other. Desktop video conferencing promises to bring students together from geographic and cultural distances face to face via computer. Not only will the teacher talk to the students, but the students will be able to interact with each other. This will make students more interested in learning.I. 1. According to the passage, what are educators discovering?2. What do schools usually purchase computer networks for?3. According to the author, what should computers be mainly used for?4. Which of the following is NOT a feature of video conferencing?5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?II. fundamental impact; be essential; improve the educational process; justify its purchase; attendance records; what technology can doPassage IIE-Commerce The Internet, as a means for commerce, did not become reality until the 1990s. Before this time, it was mainly a tool for the army, and a research device for some American universities. Its popularity grew when it proved to be a fast and efficient means to conduct long distance transactions, as well as an effective way to distribute information. The first advantage that e-commerce possesses is speed. With increased speeds of communication, the delivery time is expedited and that makes the whole transaction from start to finish more efficient. Also, you can find practically any product available for sale on the Internet. Even more significant is the fact that information appearing on the Internet can be changed rapidly. This gives business owners the ability to inform customers of any changes to the service that they are offering. The second advantage of electronic commerce is the opportunity it offers to save on costs. By using the Internet, marketing, distribution, personnel, phone, postage and printing costs, among many others, can be reduced. You can start doing business in cyberspace for as little as $100. The savings, therefore, are tremendous. These funds can then be diverted to marketing and advertising your product or service. Cyberspace knows no national boundaries. That means you can do business all over the world as easily as you can in your own neighborhood. Since the Internet connects everyone in cyberspace, information is transmitted at the speed of sound or the speed of light, depending on your connection. Either way, distance becomesmeaningless, which enables you to link to nearly anyone on the globe, and anyone on the globe can link to you. The ability to establish links makes doing business on the Internet attractive to customers in any part of the world. A potential source of trouble is customer concerns with privacy and security. Anything sent over the Internet is sent through several different computers before it reaches its final destination. The concern regarding Internet security and privacy is that unscrupulous hackers can capture credit card or check account data as it is transferred or break into computers that hold the same information. Making a customer feel safe is important when doing business on the Internet. Even though no one can guarantee 100% security when transferring financial information over the Internet, e-commerce is still safer than using credit cards at an actual store or restaurant, or paying for something with the use of a 1-800 number."I. l. Before being used for commerce, what was the Internet mainly used for?2. Which one of the following is NOT a factor that can make transactions more efficient on the Internet?3. Why does distance become meaningless in e-commerce?4. What do customers worry about in e-commerce?5. What is the main idea of this passage?II. source; privacy; security; destination; credit card; transferred; feel safe; guarantee; safer than; paying forPassageIIIComputerized SystemsIt was pointed out by a computer wag that a computerized system consists of three subsystems: hardware, software, and jellyware. Hardware is the computer itself -- the collection of slightly impure chunks of silicon dioxide and other metal oxides that sometimes conduct electricity and sometimes don't, but never conduct it very well. Basically, hardware is mostly sand with some metal and some organic plastic material to hold it together. Software consists of the instructions necessary in order for the hardware to do things. The instructions are nothing more than signals indicating that certain pieces of hardware are to turn themselves on or off in specific sequences at specific times in specific areas of the hardware. The basic instructions are written or given in binary terms -- on or off-- and other software elements translate this to and from the more complex language used by the next element in the system. Jellyware is the human being who tells the hardware what to do, who gives the hardware its data, who utilizes the output of the hardware, who writes the software, and who uses the output of the software. Jellyware itself is a computer consisting of hardware and software. Jellyware is mostly water with specific and small amounts of impurities in certain locations. The jellyware's software is mostly preprogrammed with some RAM that is inputted as a result of experience. Hardware and jellyware differ only in the fact that hardware is made up of crystalline structures while jellyware consists of colloidal structures. The jellyware's operating systems appear to function in the parallel mode while those of the hardware operate in a series mode. However, the output of jellyware is one-channel sequential and series in form. Like hardware, jellyware can do only one thing at a time.。

