寒假作业4

寒假作业（4）——2022-2023学年九年级语文人教部编版1.选出对刘禹锡《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》赏析有误的一项（）酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠巴山楚水凄凉地，二十三年弃置身。

怀旧空吟闻笛赋，到乡翻似烂柯人。

沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。

今日听君歌一曲，暂凭杯酒长精神。

A.诗人被贬官在外多年，回京路上思怀往事，展望将来，诗中流露出心绪难平但又不乏刚健昂扬之气。

B.诗中第二联运用两个典故，写出了孤身归来后的感触，既有旧友离世的悲痛，又有物是人非、恍如隔世的无限怅惘。

C.诗人将自己比作“千帆”“万木”，与“沉舟”“病树”两两相对，表现了天地万物新陈代谢、生生不息的活力，是诗人乐观精神的写照。

D.诗作的结尾，点明酬答之意，回应首联，扣住诗题，既有对友人白居易的感谢之情，也表达了共勉之意。

2.对下面这首诗赏析不正确的一项是（）过零丁洋文天祥辛苦遭逢起一经，干戈寥落四周星。

山河破碎风飘絮，身世浮沉雨打萍。

惶恐滩头说惶恐，零丁洋里叹零丁。

人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青。

A.诗歌首联写了个人和国家的两件大事：一是他因科举走入仕途；二是在国家危亡关头，起兵抗元。

B.第二联运用对偶、拟人的修辞手法，写出了国家山河破碎，局势危急，个人命运也历经艰辛危苦，动荡不安。

C.最后一联，直抒胸臆，表明自己以死明志的决心，是千古传诵的名句。

D.全诗概括了作者一生的重大事件，融叙事和抒情言志为一炉，慷慨悲凉，感人至深。

3.阅读下面古诗，完成下面小题。

行路难（其一）李白金樽清酒斗十千，玉盘珍羞直万钱。

停杯投箸不能食，拔剑四顾心茫然。

欲渡黄河冰塞川，将登太行雪满山。

闲来垂钓碧溪上，忽复乘舟梦日边。

行路难，行路难！多歧路，今安在？长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。

（1）下列对诗歌的理解和分析错误的一项是（）A.前四句欲扬先抑，极言宴席的华美，反衬诗人内心的苦闷。

B.诗中以“冰塞川”“雪满山”象征人生道路上的艰难险阻，具有比兴的意味。

C.诗中借姜太公和伊尹的典故，进一步抒发诗人政治失意的悲愤之情。

运动合力的关系1．如图，轻弹簧的下端固定在水平桌面上，上端放有物块P，系统处于静止状态.现用一竖直向上的力F作用在P上,使其向上做匀加速直线运动.以x表示P离开静止位置的位移，在弹簧恢复原长前，下列表示F和x之间关系的图像可能正确的是（）【答案】A【解析】本题考查牛顿运动定律、匀变速直线运动规律、力随位移变化的图线及其相关的知识点假设物块静止时弹簧的压缩量为x0，则由力的平衡条件可知kx0＝mg,在弹簧恢复原长前，当物块向上做匀加速直线运动时，由牛顿第二定律得F＋k(x0－x）－mg＝ma，由以上两式解得F＝kx＋ma，显然F和x为一次函数关系，且在F轴上有截距,则A正确，B、C、D错误。

