Trade payment breakdown is usually prepared by the contractor in advance of purchase of materials

国际结算课程复习资料一、重点词汇英汉互译：第一章国际结算的介绍Correspondent Bank 代理行 Control Documents 控制文件Test key 密押 Terms and conditions 费率表Specimen of authorized signature 印鉴 SWIFT 环球银行金融电讯协会Debit (for bank) 借记Credit (for bank) 贷记Nostro account 往户账 Vostro account 来户账IMF 国际货币基金组织 ICC 国际商会 WBG 世界银行组织CHIPS 英国同业银行自动支付系统 CHAPS 纽约银行同业电子清算系统URC522 《跟单托收统一规则》 UCP 600《跟单信用证统一惯例》国际结算 International Settlement预付货款 Payment in advance 赊账 Open Account(O/A)汇款(汇付）Remittance 托收 Collection跟单信用证Documentary L/C 银行保函 Bank Guarantee第二章票据Recourse 追索Non-causation 无因性流通工具 Negotiable Instrument汇票 Bill of Exchange/Draft本票 Promissory Note支票 Check/Chequedrawer 出票人payer/drawee 付款人payee 收款人endorser 背书人acceptor 承兑人Holder 持票人Holder for value 对价持票人Holder in due course/Bona fide holder 正当持票人/善意的持票人汇票出票Issue 背书Endorsement）提示（Presentation 承兑（Acceptance保证Guarantee 付款Payment 拒付Dishonor 追索Recourse拒绝证书Protest Tenor 付款期限 Usance bill 远期汇票Blank endorsement 空白背书Acceptance/payment for honor参加承兑和参加付款支票Crossed check 划线支票 Uncrossed check 非划线支票 Open check 现金支票Rubber check/bad check 空头支票Collecting bank 托收行out of date 过期第三章Remittance 汇付，顺汇 Reverse remittance 逆汇Remitter 汇款人 Remitting bank 汇出行Paying bank 汇入行，解付行Beneficiary or payee 收款人，受益人Reimbursement of remittance cover 拨头寸T/T 电汇 M/T 信汇 D/D 票汇 Payment in advance 预付货款Open account / payment after goods arrival 赊销 Consignment 寄售第四章Documentary collection 跟单托收Clean collection 光票托收Direct collection 直接托收 D/P at sight 即期付款交单D/P after sight 远期付款交单 D/A 承兑交单D/P.T/R/ 付款交单凭信托收据借单 Outward bills/出口押汇Inward bills /进口押汇 Principal/委托人Remitting Bank/托收行 Collecting Bank/代收行Drawee/付款人Principal’s representative in case of need/需要时的代理第五章Applicant 申请人 Beneficiary 受益人 Issuing Bank 开证行Advising Bank通知行 Confirming Bank 保兑行 Paying Bank 付款行承兑行Accepting Bank 议付行Negotiating Bank 偿付行Reimbursing Bank 索偿行Claiming Bank 寄单行Remitting Bankin duplicate 一式两份 in triplicate 一式三份in quadruplicate 一式四份 in quintuplicate 一式五份Confirm 保兑 Negotiate 议付 undertaking 承诺Primary liability forpayment of the Issuing Bank 开证行承担第一性付款责任Documentary Credit Nominated Bank指定银行soft clause软条款跟单与光票信用证 Documentary and clean L/C不可撤销与可撤销信用证 Irrevocable and revocable L/C保兑与不保兑信用证 Confirmed and unconfirmed L/C即期付款、延期付款、承兑和议付信用证，假远期信用证Sight、 Usance、 Acceptance and Negotiation L/C可转让与不可转让信用证 Transferable and Untransferable L/C循环信用证 Revolving L/C 对开信用证 Reciprocale L/C背对背信用证 Back to back L/C 预支（红条款）信用证）Anticipantory L/C 备用信用证 Standby L/C二、知识重点：第一章国际结算的介绍一、国际结算定义：（Definition）1、是指处于两个处于不同国家的当事人通过银行办理的两国间货币收付业务。