欧阳化创编 2021..02.12新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说(下)第二版听力原文及答案Table of Contents欧阳化创编 2021..02.12LESSON 1 Resources and EnergyPART A1.W: Could you mail these letters for me, please?M: More letters? Your friends are going to be very happy to hear from you.Q: What does the man imply about the woman?She is written a lot of letters recently2.W: Does Professor Ford always come to class?M: Is ice cold?Q: What do you learn about Professor Ford?She never misses class3.W: Would you have some time this week to go over these questions with me?M: How does tomorrow sound?Q: What does the man mean?They can work together the next day4.M: Hey? John! John!W: Save your breath. He's out of earshot.Q: What is true about John, according to the woman?John is too far away to hear5. W: You only have water to serve your guests?M: This isn't just water. This is imported mineral water.Q: What is the implication of the woman?The guests don’t want to be served water6. M: Could I borrow a twenty to tide me over till payday next Tuesday?W: You are in luck. I just cashed the check.Q: What will the woman probably do next?Lend the man some money7. M: Jean, didn't you get my messages? I left two on your answering machine.W: Hmm? Oh, sorry, Tom. I've been meaning to get back in touch with you. It just slipped my mind.Q: Why didn’t the woman return the man’s calls?She forgot to call him8. W: I'm sorry, sir, but you're allowed only one piece of luggage on the plane. You'll have to check in one of your suitcases at the package counter.M: Actually, one of these belongs to the woman up ahead. I'm just giving her a hand. Q: Why is the man carrying an extra suitcase?The extra suitcase he is carrying belongs to someone else9. W: We need to drive to the city tonight, but the doctor said this medicine might make me drowsy.M: In that case, I'd better drive.Q: What does the man think the woman should do?Avoid driving after taking her medicine10. M: Look at all the pollution going into the air from those factories. Do you think they'll ever get under control?W: With the new laws and social awareness, we'll turn things around.Q: What does the woman predict will happen?The situation will improve with the new changes11. W: Aren't you cold? Why aren't you wearing a jacket?M: I overslept this morning, so I ran out of the house without listening to the forecast.Q: Why isn’t the man wearing a jacket?He did not know it would be cold12. M: prof. Jones, last night when I was putting the finishing touches on my paper that electrical storm completely wiped out my computer files. Do you think I could have another day to retype it?W: I'm sorry, Steven. I’m leaving for a conference tomorrow, and I'll be away for 2 weeks. I suppose you could send it to me there.Q: What will the professor probably allow the student to do?Mail her the paper after the deadline13. W: Do you know if Mary has come by the office this morning?M: I just got here myself, so I'm not the one to ask.Q: What does the woman want to know?She wants to know if mart has come by this morning14. M: I really enjoyed that TV special about "wealth" last night. Did you get to home in time to see it?W: Well, yes. But I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Q: What does the woman mean?She fell asleep before the program ended15. W: Take two of these pills three times a day and you shouldn't take them on an empty stomach.M: What if I don't have an appetite?Q: What can be inferred about the man?He may not be able to wake upPART BPassage I:The population of the world has been increasing faster and faster. In 10,000 B.C., there were probably 10 million people. In A.D. 1, there were 300 million. It took 1750 years for the population to reach 625 million, a little more than double the A.D. 1 figure. In 1990, there were 5.3 billion people. By the year 2000, the world's population was over 6 billion, and by 2050, it is expected to reach 10 billion. Does the earth have enough natural resources to support this many people? Different scientists give different answers to this question. Some say that there are enough resources to support more than 6 billion people. However, the richest countries, with a small percentage of the world's population, use most of the resources. If these resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enough