Programme Specification

英文商品说明书的翻译教程一、商品说明书的语言特征、结构特点与分类（一）商品说明书概说1.商品说明书有不同的称谓，亦被称为产品说明书、产品说明、说明书等。

英文的称谓有instruction, manual, specification, direction等。

2.商品说明书是关于商品的构造、性能、规格、用途、使用方法、质量保证、维修保养、销售范围、免责声明等方面的文字及图示说明。

3.商品说明书的特点是：内容的科学性；说明的条理性；样式的多样化；语言的通俗性；图文的广告性。

（二）商品说明书的语言特征1.语言客观，用词精确，注意名词、动词、形容词以及复合词等实词的使用；2.句子结构简单。

常使用被动语态、祈使句，有较强的科学性和逻辑性。

1（三）商品说明书的结构特点一般来说，产品说明书的构成要素包括：标题、正文、结尾、附录等。

商品说明书产品介绍的内容通常根据产品类型及特点而定。

完整的商品说明书包括以下三个部分：1.产品的成分、构造、功能、性能、特征、规格、用途等。

2.安装说明、使用说明、使用方法、基本原理、维护保养方法、注意事项。

3.生产厂家、经销单位、产品代号、电话号码、电子邮件、地址等。

（四）商品说明书的分类一般情况下，商品说明书分为两类：工业产品说明书和消费品说明书。

就具体用途而言商品说明书又可以分为推销说明书、使用说明书和维修说明书三种。

推销说明书往往图文并茂，以文释图，兼有广告的某些特点。

使用说明书主要介绍产品的性能、用途、用法以及注意事项。

维修说明书一般附有示意图，除了介绍产品的结构、特点、功能以外，还详尽说明故障原因以及排除办法。

下面的迷你厨房数字定时器说明书，体现了上述特点。

Mini Digital Kitchen Timer Operating InstructionFeatures2- Easy to use- Count up and down- Small- Has built-in magnet, beltclip and stand- Loud alarm- Seems to be well built-beeps at each keypress+ Magnet strong enough to fix it on the fridge or whatever metalic part + Display with big numbers, though without backlight+ Very loud beeper, it can be listened far away+ Very simple use+ Useful clip+ Light weight+ ReliableIt's small enough to keep in kitchen.3There is a clip to fix it.There is a magnet on back.Good to put in fridge.Sound is loud enough to be listened far away from kitchen.Good package.Arrived without any crack.It's not necessary to talk about price.Package Content:100% Brand New in Retail Package1×Digital Kitchen Timer1×AG13 CellOperating Instruction in EnglishDimensions: 2.56 in×2.56 in×0.94 inWeight: 1.38 ozSetting ＆Activating the Timer+ To set the desired time, press the MIN button and SEC button that correspond with your selected4time to be counted down.+ Press the Start/ Stop button.The countdown process will begin.+ To stop the countdown process temporarily, press the Start/ Stop button.To start the countdown process again, press the Start/ Stop button.+ When the timer counts down to zero（0000）, the alarm will sound.To shut off the alarm, press any button on the front.+ To clear the display, press the MIN button and SEC button together.E-mail:*********************二、商品说明书与广告的异同（一）商品说明书与广告的相同点1.商品说明书与广告文体相同，同属于应用文，具有简洁明了、重点突出、层次分明、前后呼应的特点。

J. BMS Management System (BMS)樓宇管理系统1 General Description總則1.1 GeneralThe Contractor shall design supply, install, commission and maintenance completeBMS system. This Section of specification details the requirements for the EnergyManagement System associated with the building service systems covered by thispart of the Contract Work and the interface with services included in other parts of theContract Works, those of others such as that for the lift installation, and other futureinstallations/expansions. The control system and instrumentation shall in generalcomply with the general specification.承包商應設計、供應、安裝、調詴和維修完整的BMS系統。

說明書的此節詳細說明承包工程此部分所包括的建築設備系統的能源管理系統，及承包工程其他部分所包括的服務接口，比如電梯安裝和待安裝、拓展的系統接口和服務。

總體上，控制系統和測詴設備應符合總技術說明。

1.1.1 Design Requirements設計要求The Contractor shall be responsible for the design, installation and selection ofequipment and components, including the matching of components to ensure thesystem comply with the specified performance requirements.承包商應負責設備和配件的設計、安裝和選擇，包括配件的搭配，以確保系統符合指定性能要求。

