the path dependency of an idea why scandinavian welfare states remain distinct

江苏省2024学位英语考试真题及答案解析全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Jiangsu Province 2024 Academic English Test Questions and Answers AnalysisIntroductionThe Jiangsu Province Academic English Test is an important examination for students in the region to gauge their English language proficiency. The 2024 test is no exception, and students are encouraged to prepare thoroughly in order to achieve a good result. In this article, we will provide a detailed analysis of the test questions and answers to help students better understand the format and content of the exam.Part 1: Reading ComprehensionQuestion 1:Read the following passage and answer the questions below.Passage:Over the past decade, the Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and live our lives. With the click of a button, we can connect with people from all over the world, access a vast amount of information, and even shop for groceries online. However, this convenience comes at a cost, as concerns about privacy, security, and digital addiction continue to grow.Question:What are some of the benefits and drawbacks of the Internet according to the passage?Answer:Benefits: Connect with people globally, access information easily, shop online.Drawbacks: Privacy concerns, security issues, digital addiction.Question 2:Read the following passage and answer the questions below.Passage:Climate change is a pressing issue that affects the entire planet. As temperatures rise, sea levels are expected to increase, leading to more frequent and severe natural disasters. It isimperative that individuals and governments take action to reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment for future generations.Question:What are some of the consequences of climate change mentioned in the passage?Answer:Rising temperatures, increased sea levels, more frequent natural disasters.Part 2: Listening ComprehensionQuestion 1:Listen to the audio clip and answer the questions below.Audio:You will hear a conversation between two friends discussing their plans for the weekend. Listen carefully and answer the following questions.Question:What do the friends plan to do on Saturday and Sunday?Answer:On Saturday, they plan to go hiking, and on Sunday, they plan to relax at home.Question 2:Listen to the audio clip and answer the questions below.Audio:You will hear a news report about a recent study on sleep habits. Listen carefully and answer the following questions.Question:What did the study find about the impact of screen time on sleep quality?Answer:The study found that increased screen time before bed can negatively affect sleep quality.ConclusionThe Jiangsu Province 2024 Academic English Test is a comprehensive examination that assesses students' proficiency in reading and listening comprehension. By reviewing the sample questions and answers provided in this article, studentscan better prepare for the exam and improve their chances of success. Good luck to all the test takers!篇2**Jiangsu Province 2024 College Entrance Examination English Test Questions and Answers Analysis**This year's English test for the Jiangsu Province College Entrance Examination in 2024 has attracted a lot of attention from students and educators. The English test is an essential part of the college entrance examination, and a good score in this subject can significantly impact a student's overall score. Let's take a look at the test questions and provide an analysis of the answers to help students better understand how to approach the exam.**Reading Comprehension:****Question 1:**Read the following passage and answer the questions below.Passage:The discovery of antibiotics in the early 20th century revolutionized medicine and saved millions of lives. However, the misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence ofantibiotic-resistant bacteria, posing a significant threat to public health. It is crucial for healthcare professionals and the general public to understand the importance of responsible antibiotic use to combat this growing issue.Questions:1. What is the main problem caused by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics?2. Why is responsible antibiotic use important?**Question 2:**Read the following passage and answer the questions below.Passage:Climate change is a global challenge that requires urgent action. The rise in global temperatures is leading to more frequent natural disasters and threatening ecosystems worldwide. It is essential for governments, businesses, and individuals to work together to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.Questions:1. What are the consequences of climate change mentioned in the passage?2. How can governments, businesses, and individuals contribute to addressing climate change?**Question 3:**Read the following passage and answer the questions below.Passage:The benefits of exercise are well-documented, with regular physical activity known to improve both physical and mental health. From reducing the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes to boosting mood and productivity, exercise plays a vital role in overall well-being.Questions:1. What are the benefits of regular exercise mentioned in the passage?2. How does exercise affect mental health?**Answer Analysis:****Question 1:**1. The main problem caused by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics is the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.2. Responsible antibiotic use is important to combat the growing issue of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and protect public health.**Question 2:**1. The consequences of climate change mentioned in the passage include more frequent natural disasters and threatened ecosystems worldwide.2. Governments, businesses, and individuals can contribute to addressing climate change by reducing carbon emissions through policies, sustainable practices, and individual actions like recycling and using public transportation.**Question 3:**1. The benefits of regular exercise mentioned in the passage include improving physical health, reducing the risk of chronic diseases, boosting mood, and increasing productivity.2. Exercise affects mental health by releasing endorphins, improving sleep quality, reducing stress and anxiety, and enhancing cognitive function.In conclusion, the reading comprehension section of the English test for Jiangsu's College Entrance Examination in 2024 requires students to comprehend and analyze informationalpassages on various topics. By understanding the questions and answers provided in this analysis, students can better prepare for the exam and improve their reading comprehensionskills.Practice and review are crucial for success in this section of the exam, so students should dedicate time to studying relevant topics and practicing reading and answering questions to enhance their performance.篇3The 2024 Jiangsu Province College Entrance Examination for English is a highly anticipated event for students across the region. The test is known for its challenging questions and comprehensive coverage of English proficiency skills. In this article, we will provide a detailed analysis of the exam questions and answers to help students better prepare for the upcoming test.Reading ComprehensionPassage 1:Questions:1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. According to the passage, why did the author start gardening?3. What can be inferred about the author's attitude towards gardening?Answers:1. The main idea of the passage is the benefits of gardening for mental health and well-being.2. The author started gardening as a way to cope with stress and anxiety.3. The author has a positive attitude towards gardening and believes it has a calming effect on the mind.Passage 2:Questions:1. What is the passage mainly about?2. According to the passage, how did the woman discover her passion for cooking?3. What is the author's opinion on cooking as a hobby?Answers:1. The passage is mainly about how cooking can bring joy and satisfaction to one's life.2. The woman discovered her passion for cooking when she started experimenting with recipes and ingredients.3. The author believes cooking is a creative and fulfilling hobby that can bring people together.Grammar and Vocabulary1. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions:a. I am not interested _____ playing video games.b. She is allergic _____ cats.c. We need to talk _____ our future plans.d. The book is based _____ a true story.2. Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentences:a. She ____ (has/have) been studying English for five years.b. They ___ (will/are going to) visit Shanghai next week.c. I _____ (am go/am going) to the library after school.3. Fill in the blanks with the correct word form:a. The weather was _____ (extreme) hot yesterday.b. She is a _____ (success) businesswoman.c. He speaks English _____ (fluent) than I do.Listening ComprehensionListen to the following audio clip and answer the questions:Questions:1. What is the speaker's favorite type of music?2. Where does the speaker plan to go on vacation?3. What does the speaker recommend for improving listening skills in English?Answers:1. The speaker's favorite type of music is jazz.2. The speaker plans to go to Thailand on vacation.3. The speaker recommends listening to English podcasts and watching movies with subtitles for improving listening skills.Overall, the 2024 Jiangsu Province College Entrance Examination for English is a comprehensive test that covers a wide range of English proficiency skills. By practicing with similar questions and answers, students can better prepare for the examand increase their chances of success. Good luck to all the students taking the test!。