for everyone. Other scientists say that we must limit population growth because our resources are limited. Only 10 percent of the earth's land can be used for farming and another 20 percent for raising animals. It is possible to increase the amount of farmland, but only a little. Some land in developing countries could be more productive if people started using modern farming methods, but this would not increase worldwide production by much, We all know that there is a limited amount of petroleum. There are also limits to the amounts of metals. There is a limit to the amount of water we can use since most of the earth's water is salt water, and most ofthe fresh water is frozen at the North and South Poles. It is difficult to say how many people the earth can support, but it will help everyone if we can limit population growth before serious shortages develop. The problem is how to do it.1.Between 1990 and 2000, what changes did the world population have?It had increased by almost a billion2.According to some scientists, which of the following is true?The world’s resources are adequate but not evently distributed3.Why can't most of the earth's water be used?It is mostly salt or frozen at the North and South Poles4.In developing countries, what does the use of medern farming methods result in?5. According to the author, what can you infer from the passage?II 1.There were probably 10 million people.2.It is expected to be 10 billion.3.If the resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enoueh for everyone.4.Only 10 percent.5. It is how to limit population growth.Passage II:Fresh water, life itself, has never come easy in the Middle East. Ever since the Old Testament when God punished man with 40 days and 40 nights of rain, water supplies here have been dwindling. The rainfall only comes in winter and drains quickly through the semiarid land, leaving the soil to bake and to thirst for next November. The region's accelerating population growth, expanding agriculture, industrialization, and higher living standards demand more fresh water. Drought and pollution limit its availability. War and mismanagement squander it. Nations like Israel and Jordan are swiftly sliding into that zone where they are using all the water resources available to them. They have only 15 to 20 years left before their agriculture, and ultimately their food security, is threatened. Even amid the scarcity there are haves and have-nots. Compared with the United States, which has a freshwater potential of 10,000 cubic meters a year for each citizen. Iraq has 5,500. Turkey has 4,000, and Syria has little more than 2,800. Egypt's potential is only 1,100. Israel has 460, and Jordan has less than 260. But these are not firm figures, because upstream use of river water can dramatically alter the potential downstream. Scarcity is only one element of the Middle East’s water crisis. Inefficiency is another, as is the reluctance of some water-poor nations to change priorities from agriculture to less water-intensive enterprises. Some experts suggest that if these nations would share both water technology and resources, they could satisfy the region's population, currently 159 million. But in this patchwork of ethnic and religious rivalries, the water crisis is not a clear-cut issue. It is entangled in the politics that keep people from trusting and seeking help from one another. Here, where water, like truth, is precious, each nation tends to find its own water and supply its own truth.1. When does the rainfall come in the Middle East?2. What is the cause of the water crisis?3. How many years are left for Israel and Jordan before their agriculture is threatened?4. What is the current population in the Middle East according to the passage?5. According to some experts' suggestion, what should the nations do in order to avoid a water crisis ?II 1) 10,000 2) 5,500 4) More than 2,8003) 4,000 5) Egypt6) 460 7) Less than 260 Part D1) award, 3) profit, 5) dedication, 7) moment, 9) physical, 11) conflict, 13)worth, 15) heart, 17) compassion, 19) lust,2) glory, 4) trust, 6) significance, 8) anguish, 10) spirit, 12) alone, 14) room, 16) honor, 18) curse, 20) valueLESSON2Crime and PunishmentPart A1.M: Hello?W: Hello. This is Dr. Grey's office. We are calling to remind you of your 4:15 appointment for your annual checkup tomorrow.M: Oh, thanks. It's a good thing you called. I thought it was 4:15 today.Q: Why is the office calling the man?2. W: How wonderful! You won the scholarship. Can you believe it?M: No. It's almost too good to be true.Q: What does the man mean?3. W: Excuse me, Professor Davidson. But I was hoping to talk to you about my class project for economics.M: I have a class in a few minutes. Why don't you come and see me during office hours tomorrow?Q: When will the woman discuss her project with Professor Davidson?4. M: How are you feeling? W: The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped. But