工程术语与缩写Terminology and Abbreviation1. 一般术语与缩写General Terms and Abbreviation英文全名或定义FULL NAME OR DEFINITION 中文意义CHINESE MEANING 缩写ABBRAirport Height Restriction 机场高度限建As-built Drawings 竣工图Assignment 转让/ 分配/ 处理(视文意而定) Baseline Criteria 基本准则Baseline Development 基本发展Baseline Programme 基本计划(进度)Building Services General Consultants 建筑设计总顾问Certificate of Substantial Completion 实质完工证明Commencement Date 开工日Competitive Tender 竞标Concession Period 特许期间Conciliation Procedures 调解程序Confidentiality Affidavit 保密切结书Configuration Control Board 型态控制委员会Configuration Management 型态管理Consortium 财团/ 企业联盟/ 共同融资财团Construction Detail Drawing 细部施工图Construction Restriction 限建Contract Management 契约管理Critical Item 紧要项目/ 关键项目Critical Land Issue 关键用地问题Cycle Time 工作循环周期Defects Correction Certificate 缺点改正签证Designer 设计者(单位)Discovery Period / Warranty Period 保固期Driving Simulator 驾驶模拟机E&M Design Criteria 机电设计准则E-mail (e-mail) 电子信箱(件) / 电子通信Equipment 设备Executive Summary 执行摘要Fabrication Drawing 工厂施工制造图Force Majeure 不可抗力General Consultants 总顾问Grace Period 宽限期Handover 移交/ 验收Information Center / Information Desk 信息中心/ 服务台Initial Planning Criteria 初步规划准则Key Equipment(Plants) 主要设备Key Milestone 主时程碑Key date 关键日Key Issue 主要问题/ 关键事件Know how 专业知识Lead Inspector 监工领班Main Guideway Piers 主结构桥墩No objection 不反对Noise barrier 隔音墙Non Collusion Affidavit 不围标切结书Parameter 参数/ 变数Particular Specification 特订条款Patent Rights 专利权Planimetric features 地貌/ 地形特征Planning 规划/ 企划Project Control 计划控制/ 项目控管Project Manager 计划经理Request For Proposal 工作计划(建议书)提报River Administration Rules 河川管理规则River Crossing Permit 河川使用许可River Land using Permit 河川地使用许可Road Diversion 道路改道Rolling Program 承包商之执行时程表/ 承包商之运作计划Rolling Stock / Trainset 车辆/ 列车组Selection Committee 甄审委员会Shop Drawing 施工图Short Form Contract 简式契约Sign-off 签字/ 签核Special Measures 特殊措施Station Zone Master plan 站区整体计划Subcontractor 分包商Take Over 接管Test Line 试车线Third Party 第三者/ 第三人Ticket Barrier 验票口Tracking mechanisms 追踪机制Transits 运输Trend Report 趋势报告UP 向上Water Channel Diversion 水路改道Work Specification 工作规范Working Drawing 工作图Abbreviation 缩写ABBRAgreement / Contract Agreement 契约书/ 协议书As Low As Reasonably Practicable 合理而可行的降低ALARPAlignment Drawing 路线图Advance Loss of Profit 预估利润损失ALOPAdvance Loss of Revenue 预估收益损失ALORApplicable Law 相关法规Approved Sub-contractor 核准分包商Approximate 近似APPROXAlternative Risk Transfer 另类风险移转方式ARTAutomatic Train Control System 列车自动控制系统A TCSAuxiliary 辅助AUXBetween 之间BETBuilding 建筑物BLDGBudget Management 预算管理BMBiologic Oxygen Demand 生化需氧量BODBuild Operate Transfer 兴建营运移转BOTBureau of Taiwan High Speed Rail 交通部高速铁路工程局/ 高铁局BOTHSR British Standard 英国国家标准BSBaseline Status Report 基本状态报告BSRBusiness Development Land 事业发展用地Construction and Operation greement; 兴建营运契约C&OAComputer Aided Drafting and Design 计算机绘图CADDConstruction All Risks Insurance 营造综合保险CARConstruction Contract 施工契约CCCenter to Center 中心到中心C-CCarbonic Copy 副本抄知/ 副知cc.Contract Change Order 契约变更通知CCOContract Document Requirement List 契约资料要求表CDRLCoordination Engineer 协调工程师CECurrent Forecast 当前预测CFCritical Item Action Report 紧要项目处理报告CIARContractor’s Independent C hecking Engineer. 承包商独立查核(工程师)单位CICECivil Works 土木工程(工作)Configuration Management Change Control 型态管理变更CMCCCritical Path Method 要径法CMcmPThe Concession Company 特许公司Con CoConstruction Drawing 施工构造图Construction Specification 施工规范Consultancy Agreement 顾问契约Consultants 顾问/ 顾问公司Contingency 预备金Contract Joint 契约交接点Contract 契约Contract Sum 契约金额Contract Price 契约价格Contractor 承包商Contractor’s Equipment承包商机具设备Contractor’s Representative承包商代表Contractor’s Submission承包商提送文件Core Systesm 核心系统CoreCore System Contract (Contractor) 核心系统契约(承包商)Core programme 核心计划CPConsultants Project Manager 顾问公司计划经理CPMChange Request 变更申请CRCombined Services Drawing 综合服务图CSDChairman , Tender Board 招标委员会主席CTBDesign and Build 设计建造（契约） D & BDispute Adjudication Board 争议裁判委员会DABDesign Coordinator 设计协调工程师DCDetailed Design Consultants 细部设计顾问DDCDrop Dead Dates 招标文件修订终止日DDDDefects Correction Period 缺点改正期Department 部门DEPTDeputy Employer Representative 副业主代表DERDesign Drawings 设计图Design Review 设计审核Design Specification 设计规范Design Unit 设计单元Detail 详细DETDimension 尺寸DIMDirective Drawing 指导图Down 向下DNDeputy Project Director 计划副主持人DPDDevelopment Steering Committee 发展指导委员会(董事会) DSC Delay in Start Up (Insurance) 延迟启用(保险) DSUDummy Change Order 非正式工作变更通知East 东 EElectrical and Mechanical 机电E&MEnvironmental Control System 环境控制系统ECSExisting Ground Level 现有地面高程EGLEnvironmental Impact Assessment 环境影响评估EIA Emergency 紧急EMERGEmployer 业主Employer’s Requirements业主要求Employer’s Specification业主规范Encouragement Statute 奖励民间参与交通建设条例/ 奖参条例Expression of Interest 意愿书EOIEngineering Procurement Construction 工程采购施工EPCEquivalent 同等EQEmployer’s Representative 业主代表EREach Way 各方面EWExcepted Risks 除外风险Existing 现况EXISTExpansion 膨胀EXPExternal Interface 外部界面Final Employer Acceptance 业主最后同意书(完工证明) FEAFinancial Institutions (consortium) 财务联盟(财团)Freeway 高速公路FWYGeneral Conditions of Contract 契约一般条款GCCGeneral Arrangement Drawing 一般配置图Geographic Information System 地理信息系统GISGround Level 地面高程/ 地基高程GLGuideway 高速铁路主结构Height 高HHigh Density 高密度HDHorizontal 水平/横向HORHour 时HRHighway 公路HWYInterface Management 界面管理Interface Action Form 界面工作表IAFInsurance Broker Consortium 保险经纪联盟IBCIndependent Checking Engineer 独立查核(工程师)单位ICEInterface Coordination Work Group 界面协调工作小组ICWG Identification / Inside Diameter 识别/ 内径IDIndependent Engineer 独立稽查工程师（单位）IEInterface Engineer 界面工程师IEInformation 资料/ 问讯台INFOIn Place 现场INSITUIntellectual Property Rights 智慧财产权Interface 界面Interface Action List 界面工作执行表Interface Action Report 界面工作执行报告Interface Control 界面控制Interface Control Drawing 界面控制图Internal Interface 内部界面Independent Site Engineer 独立监造(工程师)单位ISEInstructions To Tenderers 投标须知ITTIndependent Verification and Validation 独立查验及认证IV&VJunior Engineer / Site Engineer / Office ngineer 工地工程师/ 内业工程师JE Joint Venture 合资(联合承揽) JVKey Person 主要人员Key Issue Action Report 关键事件处理报告KIARLetter of Credit 信用状L / CLegal Adviser 法律顾问LALand Lease Contract 土地出租契约Land Use Contract 用地契约Local Condition 本地条款LCLife Cycle Cost 寿命周期成本LCCLiquidation Damages 损害赔偿金LDsAverage Noise Levels / Equivalent Continuous Sound Level 均能音量Leq Left Hand 左边LHLocal Road 县乡道LRMain Station 主站M / SMajor Temporary Work 主要临时工程Master Schedule 主计划时程Middle Capacity Transportation 中运量运输系统MCTMethod Statement on Construction 工法Manager 经理MgrMilestone 时程碑Milestone Certificate 时程碑签证Management Information System 信息管理系统MISMiscellaneous 杂项MISCMiscellaneous 零星/ 杂项MISCMaster Interface Table 主界面表MITMean Kilometer Between Failure 平均故障公里数MKMkmBFMatch Line 衔接线/ 接图线MLMaintenance Man Hour 维修人时MMmmHMontreal Protocol 蒙特娄议定书Memorandum Of Understanding 备忘录MOUMonthly Progress Report 月进度报告MPRMass Rapid Transit 大众捷运MRTMaterials Technician 材试监工员MTMean Time Between Failure 平均故障间隔时间MTBFMetal 金属MTLMean Time To Repair 平均修复时间MTTRNorth 北NNot Applicable 不适用NANot Included / Not In Contract 不包括/ 不含于契约内NICNational Information Infrastructure 国家信息基础建设NIINotice Of Award 决标通知书NOANew Taiwan Dollar 新台币NT$Notice To Proceed 开工通知书NTPNot To Scale 未按比例(Not In Scale) NTSOperations and Maintenance 营运及维修/ 营运养护O&MOperation and Maintenance Cost 营运维修成本O＆MCOperation Center 营运中心OCOwner’s Controlled Insurance Program 业主主控保险OCIPOwner / Employer 业主Precast Concrete 预铸混凝土PCCProject Coordination Office 计划协调单位PCOPrice Center Values 计价中心值PCVProgramme Engineer / Professional Engineer 进度控制工程师/ 专业工程师PE Permanent Works 永久工作(工程) / 主体工程Price Evaluation Team 标价评审小组PETPrevious Forecast 过去预测PFProfessional Consultants Management 专业顾问管理PCMcmProfessional Indemnity Insurance 专业责任保险Project Management Group 计划管理小组PMGProject Management Organization 计划管理机构(组织) PMOPre-Qualification 资格预审PQPrice Center 计价中心Price Center Value 计价中心值Pricing Document 标单/ 详细价目表Prime Cost Item 预置款项Professional Engineer 专业工程师Project / The Project 计划/ 本计划Provisional Sum 预留款Principal Station 主站PSPolyvinyl Chloride 塑料PVCQuality Assurance Plan / Quality Control Plan, 质量保证计划/ 质量管理计划QA/QCQuality Evaluation Board 质量评审委员会QEBQuality Evaluation Team 质量评审小组QETQuality Plan 品管计划Quantity Surveyer 数量控制员QSReinsurance 再保险R / IRepublic of China 中华民国R.O.CReliability / Availability / Maintainability / Logistics Support 可靠度/ 可用度/ 维修度/ 后勤支援RAMLRoad 道路RDResident Engineer .驻地工程师/ 工地主任REReference 参考/ 依据REFRequired / Requirement 需求/ 要求REQDRetention Money 保留款Revision 修正REVRequest for Prequalifications 厂商征选通知RFPRequest For Proposal 服务建议书征选RFPRequest for Tenders 邀标(书) RFTRegional Office 地区工程部RORight of Way 路权ROWROW Drawing 路权图Rail Road 铁路RRSouth 南向SSafety Plan 安全计划Special Conditions of Contract 契约特别条款SCCSchedule of Milestones 时程碑计划Schedule of Prices 计价资料(表)Schedule of Rate 付款计划Scope of Works 工作范围Section Engineer 段长SESection 断面SECTSection 分段工作Site 工地Statement of Qualification 资格评审表SOQSpecial Purpose Company 特殊任务公司SPCSquare 方形/ 平方/ 正方/ 广场SQSuspended Solid / System Safety / Schedule of Section 悬浮固体/ 系统安全/ 分段计划表SSStandard drawing 标准图Station Special District 车站特定区Station Zone 车站用地/ 站区用地Symbol 图例SYMSystem 系统SYSTop / Telephone 顶/ 电话TTender Board 招标委员会TBTender Coordination Group 契约文件协调小组TCGTender Coordination Office 契约文件统合单位TCOTraffic Control System 交通控制系统TCSTechnical Document Files 技术文件档TDFTelephone 电话TELTemporary Works 临时工作(工程)Means the Tundra’s return of the RFT.投标文件Tender Polytetrafluorethyene 特弗龙TFETechnical Impact Assessment 技术影响评估TIATangible Net Worth 资产净值TNWTerms of Reference 服务范畴说明条款/ 依据条款TORThird Party Liability 第三人(者)责任险TPLTaiwan Railroad Administration Bureau 台湾铁路管理局(铁路局) TRATrack Work 轨道工作/ 轨道工程Transportation Infrastructure Land 转运联营用地Total Suspended Particle 总悬浮微粒量TSPTurnkey 统包Typical 标准型式/ 制式TYPUniform Building Code (美国)建筑标准规则UBCInternational Union of Railways Codes 国际铁路规则UICUnless Noted Otherwise 除非另有规定UNOVariable 可变V ARValue Engineering 价值工程VEWest 西WWith 含…及…W /Without 不含W / OWork Breakdown Structure 分工组织架构WBSWorkforce (Manpower) 人力资源WFWorking Limit 工作范围WLWorks 工作(工程)Working Point 工作点WPWalkway 人行道WWCompensation for Demolition and Relocation of Buildings 建筑物拆迁补偿Easement 地役权Equalization of Land Rights Act 平均地权条例Joint Development 联合开发Land Expropriation 土地征收Land Law 土地法Land Leasing 土地租用Public Land Appropriation 公地拨用Superficies on Land 设定地上权Urban Land Consolidation 市地重划Urban Planning Act 都市计划法Water and Soil Conservation 水土保持Zone Expropriation 区段征收2. 土木Civil Works英文全名或定义FULL NAME OR DEFINITION 中文意义CHINESE MEANING 缩写ABBRAbove Ground 地面上AGAbutment 桥台ABUTAcceptance Quality Level 可接受质量水平AQLAcoustical 隔音ACOUSAdit 隧道横坑Advanced Shoring Method 支撑先进工法ASMAggregate Subgrade 级配料基层ASRAllowable Compressive Strength of Concrete 混凝土容许抗压强度Fc AllowableTensile Stress of Steel 钢材容许应力FsAlternative 交错/ 排列/ 替代ALTAluminum 铝ALUMAnchor Bolt 锚栓ABAsbestos Concrete Pipe 石棉管ACPAsphalt Concrete 沥青混凝土ACAt Grade 地面段 A / GAzimuth 方位角AZBalanced Cantilever Mothed 悬臂工法BCMcmBasement 地下室BSMTBeam 梁BMBearing 支承BRGBeginning of simple Circular Curve 单曲线起点BCBeginning of Vertical Curve 竖曲线起点BVCBench 台阶 BBench Mark 水平标准点/ 水平点BMBent 弯BTBottom 底(层) BOTBottom of Footing 基础底面BOFBoundary Line 边界线BLBox Culvert 箱涵BOXCadaster Map 地籍图CMcmCast In Place Concrete 场铸混凝土CIPCCast Iron 铸铁CICast Iron Pipe 铸铁管CIPCast-iron Pipe 铸铁管CIPCatch Basin 阴井CBCenter Line 中心线CLCenter of Gravity of Pre-stressing Tendons 预力钢键坐标(重心) CGS Center To Center 中心距CTCChainage 测炼/ 里程CHCivil design Criteria 土木设计准则Civil Engineering 土木工程CEClearance 净空CLClearance Line 净空线CLLClothoid 克罗梭曲线Column 柱COLColumn Tie-bar 柱箍筋CTCompressive Strength of Concrete 混凝土抗压强度Fc’Concrete 混凝土CONCConcrete Grouted Rock 混凝土砌卵石CGR.Concrete Masonry Unit 混凝土砖CMcmUConcrete Molded Unit 混凝土空心砖CMcmUConstruction Joint 施工缝/ 收缩缝CONST , JTContinue 继续CONTControl Joint / Construction Joint 控制缝/ 施工缝CJCorridor 通路/ 走廊CORRCross Heading 横坑（隧道）CHCross-Road 交叉路 C / RCurtain Wall 帷幕墙CWCut and Cover 明挖覆盖C&CCut and Cover Method 明挖覆盖工法CCMcmCombined Services Drawings 综合服务图CSDDesign,Construction and Function Test 设计施工测试(统包) DCFTDead Load 呆重/ 静重DLDesigned Ground Level 设计地面高程DGLDiameter 直径DIADowel 预留钢筋DWLDelivery Route Drawings 提报路径图DRDDrill and Blow 钻炸法D&BEach 每个EAEnvironmental Impact Assessment Rpt. 