Japan'eco-industrial policy
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Japan's eco-industrial policy
日本的生态工业政策
A cloud with a green lining
绿色产业仍未见光
Disaster-relief spending may boost energy-saving technologies
赈灾费用也许能促进节能技术
Apr 28th 2011 | TOKYO | from the print edition
Doing their bit to solve the energy crisis尽其所能解决能源危机
JAPAN’S quake, tsunami and nuclear crisis wiped out a quarter of the
power-generation capacity in Tokyo and the Kanto region. As the government asks businesses and households to conserve electricity this summer, it is also considering incentives for energy-saving technologies. A green industrial policy, it hopes, would not only help a bit with the power shortage but also boost Japan’s struggling renewables firms.
日本的地震、海啸和核危机毁坏了东京和关东地区四分之一的电能。
日本政府一边要求企业和家庭在这个夏天里节约用电，一边打算鼓励发展节能技术。
它希望，绿色工业政策不仅能稍微缓解电力短缺，且能帮助国内举步维艰的生产可再生能源的公司。
One idea is to promote solar power by paying businesses and homeowners to feed energy into the grid rather than just buying their excess power, as happens now. Most new homes come with solar panels fitted but there is still scope for increasing the use of these. This might give Japanese panel-makers the scale they need to regain the market lead they have lost to Chinese and American rivals.
其中一个构想是，向企业和私房屋主支付费用以将能源引入输电网，这样比起购买他们的过剩电量更有助于太阳能的发展。
此构想正付诸于实践。
大多数新家庭都装置有太阳能板，但扩大太阳能板的应用仍有很大的发展余地。
这也许给了日本的太阳能制造商提供了足够的发展空间，一改他们不敌来自中国和美国竞争者的局面，重夺市场领先之位。
Another proposal is to subsidise the cost of installing LED lighting in place of incandescent and fluorescent lamps, which would mean energy savings of 80% and 50% respectively. Yet changing light fittings is expensive, and so are the bulbs themselves: an incandescent bulb costs less than $1, but an LED equivalent is $60, though it is said to last 40 times as long. This too could boost Japanese firms, which helped commercialise LED technology but now struggle against low-cost makers in China and South Korea.
另一个构想是，提供补贴以鼓励安装LED灯来取代白炽灯和荧光灯，这意味着各节省80%和50%的能源。
但更换灯具费用高，灯泡本身也很贵：白炽灯泡价格不到1美元，但同等效果的LED灯泡却要60美元，但据称其使用寿命要更长40倍。
这也能促进国内公司的发展，这些公司曾推动LED技术商业化，如今却因来自中国和南韩的低成本生产商而苦苦挣扎。
A further suggestion is to subsidise big, rechargeable batteries for the home. These would draw energy from the grid overnight, then be used to reduce peak daytime demand for power. Toshiba is rushing out such a battery, which it had originally planned to start selling in two years’ time, to meet the expected demand from owners of electric cars. Panasonic is also hurrying out a similar home battery.
再一个构想是，向国内的大型充电电池提供补贴。
这些电池一夜之间便可从电网吸取能量，然后用于缓解白天的用电高峰。
东芝正匆匆赶制这种电池，原本打算在两年内上市，用于满足电动汽车车主的需求。
松下也在赶制一种类似的家用电池。
For the moment, all these are nothing more than proposals. The first disaster-relief bill, this month, included just ¥4 billion ($49m) for publicity to urge Japanese to save energy and ¥3.7 billion for consultants to advise small businesses on conservation. These are trivial sums compared with those being floated in the Japanese press, such as ¥100 billion for a switch to green appliances and LEDs.
目前，所有这些都只不过是构想而已。
这个月公布的第一笔赈灾费用，其中40亿日元（4900万美元）用于做敦促国内节约能源的宣传，以及37亿日元用于咨询人员去提倡小企业节能。
这些数目和日本媒体所报道的比起来算是微不足道，比如，日媒称转而使用绿色电器和LED就得花费1000亿日元
Japanese renewables firms’ foreign rivals know it would be hard to object to such subsidies without seeming callous, given the scale of Japan’s post-quake crisis. They also see potential benefits: some of the extra Japanese spending on
green-energy devices might flow in their direction; and if Japan’s government is subsidising its renewables firms, that makes it easier for the foreign rivals to demand similar treatment from their governments. One thing everyone agrees on is that in the short term, such energy-saving schemes will be insufficient to compensate for Japan’s lost generating capacity. Only cutting the use of electrical appliances will do that.
日本生产可再生资源的公司的外国竞争者清楚，鉴于日本震后危机的程度，如不采取强硬态度，便很难阻止这些补贴。
他们也察觉了潜在的好处：日本会将一部分额外支出用以购置绿色能源设备，这将流入他们的口袋；而且如果日本政府补贴其生产可再生资源的公司，外国竞争者便有理由向本国政府要求相同的待遇。
有件事是每个人的共识：在短期内，这些节能规划还不足以弥补日本所丧失的发电量。
只有减少电器的使用才能起到这个效果。