关于路径依赖的书
1. 《路径依赖：制度、文化与经济增长》（Path Dependence in Economic Development），作者是 Douglass North 和 Barry Weingast。

这本书是路径依赖理论的经典之作，分析了制度、文化和经济增长之间的关系，阐述了路径依赖的形成机制和影响。

2. 《技术演进的路径依赖与锁定》（Path Dependence and Lock-in by Technological Evolution），作者是 W. Brian Arthur。

这本书探讨了技术演进中的路径依赖和锁定现象，并提出了一些应对策略。

3. 《制度变迁的路径依赖理论》（Theories of Path Dependence in Political Science），作者是 Thelen 和 Steinmo。

这本书分析了政治学中的路径依赖现象，包括政治制度、政策制定和社会运动等方面。

4. 《路径依赖与经济增长》（Path Dependence and Economic Growth），作者是 Garud 和 Karnoe。

这本书从组织理论的角度探讨了路径依赖对经济增长的影响，并提出了一些新的观点。

这些书籍从不同的角度和领域探讨了路径依赖理论，对于理解这个概念及其应用具有重要的参考价值。

英语阅读课中培养学生批判性思维的教学案例翟红英【摘要】开展批判性阅读教学,使学生养成批判性反思的好习惯应成为大学英语教学的一个重要目标.本文首先提供了一个批判性思维工具箱,然后结合实际教学以读书日志的形式来完成6个步骤的阅读活动.旨在通过学习和练习这些批判性思维技巧,培养学生对每一部分的观点或想法形成一个循序渐进的批判性思考习惯.【期刊名称】《陇东学院学报》【年(卷),期】2013(024)005【总页数】4页(P89-92)【关键词】批判性思维;阅读教学;教学案例【作者】翟红英【作者单位】陇东学院外国语学院,甘肃庆阳745000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H319今天许多教师和专家都非常强调批判性思维在大学课程中的重要性。

批判性思维是一种基于理性和逻辑的思维模式，它为人们进行理性思考提供了基本的平台和方法。

批判性思维要求思考者在分析问题的同时，也要反思自己的思维过程。

批判性思维技能也是良好的分析性阅读能力必备技能。

读者可以使用批判性思维技能去理解和评价他人著作，去发现论点中的优点和缺点。

英语阅读不仅是掌握英语语言知识的重要方法，更是获得信息的重要渠道。

传统的英语阅读课堂教学模式过分强调对语言知识的获得，注重对文本进行欣赏性地客观阐述和复述，而忽视了对文本深层含义的把握、缺乏批判性的自由创造。

在现代学习理论新的视野下，外语阅读不再是单纯的知识和信息吸收过程，而是在广泛涉猎和深刻思考中发展鉴赏评价的批判性思维过程，先是吸收与接纳，继而鉴赏与评判，最后创造与发现。

