2007-2018年上海对外经贸大学833西方经济学历年考研真题汇编

2007年上海对外经贸大学833西方经济学考研真题（回忆版）西方经济学部分（75分）一、名词解释（每题3分，共12分）1．需求的交叉弹性2．隐含成本3．通货膨胀缺口4．菲利普斯曲线二、计算题（每题6分，共18分）1．假设：某厂商短期成本函数为：C（Q）＝Q3－9Q2＋30Q＋25。

试求：（1）平均可变成本函数：平均可变成本函数最小时，边际成本等于平均可变成本；（2）平均总成本函数：当劳动力等于5个单位，平均总成本最小时，边际成本等于平均总成本。

2．假设：在一完全竞争市场上，某厂商的总收益函数为：R（Q）＝9Q；总成本函数：C（Q）＝Q3－9Q2＋33Q＋10。

试求：（1）利润最大化时的产出水平；（2）最大利润是多少；（3）利润最大时的产品销售单价。

3．假设：某银行吸收存款500万元，按规定应留100万元作为准备金。

试问：（1）此时的法定准备率；（2）能创造出的货币额；（3）准备金减至80万元，能创造出多少货币额。

三、问答题（每题15分，共45分）1．需求价格弹性就是需求曲线上的斜率。

这句话是对，是错，或不确定。

请说明理由。

并请举例说明需求价格弹性与总收益的关系及在实际运用中的意义。

2．什么是显明成本和隐含成本？比较这两个概念，并举例说明这两个概念在企业经营中的实际意义。

3．什么是哈罗德—多马经济增长模型？并试述哈罗德模型是如何解释经济长期稳定增长的条件与波动的原因。

货币银行学（75分）一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1．超额准备金率的变动主要取决于（）行为。

（1）中央银行（2）社会公众（3）商业银行（4）都不是2．最早实行金本位制的国家是（）。

（1）美国（2）英国（3）法国（4）日本3．提出现金余额说的经济学家（）。

（1）凯恩斯（2）马歇尔（3）费雪（4）庇古4．下列（）不属于商业银行的现金资产。

（1）库存现金（2）准备金（3）存放同业存款（4）应付款项5．信用合作社属于（）。

（1）存款型金融机构（2）契约型金融机构（3）投资型金融机构（4）政策型金融机构二、名词解释（每题4分，共20分）1．联邦基金2．道德风险3．流动性偏好4．劣币驱逐良币5．中间业务三、问答题（每题15分，共45分）1．何谓金融？试述其基本特点。