2．如图（a），物块和木板叠放在实验台上，物块用一不可伸长的细绳与固定在实验台上的力传感器相连，细绳水平。

t＝0时，木板开始受到水平外力F的作用，在t＝4 s时撤去外力。

细绳对物块的拉力f随时间t变化的关系如图（b)所示，木板的速度v与时间t的关系如图(c)所示。

木板与实验台之间的摩擦可以忽略。

重力加速度取10 m/s2。

由题给数据可以得出()A．木板的质量为1 kgB．2 s～4 s内，力F的大小为0。

4 NC．0～2 s内，力F的大小保持不变D．物块与木板之间的动摩擦因数为0。

2【答案】AB【解析】本题考查牛顿运动定律的综合应用,以木板为研究对像，通过f－t与v－t图像对相应过程进行受力分析、运动分析，列方程解出相应的问题。

分析知木板受到的摩擦力fʹ＝f。

0～2 s,木板静止，F＝fʹ,F逐渐增大，所以C错误。

4 s～5 s,木板加速度大小a2＝0。

2 m/s2，对木板受力分析，fʹ＝ma2＝0。

2 N,得m ＝1 kg，所以A正确。

2 s～4 s，对木板有F－fʹ＝ma1，F＝fʹ＋ma1＝0.4 N，所以B正确.由于无法确定物块的质量，则尽管知道滑动摩擦力大小，仍无法确定物块与木板间的动摩擦因数，故D错误.1．下列说法正确的是（）A．牛顿通过理想斜面实验发现力不是维持物体运动的原因B．千克、秒、米和牛顿都是力学中的基本单位C．物体静止时有惯性，一旦开始运动,便不再保持原有的运动状态，也就失去了惯性D．法国科学家笛卡儿指出：如果运动中的物体没有受到力的作用，它将继续以同一速度沿同一直线运动,既不会停下来,也不会偏离原来的方向2．中华民族的优秀文化博大精深,其中古典诗词是优秀文化的代表。

五年级数学寒假作业1答案一、竖式计算一、竖式计算9÷3.75═2.4 22.36÷4.3=5.217÷23≈0.7 3.6÷2.8≈1.29（得数凑整到十分位）（得数凑整到十分位） （得数凑整到百分位）（得数凑整到百分位）二、用递等式计算，能用简便算法的用简便算法0.55×0.55×30.430.4＋0.48×52.5═41.92 （2.1+2.1+2.1+2.1）×12.5═1052.8×2.8×7.57.5＋7.5×7.2═75 0.175÷0.25×4═2.84.6×202═929.2 54÷(3.94+6.86)×0.8═4三、解方程：三、解方程：3(X －4)＋5＝14 2.6X －X －0.1X ＝0.75×0.2 X═7 X═0.111－2.5(X －3)＝10.5 X ÷2－X ÷5＝60X═3.2 X═2004(18－X)＝24 5X －1.8＋1.2＝6.4X═12 X═1.4四、文字题四、文字题1、26.6除以3.5所得的商，再乘以1.2，积是多少？，积是多少？26.6÷3.5×1.2═9.122、4.48除以6.4与4.8的差，商是多少？的差，商是多少？4.48÷（6.4－4.8）═2.8五、应用题五、应用题1、一匹布长22.7米，裁剪成每段裤料长1.2米，最多可以裁剪多少段？还剩下几米？几米？22.7÷1.2═18（段）…… 1.1（米）（米）2、一瓶果汁饮料1.8升，正好倒满15杯，平均每杯多少升？杯，平均每杯多少升？1.8÷15═0.12（升）（升）3、小巧用60元去买几只圆珠笔，每只圆珠笔1.4元，可以买多少只圆珠笔，还余多少元？余多少元？60÷1.4═42（元）…… 1.2（元）（元）4、北京故宫的面积约是72万平方米，比上海人民广场的5倍还多2万平方米，上海人民广场的面积约是多少万平方米？万平方米。

2020-2021学年初一语文人教部编版寒假作业（4）一、下列各项中加粗字注音有误的一项是（）A.瘫痪（huàn）暴怒（bào）沉寂（jì）诀别（jué）B.捶打（chuí）憔悴（cuì）央求（yāng）絮叨（xù）C.侍弄（sì）淡雅（yă）高洁（jié）烂漫（làn）D.仿膳（shàn）豌豆（wān）敏感（mĭn）恢复（huī）二、下列词语书写全部正确的一项是（）A.羁绊高梁彬彬有礼沧海桑田B.取谛迸溅沁人心脾辗转反侧C.竣工板栗斩钉截铁眼花瞭乱D.霹雳抱歉惊涛澎湃诲人不倦三、下列句子中，加粗词语运用不正确的一项是（）A.这些年轻的科学家决心以无所不为的勇气去探索大自然的奥秘。

B.他翻来覆去地想这件事，但还是没有想明白其中的道理。

C.意志消沉的史铁生同意去北海公园赏花，这令母亲喜出望外。

D.每次捧读史铁生的散文《秋天的怀念》，我都会被感动得潸然泪下。

四、下列各句中没有语病的一项是（）A.由于团省委的一系列关爱活动，使留守儿童感受到了大家庭的温暖。

B.我们只要与自然和谐相处，才能保护好我们赖以生存的家园。

C.青年人应当把自己的梦想与民族的梦想紧密相连，刻苦学习，在追逐梦想的过程中为中国梦的实现而贡献力量。

D.在旅游旺季到来之际，我市推广并通过了“美丽乡村游”的休闲旅游政策。

五、用诗词原句填空。

1.《观沧海》中诗人以奇特的想象，表现大海博大无比的诗句是“，；，”。

2.古人常用明月寄相思之意。

李白在《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》中有诗句“，”，就是希望明月送去自己对远方朋友的担忧和牵挂。