it's making me awfully drowsy.Q: What do you learn about the woman?5. M: Bill Smith has volunteered to write a summary of the proposals we've agreed on. W: Will I have a chance to review it?Q: What does the woman want to know?6.M: The view is spectacular. Could you take a picture of me with the mountains in the background?W: I'm afraid I just ran out of film.Q: What problem does the woman have?7. W: Excuse me, we're ready to order now.M: I'll be with you in just a minute.Q: What does the man mean?8. W: I think I forgot my umbrella. Did you notice if it is raining outside?M: Yeah, it is. And I just realized I left my car window open.Q: What will the man probably do next?9. W: How does your daughter like her new school?M: Fine. She seems to have made new friends in no time.Q: What can be inferred about the man's daughter?10. W: There's an article here in this magazine you might find interesting. It's about buying running shoes.M: If it's not chemistry and it's not on the final exam, I can't read it now.Q: What is the man probably doing?11. M: You're washing your car even on vacation. It makes me feel guilty.W: You shouldn’t, it’s just that I have nothing better to do at this moment.Q: What do you think of the woman?12. M: My doctor told me I need to go for some expensive treatments for my injured knee.W: Are you sure? Maybe you need a second opinion.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?13. W: Hello. Could you fit me in for an appointment today? I need a stylist who is good at cutting curly hair.M: Julia is good at that. She is the owner. How about noon?Q: What will the woman probably do?14. W: There's nothing I like more than a good mystery novel when I've got some spare time.M: I like to read, too. But I prefer non-fiction, history, social commentary and stuff like that.Q: What does the man imply?15. M: I'm not an expert, but that noise in your refrigerator doesn't sound good. Maybe you should call and have it checked out.W: You're right. And I suppose I've put it off long enough.Q: What will the woman probably do?Part BPassage IPurse snatching is an increasingly common crime. There are estimated 50 to 100 purse snatchings each month in the New York City subways, the number often swinging widely because of the depredations of a single teenager. When such a professional is in custody, the snatches can decrease by more than 50 a month. One of the favored techniques is to stand between two subway cars and, as a train starts pulling out of the station, reach out and pull free a woman's purse.Recently, a crime analysis officer for the New York Police Department found that purse stealing in Manhattan's top restaurants was up 35 percent over the previous year. When a woman puts her purse on an empty chair at a table or at her feet beside her chair, she is inviting a purse snatcher to take it. Purse snatchers often work in pairs. When a target in a restaurant is seen, one of them will create some kind of disturbance to gain the victim's attention. While the woman is looking away from her table, the actual snatcher will lift the purse. A popular technique is for the thief to carry an umbrella with the curved handle down. The umbrella handle suddenly hooks the bag and in an instant it is on the thief's wrist, or under the coat over his arm if he is a man, and on its way out of the restaurant. Police advise that women in restaurants keep their purse either on their laps or on the floor between their legs.Other purse snatchers who operate in theaters are called "seat tippers", victimizing women who put their purses down on a neighboring empty seat. Others specialize in snatching purses from ladies' rooms. When a woman is in a toilet stall, her purse should never be placed on the floor or hung on the coat hook on the door. Thieves simply dive under the door and grab the purse on the floor, or stand on the toilet in the next stall and reach over and take the purse off the hook. The snatcher has enough time to escape since the victim can't immediately pursue the thief.I. 1. When does the number of purse snatchings decrease most dramatically?2. Where does a purse snatcher like to commit crimes in subway stations?3. When women are in restaurants, where are they advised to put their purses?4. What does a thief often use to snatch purses in restaurants?5. According to this passage, where does purse snatching not usually occur?II. crime analysis officer; take it; purses; in pairs; top restaurants; an empty chair; to some kind of disturbance; coat hook; snatching never be placed; in the next stall; enough time to escapePassage IIOn the afternoon of July4,1995, Mrs.Beatrice Weinberger brought her one-month old baby back from an outing. She left the pram outside her house and hurried inside to get the baby a clean nappy. When she returned a few moments later, the pram was empty and a scrawled note was lying where her baby had been. The