2007年对外经贸大学832工商管理综合考研试题第一部分管理专业英语(70分)一、True / False Questions (8 points)1．In order to be considered a manager, an individual must coordinate the work ofothers.2．"One best way" is the phrase most associated with scientific management.3．Managers tend to operate under assumptions of bounded rationality.4．The more the current plans affect future commitments, the longer the time framefor which managers should plan.5． Innovators need the efficiency, stability, and tight controls of the mechanisticstructure.6． Being happy at work results in employees being productive workers.7．A formal group of employees who operate without a manager and are responsible for a complete work process or segment is referred to as the self-managed team.8． Adding vertical depth to a job is called job enlargement.二、Read the Scenario passages and answer questions (12 points)Passage IAs a production supervisor, Joe decides on Friday afternoon how many units of outputhis employees will be able to produce and on which days certain products will be runin his department. He also decides which of his employees are going to be responsiblefor operating which machines within the department next week, as his employees aremulti-skilled assemblers. On Monday, he informs his employees whom he has assigned to which machines by handing out assignment sheets and informs the employees that the schedule is going to be difficult due to the increased number of units. He goes on to tell them that he is sure they can fulfill the schedule because they are such good and skilled employees. Each day during the week he checks the amount of output that the employees have completed and the number of units that have been scraped.1．When Joe decides which of his employees are going to be responsible for operating which machines, he is performing which of the management functions?a. controllingb. leadingc. planningd. organizing2．When Joe decides how many units of output his employees will be able to produce and on which days certain products will be run, he is performing which of the management functions?a. controllingb. leadingc. planningd. organizing3．When Joe cheeks the amount of output that the employees have completed and the number of units that have been scraped, he is performing which of the management functions?a. controllingb. leadingc. planningd. organizing4．When Joe tells the employees that he is sure they can fulfill the schedule because they are such good and skilled employees, ]he is performing which of the management functions?a. controllingb. leadingc. planningd. organizing5． When Joe performs all of his management functions in a continuous manner, he is performing which of the following?a. scheduling processb. quality controi processc. management processd. manufacturing processPassage IIAs vice president of a local manufacturer, you are interested in developing a new organizational plan. However, you are unsure about several factors. You are not surewho you should assign to the varying planning tasks. At the same time, several other issues that could deeply affect your business are pending, ]including rising interest rates and the potential formation of a new employee union. You must also consider your firm's contracts with large vendors that extend 5 years into the future.6．For the most part, you should assign the operational planning activities toa. line staffb. top managersc. lower-level managersd. middle managers7．Which plans should you and other top management members be working on?a. operationalb. specificc. overalld. strategic8．The issues that may deeply impact your business such as rising interest rates, the potential formation of a new employee union and the firm's contracts with large vendors, are examples of____________factors that affect planning.a. environmentalb. uncontrollablec. outsided. contingencyPassage IIIMichelle is a registered nurse in charge of a new unit at her hospital. She would liketo have a more laid-back approach in dealing with her new staff, but the hospital demands that there be strict hierarchical levels and that all decisions must be signed off by Michelle. Sometimes this drives Michelle nuts---the constant filling out of forms, and so forth. She also feels that thenumerous levels of hierarchy are unnecessary and place barriers between herself and her staff. She isn't sure why things have to be so "organized" and is thinking about speaking with her boss to attempt changing her unit to have more flexibiliy and fewer roles.9．Michelle is very concerned about the formal framework by which job tasks within her nursing trait are divided, grouped, and coordinated within her unit. This framework is known as the unit's a．formal organizational chartb．organizational structurec．staffd． span of control10．Michelle's unit specializes in cardiology cases. Dividing work units up in such a manner is most representative of____________departmentalization.a．functionalb． productc．processd．customer11．Michelle is required to sign off on all decisions, suggesting the hospital has what kind of decision-rnaking authority?a．centralizedb．formalc．autocraticd．strict12．Michelle has noticed that everyone is very concerned about the line of authority within the organization. The line of authority within the organization is also called a(n) ____________ a．responsibilityb．chain of commandc．span of controld．organizational strategy三、Essay Questions (30 points)1．Define creativity and innovation. Next, discuss the three sets of variables that have been found to stimulate innovation.2． List three shortcuts frequently used in judging others.3．Discuss five characteristics that are associated with effective teams.4． Discuss the equity theory and list five probable behavioral responses that may occur when employees perceive an inequity.5． Define Management by Objectives (MBO) and list four elements of this type of goal setting.四、Case Study (20 points)The First Department Store has been in bad sales condition for a long time,management decided to change this situation by changing the compensation system.The original system includes two parts. The first part is called basic salary thatcalculated by working hours/capita(每人的工作小时数) multiply(乘以) fixed working hour wage standard; The second part is called commission income calculated by fixed commission rate multiply sales. The new compensation system gives up the basic salary part and increases the fixed commission rate.For example, under the old system, the sales people earn their salary like this: $5(hourwage)*working hours+ 0.5%(commission rate)*sales. Under the new system,they Will earn their salary by: 5%(new commission rate)*sales.But this new policy brought complaints in some departments, especially in those selling low--priced small items such as daily used cheap products. While the people in big-ticket items departments such as furniture strongly support this policy. Meanwhile. the new policy leads to worries about whether sales people will make the full service and customers' satisfa.ctory as price when pursing larger sales. How to solve these problems? Management is facing big difficulties. Questions:1．What theories about motivation underline the switch from salary to commission rate system? 2．What kind of positive and negative effects the new policy will lead to?3．From management's view, what kind of problems exists in this new policy?4．According to your understanding, how to face and solve these problems?第二部分：管理专业知识(共80分)一、判断题(选择正确或错误，共5题，每题2分，总计10分)1．根据阿罗的不可能性定理，在独裁的情况下，不可能存在适合于所有个人偏好类型的社会福利函数。

上海对外经贸大学833经济学专业课初试试题上海对外经贸大学833经济学考研资料2013年选择题（每题1分，共50分）暂无二、名词解释（每题10分，共40分）1、2、乘数加速原理3、哈罗德多马模型4、斯威齐模型三、计算题（每题10分，共20分）1、模型曲线移动2、寡头模型（课后题）四、论述题（每题20分，共40分）1、完全竞争市场的需求曲线的形成，特点。