3.乡书何处达？。

（王湾《次北固山下》）4.在王湾的《次北固山下》中，蕴含新事物从旧事物中孕育并将取代旧事物哲理的两句诗是：，。

5.行舟江上，吴均在富春江感受了“急湍甚箭，猛浪若奔”的汹涌气势，而王湾在北固山下领略了“，”的浩渺景象。

地貌峄山遍布花岗岩巨型石蛋群,有“天下怪石第一山”的美誉。

丹丸峰峰顶一石如丹似丸，又名“飞来石"(左下图）。

右下图为地壳物质循环示意图，其中戊是沉积物，甲、乙、丙、丁代表三大类岩石或岩浆,①—⑤代表某种地质作用.据此完成下面各题。

1．“飞来石”的外观形态与下列地质作用密切相关的是A．岩浆凝固B．风化作用C．流水侵蚀D．冰川侵蚀2．右图能够反映“飞来石"岩石形成过程的代码是A．①B．②C．③D．④【解析】1．“飞来石”景观是花岗岩山体，是花岗岩球状风化的产物.花岗岩是岩浆侵入活动形成的侵入岩，形成了花岗岩后，经过地壳抬升，出露地表,后经过外力的风化作用形成了现在的景观。

故“飞来石”的外观形态与风化作用密切相关。

故选B项.2．由图可知,丙处有三个箭头指向丙，因此丙为岩浆，丁则为岩浆岩，②地质作用为岩浆侵入冷却凝固。

因此“飞来石”景观是岩浆侵入冷却凝固，形成的侵入型岩浆岩,反映“飞来石"形成过程的代码为②.故选B项。

【答案】1．B2．B地球表面的风、流水、冰川、生物等也可以引起地表形态的变化，它们被统称为外力作用。

外力作用的能量来自地球外部，主要是太阳辐射能。

它对地表形态的塑造主要有风化、侵蚀、搬运和堆积四种方式.下图示意四种地貌类型。

据此完成下面小题.1．图示四种地貌的成因相同的是A．①②B．②③C．③④D．①④2．形成黄土高原的主要外力作用是A．风力侵蚀B．流水侵蚀C．风力沉积D．冰川沉积3．与图中挪威峡湾海岸成因相同的地貌主要分布在我国的A．青藏高原B．四川盆地C．长江三角洲D．西北地区下图示意某河流上游河段的单侧断面.该河段两岸依次分布着海拔不同的四个平坦面T0、T1、T2、T3，平坦面上均堆积着河流沉积砾石。

砾石的平均砾径T3>T0〉T2>T1。

洪水期河水仅能淹没T0。

据此完成下面小题.4．最先形成的平坦面是A．T0 B．T1 C．T2 D．T35．该断面河流流速最慢的时期为A．T3形成时期B．T2形成时期C．T1形成时期D．T0形成时期下图甲为“太平洋某岛屿一角自然风光图片”，乙图为“非洲埃及狮身人面像”。