note said: "Attention. I badly need money, and can't get it any other way. Don't tell the police about this, otherwise I will kill the baby." "Just put $2,000 in small bills in a brown envelope, and place it next to the road lamp at the corner of Albamarle Rd. at exactly 10 o'clock tomorrow (Thursday) morning." "If everything goes smooth, I will bring the baby back and leave him on the same corner 'safe and happy' at exactly 12 noon. No excuse, I can not wait! Your baby-sitter." Despite the kidnapper's warning, Mrs. Weinbarger contacted the police. A small parcel containing broken pieces of newspaper was placed on the comer the following morning. But the kidnapper did not show up. He failed to keep two other” appointments" with the Weinbergers, and left a second note signed "Your baby-sitter'. By then, the police felt that the baby was no longer alive. The FBI was called in, and the handwriting experts set to work to try to track down the kidnapper. In both notes an unusual z-shaped stroke was placed at the front of the y in words such as "money" and "baby". Starting with the New York State Police Office, the experts spent the next six weeks carefully going over local records at police offices, factories, hotels, clubs and schools and examining handwriting samples and comparing them with the writing on the kidnapper's notes. Then, in the middle of August, the experts' hard efforts paid off. The handwriting of John Rush Blake matched that of the kidnapper's, especially in the peculiar formation of the y's. Not long after, John Blake was arrested for making illegal alcohol. On being shown the handwriting samples, he confessed to kidnapping the baby. He told the police that he had left the baby alive and well in a nearby park on the day after the kidnapping. But when officers hurried to the place, all they found was the baby's dead body. The criminal was later put into New York's Sing Sing Prison. Even if John Blake had tried to disguise his handwriting he would still have been caught. No matter how hard someone may try to disguise his handwriting characteristics, the "individuality" of the writer shows through, the very angle at which he or she holds a pen, the way a t is crossed and an i is dotted, the height and size of capital and small letters, the amount of space between words, the use (or misuse) of punctuation marks. All these can identify a person as surely as fingerprints.I. 1. What happened to Mrs. Weinberger on the afternoon of July 4th, 1995?2. According to the message left by the kidnapper, on what condition could Mrs. Weinberger have her baby back?3. What did Mrs. Weinberger do after reading the note?4. How did the FBI catch the criminal?5. Which of the following words can best describe people's handwriting characteristics?II. 1. ( T ) When Mrs. Weinberger came back from an outing something terrible happened to her.2. ( T ) Someone kidnapped her baby because he lacked money.3. ( F ) The kidnapper did not confess to die kidnapping of the baby in the face of the handwriting sample.4. ( T ) It was the handwriting expert that broke the case.5. ( F ) At last, the police found the baby and he was safe and happy.Passage III.Timothy McVaigh placed a powerful bomb near a federal government building in Oklahoma City in 1995. The explosion killed 168 people, including 19 children. Arguments are increasing in the United States both for and against the death penalty. The increasing death penalty debate is caused by the planned execution of convicted murderer McVeigh. He is to be the first person executed by the federal government since 1963. 38 states permit the death sentence. Last year 85 people were executed in the United States. Recent public opinion studies show that more than 75 percent of Americans supper McVeigh's execution. These include many Americans who usually oppose the death sentence. Kent Scheidegger is with the Criminal Justice Legal Foundation in Califomia. It is a victim's rights organization that supports the death penalty. Mr. Scheidegger says McVeigh is a perfect example of why there is a need for a federal death penalty. He says anything less than the death of McVeigh would show a complete lack of justice. Groups opposed to the death penalty say the approval of the execution of McVeigh does not show an increase in general public support for the death penalty. Opinion studies show that support for the death penalty has decreased. Studies show 77 percent of Americans supported it five years ago, now only about 63 percent do, Opponents of the death penalty have always argued that it was unfair. They say poor people who can not pay for good legal help receive the death penalty more often than others. And they say courts order the death penalty more often when the accused is a member of a racial minority group.Part D1)generous 2)company 3)hospitality 4)reception 5)reputation6)anniversary7)suspicion8)mutual 9)vastest10)communication 11)commerce 12)contact 13)1975 14)openness 15)potential 16)secure 17)lure 18)astonish 19)reach 20)confidentLESSON3Computers and the InternetPart A1.M: This report is due tomorrow. Would you be able to work on it with me tonight? W: Unfortunately, I have another commitment.Q: What is the woman saying?2. W: I wonder where the books I ordered are. I expected to receive the package several days ago.M: Maybe you'd better check it out with the company. They could be temporarily outof stock.