期货术语中英文对照期货中国时间：2010-01-28 18:01:13 来源：期货中国期货中国网-股指期货/商品期货投资自由之路Actuals 现货（LME普遍使用physical）Arbitrage 市场间套利Assay 检验分析Ask 要价，喊价At-the-Money 相等价值：期权履约价与当前期权期货合约的现价完全相同Backpricing 有效时间定价：生产者常用LME 结算价作为报价基准, 每天公布的结算价到次日中午有效。

又称公认定价(Pricing on the Known)Backwardation 现货升水：现货价高于期货价（又称Back），是为逆向市场、倒价市场Base Metal 贱金属，基金属：除金、银、铂族以外的金属Bar Chart 条形图Basis 基差：同一种商品现货价与期货价之差Basis Price 基本价格，履约价格：期权交易中买卖双方商定，并按此进行交易的价格。

又称敲定价格（Strik Price），通常为当前市场价Bear 卖空者，看跌者：与Bull正相反Bear Covering 结束空头部位Bear Market 空头市场，熊市：价格普遍下跌的市场Bear Position 空头部位：已卖出期货，期望以后能以较低价买进，利润为现在卖出与以后补进价之差额Best Orders 最佳买卖订单（Buing/Selling at Best）Bid 买方出价Bond 债券Bottom 底价：某时间段内的最低价Borrowing 借入（Borrowing metal from the market）：买进近期货的同时，卖出远期货Break 暴跌，暴升，突破：价格出现较大波动Broker 经纪行，经纪人Bull 买空者，看涨者：与Bear相反Bull Market 多头市场，牛市：价格普遍上涨的市场Bull Position 多头部位：已买进期货，期望以后能以较高价卖出，其利润为现在买进与以后卖出价之差额Business Day 交易日Buying Hedge （Long Hedge）买进套期保值Buy In 补进：平仓、对冲或关闭一个空头部位Buy on Close 收市买进：在收市时按收市价买进Buy on Opening 开市买进：在开市时按开市价买进Call Option 看涨期权,延买期权:允许购买者按一特定的基价购买一种指定期货合约的权力。

外贸结算英语一、外贸实用结算英语外贸结算英语分类比较细，因此，不同的外贸结算方式，外贸结算英语的使用也有较大的差别。

1、外贸结算英语-商业票据commercial bills信贷规模管理(存款准备金率、中央银行贷款利率、公开市场业务) control over scale of bank credit (reserve ratio on deposits, central bank's lending rates, open market operations)2、外贸结算英语-采取灵活措施exercise flexible measures融资(项目贷款、债券股票融资、集资、游资、经常性贷款、贷款利率、赠款、担保人)financing(project financing, financing in the form of bonds and stocks, fund raising, idle funds, commercial lending, lending rate, grants, guarantor)经过15年的努力，中国已经初步完成了价格改革，截止到1992年底，靠市场调节价格的商品已占93%。

Following 15 years of effort, China has initially completed prices reform. By the end of 1992, commodities subject to market regulation have accounted for 93%.3、外贸结算英语-金融保险BANKING AND INSURANCE BUSINESS(银行、商业、消费、国家、民间)信用(banking, commercial, consuming, state and non-governmental)credits全市初步形成了以同业资金拆借市场证券市场和外汇调剂市场为主内容的金融市场体系。

高二英语经济术语单选题30题1. The government is trying to control the ______ rate to keep the economy stable.A. inflationB. recessionC. GDPD. import答案解析：A。

本题考查经济术语。

Inflation（ 通货膨胀）指物价普遍持续上涨的现象，政府通常会采取措施控制通货膨胀率来稳定经济，所以A选项正确。

Recession（ 经济衰退）是指经济活动显著减少的时期，与控制某种率来稳定经济的语境不符，B选项错误。

GDP（ 国内生产总值）是衡量一个国家或地区经济总量的指标，不是被控制来稳定经济的率，C选项错误。

Import 进口）是一种经济活动，不是需要控制的率，D选项错误。

2. A significant drop in ______ indicates that the economy may be in trouble.A. revenueB. inflationC. exportD. interest答案解析：A。

Revenue（收益、收入），企业或国家的收益大幅下降意味着经济可能出现问题。

Inflation（ 通货膨胀）下降并不一定直接表明经济陷入困境，B选项错误。

Export 出口）下降只是经济的一个方面，不能完全代表经济陷入麻烦，C选项错误。

Interest（ 利息）下降也不能直接表明经济整体陷入困境，D选项错误。

3. When a country's ______ is growing steadily, it usually means the economy is developing well.A. GDPB. debtC. discountD. cost答案解析：A。