英语学科寒假作业I. 阅读理解APrague is cracking! My sister was right. It really is one of Europe’s most popular tourist attractions, which has beautiful old buildings. So far, my favorite place is Prague Castle. I think it is the largest ancient castle in the world. Prague also has a lot of cultural events, like the World Dance Festival. I went to a ballet (芭蕾舞剧) just last night. -------- LilyI’ve come to Shanghai at the right time. Summer has begun, but it is not too hot yet. Yesterday was the Dragon Boat Festival. It was exciting! If you come to Shanghai, you should see the Bund---a street with very nice shops, nightclubs, and hotels. There are many tourists there. It has some wonderful buildings from the 1930s.I went on a night cruise(乘船游览) of the Huangpu River last night. I met some great people on the boat, mostly foreigners, like me. ---------StanBuenos Aires is a fun city, but six days is not enough time for a visit! I’m staying near the mile-long shopping street called Calle Florida. It is a great place to meet people and watch dancers perform that tango. Buenos Aires is the birthplace of the tango.I also spent a day in the suburb of Tigre. It’s about 30 km from the capital, and you can get there quickly by train. However, I chose to take a boat on the canals(运河) of the Paraná Delta. --------Melinda1. What can be learned according to Lily?A . Prague is a modern city.B.Prague Castle has beautiful scenery.C.Prague is most famous for its ballet.D.Prague is worth visiting.Both Stan and Melinda ___________.1/ 5A.took a boat tripB. saw a lot of old buildingsC. went to a festivalD. travelled by train3. The passage is probably taken out of _________.A.a history bookB. a news reportC. a travel websiteD. a personal diaryBI began learning playing the violin when nine, and the next year I began studying under Natalie Ghent, who was my teacher until I left high school.Once, Mrs. Ghent held a concert(音乐会) for her students. I played near the end of it. After I played a while, I forgot the music. No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't think of it. So I had to stop and looked at the pianist's music. When the whole concert was over, I cried hiding in my overcoat.Mrs. Ghent came to comfort(安慰) me. Then she told us about a coming concert, and she hoped I would go there with her. I remember that the concert was on my birthday in March. It was great, as Mischa Elman was going to perform(表演) at Carnegie Hall. My teacher decided to buy the best tickets as my birthday present.Carnegie Hall is quite beautiful with all the lights on. I had never been in such a concert hall before, and was impressed by the size as well. I don't remember what Elman played. I only remember that his playing was beautiful. I have seen films of him in recent years, and have been attracted by his performance, but I don't remember the music he played that night. What I remember most is that Mrs. Ghent spoke to me in a low voice from time to time that he had forgotten something or played a wrong note, or had made some other kinds of mistakes.When I teach students to play the violin now, I tell my students who are in dread of making mistakes that if they aren't going to make a mistake, they will never play beautiful music.4. When the concert was over, the writer cried because_________.A. the concert was such a big successB. she found she didn't have a gift for music2/ 5C. no one tried to help her during her performanceD. she felt sad about her performance5. Mrs. Ghent decided to take the writer to that concert mainly because____________.A. she wanted to comfort herB. she wanted to teach her an important lessonC. she wanted to let her go to a perfect concertD. she wanted to let her know she really cared about her6. By going to the concert, the writer has most probably learnt that__________.A. there are no really great performersB. Mischa Elman is not a good performerC. even the best players make mistakesD. Mischa Elman's performance can't impress others7. What does the underlined part “in dread of ”in the last paragraph mean?A. afraid of.B.careful with.C. angry at.D. interested in.II. 完形填空William Franklin came to my class half a year ago. But from his first day here, he shut himself in his own world and he never 1 to others. As his teacher, I tried to start a talk with him but 2 . It looked as if he just didn’t want to break his 3 .After the Thanksgiving holiday, we received the news of the4 Christmas collection（募捐）of money for the 5 in our school. “Christmas is a season of 6 ,” I told my students. “Some poor students in our school might not have a 7 holiday. By giving a little money, you will help8 some toys, food and clothing for these needy students. We will9 the collection tomorrow.”The next morning, 10 , I found out almost everyone had 11 this matter except Willard Franklin. He came up to my desk with his head down. 12 , he dropped two coins into the small box. “I don’t need milk for lunch,” he said in a 13 voice.3/ 5After school I couldn’t help sharing what had 14 in the morning with our headmaster. “I may be wrong, but I 15 Willard might be ready to become part of our class.” “ I am16 to hear that,” he nodded. “And I just received a 17 of the poor families in our school who most need help. Here, take a look at it.”As I sat down to18 , I found Willard Franklin was at the top of the list. At that moment, I felt I really20 Willard for the first time: a cold face with a warm heart. From this19 , I also learnt that whether rich or poor, every child has a kind heart.1 A.turned B.joked C.spoke D.listened2. A. stopped B. failed C. changed D. stayed3. A.silence B.heart C.sadness D. promise4. A.daily B.weekly C.yearly D.monthly5. A.serious B.sick C.poor D.shy6. A.enjoying B.giving C.receiving D.spending7. A.free B.long C.popular D.happy8. A.choose B.pack C.find D.buy9.Acontinue B.start C.show D.share10. A.however B.therefore C.otherwise D.besides11. A.realized B.forgotten C.learnt D.discussed13. A.Carefully B.Thankfully C.ertainly D.Personally13. A.sharp B.low C.sweet D.deep14. A.appeared B.arrived C.remained D.happened15. A.agree B.fear C.believe D.decide16. A.lucky B.glad C.surprised D.sorry17. A.list B.report C.research D.message18. A.study B.rest C.read D.work19. A.accepted B.respected C.supported D.knew4/ 520. A.survey B.result C.experience D.interviewIV. 语法填空In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, __ 1__ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks（筷子）.Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant（好看的）chopsticks might__ 2___(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine (组合）various hardwoods and metal __ 3__(create) special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for 5000 years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, __ 4__(use) twigs(树枝）to remove it. Over time, __ 5__the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which __ 6__(gradual) turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius（孔子）, __ 7__ lived from roughly 551-479 B.C., influenced the __ 8__(develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __ 9__ (be) too violent（暴力的）for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat __10___their hands.时间：出题人：I．阅读理解1—3 DAC 4—7 DBCAII．完形填空1—5 CBACC 6—10 BDDBA 11—15 BABDC 16—20 BACDCIV. 语法填空：1.and2.be made3.to createing5.as/when6.gradually7.who8.development9.were 70.with5/ 5。