阅读成为积极主动地获取信息的过程，阅读理解的主要外部标志就是能否对文本做出正确的评价，批判性阅读由此而生。

所谓批判性阅读，是指“对文本的高层次理解，它包括释义和评价的技能，可以使读者分辨重要和非重要信息，把事实与观点区分开，并且确定作者的目的和语气。

同时，要通过推理推导出言外之意，填补信息上的空白部分，得出符合逻辑的结论”（Pirozzi，2003：325）。

用depend on造句1、The number one objective is still to ensure the success of organizations that depend on developing and deploying software.第一的目标仍旧是依靠开发和部署软件确保企业成功。

2、The number and size of data requests depend on the specifications in a user license for a cloud service type.数据请求的数量和大小取决于云服务类型用户许可中的规范。

3、The license keys that are served by the Rational License Server depend on the MAC address or disk serial number.Rational License Server.提供的许可证密钥依赖于MAC地址或者磁盘序列号。

4、But that can also mean fewer sales for stores that depend on physical products, including most video games.但也同时意味着，依赖于销售包括大部分游戏产品在内的实体产品的商店的销售额将减少。

5、The execution of the next step will, of course, depend on the registration option youve chosen.自然，下一步的执行取决于所选的注册方法。

6、Businesses that depend on just-in-time delivery cannot tolerate lateness.依赖准时交货的企业不能容忍货物迟交。

idea dependencies analysis 原理Idea dependencies analysis involves examining the relationships and dependencies between different ideas or concepts. The analysis helps to understand how ideas are connected to each other and how they rely on one another.The basic principle of idea dependencies analysis is that ideas are not isolated entities but are interconnected and form a network. The analysis aims to uncover these connections and dependencies to gain a deeper understanding of the ideas and their relationships.The analysis often involves examining the flow of ideas, how one idea leads to another, and what ideas are necessary for the development or implementation of a particular concept. It also involves identifying the key ideas that serve as building blocks for other ideas and the dependencies between them.By conducting idea dependencies analysis, it becomes possible to identify critical ideas that are crucial for the success of a project or the understanding of a particular subject. It helps in identifying potential risks or bottlenecks in idea development and can inform decision-making processes.Various techniques can be used for idea dependencies analysis, including mind mapping, concept mapping, network analysis, and dependency graphs. These techniques help in visually representing the relationships between ideas and enable a systematic analysis of their dependencies.Overall, idea dependencies analysis provides insights into thestructure and interconnectedness of ideas, facilitating strategic thinking, effective planning, and informed decision-making.。

VTI本文是根据英文原版借助“金山快译”翻译，没有抄袭国内作品，敬请交流。

2011.5.28科技SCA100T 丛书1/17VTI Technologies OySubject to changesSCA100T 双重的轴倾角罗盘系列THE SCA100T DUAL AXIS INCLINOMETER SERIESThe SCA100T Series is a 3D-MEMS-based dual axis inclinometer family that provides instrumentation grade performance for leveling applications.The measuring axes of the sensing elements are parallel to the mounting plane and orthogonal to each other.Low temperature dependency,high resolution and low noise,together a with robust sensing element design,make the SCA100T the ideal choice for leveling instruments.The VTI inclinometers are insensitive to vibration,due to their over damped sensing elements,and can withstand mechanical shocks of up to 20000g.特征Features•Dual axis inclination measurement (X and Y)•Measuring ranges ±30°SCA100T-D01and±90°SCA100T-D02•0.0025°resolution (10Hz BW,模拟输出)•Sensing element controlled over damped frequency response (-3dB 18Hz)•Robust design,high shock durability (20000g)•High stability over temperature and time •Single +5V supply•Ratiometric analog voltage outputs•SPI角度和温度输出Digital SPI inclination and temperature output•多种失败检测功能Comprehensive failure detection featureso True self test by deflecting the sensing elements’proof mass by electrostatic force.o Continuous sensing element interconnection failure check.oContinuous memory parity check.•RoHS compliant•Compatible with Pb-free reflow solder process应用Application Applicationss •平台调平和稳定Platform leveling and stabilization•360°垂直定向测量360°vertical orientation measurement•仪器调平Leveling instruments•构造层次Construction levelsFigure 1.Functional block diagram 功能方框图1.电器特性Electrical SpecificationsThe SCA100T product family comprises two versions,the SCA100T-D01and the SCA100T-D02that differ in measurement range.The product version specific performance specifications are listed in the table SCA100T performance characteristics below.All other specifications are common with both versions.Vdd=5.00V and ambient temperature unless otherwise specified.1.1绝对的最大等级Absolute Maximum Ratings1.2特征参数Performance CharacteristicsThe frequency response is determined by the sensing element’s internal gas damping.Note 2.The angle output has SIN curve relationship to voltage output refer to paragraph Error!Reference source not found.Note 3.Resolution =Noise density *√(bandwidth)Note 4.Power continuously connected (@23°C).Supply voltage (VDD)VDD电压-0.3Vto+5.5VVoltage at input /outputpins I/O引脚电压-0.3V to (VDD +0.3V)Storage temperature 保存温度-55°C to +125°C Operating temperature 操作温度-40°C to +125°CMechanical shock 机械冲击Drop from 1meter onto a concrete surface (20000g).Powered or non-powered/1.3电气特性Electrical Characteristics1.4SPI 接口的直流特性SPI Interface DC Characteristics1.5SPI 接口AC 特性SPI Interface AC Characteristics1.6SPI 接口时序SPIInterface Timing SpecificationsFigure 2.Timing diagram for SPI communication SPI 数据通信时间图1.7引脚配置Electrical ConnectionIf the SPI interface is not used SCK(pin1),MISO(pin3),MOSI(pin4)and CSB(pin7)must be left floating.Self-test can be activated applying logic“1”(positive supply voltage level)to ST_1or ST_2 pins(pins10or9).Self-test must not be activated for both channels at the same time.If ST feature is not used pins9and10must be left floating or connected to GND.Inclination signals are provided from pins OUT_1and OUT_2.Figure3.SCA100T electrical connection1.8典型工作特性Typical Performance CharacteristicsTypical offset and sensitivity temperature dependencies of the SCA100T are presented in following diagrams.These results represent the typical performance of SCA100T components.The mean valueand3sigma limits(mean±3×standard deviation)and specification limits are presented in followingdiagrams.The3sigma limits represents99.73%of the SCA100T population.SCA100T典型偏移形式在下列的图表中被呈现，这些结果表现SCA100T的典型数据，平均值和3(中间数±3×标准偏差)个限度的规格在下列的图表中示出，3sigma限度代表了SCA100T99.73%的比率。