环境影响评估报告EIAEach Way 双向EWEarth Pressure Cell 土压计EPElevation 高程ELElevation(Height) 立面ELElevation(View) 立视ELEVEmbedded Plate 预埋底板EMB.PLEqual Space 等距EQExcavation 开挖EXCExhaust 排气EXHExisting Ground Level 现地高程EGLExisting Top of Pavement 现有铺面顶ETPExpansion Joint 伸缩缝EJFar Face 远侧面FFFault 断层 FFiber Glass Reinforced Concrete 强化玻璃纤维混凝土FRCFinished Floor Level 楼板地面完成高程FFLFinished Ground Level 地面完成面高程FGLFixed Point / Fix End 固定点/ 固定端 FFloor Drainage 地板落水/ 地板排水FDFooting 基脚FTGFoundation 基础FDNFull Span Precast Launching Method 全跨预铸推进工法FPLMFull Span Supporting Method / Full Staging Method 就地支撑场铸工法/全跨支撑工法FSMFull Superelevation 全超高Function Test 功能测试Galvanized 镀锌GALVGalvanized Iron Pipe 镀锌铁管GIPGauge 轨距/ 板厚GAGeological Map 地质图Geological Time Schedule 地质时间表Glassfiber Reinforced Concrete 玻璃纤维强化混凝土GRC Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GPSGround 地面GGround Level 地面高程/ 地基高程GLGround Water Level 地下水位GWLGuided Expansion Bearing 导向伸缩支承GEB Handhole 手孔HHHeel of Crossing 横断面交趾点HCHeight of Water 水深HWHigh Point 高点HPHigh Strength Bolt 强力螺栓HSBHigh Tension Strand 高拉力钢索HTSHigh Tension Wire 高拉力钢线HTWHigh Water Level 高水位HWLHighest High Water Level 最高洪水位HHWLHinged 铰支HGHorizontal Intersection Point 平面交叉点HIP Horizontal Line 水平线HLHydraulic Piezometer 水压计HYPIn Place Inclinometer 倾钭计IPIInlet 进水井INLInner Face 内面IFInside Diameter 管内径IDInterface Demarcation Drawings 界面区分图IDD Intersection Point 交连点IPInvert 仰拱Invert Elevation 仰拱高IEInvert Level 仰拱面高程ILJoint 接缝JTKnock Out 预留开口(孔) KOLean Concrete 低强度混凝土LCLength of Circular Curve 曲线长LCCLength of Spiral 缓和曲线长LSLength of Vertical Curve 竖曲线长LVCLive Load 活载重LLLoad Cell 荷重计LoCLow Point 低点LPLower Water Level 低水位LWLManhole 人孔MHMark 记号MKMean Sea Level 平均海平面MSLMean Water Level 平均水位MWLMiddle of Vertical Curve 竖曲线中点MVCMinimum Yield Stress of Steel 钢材最低降伏应力强度Fy Movable Scaffolding System 逐跨场铸工法/ 活动支撑系统MSS Near Face 近侧面NFNew Austrian Tunnelling Method 新奥工法NATMNon-Guided Expansion Bearing 非导向伸缩支承NGEBNormal Water Level 常水位NWLNorth 北NObservation Well 观测井OWOffset 支距OFSOn Center 中心点OCOpening 开孔OPNGOpposite 反向OPPOriginal Ground Line 原地面线OGLOut Side Face / Outer Face 外侧面OFOutside Diameter 外径ODPedestrian Bridge 人行桥PED BRIGPedestrian Underpass 人行地下道PED U / PPerpendicular 垂直PERPPile Cut Off 桩头打除PCOPlain Concrete 无筋混凝土PCPoint 点PTPoint of Contra-flexure 挠曲点CFPoint of Curve to Curve 曲线连结点CCPoint of Curve to Spiral / Cutting Slope 缓曲线起点/ 开挖坡面CS Point of Curve to Tangent / Cable Trough 切线点/ 电缆槽CT Point of Intersection 交错点PIPoint of Spiral to Curve 缓和曲线交点SCPoint of Tangent to Curve 切线交点TCPoint of Tangent to Spiral 切线缓和曲线交点TSPoint of Tangent to Tangent 切线与切线交点TTPoint of Vertical Intersection 竖曲线交点PVIPrecast Reinforced Concrete 预铸钢筋混凝土PRXPrecast Segmental Method 预铸节块工法PSMPressure Gauge 压力计PGPrestressed Concrete 预力混凝土PSCPrestressed Concrete Pipe 预力混凝土管PSCPPre-stressed Concrete / Process Control 预力混凝土/ 制程管控PC Process Quality Control 制程品管PQCProfile Grade 纵坡PGProfile Grade Line 纵坡线PGLProjection 投影图PROJProperty Line 地界线PLPVC Pipe 塑料管PVCPRain Water Down-Pipe 雨水落水管RWDPRandom Number 随机函数RNRandom Sampling 随机抽样法RSReference Line 参考线RLReinforced Concrete 钢筋混凝土RCReinforced Concrete Box 钢筋混凝土箱涵RCBReinforced Concrete Wall 钢筋混凝土墙RCWReinforcement 钢筋REINFReinforcing Bar Strain Gauge 钢筋应变计RGReject Number 拒收数RNRetaining Wall 挡土墙RWReverse Circulation Pile / Reinforced Concrete Pipe 反循环(基)椿/ 钢筋混凝土管RCPRight Of Way 路权ROWRiser / Radius 阶梯踏高/半径RRock Bolt 岩锚RBRock Quality Directive 岩石品质指导RQDRoller 滚动支承RRSampling Inspection 抽样检验SISchedule 时程SCHSea Level 海平面S / LSelection 选择SELSequential excavation and support 连续开挖及支撑SESSetting Out Point 定位点SOPSettlement Marker 沉陷计SMSettlement Rod 沉陷杆桩SRShotcrete 喷凝土SHCShoulder 路肩SHLDSingle 单一SGLSlope / Scale 坡度/ 比例SSound Barrier 隔音墙SBSpacing 间距SPASpecification 规范SPECSpiral / Steel Pipe 螺筋/ 钢管SPSquare 广场SQStainless Steel 不锈钢SSStainless Steel Pipe 不锈钢管SSPStairs/ Straight 楼梯/直通STRStation 测站/ 桩号/ 车站STASteel 钢STLSteel Reinforced Concrete 钢骨钢筋混凝土SRCSteel Reinforced Concrete / Structure Reinforced Concrete 钢骨混凝土/ 结构混凝土SRCStirrup 箍筋STIRStorage 贮藏STORStrain Transducer 应变感应计STTStructural Electrical and Mechanical Drawings 结构机电图SEM Structural Floor Level 结构楼版面SFLSuper Elevation / Structure Engineering 超高/ 结构工程SE Suspended 悬吊SUSPSymmetrical 对称的/ 匀称的SYMSystematic Random Sampling 系统随机抽样法SRS Temporary Invert 临时仰拱TIThickness 厚THKTiltmeter 倾斜计TITop Height 上半断面THTop of Concrete 混凝土顶面TOCTop of Grout 灌浆顶面TOGTop of Rail 轨道顶T/RTopography 地形图TOPOTransverse 横向TRANTunnel Boring Machine 全断面隧道钻掘机TBMTurning Point 转点TPUnapparent Section 隐藏段面USUnder Drain 下水道UDUnder Ground 地下U / GUtilities 公共管线/ 公共设施UTVehicular Bridge 车行桥VEH BRIGVehicular Underpass 车行地下道VEH U / PVentilation 通风VENTVertical 垂直VERTVibrating Rod 振动杆VRVibrating Wire Strain Gauge 振动应变计VGV olume 册/ 量VOLWalkway 走道WWWarm up Point 起动点WPWarning Water Level 警戒水位WWLWater Cement Ratio 水灰比W / CWater Level 水位/ 水平面WLWater Surface 水面WSWeight 重量WTWelded Wire Fabric 熔接钢丝网WWFWest / Width 西/ 宽度WWindow / Water Supply 窗/ 自来水WWood 木料WDWorking Point 参考点WP3. 建筑Architecture英文全名或定义FULL NAME OR DEFINITION 中文意义CHINESE MEANING 缩写ABBRArchitecture / Engineering Consultants 建筑/ 工程顾问AEC Above Finished Floor 完成楼地板以上AFFAbove Finished Grade 完成地面线以上AFGAbove Suspended Ceiling 悬吊天花板以上ASCAccess Door 进出门ADAccess Floor 进出楼层AFAccess Panel 进出区间APAcoustical Insulation 隔音Acoustical Panel 隔音板Acoustical Plaster 隔音粉刷Acoustical Tile 隔音砖Acoustical Wall 隔音墙Air Tight Door 气密门ATDAir Vent 通风AV工程师/Architect / Engineer 建筑师 A / EArea Drain 区域排水ADAutomatic Door Closer 自动关门器ADCAutomatic Door Seal 自动密封门ADSAvenue 林荫道AVE/大道Back of Curb 缘石背面BCBack to Back 背至背 B / BBase Line 底层线BLBasement 2 地下二层B2Bathroom 浴室 BBelow Ceiling 天花板以下Below Finish Floor 楼板完成面以下Block 街区BLKBoth Faces 双面BFBoth Sides 双侧/ 两侧BSBoth Ways 双向BWBottom Face 底面BFBrick 砖BRKBuilding Syst. General Engr. Consultant 建筑系统总顾问BSGEC Build Up 加盖BUBuilding 大楼/ 建筑物BLDGCabinet 室/ 厨/ 箱/ 衣橱CABCarpet 地毯CARPCast Stone 人造石CSCatalog 商品型录CATCatch Basin 沉砂井CBCeiling 天花板CLGCeiling Diffuser 天花板出风口Ceiling register 天花板调温器Ceramic Tile 瓷砖Class Room 教室Cleanout 清洁口COCloset 壁橱/ 盥洗室Co - Construction 共站共构Column Line 柱基线CLL Compartment 隔间Concrete Sewer Pipe 混凝土污水管CSP Concrete Splash Block 混凝土饰板CSB Conference 会议室CONF Construction Joint 建筑缝CJCorner Bead 隅饰CBCorner Guard 护角CDCorridor 走廊CORRCover Plate 盖板COV. PLCurb and Gutter 缘石及边沟C&G Diaphram Wall 连续壁DWDining Room 餐厅DRDoor Louver 门百叶DLVDoor Opening 门开口DOPDoor Stop 门止DSPDouble Glazing 双面透光DGDouble Joist 屋面迭梁DJDove Tail 榫头/ 笋头DVTLDumb Waiter 送菜升降机DWTRDust Tight 防尘DTEach Face 各面EFEach Side 每边ESEach Way 各方面EWElbow 