五年级英语寒假作业4）一、看图，并根据图意写词完成句子或对话。

1. What shape is the ? It’s a circle.2. is the first ________ of a week(星期).3. Boys and girls. Now let’s together .4. Look! There are two dogs the table.5. —Can you _______ the violin ?—No，but I can ____ English songs .6. We want to buy a mask and a of chickenfor our Halloween party.二、英汉互译。

1.在早上2.放一只风筝3.一个鸡肉罐头4.洗衣服5.我的家庭6.在帐篷旁边7.在墙上8.寻找他的棋9. a camping trip 10. play table tennis三、从II栏中找出与I栏相对应的内容。

I II( ) 1.What dose Mike have? A. They are having a lesson.( ) 2. Are there any flowers in the garden? B. There are some books. ( ) 3. Can you ride bikes? C. No, he is reading a picture book. ( ) 4.Dose she have a bag? D. Yes, there are .( ) 5. What’s on the sofa? E. Yes, we can.( ) 6. How many triangles can you see? F. He has a new pen. ( ) 7. Is your brother playing with a yo-yoG. Fifty-eight Yuan. ( ) 8. Shall we listen to the music now. H. I can see six. ( ) 9. How much are these lanterns? I. OK.( )10.What are they doing? J. No, she doesn’t四、选择填空。

2023届寒假作业4 答案和解析一、阅读理解Have you ever been really hungry, but there wasn’t much to eat in your kitchen? Did you throw together a bunch of stuff you had on hand and were pleasantly surprised when it tasted good? You aren’t alone. Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.POTATO CHIPSOne of the world’s favorite snacks is the result of a complaint. In 1853, a man was eating dinner at Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York. He ordered fried potatoes, a popular side dish. But when they came out of the kitchen, he didn’t think they were crispy enough. He sent them back to the kitchen, where Chef George Crum was so angry at having his cooking criticized that he sliced the potatoes really thin, put lots of salt on them, and fried them. Not only did the diner love them, but everyone else did, too. They soon became a specialty of the restaurant.TOFUTofu, or bean curd, is made by curdling (使凝结) fresh soya milk, pressing it into a solid block, and then cooling it. Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. Like cheese, tofu is a great example of how really messing up a recipe can create something unexpectedly good.CHEESE PUFFSDid you ever wonder who thought up cheese puffs? The company that invented them wasn’t even trying to make food for people. It was trying to make animal feed. In the 1930s, the Flakall Company of Wisconsin made animal food from small, flaked pieces of grain. One day, an employee, Edward Wilson, watched workers pouring cornmeal (谷粉) into the flaking machine, wetting it to keep it from clogging (堵塞). Because the machine was very hot, the wet cornmeal came out of it in puffy ribbons that hardened when they hit the air. Wilson took some of the ribbons home, added oil and flavoring to them, and voila! Cheese puffs! 1．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．Seaweed is also used for making cheese.B．Chef George Crum didn’t like to criticize others’ cooking.C．Hot wet cornmeal hardened when they hit the air.D．Bean curd dates back 2000 years in China .2．What do the three foods have in common?A．They are the results of complaints.B．They were not created on purpose.C．They weren’t originally made for people.D．They are all popular throughout the world.3．What’s the purpose of the text?A．To compare the features of some foods.B．To inform readers of some foods.C．To recommend some foods .D．To introduce the origins of some foods.【答案】1．A2．B3．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。