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?3. M: I just have to type this last page and then I'm through.W: By then, I'll be done, too.Q: What can be learned about the woman?4. W: Did you read the editorial in the paper about the mayor's speech?M: I sure did. But I think they twisted the meaning of what he said.Q: What does the man say about the editorial?5. W: Why don't we go to see a movie tonight? A good comedy might cheer you up. M: I would. But the reason that I've been so down is all this work I have to do.Q: What can be inferred about the man?6. W: So, are you going to see the students' play tonight?M: I doubt it. I'm still getting over the flu.Q: What is true about the man?7. M: Gordon needs to find another place to live. The apartment he rents now has been sold to a new owner.W: He'd better start looking right away. When all the students come back in a few weeks, he won't find any near the campus.Q: What does the woman suggest Gordon do?8. W: Mind if I borrow your Spanish workbook?M: Not as long as I have it back in time to take to class this evening.Q: What does the man mean?9. W: You don't believe in diets, do you?M: There is nothing wrong with them per se but they have to be combined with exercise to do any good.Q: What is the man's attitude towards diets ?10. W: I don't know which color folder to use, white or brown.M: What difference does it make? It's the content that's important.Q: What is the implication of the man?11. W: You know, I've heard that Professor Martin's Introduction to Chemistry class is too demanding for first year students. They say it's the most difficult course for graduate students.M: Yeah, but a lot of students will tell you otherwise. Go talk to anyone who has gone to an advanced course, like Organic Chemistry, or who studied chemistry in graduate school. They're really glad they started out with Professor Martin.Q: What does the man imply about Professor Martin?12. W: Hey, Mark. Have you been able to sell your old piano, yet?M: Hmm, you were right. Just posting notices on bulletin boards at a couple of supermarkets wasn't enough. I think I'll have to place an advertisement in the local newspaper.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?13. W: I'm amazed that you still haven't gotten to know your neighbors.M: They tend to keep to themselves.Q: Why hasn't the man gotten to know his neighbors?14. W: Hi! Um, I think something is wrong with the washing machine. It works, and I just did my laundry, but it makes some strange noises. Maybe you should call someone to fix it.M: Oh, don't worry. Someone from the repair shop is already on the way over to take a look at it.Q: What is the implication of the man?15. W: It's so thoughtful of you to offer to drop me off at the train station. Are you sure it's not out of your way?M: Not at all. The station is really close to where I'm going.Q: What can be learned about the man?Part BPassage IThe Application of Computers in Education The best method for improving educational standards is to utilize every tool available, including state-of-the-art technology. Computers and the internet have expanded the way in which information can be delivered to the students of today. Today's networking technologies provide a valuable opportunity to practise new learning techniques. Educators are discovering that computers are facilitating learning. Computer-based communications, or telecommunications, can offer many educational opportunities; therefore, educators will need to adapt current teaching methods to incorporate this new media into the classroom. Computers have made a fundamental impact on most industries, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many businesses. Therefore, schools must also use technology to improve the educational process. School systems often consider purchasing a computer network, and justify its purchase by applying it to routine administrative tasks, such as attendance records and grading. While these tasks are very important, they only show a small part of what technology can do for a school. Technology must go further than simply keeping attendance; it must focus on keeping students interested and productive. Since computers and the Internet have expanded the ways in which education can be delivered to students, it is currently possible to engage in "distance education" through the Internet. Distance education involves audio and video links between teachers