IDEA15下运⾏Scala遇到问题以及解决办法为了让Scala运⾏起来还是很⿇烦，为了⼤家⽅便，还是记录下来：1、⾸先我下载的是IDEA的社区版本，版本号为15.2、下载安装scala插件：2.1 进⼊设置菜单。

2.2 点击安装JetBrains plugin2.3 输⼊scala查询插件，点击安装说明：我的IDEA已经安装，所以这⾥⾯没有显⽰出来安装按钮，否则右边有显⽰绿⾊按钮。

3、新建Scala⼯程3.1 新建⼯程通过菜单：File----》New Project 选择Scala⼯程。

并且设置项⽬基本信息，如下图：3.2 设置Modules1）点击右上⾓的⽅块：2）在左边选择Libraries---》+---》Scala SDK--》选择版本为2.10.4说明：如果不存在这个版本可以通过左下⾓的download去下载。

3）选择添加Java的Jar⽂件，选择Spark和Hadoop关联的Jar我这⾥添加的是：spark-assembly-1.6.1-hadoop2.6.0.jar 这个是spark安装时候⾃带的lib⾥⾯有，很⼤。

定位到jar所在的⽬录后，刷新，选择这个⽂件，点击OK，会花费⽐较长时间建索引。

4）在Src源码⽬录新建⽂件：WordCount.scala且输⼊如下代码：import org.apache.spark.{SparkConf, SparkContext}import org.apache.spark.SparkContext._object WordCount {def main(args: Array[String]) {if (args.length < 1) {System.err.println("Usage:<File>")System.exit(1)}val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("WordCount")val sc = new SparkContext(conf)val line = sc.textFile(args(0))val words = line.flatMap(_.split("")).map((_, 1))val reducewords = words.reduceByKey(_ + _).collect().foreach(println) sc.stop()}}　5）编译运⾏：需要输⼊参数，所以要设置下相关参数信息：随便复制个⽂件过去，然后设置下：抛出异常：Exception in thread "main" org.apache.spark.SparkException: A master URL must be set in your configuration at org.apache.spark.SparkContext.<init>(SparkContext.scala:401)解决办法：需要设置下SparkContext的地址：抛出异常：16/06/25 12:14:18 ERROR Shell: Failed to locate the winutils binary in the hadoop binary pathjava.io.IOException: Could not locate executable null\bin\winutils.exe in the Hadoop binaries.解决办法：/questions/19620642/failed-to-locate-the-winutils-binary-in-the-hadoop-binary-path可能是因为我没有安装hadoop的原因，设置下相关信息就可以：下载：<a href="/p/article/39/error-util-shell-failed-locate-winutils-binary-hadoop-binary-path">Click here</a>设置：HADOOP_HOME为下载后解压内容的上级⽬录，然后在PATH⾥⾯添加%HADOOP_HOME%/bin;4、其他异常1）异常内容：类或Object XXX已经被定义解决办法：这个可能是⼯程⾥⾯设置了两个source⽬录，需要删除⼀个。

第2期总第101期2010年3月浙　江　工　商　大　学　学　报J O URNAL O F ZHEJ I ANG GO NGSHANG UN I VERS I T Y No .2Vol .101Mar .2010收稿日期:2010-01-05基金项目:国家自然科学基金(70871052)和教育部人文社科规划基金(05JA790031)资助,并在写作过程中得到姜晨、傅沂、燕波、唐牡丹、廖雪洁、宫晓羽等同学的帮助,顺致谢意作者简介:刘汉民,男,山东青岛人,暨南大学管理学院教授,博士生导师,主要从事企业理论、资本结构与公司治理、比较制度分析等研究。