包四中高二生物1月12日寒假作业免疫调节一、选择题1.下列属于非特异性免疫的是( )①预防接种乙肝疫苗②血浆中溶菌酶对病原体的水解作用③抗毒素与细菌外毒素结合④细胞毒性T细胞裂解靶细胞⑤鼻黏膜分泌的黏液对病菌的黏附⑥皮肤的阻挡作用⑦胃液对病菌的杀灭作用A.②④⑥⑦B.①③④⑤C.①③④⑥D.②⑤⑥⑦2.如图为人体免疫系统发挥作用的部分过程示意图，下列叙述正确的是( )A.图中包含了参与体液免疫的所有类型的免疫细胞B.细胞甲的细胞膜上具有识别抗原的特异性受体C.细胞乙能进行增殖、分化，产生更多的抗体D.细胞丙是吞噬细胞，能特异性识别抗原—抗体复合物3.有的人吃了某种海鲜会腹痛、腹泻、呕吐，有的人吸入某种花粉便打喷嚏、鼻塞等，这些都是过敏反应症状。

下列有关过敏反应的叙述，正确的是( )A.过敏反应与淋巴细胞无关B.过敏反应是免疫系统功能正常的反应C.过敏反应中产生抗体的细胞来源于骨髓中的造血干细胞D.机体首次接触过敏原即产生过敏反应4.下列关于免疫缺陷病的叙述,不正确的是( )A.免疫缺陷病是机体免疫功能过强引起的B.免疫缺陷病包括先天性免疫缺陷病和获得性免疫缺陷病C.先天性免疫缺陷病与遗传有关,获得性免疫缺陷病是由疾病或其他因素引起的D.大多数免疫缺陷病都属于获得性免疫缺陷病5.如图是人体对某病毒的部分免疫过程示意图，I~Ⅶ表示不同种类的细胞，Th 细胞(辅助性T细胞)是T细胞的一种，a~g代表不同的物质。

下列叙述不正确的是( )A.病毒侵染人体后，机体的体液免疫和细胞免疫均会发挥作用B.初次接触该抗原时，Ⅳ、Ⅵ细胞即能迅速增殖、分化C.T细胞既可以在体液免疫中起作用，也可以在细胞免疫中起作用D.图中I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V、Ⅵ均能识别抗原6.有研究显示，皮肌炎是由免疫系统攻击正常的皮肤和肌肉组织引起的。

下列相关叙述正确的是( )A.皮肌炎是体内免疫功能紊乱引起的免疫缺陷病B.在该免疫反应的发生过程中，没有淋巴因子和抗体参与C.该病与类风湿性关节炎发病机理类似D.在该疾病中所发生的皮肤损伤是由过敏反应引起的7.如图为过敏反应发生过程示意图(部分)。