弯管ELBElevator 电梯/ 升降机ELEmergency Shower 消防洒水口Enamal 瓷漆Enclosure 围墙（篱）ENCLEnd of Platform 月台终端EOP Entrance 进口/ 入口ENTEscalator 电扶梯ESCLExhaust 排气EXHExisting Grade 既有坡面Explosion Proof 防爆Exterior 室外/ 外侧EXTFace of Finish 完成面FOFFace of Masonry 砌砖面FOMFace to Face 面对面 F / FFar Side 远侧面FSFiberglass 纤维玻璃FGLFinish Floor 完成楼板面FIN FLFinish Grade 完成坡面FIN GRFinish / Finished 粉刷/ 完成FINFire Blanket 防火毯FBFire Department Connection 消防局联机FDC Fire Extinguisher 灭火器FEXTFire Hose Cabinet 消防软管箱FHCFire Hydrant 消防栓FHYFire Hydrant Cabinet 消防箱FHCFire Rating 防火率（等级）FR Fireproofing 防火FPRFFirst Basement 地下一层B1First Floor 一楼1FFitting 管接头FTGFixture 器具/ 灯具FXTRFlange 凸缘FLGFlash 盖板/ 遮雨板Flashing 雨遮板FLHFloding 折迭FLDGFloor 楼板(层)Floor Cleanout 落地清洁口FCOFloor Drain 楼地板排水FDFloor Finish 楼板完成面FL FINFloor Register 楼层调温器FL REGFrame （门/ 窗）框FRFramed Mirror 有框镜面FR MIRFrom Floor Above 楼板面以上FFAFrom Floor Below 楼板面以下FFBFull Height Partition 全高隔墙FHPFull Size 实量尺寸FSFurniture 装潢FURRGlass Block 玻璃砖GL BLKGlue Laminated 自黏式金属箔Grade Line 坡面线GR LNGranite Precast 人造花岗石GPCGypsum 石棉/ 石膏板GYPGypsum Board 石绵板/ 石膏板GVP BDHand Dryer 烘手器HDHand Rail 扶手HRHanger 挂钩HGRHeat Absorbing Glass 吸热玻璃HAGLHeat, Ventilation, Air Condition 通风空调HVACHollow Concrete Masonry Unit 镂空水泥砖HCMcmUHollow Metal Door 镂空金属门HMDIllumination 照明（亮）ILLUMIncinerator 焚化炉INCINInsulated Panel 隔板Kick Plate 踢脚板KPLKitchen 厨房KITLaboratory 试验室LABLadder 梯子LADLaundry 洗衣间LAULavatory 盥洗室/ 洗手间LAVLawn Sprinkling 草坪洒水LSLight Panel 亮光嵌板Lightweight Concrete Masonry Unit 轻质混凝土砖LCMcmULihgt Proof 遮光/ 防光LPLinear Ceiling Diffuser 条形天花板出风口LCDLocker Room 衣帽间LKR RMLouver 百叶LVRLouvered Roof Vent 百叶式屋顶通风LRVMachine Room 机械间Marble 大理石MARBMasonry 砌砖/ 圬工MASMasonry Opening 砌砖开孔MOMedicine Cabinet 药柜MCMetal Lath 金属条MLMirror 镜面MIRMirror Finish 镜面粉刷MFMolding 金属模/ 模铸Mop Service Basin 拖把盆MSBMounument 纪念碑（柱）MONNameplate 名牌NPLNoise Criteria 噪音准则NCNoise Reduction Coefficient 噪音减低系数NRCNormally Closed 经常关闭NCNormally Open 经常打开NOOutside Air Damper 室外空气加温机OADOutside Face 外侧面OFOwner Furnished Contractor Installed 业主提供装潢, 承包商安装OFCI Owner Furnished Owner Installed 业主提供装潢, 业主自行安装OFOIPaint 油漆PNTPartition 隔间Perspective 透视Platform 月台PLATPlumbing 管路/ 管线PLBGPole 旗杆PPower Roof Ventilation 电动屋顶通风PRVProject Control Board 计划控管委员会PCB Property Line 产权线PLRail Level 轨道高程RALRelative Humidity 相对湿度RHRoof 屋顶RFRoof Drainage 屋顶排水RDRoof Ventilator 屋顶抽风机RVRoofing 屋顶RFGRoom 房间RMRoller Shutter Door 铁卷门RSDSanitary Napkin Dispenser 卫生纸架SND Sanitary Napkin Receptacle 卫生纸收集箱SNR Sanitary Napkin Vending 卫生纸贩卖机SNV Sanitary Pipe 卫生管SPSanitary Sewer 卫生下水道SSSanitary Vent 卫生间通风SVSecond Basement 地下二层B2Second Floor 二楼2FShower 淋浴SHRSidewalk 人行道SWSoap Dispenser 肥皂架SDSolid Concrete Masonry Unit 实心水泥砖SCMcmU Sprinkler 喷雾器/ 洒水器Square 广场SQStation 车站STAStation Area 车站用地Station Control Room 车站控制室SCRStation Design Criteria 车站设计准则Station Reserved Area 车站保留区Station Special District 车站特定区Station Zone 站区用地Station Zone Development plan 站区开发计划Station Zone Master plan 站区整体计划Storage 储藏室STORStorm Drain 暴雨排水SDSurrounding Ground 外围地面SGSuspended Ceiling 悬吊式天花板Symmetrical 对称SYMMmmTerrazzo 磨石子TERRToilet Paper Holder 卫生纸架TPHTop and Bottom 顶层及底层T&BTop of Finish Floor 楼板完成顶面TFFTop of footing 基础顶面TFTop of Wall 墙顶TWTowel Bar 毛巾架TBUnder Floor Duct 楼板下管道UFDUrinal 小便器URUtility Set 管线设施USVinyl Composition Tile 合成地砖VCTVinyl Faced Acoustic Tile 塑料面隔音砖VFAT Vinyl Tile 塑料地砖VTVinyl Wall Covering 塑料墙面处理VWCWall Cleanout 墙面清洁口WCOWall Hung 墙挂WHWall Hydrant 墙式消防栓WHWall Line 墙面线WLWall Louver and Screen 墙面百叶及纱窗WLS Wall to Wall 墙至墙W / WWaste Disposer 废物处理机WDSPWaste Receptacle 废物篓WRWater Closet 抽水马桶/ 洗手间WCWater Proofing 防水WPWaterproof Membrane 防水膜Yard Cleanout 庭院清洁口YCOYard Drain 庭院排水YDYard Hydrant 庭院消防栓YH4. 机电Electrical and Mechanical英文全名或定义FULL NAME OR DEFINITION 中文意义CHINESE MEANING 缩写ABBRA dB referred to one millivolt V 毫伏分贝dBmV A dB reffered to one milliwatt W 毫瓦分贝dBmw Adjustable 可调式ADJAir Circuit Breaker 空气断路器无熔线断路器ACB Alternating Current 交流电流ACAluminum 铝ALAmerican Wire Gage 美国线规AWGAmmeter Switch 安培A 计开关ASAmmeter / Amplitude Modulation 安培A 表/ 调幅AMAmpere Hour 安培A 小时AhAmpere / Amps 安培A AAmplifier 增幅器AMPLAnnounciator 警报器ANNAntenna 天线ANTAudio / Audio Frequency 音频AUDAuto Transformer 自耦变压器AUTOTRAutomatic 自动AUTOAutomatic Frequency Control /Automatic Fare Collection 自动频率控制／自动收费AFCAutomatic Transfer Switch 自动切换开关ATSAverage 平均AVGBack Ground Music 背景音乐BGMBasic Insulation Level 基本绝缘位准BILBattery 电池BATBattery Charger 电池充电机BATCHGBinary Coded Decimal 二进码十进制BCDBulk Substation 主变电站BSSCabinet 配电箱CABCable 电缆CACable Tray 电缆架CTYCamera / Cooling Auxmeter 摄影机/ 空调辅助电表CAMCapacitor / Capacitance 电容器/ 电容CAPCategory 种类CATCathode Ray Tube 阴极射线管CRTCenter 中心CTRCentimeter 公分CMcm / cmCentral Control Room 中央控制室/ 行车控制室CCRCentral Master Clock 主定时器CMcmCCentral Processor Unit 中央处理CPUCentral Supervisory and Remote Control 中央监控CSRCChannel 频道CHCircuit 电路/ 回路CKTCircuit Breaker 无熔线断路器CBClock 定时器/ 时钟CLKClock System 计时系统CKClosed Circuit Television 闭路电视CCTVCoaxial 同轴COAXColumn 圆柱COLCombined Distribution Frame 综合配线架CDFCommunications 通讯COMMmmCommunications Equipment 通讯设备CEComputer 计算机CMcmPTRConductor 导线CONDConduit 导线管 CConnector / Connection 接头/ 连接CONNControl 控制CTLControl Power Transformer 控制电源变压器CPTControl Relay 控制电译CRControl Switch 控制开关CSConvergence Plug 聚合插座CPCopper 铜CUCross Linked Polyethylene 交连聚氯乙烯XLPECurrent Transformer 比流器CTData Display Terminal 数据显示终端机DDTData Distribution Controller 数据分配控制器DDCData Gathering Processor 数据收集处理机DGPDecibel 分贝dBDemand Factor 需量因素 D / FDemand Meter 需量表DMDigit Telephone System 数字电话系统DTSDigital Display 数字显示DDDigital To Analog Converter 数字模拟转换器 D / ADirect Current 直流DCDirectorate General of Telecommunications 电信总局DGT Disconnect 分开/ 不接DISCDisconnect Switch 隔离开关DSDistribution 分布/ 分配DISTRDistribution Amplifier 分散放大器DADiversity Factor 参差因子DIVDouble Pole 双极DPDouble Pole Double Throw 双极双投DPDTDouble Pole Single Throw 双极单投DPSTDouble Throw 双投DTDraw Out 抽出DODust Tight 防尘DTGEach 每一EAElectric 电气ELECElectric Multiple Unit 电联车组EMUElectrical Metallic Tubing 金属电导管EMTElectromagnetic Interference 电磁干扰EMIElectronic Distance Measurement 电子测距EDMElevator 电梯ELVEmergency 紧急 EEmergency Telephone / Elapse Time 紧急电话/ 经过时间ET Empty Conduit 空导管ECEnclosure 箱体ENCL。