GDP（国内生产总值）是衡量一个国家经济发展的重要指标，GDP稳定增长通常意味着经济发展良好。

商务英语国际金融词汇为了让大家更好的准备商务英语BEC考试，我给大家整理了商务英语高频词汇,下面我就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

商务英语国际金融词汇：国际收支国际收支Balance of Payments国际货币基金组织International Monetary Fund国际收支平衡Balance of Payments Statement经常项目Current Account贸易收支Goods劳务收支Service单方面转移收支Unilateral Transfer资本项目Capital Account长期资本Direct Investment热钱/游资Hot Money平衡项目(储备项目/结算项目) Balancing or Settlement Account官方储备Official Reserves自主性交易Autonomous Transaction调节性交易Accommodating Transaction事前交易Ex-ante Transaction事后交易Ex-post Transaction国际收支顺差Balance of Payments Surplus国际收支逆差Balance of Payments Deficit贸易差额Trade Balance经常项目差额The Current Account Balance商务英语国际金融词汇：外汇与汇率通汇合约Agency Agreement通汇银行Correspondent Bank商业汇票Commercial Bill of Exchange银行支票Banker’s Check国外汇票Foreign Bill of Exchange关键货币Key Currency汇率Exchange Rate直接标价法DirectQuotation间接标价法IndirectQuotation汇价点Point买入汇率Buying Rate卖出汇率Selling Rate中间汇率Medial Rate现钞汇率Bank Note Rate即期汇率Spot Rate远期汇率Forward Rate基本汇率Basic Rate套算汇率Cross Rate固定汇率Fixed Rate浮动汇率Floating Rate可调整的钉住Adjustable Peg单一汇率Single Rate复汇率Multiple Rate贸易汇率Commercial Rate金融汇率Financial Rate交叉汇率Cross Rate远期差额Forward Margin升水Premium贴水Discount平价At Par固定汇率制度Fixed Exchange Rate System 金本位Gold Standard纸币Paper Money贴现率Discount Rate浮动汇率制度Floating Exchange Rate System 自由浮动汇率Freely Floating Exchange Rate管理浮动汇率Managed Floating Exchange Rate单独浮动汇率Single Floating Exchange Rate联合浮动汇率Joint Floating Exchange Rate钉住汇率制Pegged Exchange Rate区域性货币一体化Regional Monetary Integration欧洲货币体系European Monetary System (EMS)欧洲货币单位European Currency Unit (ECU)欧洲货币联盟European Monetary Union含金量Gold Content铸币平价Mint Par黄金输送点Gold Point官方储备Official Reserve外汇管制Foreign Exchange Control商务英语国际金融词汇：外汇交易即期外汇交易Spot Exchange Transaction远期外汇交易Forward Exchange Transaction交割日固定的远期外汇交易Fixed Maturity Forward Transaction选择交割日的远期交易(择期交易) Optional Forward Transaction掉期交易Swap即期对远期掉期Spot-Forward Swap即期对即期掉期Spot-Spot Swap远期对远期掉期Forward-Forward Swap地点套汇Space Arbitrage直接套汇(两角套汇) Direct Arbitrage (Two Points Arbitrage)间接套汇(三角套汇) Indirect Arbitrage (Three Points Arbitrage)时间套汇Time Arbitrage现代套汇交易Cash Against Currency Future套利Interest Arbitrage非抵补套利Uncovered Arbitrage非抵补利差Uncovered Interest Differential抵补套利Covered Arbitrage期货Futures期货交易Futures Transaction国际货币市场International Monetary Market (IMM)伦敦国际金融期货交易所London International Financial Futures Exchange (LIFFE)“逐日盯市”制度Market-to-Market期权Options外汇期权Foreign Currency Options协议价格Strike Price敲定价格Exercise Price期权费/权力金Premium期权到期日Expiration Date美式期权American Options欧式期权European Options看涨期权(买权,买入期权) Call Options 期权买方Call Buyer期权卖方Call Seller/Writer看跌期权(卖权,卖出期权) Put Options 期权协议价格Strike Price敲定价格(履约价格) Exercise Price期权费(期权权利金,保险费) Premium 期权保证金Margins期权内在价值Intrinsic value价内期权In the Money价外期权Out of the Money平价期权At the Money期权时间价值Time value易变性Volatility商务英语高频词汇：财务与会计损益表：beginning inventory :期初存货cost of goods sold :销货成本depreciation :n.折旧distribution :n.配销freight :n.运费gross margin :毛利income statement :损益表net income :净损益，净收入net sales :销货净额operating expense :营业费用sales revenue :销货收入资产负债表：accumulated depreciation :备抵折旧asset :n.资产balance sheet :资产负债表contributed capital :实缴股本fixed asset :固定资产liability :n.负债notes payable :应付票据prepaid expense :预付款项retained earnings :保留盈余stockholders equity :股东权益商务英语高频词汇：贸易Commerce 贸易1.bid 出价;投标;喊价mercial 商业化;商用的;营利的petitor 竞争者;对手4.consolidate 结合;合并;强化;巩固5.contract 契约;合同6.corporate 全体的;团体的;公司的;法人的7.credible 可信的;可靠的8.debit 借方;借项9.earnings 薪水;工资;收益10.export 输出;出口11.haggle 讨价还价12.import 输入;进口13.invoice 发票;发货清单;完成工作的清单(明列数量和价钱)14.long-range 长期的;远程的15.stock 现货;存货16.payment 支付;付款17.quote 报价18.supply 供应品;供应物;库存19.tariff 关税20.voucher 保证人;凭证;凭单;折价券21.bill of lading 提货单modity 商品;农产品23.consignee 收件人;受托人24.consumer 消费者;顾客25.contractor 立契约人;承包商26.cost-effective 符合成本效益的27.dealer 商人;业者28.due 应付的;到期的;该发生的29.endorse 背书;支持;赞同30.forward 送到，转号31.headquarters 总公司;总部;司令部32.inventory 详细目录;清单;存货33.letter of credit 信用状34.order 汇单;订货;订单;汇票35.patent 专利;取得…的专利36.quota 定量;定额;配额37.shipment 一批货38.surplus (1)过剩的量;盈余(2)过剩的;剩余的39.trademark 注册商标40.warehouse 仓库;货价;大商店。