2021-2022学度高二英语寒假作业4word版含解析（模块六单元一）（作业用时：100分钟编制人：罗琦校稿人：郝小娟）一、单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）1. Tom had ______ feeling of excitement when hearing Jay Zhou would go on_____ stage.A. the; /B. a; theC. a; the /; /2. The police are offering a big ________ for the information about that traffic accident.A. priceB. prizeC. reward D award3. After a while, she stopped reading and ________ to giving us a lecture.A. took onB. moved awayC. moved onD. took away4. The moment Justin Bibber appeared, the excited fans ________ thunderous applause.A. ran intoB. burst intoC. came intoD. turned into5. While the children were listening to their teacher’s joke, they were shouting________.A. in laughterB. with laughterC. in tearsD. with laughter6. The audience were ________ by his ________ performance on the stage.A. amused; amusedB. amusing; amusingC. amusing; amusedD. amused; amusing7. He was too tired and he refused to ________ any extra work.A. take offB. take inC. take upD. take on8. I tried to work on, but I was so tired that I could no longer ________.A. hold outB. keep outC. stick toD. insist on9. I’ll go and ask the doctor if I should take this medicine and what effect it may ________ me.A. have onB. take onC. result inD. bring in10. ---What a pity for her!---Yes. She experienced pain of thinking of her husband who had ________ years before.A. passed byB. passed overC. passed awayD. passed on11. It is two years since both of them ________ the football club.A. participated inB. took part inC. joinedD. joined in12. It’s too hot outside. Let’s buy something ________ to drink after playing football.A. cool and niceB. nice and coolC. cool or niceD. nice or cool13. A good friend should be kind and helpful. ________ is my mother.A. Such a friendB. Such one friendC. No such friendD.One such friend14. I don't enjoy ________ fun of by others.A. to makeB. to be madeC. makingD. being made15. —Why are the students working so hard these days?—________ ready for the coming entrance examination.A. To getB. GetC. GettingD. Got二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）Have you ever had to decide whether to go shopping or stay home and watch TV on a weekend? Now you 16 do both at the same time. Home shopping television networks have become a 17 for many people to shop without 18 having to leave their homes.Some shoppers are 19 of department stores and supermarkets— 20 the crowds, waiting in long lines, and sometimes 21 of finding anything they want to buy. They’d rather sit quietly at home in front of the TV set and 22 a friendly announcer describe a product 23 a model shows it. And they can 24 around the clock (不分昼夜地), buying something 25 by making a phone call.Department stores and even mail-under companies (邮政公司) are 26 to join in the success of home shopping. Large department stores are busy 27 their own TV channels to encourage TV shopping in the future. 28 can ask questions about products and place 29 , all through their TV sets.Will shopping by television 30 take the place of shopping in stores? Some industry managers think so. 31 many people find shopping at a 32 store a great enjoyment. And for many shoppers, it is still important to 33 or try on dresses they want to buy. That’s 34 specialists say that in the future, home shopping will 35 together with store shopping but will never entirely replace it.16. A. must B. should C. shall D. can17. A. program B. way C. reason D. purpose18. A. ever B. never C. still D. once19. A. proud B. fond C. tired D. careful20. A. fighting B. striking C. treating D. stopping21. A. sense B. doubt C. hope D. feeling22. A. see B. watch C. let D. notice23. A. until B. since C. if D. while24. A. shop B. wait C. turn D. deliver25. A. suitably B. cheaply C. simply D. hardly26. A. nervous B. lucky C. equal D. eager27. A. putting up B. making up C. setting up D. looking up28. A. Guests B. Assistants C. Managers D. Customers29. A. orders B. goods C. books D. answers30. A. lastly B. finally C. especially D. fortunately31. A. Then B. Yet C. However D. Therefore32. A. general B. popular C. real D. true33. A. design B. make C. wear D. touch34. A. how B. why C. what D. when35. A. exist B. practice D. follow D. appear三、阅读明白得（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AI’ve loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother. “But the desk,” she said again, “is for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional(易动感情的)”. But she lived “on the surface”.As years passed and I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer, none came.My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace. It seemed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to Mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told me that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work though she’d never been able to. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside — a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded(折叠) and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose, Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.36. The writer began to love her mother’s desk _______.A. after Mother diedB. before she became a writerC. when she was a childD. when mother gave it to her37. The passage shows that _______.A. Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughterB. Mother was too serious about everything her daughter had doneC. Mother cared much about her daughter in wordsD. Mother wrote to her daughter in careful words.38. The world “gulf” in the passage means _______.A. deep understanding between the old and the young.B. different ideas between the mother and the daughter.C. free talks between mother and daughter.D. part of the sea going far in land.39. What did Mother do with her daughter’s letter asking for forgiveness?A. She had never received the letter.B. For years, she often talked about the letter.C. She didn’t forgive her dau ghter at all in all her life.D. She read the letter again and again till she died.40. What’s the best title of the passage?A. My letter to MotherB. Mother and ChildrenC. My Mother’s DeskD. Talks between Mother and me.BThe China Daily newspaper group is looking for English-language senior business editors, senior copy editors, copy editors and graphic designers to strengthen its international team. We offer a competitive salary package, free accommodation(住处，住宅) with utilities paid for, 90 per cent medical reimbursement （补偿）, a seven-day paid leave, eleven-day public holidays and a return ticket to the country of residence.Senior Business EditorYou must:★ assist the business editor in setting goals and working on achieving them;★ be an excellent team person who can generate ideas and think creatively and be able to rewrite totally if needed and mentor junior staff;★ ideally have been working or have worked in a position of responsibility and understand what leadership entails;★ have had at least five years’ editing experience working on editing the Business Desk and be familiar with industry software.Senior Copy EditorYou must:★ work