Faculty: Science Technology and Creative Arts School of Creative ArtsTitle of Programme: MA Art and DesignProgramme Code: CCMADProgramme SpecificationStart Date: September 2010Date of Approval: 20 May 2010Associate Dean (Academic Quality): PETROS KHOUDIAN SignatureProgramme Specification MA Art and DesignThis programme specification (PS) is designed for prospective students, enrolled students, academic staff and potential employers. It provides a concise summary of the main features of the programme and the intended learning outcomes that a typical student might reasonably be expected to achieve and demonstrate if he/she takes full advantage of the learning opportunities that are provided. More detailed information on the teaching, learning and assessment methods, learning outcomes and content for each module can be found in Definitive Module Documents (DMDs) and Module Guides.Section 1Awarding Institution/Body University of HertfordshireTeaching Institution University of HertfordshireUniversity/partner campuses College LaneProgramme accredited by Not applicableFinal Award Master of Arts / Postgraduate Diploma / Postgraduate CertificateAll Final Award titles 1. Applied Arts2. Contemporary Textiles3. Fashion4. Fine Art5. Graphic Design6. Illustration7. Interior and Spatial Design8. Product DesignFHEQ level of award Masters (7)A. Programme RationalePost Graduate Studies at the School of Creative ArtsCentral to the Post Graduate provision at the School of Creative Arts is the belief that the critical and theoretical concerns of contemporary cultural life permeate all aspects of an artists, designers, filmmakers, musicians and media professions work, whatever the medium. Therefore we offer the highest levels of direction to help each student operate strategically in relation to their current direction as a professional creative.The aims of the taught Postgraduate portfolio at the School of Creative Arts is to equip students with the necessary skills, knowledge and understanding at an advanced level, fostering your creativity and innovation in order to enhance employment opportunities in the local, national and global economies.Typically your programme of study will contain the following aims and objectives:•to enable students to creatively exploit the potential of traditional, contemporary or emergent media;•to empower students to develop original artefacts in art and design, media, music or film;•to develop in students a basis for the development of professional careers within art and design, media music and film and related industries or for further Research;•to facilitate the cultivation of the necessary practical, creative, conceptual, intellectual and professional skills for continuous professional and self development;•to encourage an active, self directed and high-level approach to learning;•to foster critical analysis and creative synthesis throughout the programmes;•to develop interpersonal skills to enable effective communication and team working.The provision has been structured to enable students to build and explore potential collaborations whilst maximising the student experience in a collective but on an independent basis. The provision offers a reach across the Masters portfolio whilst maintaining the individuality and discreetness of each of the subjects on offer. Shared modules and experiences have been put in place offering students the opportunity to locate a real sense of student community and connectedness at this Higher Level of education.The taught Masters Programme in Art and Design has EIGHT separate named awards:•Applied Arts•Contemporary Textiles•Fashion•Fine Art•Graphic Design•Illustration•Interior and Spatial Design•Product DesignThe aim of the programme is to equip students with the skills, knowledge and understanding required to practice at an advanced level, to foster creativity and innovation, to enhance their employment opportunities and to work effectively as part of the local, global and national economies.There are 8 pathways of study within this programme leading to the awards listed above. The MA Programme provides an experience that is centred on both individual practice and practice within the context both of the creative and cultural industries and cultural studies.Core ModulesWithin the 3 core modules –Research and Enquiry, Creative Enterprise and Context, Discourse and Reflection- students study together as a community of practitioners. It is recognised that despite the wide-cross section of disciplines contained with the rubric MA Art and Design, there are many common concerns and shared interests, particularly in the field of research and advanced study skills, in the acquisition of the professional skills to help students’ career development, and in the range of conceptual issues that underpin advanced practice in art and design. The professional context of the creative and cultural industries encourages interdisciplinary team working so an understanding of studying and working alongside other creative individuals is a good basis for professional practice. The design of the programme around three core modules undertaken by all students on the programme creates both a lively and supportive post graduate community; it encourages innovative approaches to the discipline and an inter-disciplinary exchange across the various named routes.Discipline Specific ModulesThe modules, Practice 1, Practice 2 and Major Study share a common format and common learning outcomes across all named routes. The specificity of each discipline is expressed in the content of each module and in the study negotiated with tutors in these modules. The learning outcomes are the same across comparable modules; the distinctive nature of the eight separate disciplines is expressed in the module content.The student experience begins at interview. Here, students make a proposal for how they intend to use period of study as part of a formative process, suggesting the key issues and concerns that they would bring to the programme. The proposal is assessed against atemplate to ensure that students’ aspirations are commensurate with Master level study and that their aspirations begin to consider wider professional, commercial, creative and cultural contexts of their practice. Broadly, the first phase of study on the Masters programme is designed to test and develop the initial proposal by comparing the student’s work and ambitions against current research and practice, and to refine the proposal in the form of a portfolio submission with a written contextualising component. Although the proposal is designed to ensure that students’ aspirations are commensurate with Masters level study, it is anticipated that students work will be subject to exploration and development through discussion with academic staff, external agencies and other students on the programme.In this second phase, students are required to consider their work in the context of its professional/commercial applications and to understand the aesthetic and cultural implications of their work. The second phase of study provides students with the opportunity to engage in simulated or live projects and other forms of work related learning.Equipped with a thorough grounding in research skills, aware of and having responded to the commercial and aesthetic implications of their practice, aware of the cultural implications of the work and having developed their practice in the first two Practice modules, students are then required to realise a significant project in the 60 credit Major Study. By way of formative peer evaluation, students are required to present their work both in informal student led seminars and in the form of a post graduate conference. The Major Study is assessed in the form of a final presentation in which student will be required to outline the genesis, development and realisation of the project.Work Related LearningStudents are encouraged to gain work experience as part of their learning on the MA Art and Design Programme.Work based, work related or work placement learning is encouraged and will normally take place in semester B of the programme of study. Typically this may include one or multiples of experiential learning. Work related learning may take a variety of forms.These discrete experience based activities may include; ‘live projects’, site generated work, public exhibiting, a placement in industry or in a gallery or school. It may be a community based venture, curatorial or web based activity. Students should acquire and demonstrate an informed and experiential awareness of opportunities within the Creative and Cultural Industries relevant to their chosen discipline.Students are encouraged to work alongside an institution whose function mirrors their own career aspirations. Students receive support from the MA Tutor with responsibility for coordinating work-related learning and personal tutors in negotiating work related learning projects with industry or other agencies. In instances where work experience cannot be negotiated students may devise a simulated work experience project or venture.The Faculty has established systems and protocols in place to brief employers and work experience providers to ensure that the work undertaken meets the requirements of each module. In cases such as these the programme tutor is informed and the student’s personal tutor takes responsibility for ensuring that the student has a coherent experience.Student Support during Work-Related LearningIn instances when students undertake an agreed programme of work experience with an external agency, the MA Tutor with responsibility for coordinating work-related learning, will ensure that the student has a coherent learning experience and that an appropriate amount of time can be devoted to the work-related experience and the programme. The student experience is monitored both through formal tutorials and in group surgeries. A learning agreement notifying external agencies about University and Faculty working practices and student’s commitment to the programme is made available where necessary.B. Educational Aims of the ProgrammeThe programme has been devised in accordance with the University's general educational aims of programmes of study as set out in UPR TL01.Additionally this programme aims to prepare students for the challenges of working professionally in a range of Art and Design related fields through:•acquisition of knowledge, understanding and skills that serves the needs of local, national and global economies, and to prepare students for work in the rapidlyevolving world of the creative and cultural industries;•provision of a postgraduate learning environment for students which encourages exchanges between students studying various art and design disciplines at anadvanced level and within a supportive peer learning context;•provision of an informed understanding of the professional and commercial contexts in the creative industries and the application of these to other relevant contexts;•provision of a repertoire of transferable skills.Subject specific (Applied Arts, Contemporary Textiles, Fashion, Fine Art, Graphic Design, Illustration, Interior and Spatial Design and Product Design) aims are: •to enable students to operate as practitioners within their chosen field with reference to knowledge and understanding and skills that are at the forefront of their discipline;•to provide a challenging environment which stimulates debate and fosters innovative and creative approaches to the subject;•to provide students with a critically well-informed understanding of their chosen individual and discreetly differing disciplines at an advanced level;•to provide students with a learning environment and intellectual framework which enables them to develop a conceptual and intellectual awareness of their chosendisciplines and current best practices at an advanced level.of University policy and guidelines for assessing accredited prior certificated learning (APCL) and accredited prior experiential learning (APEL).Other information relevant to the programmePart-time students must have their own appropriate working space/studio or equivalent during the period of study.Distance learning students must have sustained access to computer and internet facilities, and the ability to ensure that work can be submitted electronically. They must also ensure that peer learning and tutor communication can take place through email and StudyNet.University policies relevant to the ProgrammeThe University undertakes to use all reasonable endeavours to deliver, assess and administer this programme in accordance with this Programme Specification. At the same time it is recognised that it is in the nature of academic developments that changes, for example to the structure, curriculum, and assessment of a programme may be necessary in order to ensure that the programme remains up to date, in response to issues raised as a result of on-going monitoring and evaluation, and/or in order to conform to new regulatory requirements imposed by this institution, by professional or statutory bodies, or by national or governmental bodies.The programme operates within the guidelines and policies relating to equal opportunities and environmental issues which may be agreed from time to time by the Board of Governors and/or the Academic Board of the University.Where the programme is offered in collaboration with another institution these policies and guidelines will normally be those of the partner institution.The programme operates in accordance with the University's Regulations Governing Studies Involving the Use of Human Subjects (UPR RE01) agreed from time to time by the Academic Board of the University. However, where the programme is offered in collaboration with another institution (for example through a franchise arrangement for all or part of the programme) then specific approval must be obtained from the University for the operation of the programme within ethical guidelines prepared by the partner institution. The partner institution will be responsible for all insurance liability in connection with the observance of ethical guidelines.Signed Date 20 May 2010Chair of Faculty Academic Quality Enhancement CommitteeIf you would like this information in an alternative format please contact:Mrs Anne Passmore, Senior Administrator (Academic Quality), Faculty of Science, Technology and Creative ArtsTelephone: 01707 284102Email: a.j.passmore@MA Applied Arts / MA Contemporary Textiles / MA Fashion / MA Fine Art / MA Graphic Design / MA Illustration / MA Interior and SpatialDistance Learning: Part-time - MA Graphic Design and MA Illustration© University of Hertfordshire18Key to Programme Learning OutcomesKnowledge and Understanding Practical SkillsA1. demonstrate a systematic knowledge and understanding of advanced techniques, processes and technologies relevant to the specialist award of study;C1. initiate, develop and realise original creative work, which demonstrates initiative,personal responsibility, autonomy and a critical awareness of current practice, audiences and registers of communication; A2. demonstrate a knowledge and understanding of research and enquirymethods and a critical awareness of current issues and debates at the forefront of current and emerging creative and professional practice;C2. effectively employ a relevant range of media and technology to communicateideas and information and create work which potentially evokes/invokes ‘emotive responses’ in others (audiences, etc);A3. demonstrate knowledge and understanding of issues key to creativeindustries institutions, and academic environments in relation to the award of study;C3. effectively employ current practices, techniques and technologies in the specialistfield to produce original creative work that demonstrates technical expertise and professionalism in its production; A4. demonstrate a critical awareness of the genres, aesthetic traditions, social,cultural and ethical frameworks relative to the award of study;C4. work independently and take responsibility for project planning, implementation and decision-making at a professional level. A5. demonstrate an advanced awareness, curiosity and ability of current bestpractice in the relevant award of study.Intellectual Skills Transferable SkillsB1. evaluate materials, processes, techniques and technologies and theirapplication to specialist practice;D1. communicate complex ideas clearly to a range of audiences in visual, written and oral forms using appropriate academic and professional conventions; B2. evaluate and discuss critically current problems, debates and trends relevantto the chosen discipline of study;D2. produce self-directed work of high quality demonstrating initiative, autonomy,personal responsibility, originality and critical self awareness, managing time and resources efficiently through cogent planning and organisation;B3. critically evaluate, develop and contextualise own work, with informedreference to current theory and practice at or near the forefront of their field of study;D3. effectively deploy a range of personal and entrepreneurial skills to meetprofessional aspirations;B4. develop to a high level: visual language, conceptual skills and practicalexpertise in the specific area of the award which advance personal aspirations and potential opportunities at a professional level.D4. evaluate and reflect upon personal strengths and the work of others and independently identify goals for continuing professional development.。