and students in remote areas. Video conferencing allows groups to communicate with each other. Desktop video conferencing promises to bring students together from geographic and cultural distances face to face via computer. Not only will the teacher talk to the students, but the students will be able to interact with each other. This will make students more interested in learning.I. 1. According to the passage, what are educators discovering?2. What do schools usually purchase computer networks for?3. According to the author, what should computers be mainly used for?4. Which of the following is NOT a feature of video conferencing?5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?II. fundamental impact; be essential; improve the educational process; justify its purchase; attendance records; what technology can doPassage IIE-Commerce The Internet, as a means for commerce, did not become reality until the 1990s. Before this time, it was mainly a tool for the army, and a research device for some American universities. Its popularity grew when it proved to be a fast and efficient means to conduct long distance transactions, as well as an effective way to distribute information. The first advantage that e-commerce possesses is speed. With increased speeds of communication, the delivery time is expedited and thatmakes the whole transaction from start to finish more efficient. Also, you can find practically any product available for sale on the Internet. Even more significant is the fact that information appearing on the Internet can be changed rapidly. This gives business owners the ability to inform customers of any changes to the service that they are offering. The second advantage of electronic commerce is the opportunity it offers to save on costs. By using the Internet, marketing, distribution, personnel, phone, postage and printing costs, among many others, can be reduced. You can start doing business in cyberspace for as little as $100. The savings, therefore, are tremendous. These funds can then be diverted to marketing and advertising your product or service. Cyberspace knows no national boundaries. That means you can do business all over the world as easily as you can in your own neighborhood. Since the Internet connects everyone in cyberspace, information is transmitted at the speed of sound or the speed of light, depending on your connection. Either way, distance becomes meaningless, which enables you to link to nearly anyone on the globe, and anyone on the globe can link to you. The ability to establish links makes doing business on the Internet attractive to customers in any part of the world. A potential source of trouble is customer concerns with privacy and security. Anything sent over the Internet is sent through several different computers before it reaches its final destination. The concern regarding Internet security and privacy is that unscrupulous hackers can capture credit card or check account data as it is transferred or break into computers that hold the same information. Making a customer feel safe is important when doing business on the Internet. Even though no one can guarantee 100% security when transferring financial information over the Internet, e-commerce is still safer than using credit cards at an actual store or restaurant, or paying for something with the use of a 1-800 number."I. l. Before being used for commerce, what was the Internet mainly used for?2. Which one of the following is NOT a factor that can make transactions more efficient on the Internet?3. Why does distance become meaningless in e-commerce?4. What do customers worry about in e-commerce?5. What is the main idea of this passage?II. source; privacy; security; destination; credit card; transferred; feel safe; guarantee; safer than; paying forPassageIIIComputerized SystemsIt was pointed out by a computer wag that a computerized system consists of three subsystems: hardware, software, and jellyware. Hardware is the computer itself -- the collection of slightly impure chunks of silicon dioxide and other metal oxides that sometimes conduct electricity and sometimes don't, but never conduct it very well. Basically, hardware is mostly sand with some metal and some organic plastic material to hold it together. Software consists of the instructions necessary in order for the hardware to do things. The instructions are nothing more than signals indicating that certain pieces of hardware are to turn themselves on or off in specific sequences at specific times in specific areas of the hardware. The basic instructions are written or given in binary terms -- on or off-- and other software elements translate this to and from the more complex language used by the next element in the system. Jellyware is the human being who tells the hardware what to do, who gives the hardware its data, who utilizes the output of the hardware, who writes the software, and who uses the。