路径依赖理论及其应用研究:一个文献综述刘汉民(暨南大学管理学院,广州510632)摘　要:诺斯的制度变迁理论引介到中国以后,“路径依赖”成为日益流行的概念。

但国内对“路径依赖”的认识存在偏差,因此有必要对路径依赖的相关文献进行梳理,对基本的概念进行深入的剖析。

本文从经济学的视角出发,简要地回顾了路径依赖理论在不同领域的研究进展并加以评析,以期对进一步的应用研究提供借鉴。

关键词:路径依赖;技术变迁;制度变迁;进化博弈;所有制;公司治理中图分类号:F124.8 文献标识码:A 文章编号:10091505(2010)02005815路径依赖(path dependence )概念来自于自然科学领域中的生物学。

1957年,W addingt on 在研究物种进化分叉和物种等级次序时发现,物种进化一方面决定于基因的随机演变和外部环境,另一方面还决定于基因本身存在的等级序列控制[1]。

所以,当物种进化时,偶然性随机因素启动序列控制机制,使物种进化产生各种各样的路径,这些路径互不重合、互不干扰,这就是路径依赖的本意。

其后,古尔德(1999)在研究生物进化中的间断均衡现象(Punctuated Equilibriu m )和熊猫拇指进化问题时,进一步提出了生物演进路径的机制和路径可能非最优的性质,并明确了“路径依赖”的概念[2]。

ESB、JBI、SCA、OSGI概念再学习、再理解SOA、ESB、JBI、SCA、OSGI概念再学习、再理解[转]2010-04-0113：33这几日看了许多SOA，ESB，JBI，SCA，OSGI相关的书籍、BLOG、文章、JavaOne上的一些资料，希望在ESB产品升级之前，能对这些概念再次进行学习、理解。

明确术语，确定关系。

SOASOA是一种业务建模思想，是一种架构风格；它以服务为核心，构建系统；通过进化控制节奏；【摘录】支持对业务进行整合，使其成为一种能够相互联系、可重用的业务任务或者服务。

【注：此处的架构仅指技术相关的架构。

】一种业务建模思想SOA是一种业务建模思想，而不是一种技术体系。

它来自业务敏捷的需求，植根于业务，致力于提升业务的敏捷性。

最低层面：使用SOA的思想分析、重构业务，用服务的概念定义业务单元。

实现层甚至使用现有技术体系，选择几种结构型模式：Faade模式，Proxy模式，Composite模式配合，从而达到原始的SOA层面。

SOA并不强制我们必须分布，必须采用一些支持SOA的技术或产品，只要业务敏捷了，且当前技术架构也能够满足生产发展的需要，就是合适的。

一种架构风格SOA也是一种架构模式，特别是一种分布式架构模式。

实践观点：第二个层面以第一个层面为基础，没有第二个层面，只有第一个层面，我们还可以说这个系统是SOA化的；没有第一个层面，只有第二个层面，这个系统是否SOA化，值得商议。

(IBM提出的SOA切入点中，包含有以技术为中心的切入点【连通性】，从我们实践、公开案例的实践、专家有关SOA实践的书籍来看，以业务为切入点是最合适的，也是最容易成功的，获得组织支持的概率也大；单一的基于技术切入SOA架构，案例较少)它的一些特征：以服务为基本单元，可以把服务视为构件。