2024年商务英语作文（通用篇）商务英语作文 1Thanks for seeing me off at the airport. I really appreciate it. No problem, its my pleasure. I am glad you had a chance to visit our headquarters, and hope you can come back soon. We should be back in about three months. Well have another corporate meeting next quarter. Will you be in the area at that time? I should be.... Remember to let me know when your flight is coming in when you come. Ill come and pick you up at the airport. Youre too kind. Here we are at the terminal, what airline are you flying with? Um...Let me look at the ticket. Oh, thats right, China Air. China Air is in terminal B, this is the international terminal, so all you have to do is walk straight through those doors and turn to your left, you should be able to see the check-in counter. Thanks again for all your help. If youre ever in the Michigan area, be sure to look me up. Yes. Lets keep in touch.商务英语作文 2International business is inseparable from thetelephone, a convenient means of communication. Can your voice be courteous when your voice travels around the world through the microphone?The charm of intonation, answering the phone in a clear and pleasant tone, shows the professional demeanor and amiable character of the speaker. Although your partner cant see your face, your joy or irritation will come through your voice. When you call, your tone should be smooth, soft and serene. Then, if you can talk to each other with a smile, it will make your voice more friendly and enthusiastic. Never chew gum or eat while youre on the phone.The appropriate answer calls should be answered immediately after the second bell sound, should take the initiative to identify the company or department name and his name after politely greeting each other, do not pick up the phone and asked: “ Hello, who are you looking for? ” also, to call people need to leave a message should be clear to report the name, unit number, and a message in simple language. The end of the telephone conversation, usually made by the calling party, then politely said goodbye to each other. Nomatter what the reason for the telephone call, the party shall be responsible for the redial.Telephone calls are most common in commercial complaints and cannot be answered in a timely manner. In order not to lose every opportunity to clinch a deal, some companies even make telephone calls to be within an hour of the provisions of the reply. Generally within 24 hours of the phone message to reply, if you call back, just in case the other party is not in, but also to leave a message, indicating that you have called back. If you really can not personally call back, you should entrust others agency.Pay attention to the time difference. Make sure you know the time difference and the hours of work before you make a call. Dont make a phone call on the day off so as not to interfere with the rest of the day. Try not to call home even if the customer has told you the phone number at home.The proper use of the phone in America you can sell the goods to a person be strangers to each other by telephone, while in Europe, Latin American and Asian countries, telemarketing or on the phone for a long timeto talk business on the unacceptable. The best way to develop good business relationships is to negotiate face to face with customers, while the telephone is mainly used to arrange interviews. Of course, once the two sides have met, it is much easier to communicate with each other by telephone.商务英语作文 3A number of employees clearly suffer from a lack of motivation as a result of dissatisfaction in one or more areas of their work. The key findings are outlined below:Staff feel undervalued by the company, both on a financial and a personal level. It is generally felt that the companyˇs competitors offer higher levels of remuneration. The perception that the managers are unappreciative of staff efforts is particularly noticeable in the Sales Department.Certain employees feel under-challenged. The company is clearly not exploiting its human resources.There appears to be a breakdown of communication in the Production Department. The confusion and resultant ill-feeling towards managers has thepotential to disrupt the production cycles.RecommendationsWe strongly recommend the following measures:An evaluation of job profiles throughout the company to assess whether skills could be utilised more efficientlyA review of the current salary structure involving the comparison with similar organisationsIt is also essential to investigate and take action regarding the communication in the Production and Sales Department.商务英语作文 4E-commerce will gradually replace the traditional business model of the 21st century the core of economic activity. Enterprise Information is the basis for the implementation of e-commerce. Helpful-to-business e-commerce role, the same e-commerce business also brings the risk of short e-commerce enterprise is a double-edged sword, it is necessary to continue to practice in the process of reducing business risk e-commerce in enterprises, give full play to its advantage. Conduct in the business perspective in thisarticle on the e-commerce, enterprise risk explained in detail and in depth analysis of e-commerce enterprise risk environment, and one by one analysis of the possible causes and risk response measures. For the smooth conduct of business e-commerce activities escort, to try to promote a new era of enterprise e-commerce activities. E-commerce will replace traditional business model and the 21st century is the core of economic activities. Enterprise informationization is the foundation of e-commerce. Electronic commerce is not only the essence through the network, but using the Internet shopping, thoroughly change the traditional technology of business operation mode. Information technology is that it is not true that the traditional working methods, and it is more efficient to enterprise broke traditional work rules, and create a new way of working, this is the core content of the enterprise restructuring. Information technology is enterprise restructuring, the starting point is the ultimate goal of enterprise restructuring of the vehicle. E-commerce has helped to enterprise, e-commerce has also brought to the business risks,anyhow e-commerce to enterprise is a double-edged sword, in the practice process, reduce the management risk of the enterprise that e-commerce in enterprise in its biggest advantage.