on shifts in the Business Desk and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print;★ edit or rewrite copy and give snappy headlines and captions;★ have had at least two years’ editing experience working on editing desks and be familiar with industry software.Copy EditorYou must:★ be good at editing or rewriting copy and writing snappy headlines and captions;★ be able to work on shifts for different pages, and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print;★ have two years of editing experience working on copy desks, and be familiar with industry software.Graphic DesignerYou must:★ have excellent skills in information graphics;★ be good at illustrations and freehand drawings;★ be experienced in newspaper or magazine layouts;★ have a good sense of typography( 印刷格式);★ have good news judgment;★be well-versed ( 通晓的/熟知的) with Macintosh software, including In Design, Illustrator and Photoshop;★ be fluent in English.For enquiries or to apply, write to job @ chinadaily .cn.41. What is the purpose of this passage?A. To describe the positions of the China Daily newspaper group.B. To describe the working conditions of the China Daily newspaper group.C. To advertise for recruiting some good employees.D. To tell you how to become part of this group.42. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The employees have to pay for their own food and lodging(住宅).B. The workers there can enjoy a seven-day leave without pay.C. The senior business editor’s only job is to help the business editor to set goals.D. The employees have the right to enjoy eleven-day public holidays.43. How many positions need editing experience?A. 1.B. 2.C. 3.D. 4.44. What is NOT required about Graphic Designer?A. Be well-versed with Photoshop.B. Have excellent skills in information graphics.C. Having a good sense of typography.D. Writing snappy headlines and captions.45. Which can be the title of the advertisement?A. China Daily: New Employees WantedB. China Daily: NewspaperC. China Daily: An International TeamD. China Daily: The Best Working ConditionCBeauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable jobs. Personal advisors give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants (被告). But in the executive (行政的；治理的) circle, beauty can become a liability.While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were considered as having more honesty than plain men; effort and ability were thought to lead to their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less honesty than unattractive ones; their success was connected not with ability but with factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more honesty and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was connected more to personal relationships and less to ability than that of the attractive overnight successes.Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is considered to be more feminine and an attractive man more manly than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally manly position appears to lack the "manly" qualities required.This is true even in politics. "When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently," says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.The results showed that attractive males completely defeated unattractive men, but the women who had ranked most attractive unchangeably received the fewest votes.46. The word " liability " in the 1st paragraph most probably means ________.A. disadvantageB. advantageC. misfortuneD. trouble47. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness ________.A. makes women look more honest and capableB. strengthens the qualifies requiredC. is of no importance to womenD. often enables women to succeed quickly48. Bowman's experiment shows that when it comes to politics, attractiveness _________.A. turns out to be a disadvantage to menB. is more of a disadvantage than an advantage to womenC. affects men and women alikeD. has as little effect on men as on women49. It can be inferred from the passage that people's views on beauty are often _________.A. practicalB. supportiveC. old-fashionedD. one-sided50. The author writes this passage to _________.A. give advice to job-seekers who are attractiveB. discuss the disadvantages of women being attractiveC. demand equal rights for womenD. state the importance of appearance四、单词拼写（共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分）51. It was two o’clock before Christmas and the mall was c___________ with shoppers.52. Charles Chaplin was one of the famous c___________ in the period of silent films.53. Whether the action will s___________ or weaken the relationship depends on how they will deal with this problem.54. She t___________ the letter into pieces and walked out quickly.55. An old s___________ goes that it is never too old to learn.56. The professor feels a little nervous because his lecture will be broadcast ___________ (直播).57. Mary isn’t her daughter. Mary is her husband’s daughter from a ___________ (先前的) marriage..58. We offer free ___________ (技术) support for those buying our software.59. We were surprised to find that the most naughty boy in our class ___________ (表现) himself on the special occasion.60. Basic human rights, including freedom of speech, are now ___________ (保证).五、任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）A conflict at work is common. If you can avoid conflict, it means you will win what you want regardless of what the other person wants. Since the potential issue has not been removed, it will simply reappear later. Let’s see what you can do.★ Be aware of the fact that some conflicts are unavoidable at work. On numerous occasions, conflict and disagreement are likely to happen. But when a conflict happens it's not the end of the world. On the contrary, it can be the beginning of an interesting learning process. Conflicts mean that people care enough to disagree strongly. The trick is not to allow the conflict to go on forever.★ Deal with conflicts sooner rather than later. Solve a conflict when it starts, as it only gets worse with time going by. Conflicts at work arise not from something that was said, but from something that wasn't said! Everyone's waiting for the other to admit he's wrong and gets more unpleasant after the conflict has lasted a while. It's essential to interrupt the "waiting game" before it gets to that point.★Ask nicely. If somebody has done something that made you angry, or if you don't understand their viewpoint or actions, simply asking nicely about it can make a world of difference. Never assume that people do what they do to annoy or hurt you. Sometimes there's a good reason why that person does what he or she does, and a potential conflict disappear right there. Do remember to make an inquiry, not an accusation of any sort.★ Appreciate. Praise the other part in the conflict. Tell them why it's worth it to you to solve the conflict. This can be difficult as few people find it easy to praise and appreciate a person they六、书面表达（满分20分）下图反映的是网络时代所显现的一种问题，有些小孩沉溺于网上交流而忽视了与父母的沟通。