服务质量可度量，且可以提升。

基于开放标准。

该架构同时是一种分层架构。

具有分布的能力。

与技术无关性。

鼓励扩展。

Black Duck provides complete control over open source risk, regardless of your organization’s size or budget OverviewBlack Duck® software composition analysis (SCA) can be implemented in two out-of-the-box configurations—Security Edition and Professional Edition. Black Duck Binary Analysis and the cryptography module can be added to either edition to provide greater insight into your application risk posture and enhanced control over your open source and third-party software consumption.Black Duck Security EditionAutomatically identify and remediate open source risks throughout your entire SDLCBlack Duck Security Edition can run either a full dependency scan during a build or a fast scan using the Code Sight™ IDE plugin to provide visibility into the open source security risks in your applications. Black Duck automatically discovers open source components in your applications, and also provides a complete open source Bill of Materials (BOM) for your software projects, giving you critical insight into any known vulnerabilities, as well as the license and code quality risks affecting your applications.• Vulnerability mapping identifies any security risks associated with the open source components in your applications at any point in your software development life cycle (SDLC).• Vulnerability monitoring and alerting automatically monitors for new vulnerabilities against inventoried open source components. It also helps accelerate remediation by instantly alerting security and development teams with detailed and actionable information.• Black Duck Security Advisories (BDSAs) provide notifications of vulnerable open source component versions, including detailed descriptions, exploit profiles, severity scoring, impact analysis, and detailed remediation guidance that security experts and developers alike can understand.• License risk identification safeguards sensitive intellectual property and helps avoid litigation by identifying the open source licenses that apply to the components in your applications. You can view license terms and obligations, automatically generate notice files, and define your own custom policy and let Black Duck handle the enforcement.• Operational risk metrics mitigates the risk of higher support and remediation costs for your development teams by identifying out-of-date component versions or those with limited project activity and community engagement.• Rapid Scan instantly analyzes open source dependencies for vulnerabilities and policy violations before code is built or merged into release branches.• Policy configuration lets you manage and mitigate risk throughout the SDLC. Structure policies for secure and compliant open source consumption and usage, and automate policy violation notifications for faster enforcement and remediation.• DevOps integrations automate open source discovery and provide critical risk insight to the teams who need it, when they needit. Integrations are available for CI/CD tools, package managers, IDEs, container platforms, code repositories, issue trackers, and application security suites.• Black Duck KnowledgeBase is the industry’s largest database of open source project, vulnerability, and license data. Map your BOMto more than 15 years of data, 30% more vulnerabilities than are tracked in the National Vulnerability Database (NVD), and over 2,750 unique licenses.Black Duck Professional EditionCompletely manage open source risk and consumption in your SDLCBlack Duck Professional Edition gives teams the tools they need to fully manage open source risks across their applications and containers. Professional Edition includes all the capabilities of Black Duck Security Edition, plus Black Duck’s advanced security and license compliance capabilities. Regardless of how large your organization or development team is, or what languages and technology you’re employing in your applications, Black Duck scales to meet your unique business needs and provides the most complete risk picture on the market.Multifactor open source discoveryNot all open source is explicitly declared or included in its original form, but it still carries risk. Black Duck identifies all open source components in your applications, modified or unmodified, partial or whole, via a combination of discovery techniques.• Dependency analysis tracks declared components and dependencies• Code print analysis finds undeclared, modified, and partial components, even in languages that don’t use package managers, like C/C++• Snippet matching identifies snippets of open source embedded in your code• Binary analysis detects open source in virtually any compiled software, firmware, or installer format without access to source code or build systems• Custom component detection uses string searching and code printing to find non-open-source, internal, or third-party commercial componentsAdvanced license complianceProtect intellectual property and mitigate the risk of open source license noncompliance with greater insight into license obligations and attribution requirements. Black Duck provides:• Identification and analysis of all applicable licenses beyond those declared• Automated generation of customizable open source software reports at the project/release level• Full texts for the most popular open source licenses• The ability to view license responsibilities and confirm that license commitments have been metSnippet analysis identifies small sections of code originating from open source components that carry the same license obligation as those components. Black Duck enables you to:• View code snippet matches highlighted in the component source, augmenting the accuracy of your open source BOM• Perform a full codebase scan or accelerate your analysis with a delta scan, examining only the files that have changed• Evaluate and triage matches by license risk, matched component version release data, and prevalence• Review key snippet data, including matched component name and version, component license, path, percentage of scanned code matched to component file, and release date• Confirm, flag, or ignore potential matches en masse with bulk edit capabilitiesAdditional Black Duck solutionsBlack Duck is available with additional security enhancements to further your open source risk management capabilities. Both Black Duck Binary Analysis (BDBA) and the cryptography module can be added to Black Duck Security Edition or Professional Edition.Black Duck Binary AnalysisModern software is a patchwork of open source software, commercial code, and internally developed components, and the tendencyto defer accountability throughout today’s complex software supply chain exposes you to significant risk. Vulnerable open source components in your applications are weak links in the supply chain, providing a viable point of entry for attackers. Take steps to identify the risks in the software libraries, executables, and vendor-supplied binaries in your codebase. Black Duck Binary Analysis helps you:• Analyze virtually any compiled software, firmware, mobile application, or installer format without access to source code• Create a detailed BOM of vulnerable open source components, including version, location, license, and known vulnerabilities• Use data from the NVD, including CVSS 2.0 and 3.x metrics, to rank vulnerabilities for remediation• Access detailed vulnerability descriptions, links to vendor advisories, patches, and more• Receive automatic alerts about new vulnerabilities in previously scanned software• Identify declared open source licenses and any potential risk of noncompliance• Use the REST API to accelerate and automate essential risk mitigation and remediation tasks• Identify potential sources of sensitive data leakage that might be in a software package• Gain insight into requested permissions for binary code types where relevant, such as in Android and iOS apps• Identify components that have been compiled without exploit mitigation mechanisms or that contain dangerous execution configurationsCryptography moduleThis module supports data security initiatives and regulations around the legal export of cryptography by tracking the cryptographic algorithms in the open source components in your applications and identifying weak cryptography or obsolete hashing mechanisms. The Black Duck cryptography module provides:• Identification of encryption algorithms found in each open source component version• Detailed cryptography data including key length, originator, licensing, and patent information• Indication of weak encryptionSecurity Edition Professional EditionScanning Dependency, rapid Multifactor scanningVulnerability info BDSA BDSALicense info Basic AdvancedPolicy●●Monitoring●●Reporting●●Integrations All AllAuto-remediation●●Reachability●●Containers●●On-prem options●●ScanningLanguages• C • C++ • C# • Clojure • Erlang • Golang • Groovy • Java• JavaScript • Kotlin • Node.js • Objective-C • Perl • Python • PHP • R • Ruby • Scala •Swift• .NET Cloud technologiesPackage managers• NuGet • Hex • Vndr • Godep • Dep • Maven • Gradle • Npm• CocoaPods • Cpanm • Conda • Pear• Composer • Pip• Packrat • RubyGems • SBT • Bazel • Cargo• C/C++ (Clang)• GoLang • Erlang/Hex • Rebar • Python • Yarn •YoctoBlack Duck | Source and Package Manager ScanningBDBA package manager support• Distro-package-manager: Leverages information from a Linux distribution package manager database to extract component information• The remaining four methods are only applicable to Java bytecode:–pom: Extracts the Java package, group name, and version from the pom.xml or pom.properties files in a JAR file –manifest: extracts the Java package name and version from the entries in the MANIFEST.MF file in a JAR file –jar-filename: Extracts the Javapackage name and version from the jar-filename–hashsum: Uses the sha1 checksum of the JAR file to look it up from known Maven Central registered Java projectsBinary formats• Native binaries • Java binaries • .NET binaries • Go binaries Compression formats• Gzip (.gz) • bzip2 (.bz2) • LZMA (.lz) • LZ4 (.lz4) • Compress (.Z) • XZ (.xz)• Pack200 (.jar) • UPX (.exe) • Snappy • DEFLATE•zStandard (.zst)Archive formats• ZIP (.zip, .jar, .apk, and other derivatives) • XAR (.xar) • 7-Zip (.7z) • ARJ (.arj) • TAR (.tar)• VM TAR (.tar) • cpio (.cpio) • RAR (.rar) • LZH (.lzh)• Electron archive (.asar) •DUMPInstallation formats• Red Hat RPM (.rpm) • Debian package (.deb) • Mac installers (.dmg, .pkg)• Unix shell file installers (.sh, .bin) • Windows installers (.exe, .msi, .cab)• vSphere Installation Bundle (.vib) • Bitrock Installer•Installer generator formats that are supported:–7z, zip, rar self-extracting .exe –MSI Installer –CAB Installer –InstallAnywhere –Install4J –InstallShield –InnoSetup –Wise Installer–Nullsoft Scriptable Install System (NSIS)–WiX InstallerFirmware formats• Intel HEX • SREC • U-Boot• Arris firmware • Juniper firmware • Kosmos firmware•Android sparse file system• Cisco firmwareFile systems / disk images• ISO 9660 / UDF (.iso) • Windows Imaging • ext2/3/4 • JFFS2 • UBIFS • RomFS• Microsoft Disk Image • Macintosh HFS• VMware VMDK (.vmdk, .ova) • QEMU Copy-On-Write (.qcow2) • VirtualBox VDI (.vdi) • QNX—EFS, IFS• NetBoot image (.nbi) •FreeBSD UFSContainer formats• DockerBlack Duck only BDBA onlyCloud technologiesCloud platforms• Amazon Web Services • Google Cloud Platform • Microsoft Azure• Pivotal Cloud FoundryContainer platforms• Docker • OpenShift• Pivotal Cloud Foundry•Kubernetes Package managersDatabases• PostgreSQLBlack Duck | IntegrationsDevOps toolsIDEs• Eclipse• Visual Studio IDE • IntelliJ IDEA • WebStorm • PyCharm • RubyMine • PhpStorm • VS Code• Android StudioContinuous integration• Jenkins • TeamCity • Bamboo• Team Foundation Server • Travis CI • CircleCI • GitLab CI• Visual Studio Team Services • Concourse CI • AWS CodeBuild • Codeship • Azure DevOps • GitHub Actions •OpenShiftWorkflow and notifications• Jira • Slack • Email • SPDX•Azure Boards• Microsoft TeamsBinary and source repositories• Artifactory • NexusApplication security suites• IBM AppScan• Micro Focus Fortify • SonarQube • ThreadFix • Cybric • Code Dx • Fortify •ZeroNorth。