商务英语作文 5Everyone here at [name of firm] was saddened to learn of [name of employee] sudden illness.We know that this came on without any warning and while the proceeds from the group policy insurance coverage will defray a substantial amount of the medical costs, you may have need for some additional financial assistance to see you through this difficult time.Please do not hesitate to call on us if you need our assistance in this area. We consider [name of employee] to be one of our most valuable employees and a fine individual as well and would be most appreciative if you will let him know that we are all thinking of him商务英语作文 6Some people ask why the Chinese so we have to learn English? Because it is the worlds most importantlanguages. English was used in different countries, inter-business transactions, and three-quarters of the worlds newspapers and books are written in English. If you know English, you will be able to enjoy more books. English is the knowledge leading to a bridge.Therefore, we must do more "listening, speaking, reading and writing" aspects of the practice. If you learn English more efforts to learn English is not difficult.商务英语作文 7Business English communication is a professional international trade doors vocational skills classes, English as a means of communication for business activities also represent the graduates who work in the most widespread application of business English knowledge. After a semester of learning, I have basically mastered the international business English communications basic knowledge, the use of skilled foreign trade messages in the various language methods and formats, the correct use of professional terminology, from the establishment of business relations, credit investigation, the site, offer,counter-offer, orders, payment, transport, insurance, claims, settlements and other trade links to the letters of credit, invoices, bills of lading and other documents of the foreign trade of the production, and also included confirmation, agreements, contracts, etc. set. With Chinas accession to the World Trade Organization, as well as a growing number of enterprises to enter the international market, foreign trade practitioners social needs constant development. This vast number of job-seekers to create good jobs. Cross-border between different countries commodity trading. As a result of the transaction the parties belonging to two different countries or regions, and therefore engaged in such business activities more than domestic complex, difficult, and thus more challenging. This requires a solid business personnel in the basic knowledge and highly operational capability in the modern international business activities, the use of skilled foreign trade and business English knowledge of English letters. The class will study the contents of a full integration practice work.或:Dear Angus,Ive received a request from a potential client, Mr. Lee,that he would like to take 10 samples and some brochures back home for a trial sale. Could you please contact him at XXXX-XXXX (phone no.) as soon as possible?Thank you very much for your attention.Best regards,XXX (your name).商务英语作文 8International Trade generally refers to countries in the world (or region) carried out between commodity money as a medium of exchange activities. It contains tangible goods (physical products) exchange, also includes intangible goods (Chi services, technology) exchange, but also known as the world trade.International trading company is mainly responsible for customs, trade, and order, etc.The declaration refers to the person in charge of entry and exit means of transport, import and export goods, the consignor or consignee or their agents to customs clear the goods for import and export procedures process.In a word,International trade risks than domestic trade. Commodity exchange can not do without competing natural there is considerable risk. But in comparison,the risk of international trade for more is greater. Their performance in credit risk, business risk, price risk, exchange rate risk, transport risk and political risk and so on.商务英语作文 9The share price of IBM and AOL showed a upward trend from June until the end of 1998.However, while AOL shares then continued to rise steadily over the next three months, the price of IBM shares fell slightly. By March 1999 both shares were worth about $100.AOL shares then shot up, almost doubling in value within four weeks. They reached a high of $180 in mid-April before collapsing to just over $100 per share at the beginning of May. There was a slight recovery during that month however, despite this by June 1999 the price of AOL shares was once again about $100. In contrast, despite minor fluctuations, IBM shares made a steady recovery over the three month period, finishing at just over $100, almost equal to AOL.商务英语作文 10Thank you for your kind letter regarding your exceptional treatment by one of our employees.A copy of your letter has been forwarded to the personnel department and will be included in the employees file. So seldom is it that a customer takes the time to write a letter of appreciation,that I feel moved to reward your initiative. Please accept the enclosed certificate,which,when presented,will entitle the bearer to a ten percent discount on the merchandise being purchased at that time.This is but a small token of our appreciation of customers such as you,upon whose satisfaction we have been allowed to grow and prosper in this highly competitive marketplace. Again,on behalf of our entire organization, a heart-felt thank you.。