16949中英对照SPECIFICATION 16949Third Edition2009-06-15质量治理体系－汽车生产件和有关服务件组织应用ISO 9001:2008的专门要求Quality management systems －Particular requirements for the applicationof ISO 9001:2008 for automotive production and relevant service part organizationsReference numberISO/TS 16949:2009 (E)© ISO 2009ContentsForewordRemarks for certificationIntroduction0.1 General总则0.2 Process approach过程方法0.3 Relationship with ISO 9004 与ISO 9004的关系0.3.1 IATF Guidance to ISO/TS 16949:2002 IATF关于ISO/TS 16949:2 002的指南0.4 Compatibility with other management systems与其他治理体系的相容性0.5 Goal of this Technical Specification本技术规范的目标1 Scope范畴1.1 General总则1.2 Application应用2 Normative reference规范性引用文件3 Terms and definitions术语和定义3.1Terms and definitions for the automotive industry汽车行业的术语和定义4 Quality management system 质量治理体系4.1 General requirements 总要求4.1.1 General requirements – Supplemental 总要求-补充4.2 Documentation requirements 文件要求4.2.1 General总则4.2.2 Quality manual质量手册4.2.3 Control of documents 文件操纵4.2.3.1 Engineering specifications 工程规范4.2.4 Control of records 记录操纵4.2.4.1 Records retention 记录储存5 Management responsibility治理职责5.1 Management commitment治理承诺5.1.1 Process efficiency过程效率5.2 Customer focus以顾客为关注焦点5.3 Quality policy 质量方针5.4 Planning策划5.4.1 Quality objectives质量目标5.4.1.1 Quality objectives – Supplemental 质量目标-补充5.4.2 Quality management system planning质量治理体系策划5.5 Responsibility, authority and communication职责权限与沟通5.5.1 Responsibility and authority 职责和权限5.5.1.1 Responsibility for quality质量职责5.5.2 Management representative治理者代表5.5.2 1 Customer representative顾客代表5.5.3 Internal communication内部沟通5.6 Management review治理评审5.6.1 General总则5.6.1.1 Quality management system performance 质量治理体系绩效5.6.2 Review input 评审输入5.6.2.1 Review input – Supplemental 评审输入-补充5.6.3 Review output评审输出6 Resource management 资源治理6.1 Provision of resources资源提供6.2 Human resources人力资源6.2.1 General总则6.2.2 Competence, awareness and training and awareness 能力、意识和培训和意识6.2.2.1 Product design skills 产品设计技能6.2.2.2 Training 培训6.2.2.3 Training on the job 岗位培训6.2.2.4 Employee motivation and empowerment 职员鼓舞和授权6.3 Infrastructure 基础设施6.3.1 Plant, facility and equipment planning 工厂、设施和设备策划6.3.2 Contingency plans 应急打算6.4 Work environment 工作环境6.4.1 Personnel safety to achieve conformity to product quality requireme nts 与实现产品质量要求符合性有关的人员安全6.4.2 Cleanliness of premises 生产现场的清洁7 Product realization 产品实现7.1 Planning of product realization产品实现的策划7.1.1 Planning of product realization – Supplemental 产品实现的策划-补充7.1.2 Acceptance criteria 接收准则7.1.3 Confidentiality 保密7.1.4 Change control 更换操纵7.2 Customer-related processes 与顾客有关的过程7.2.1 Determination of requirements related to the product与产品有关的要求的确定7.2.1.1 Customer-designated special characteristics 顾客指定的专门特性7.2.2 Review of requirements related to the product与产品有关的要求的评审7.2.2.1 Review of requirements related to the product - Supplemental与产品有关的要求的评审-补充7.2.2.2 Organization manufacturing feasibility 组织制造可行性7.2.3 Customer communication 顾客沟通7.2.3.1 Customer communication – Supplemental顾客沟通-补充7.3 Design and development 设计和开发7.3.1 Design and development planning 设计和开发策划7.3.1.1 Multidisciplinary approach 多方论证方法7.3.2 Design and development inputs 设计和开发输入7.3.2.1 Product design input 产品设计输入7.3.2.2 Manufacturing process design input 制造过程设计输入7.3.2.3 Special characteristics 专门特性7.3 3 Design and development outputs 设计和开发输出7.3.3.1 Product design outputs – Supplemental 产品设计输出-补充7.3.3.2 Manufacturing process design output制造过程设计输出7.3.4 Design and development review 设计和开发评审7.3.4.1 Monitoring 监视7.3.5Design and development verification设计和开发验证7.3.6 Design and development validation 设计和开发确认7.3.6.1 Design and development validation –Supplemental设计和开发确认-补充7.3.6.2 Prototype programme 样件打算7.3.6.3 Product approval process 产品批准过程7.3.7 Control of design and development changes 设计和开发更换的操纵7.4 Purchasing 采购7.4.1 Purchasing process 采购过程7.4.1.1 Regulatory conformity法规的符合性7.4.1.2 Supplier quality management system development供方质量体系的开发7.4.1.3 Customer-approved sources 顾客批准的供货来源7.4.2 Purchasing information采购信息7.4.3 Verification of purchased product采购产品的验证7.4.3.1 Incoming product quality conformity to requirements 进货产品质量要求的符合性7.4.3.2 Supplier monitoring 对供方的监视7.5 Production and service provision 生产和服务提供7.5.1 Control of production and service provision 生产和服务提供的操纵7.5.1.1 Control plan 操纵打算7.5.1.2 Work instructions 作业指导书7.5.1.3 Verification of job set-ups 作业预备的验证7.5.1.4 Preventive and Predictive maintenance 预防性和预见性爱护7.5.1.5 Management of production tooling 生产工装的治理7.5.1.6 Production scheduling 生产打算7.5.1.7 Feedback of information from service服务信息反馈7.5.1.8 Servicing agreement with customer与顾客的服务协议7.5.2 Validation of processes for production and service provision生产和服务提供过程的确认7.5.2.1 Validation of processes for production and service provision - Suppl emental生产和服务提供过程的确认-补充7.5.3 Identification and traceability 标识和可追溯性7.5.3.1 Identification and traceability - Supplemental标识和可追溯性-补充7.5.4 Customer property顾客财产7.5.4.1 Customer-owned production tooling 顾客所有的生产工装7.5.5 Preservation of product产品防护7.5.5.1 Storage and inventory贮存和库存7.6 Control of monitoring and measuring devices equipment监视和测量装置设备的操纵7.6.1 Measurement system analysis测量系统分析7.6.2 Calibration/Verification records校准/检定（验证）记录7.6.3 Laboratory requirements实验室要求7.6.3.1 Internal laboratory内部实验室7.6.3.2 External laboratory 外部实验室8 Measurement, analysis and improvement 测量、分析和改进8.1 General总则8.1.1 Identification of statistical tools 统计工具的确定8.1.2 Knowledge of basic statistical concepts 差不多统计概念只是8.2 Monitoring and measurement测量和监视8.2.1 Customer satisfaction顾客中意8.2.1.1 Customer satisfaction - Supplemental顾客中意-补充8.2.2 Internal audit 内部审核8.2.2.1 Quality management system audit 质量治理体系审核8.2.2.2 Manufacturing process audit制造过程审核8.2.2.3 Product audit产品审核8.2.2.4 Internal audit plans内部审核打算8.2.2.5 Internal auditor qualification内审核员资格8.2.3 Monitoring and measurement of processes过程的监视和测量8.2.3.1 Monitoring and measurement of manufacturing processes制造过程的监视和测量8.2.4 Monitoring and measurement of product产品的监视和测量8.2.4.1 Layout inspection and functional testing全尺寸检验和功能试验8.2.4.2 Appearance items外观项目8.3 Control of nonconforming product不合格品操纵8.3.1 Control of nonconforming product- Supplemental不合格品操纵-补充8.3.2 Control of reworked product返工产品的操纵8.3.3 Customer information顾客信息8.3.4 Customer waiver顾客特许8.4 Analysis of data数据分析8.4.1 Analysis and use of data数据的分析和使用8.5 Improvement改进8.5.1 Continual improvement连续改进8.5.1.1 Continual improvement of the organization组织的连续改进8.5.1.2 Manufacturing process improvement制造过程改进8.5.2 Corrective action纠正措施8.5.2.1 Problem solving解决咨询题8.5.2.2 Error-proofing防错8.5.2.3 Corrective action impact纠正措施阻碍8.5.2.4 Rejected product test/analysis拒收产品的试验/分析8.5.3 Preventive action预防措施Annex A (normative) Control Plan附录A (规范性附录) 操纵打算A.1 Phases of the control plan/操纵打算的时期A.2 Elements of the control plan/操纵打算的要素BibliographyNOTE In this table of contents, ISO9001:2008 headings are normal type face, IATF headings are in italicsForeword前言ISO(the International Organization for Standardization)is a worldwide fede ration of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committee s. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also ta ke part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechni cal Commission(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.国际标准化组织（ISO）是由各国标准化机构（ISO成员机构）组成的世界性的联合会。