2、曲线因为什么移动，移动后形成什么样的结果。

（画图说明）2014年名词解释（每题3分）1、基尼系数2、生产可能性曲线3、纳什均衡4、“单一规则”的货币政策5、菲利普斯曲线二、简单题（每题10分）1、分析长期平均成本曲线的形状2、画图并说明完全竞争厂商短期均衡的形成及其条件3、完全竞争厂商使用生产要素的原则4、关于分析曲线变化的（题目太长，不好意思，没记的）5、经济周期特征三、计算题（每题15分）计算题一共3题，个人感觉不难，题目很长没记，不好意思四、论述题(每题20分)1.为什么完全竞争市场是最优效率市场2.凯恩斯是如何论证资本主义萧条的必然性复试2014年名词解释：1、格雷欣法则资本资产定价模型（）3、选择性货币政策4、通货膨胀税5、存款乘数和货币乘数二、简答题：1、请说出期货和远期合约的三个主要的区别，并分别举例说明其运用。

2、物价有上升趋势，请根据资产需求理论说出三种理财操作（有没有“并进行分析”我记不清了）。

3、说出商业银行的三种主要的资产业务，并进行具体分析。

4、说出鲍莫尔、惠顿、托宾对凯恩斯的货币需求理论的发展。

5、中国的央行外汇占款是如何让形成的？它如何影响货币供给，以及如何对此进行冲销。

三、论述题：利率的期限结构和一般结构，并说出其对现实的指导意义。

2015年名词解释流动性陷阱欧拉定理有保证的增长率持久性收入假定不可能性定理问答题吉芬商品，并用替代效应、收入效应分析瓦尔拉斯均衡简述凯恩斯乘数理论以及假设条件哈罗德-多马模型，基本公式，包含的基本假设，应用意义计算题需求与效用函数，替代效应、收入效应柯布-道格拉斯生产函数，劳动需求函数外部性，有法规和没有法规的外部性的计算劳动需求函数，总供给函数，凯恩斯供给函数，古典主义供给函数分析题用序数效用论的理论来分析直接税和间接税对消费者效用的影响分析宏观经济学和微观经济学的区别与联系重点复习知识点（别的也要背，这些要熟）需求与供给名词解释：理性人、需求函数、供给函数、均衡价格、需求的价格弹性、需求的交叉价格弹性、价格限制解答及论述：影响需求的价格弹性因素；需求价格弹性与厂商销售收入的关系；“谷贱伤农”现象的经济学原理；价格限制及分析第二章效用论名词解释：边际效用、消费者剩余、低档物品、吉芬物品、收入—消费曲线、预算线、价格-消费曲线、恩格尔曲线、边际替代率、收入效应、替代效应解答题及论述题：用边际效用递减规律来解释需求规律；用价格-消费曲线论述价格变化对消费者的均衡影响并推导与分析消费者的需求曲线；正常物品的替代效应和收入效应以及正常物品的需求曲线的特征第三章生产论名词解释：边际报酬递减规律、规模报酬、边际技术替代率、等产量曲线、等成本线解答题及论述题：短期生产的三个阶段；既定成本条件下产量最大化；既定产量条件下成本最小；规模报酬类型及形成原因第四章成本论名词解释：机会成本、沉没成本、范围经济解答题及论述题：“覆水难收”，“过去的事情就让它过去吧”，请从经济学的角度说明这些谚语所包含的经济学原理；长期平均成本成U型来说明规模经济与规模不经济第五章完全竞争市场名词解释：生产者剩余解答题及论述题：完全竞争市场的条件；为什么完全竞争市场有利于资源的最优配置；厂商实现短期均衡和长期均衡的条件；为什么完全竞争厂商的短期供给曲线是；完全竞争行业的长期供给曲线第六章不完全竞争市场名词解释：自然垄断、勒纳指数、价格歧视、占优均衡、纳什均衡、价格领导制解答题及论述题：完全垄断的特点、成因、代价和管理政策；简述三级价格歧视；垄断厂商的定价原则；垄断厂商的短期均衡和长期均衡的形成及条件；垄断竞争市场的条件、特征和经济效率；寡头垄断市场的概念、特征和形成原因；用斯威齐模型解释价格刚性；用囚徒困境说明什么是占优策略均衡；什么是囚徒困境，如何理解个体理性与集体理性之间的关系第八章要素价格决定的需求方面名词解释：边际产品价值、边际收益产品第九章要素价格决定的供给方面名词解释：准租金、经济租金、欧拉定理、洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数解答题及论述题：为什么土地供给曲线是一条垂直线；为什么劳动的供给曲线向后弯曲第十章一般均衡理论和福利经济学名词解释：帕累托最优、生产可能性曲线、阿罗不能定理解答题及论述题：为什么完全竞争市场可以实现帕累托最优市场失灵和微观经济政策名词解释：市场失灵、外部性、科斯定理、公共物品、公地悲剧、逆向选择、道德风险解答题及论述题：市场失灵的含义、原因及解决方式；外部性的含义，对资源配置有什么影响及解决方法；公地悲剧说明公共资源面临的困境；科斯定理解决环境污染问题第十二章国民收入核算名词解释：国内生产总值、名义、实际、平减指数第十三章简单国民收入决定理论词解释：边际消费倾向、节俭悖论、转移支付、示范效应、棘轮效应解答题及论述题：投资乘数及作用原理；第十五章产品市场和货币市场的一般均衡名词解释：资本边际效率、曲线、流动性偏好陷阱、曲线解答题及论述题：货币需求三个动机及原因；曲线的徐率影响因素及三个区域；货币政策效果在曲线的三个区域中有何不同；运用模型作用说明提高税率将会如何影响曲线，均衡国民收入和利率如何变动；什么是有效需求，在市场经济中引起有效需求不足的原因，得出的政策结论是什么；古典经济学的主要观点和理论依据及凯恩斯对这些观点和理论的批判第十六章宏观经济政策分析名词解释：挤出效应、货币幻觉解答题及论述题：列举影响挤出效应的因素，并解释这些因素如何影响挤出效应；请用模型说明如何混合使用财政政策和货币政策第十七章宏观经济政策实践名词解释：自动稳定器、拉弗曲线、解答题及论述题：财政政策及工具；自动稳定器及其发挥作用的机制；货币政策及其工具第十八章总需求-总供给模型名词解释：总需求曲线、工资刚性、货币中性、解答题及论述题：总需求主要包括哪些内容，为什么总需求曲线是向右下方倾斜的；总供给曲线有哪些类型，分别加以说明；试运用短期和长期总供给模型分析经济波动；中央银行控制货币供应量时所能采取的工具有哪些，根据总供求模型分析，当工资随时间缓慢调整时，名义货币供给量的增加对价格水平、实际产出和实际货币供给量的短期影响和长期影响第十九章失业与通货膨胀名词解释：自然失业率、奥肯定律、摩擦性失业、结构性失业、通货膨胀、菲利普斯曲线、周期性失业解答题及论述题：通货膨胀的成因、影响与治理；通货膨胀与失业的影响；简述通货膨胀的三类主要影响；简述附加预期的菲利普斯曲线是如何说明失业与通货膨胀之间的关系的，其政策含义如何，并利用它解释滞涨；说明短期菲利普斯曲线与长期菲利普斯曲线的关系；简述菲利普斯曲线的主要内容第二十章国际经济第二十一章开放经济下的短期经济模型名词解释：实际汇率、购买力平价。