WTO英语900句There’s a system’s failure.机器系统出毛病了。

There’s a breakdown.出毛病了。

I’m phoning to complain about the product.我打电话投诉产品问题。

I’m sorry to hear that. What exactly is the problem?很抱歉。

出什么问题了？It’s broken./It doesn’t work./It’s faulty.坏了。

/不运行了。

/出毛病了。

faulty adj (-ier, -iest) having a fault or faults; imperfect 有缺点的; 有过失的; 不完善的:* a faulty switch 有毛病的开关* a faulty argument 有错误的论据.> faultily adv in a faulty manner 有缺点地; 有过失地; 有错误地.I think I can do better than that.我想我能做得更好。

What’s the problem?什么问题？The problem is the photocopier isn’t working.问题是复印机坏了。

1 process for producing photocopies without the use of wet materials （乾式的）影印, 复印:[attrib 作定语] a Xerox machine （乾式）影印机.2 photocopy made using this process （乾式影印的）影印件, 复印件:* make/take a couple of Xeroxes of the contract 复制出合同的影印件.> xerox v produce copies of (documents, etc) using the Xerox or a similar process 影印, 复印（文件等）:* Could you xerox this letter please, Paula? 葆拉, 请你把这封信复印一份行吗?What’s wrong? What exactly is the problem?怎么回事？哪里出毛病了？There’s some paper stuck in the machine.复印机卡纸了。