1.General Provisions一般规定Contract 合同Contract Agreement 合同协议书1。

6Letter of Acceptance 中标函1。

1。

3 (a. 业主对承包商正式接受函，签字；b.双方商定的其他内容，双方签字)Letter of Tender 投标函(承包商的报价函)Specification 规范Drawings 图纸Schedules 明细表Tender 投标书（a。

投标函;b。

投标者填写的各类明细表，投标保函等）Appendix to Tender 投标函附录Bill of Quantities 工程量表Daywork Schedule 计日工表Parties and Persons 合同双方和人员Engineer 工程师（natural/legal）(监理)DAB 争端裁决委员会(投标函附录列出）FIDIC 国际咨询工程联合会(International Federation of Consulting Engineers）Dates 日期Tests 检验Periods 期间Completion 竣工Base Date 基准日期（提交投标书截止日期之前的第28天当天；与调价有关) Commencement Date 开工日期(工程师通知开工的日期)Time for Completion 竣工日期（指时间段，从开工日期开始计算）Tests on Completion 竣工检验Taking—over Certificate 接收证书（证明工程按照合同实质竣工，进入缺陷通知期）Tests after Completion 竣工后检验Defects Notification Period 缺陷通知期维修期Performance Certificate 履约证书Money and Payments 款项和支付Accepted Contract Amount 中标合同金额（中标的承包商的投标价格，名义合同价格）Contract Prise 合同价格(a. b。

英国高等教育外部质量保障体系与牛津大学研究生教育作者：蒋馨岚来源：《研究生教育研究》 2011年第2期蒋馨岚(华中科技大学教育科学研究院，湖北武汉 430074)摘要：英国高等教育外部质量保障体系包括英国高等教育基金委员会、高等教育质量保障署、专业机构和新闻机构等社会组织。

牛津大学研究生教育处于英国高等教育外部质量保障体系之下同时又保持本身的自治传统。

英国高等教育外部质量保障体系很好地促进了牛津大学的研究生教育的内部质量保障建设。

这些成功的经验对我们的研究生教育的质量保障有重要的启示。

关键词：英国；高等教育；外部质量保障；牛津大学；研究生教育中图分类号：G649.1文献标识码：A高等教育质量是当今高等教育发展的主题。

自20世纪90年代特别是进入21世纪以来，包括研究生教育质量在内的高等教育的质量问题越来越得到世界各国的关注。

高等教育质量保障也因此而成为世界高等教育改革和发展的焦点。

在1998年世界高等教育大会上，“高等教育质量”“、“国际化”和针对性”更是作为三个核心理念被写入《21世纪世界高等教育的展望及其行动框架》之中。

《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》里面明确提出，大力推进研究生培养机制改革，实施研究生教育创新计划，以此来提高我国研究生教育的质量，在学术质量和学术研究方面为创建世界一流大学打下基础。

那么，如何在外部质量保障体系中进行高校的研究生内部质量建设，建立高校研究生内部质量保障机制呢？本文拟从英国高等教育质量外部保障体系出发，分析牛津大学是如何根据英国国家高等教育质量保障的要求和标准，结合学校的实际，通过研究生教育外部质量保障的影响来保障牛津大学研究生教育质量，进而提出对我国研究生教育质量保障的启示。

一、英国高等教育外部质量保障体系概述英国没有专门的研究生教育外部质量保障体系，其研究生外部质量保障是被纳入国家的高等教育质量保障体系之中的。

英国的高等教育质量保障的特点是保障机构相对独立，保障手段多样，拨款、立法、评估的范围广泛，政府、社会和学校共同参与，协调运行。

222021年28期总第572期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS“创新创业”背景下民办本科院校商务英语专业 实践教学探析——以广州应用科技学院为例文/汪云芳【摘要】相较于英语、翻译两大英语专业，商务英语专业的发展历程还比较短，广州应用科技学院作为广东省的一所民办本科院校，其商务英语专业实践教学还存在不足，我们可以从优化人才培养方案、加强师资队伍建设以及加强实践教学等方面着手，对其实践教学进行改革，以更好地培养具有创新创业能力的商务英语专业人才。

【关键词】“创新创业”；民办本科院校；商务英语【Abstract】Compared with the two English majors: English and Translation, Business English has acomparatively short development course. As a civilian-run college in Guangdong province, the Business English in Guangzhou College of Applied Science and Technology has some shortcomings on its practice teaching. Therefore, its practice teaching can be reformed from such aspects as optimizing programme specification, reinforcing teachingstaff construction and reinforcing its practice teaching so as to cultivate business English professionals with the ability of innovation and entrepreneurship.【Key words】“Commercial affairs”; Business affairs; Commerce【作者简介】汪云芳(1982.12-)，女，汉族，江西寻乌人，广州应用科技学院外语系，讲师，硕士，研究方向：英语语言学、英语教学。