2024-2025学年上外版英语高三上学期期末模拟试卷及解答参考一、听力第一节（本大题有5小题，每小题1.5分，共7.5分）1、W: Which book are you reading, John? M: I’m reading Twilight. It’s very interesting. W: Can I have a look at it? M: Certainly. You can read it now. Q: What are the two speakers talking about?•A: A movie. (Wrong: They were discussing a movie.)•B: A book. (Correct: John is reading a book called Twilight, and they are discussing this book.)•C: A TV show. (Wrong: They were not talking about a TV show.)2、M: I wonder what you think of this new board game. Do you take an interest in it? W:I haven’t tried it, but I think it’s not a good one. It is quite difficult and boring. M: That sounds bad. Q: What does the woman think of the game?•A: It’s interesting. (Wrong: The woman thinks the game is difficult and boring.)•B: It’s difficult and boring. (Correct: The wom an thinks the game is difficult and boring.)•C: It’s not enjoyable. (Correct: The woman considers the game difficult and boring, which means it’s not enjoyable.)The questions are designed to test the students’ ability to understand conversations indifferent contexts and to infer the speakers’ thoughts and feelings based on the dialogue.3.W: I can’t find my textbook. Do you think it could be in the library?M: I think you should check your bag first. We left it there this morning.Question: Where does the conversation hint that the textbook was last seen?A)In the library.B)In the speakers’ bag.C)During the morning.Answer: B) In the speakers’ bag.Explanation: The man suggests that the woman first checks her bag, implying that they left the textbook there earlier that morning.4.M: How was your job interview? Did everything go smoothly?W: It went okay, but I didn’t get the job. The company is looking for someone with more experience than I have.Question: What is the main concern expressed by the woman about the job interview?A)She believes the interview didn’t go well.B)She didn’t receive any feedback on the interview.C)She doesn’t have the required experience.Answer: C) She doesn’t have the required experience.Explanation: The woman explicitly states that the company is looking for more experienced candidates, indicating that her lack of experience is the concern that prevented her from getting the job.5、听下面一段对话。