考研经济学各高校真题(总结版)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：上海对外经贸大学833西方经济一、名词解释6个30分1、需求价格2、科斯定理3、奥肯定律4、流动性陷阱5、纳什均衡二、简答5个40分1、解释"吉芬难题"的成因2、劳动供给曲线为什么向右弯曲3、新古典主义模型基本公式是什么？它的含义是什么？4、垄断市场下对社会福利的影响三、计算题2个40分1、厂商边际成本是3q、q表示产量生产造成的污染成本为2q、需求p=420-q（1）在完全竞争市场下，达到均衡的产量和价格（2）考虑污染成本，社会公益产量是多少（3）政府要加庇古税，使得均衡产量和社会公益产量一样，需要增加多少单位庇古税（4）在垄断市场下，求第（1）和（3）2、GDP的，消费C=100?0、6Y，投资I=520，政府购买G=180（1）求国民收入（2）政府购买增加40后的国民收入（3）结合货币市场，货币供给M=后面记不清了（4）比较（2）（3）问有何区别。

四、论述题2个共40分1、证明完全竞争市场均衡下一定会达到怕累托最优。

2、新凯恩斯主义和新古典主义的主要观点有什么分歧。

南京大学919经济学原理一、名词解释6*5'1、需求变化2、柯布―道格拉斯生产函数3、储蓄函数4、边际土地5、条件收敛6、适应性预期二、计算2*15'1、柯布―道格拉斯生产函数2、总需求Y=700+0、5(M/P)总供给Y=600(P-Pe)+1000,Pe是预期价格水平。

假设初始均衡P=Pe。

货币供给M由600增加到720，已被预期到，问均衡价格和产量如何变化三、问答6*15'1、价格变动的替代效应与收入效应2、定率税与定额税3、寡头厂商如何阻止别的厂商进入行业4、宏观经济中的短期长期超长期是何意义5、工资刚性6、乘数―加速数，宏观调控南京审计学院811西方经济学一、简答题：1.运用需求价格弹性的知识简述当粮食丰收时"谷贱伤农"的原因。