专题十三阅读理解之人物传记、故事类1.【2015·湖北卷】BWhat Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle.On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can〔装罐〕and preserve much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert.She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that every has the ability to control what’s on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.“I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor,〞she said.Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school.She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,〞 Loe said.Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.〞 Got an apartment with a balcony 〔阳台〕? Plant some herbs.A window? Perfect spot for growing.Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they’re very forgiving.〞 Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,〞 she added.“I think it’s a great place to start.〞“Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.〞Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does.With every planted food.Loe noted, there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor.“I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,〞 Loe said.“Canning for me is about knowing what’s in your food, knowing where it comes from.〞In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,〞she said, “that if we don’t take care of the earth, no will.〞55.The underlined word “prerequisite〞(Pare.1) is closest in meaning to “______〞.A.recipeB.substituteC.requirementD.challenge56.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?A.They are used daily.B.They are easy to grow.C.They can grow very tallD.They can be eaten uncooked57.According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?A.It can preserve their best flavorB.It can promote her online salesC.It can better her cooking skillsD.It can improve their nutrition58.What is the“the bigger picture〞 (Para.6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?A.The knowledge about good foodB.The way to live a grow-our-own lifeC.The joy of getting in touch with foodsD.The responsibility to protect our earth【考点定位】记叙文阅读【名师点睛】记叙文体裁特点是: 人不离事,事不离人。

通过IDEA快速定位和排除依赖冲突前⾔我们程序员在开发的时候经常会遇到各种各样的 BUG 问题，其中⼤部分是业务逻辑异常，还有⼀些是代码书写不规范造成的异常例如：NullPointException（NPE），IndexOutOfBoundsException 等等，其实这些我们都好定位和修复。

但是还有⼀些运⾏时异常定位起来是特别头疼的，那就是jar 包冲突引起的异常。

⼀般程序在运⾏时发⽣类似于ng.ClassNotFoundException，Method not found: '......'，或者莫名其妙的异常信息，这种情况⼀般很⼤可能就是 jar包依赖冲突的问题引起的了。

⾄于为什么会发⽣ jar包依赖冲突？这种问题⼤致可以归纳为如下⼏个原因：版本不匹配，⾼版本依赖了低版本，或者低版本依赖了⾼版本。

例如引⼊第三⽅库，但是第三⽅库基于的是 JDK7，⽽你们项⽬使⽤的是JDK8。

重复引⼊不同版本jar包，造成使⽤错误。

很多时候我们引⼊第三⽅轮⼦，它们依赖引⼊某个基础⼯具使⽤的是 v 1.0 的 jar，但是我们项⽬中⾃⼰也引⼊了该 jar ，但是版本是 v 2.3，这时就会造成项⽬中使⽤同⼀个组件但是依赖了两个不同版本的jar，冲突就会发⽣。

可以看到，其实总的来说 jar 包冲突的主要原因就是依赖的版本冲突。

异常发⽣项⽬中需要导出报表，技术选型的时候，⼀般是选⽤ Apache POI，但是 POI 的使⽤⽅式⽐较基础，开发量⼤，容易出现内存溢出的问题。

考虑到阿⾥开源了⼀套解析和⽣成Excel的⼯具 - EasyExcel，具有避免内存溢出OOM的情况发⽣，⽽且使⽤⽅便简单，所以就将它引⼊到了我们的项⽬中，具体的使⽤版本是 1.0.2。

<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId><version>1.0.2</version></dependency>⽽另⼀个模块需要使⽤ POI 的将 Word 转成 PDF 的功能，所以同时⼜引⼊了如下 POI 的依赖：<!-- poi utils --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi</artifactId><version>3.15</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId><version>3.15</version></dependency>我们从可以发现，阿⾥ EasyExcel 1.0.2 依赖的 POI 也是 3.15，所以照理说应该是没问题的。

Economic developmentFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchEconomic development is the increase in the standard of living in a nation's population with sustained growth from a simple, low-income economy to a modern, high-income economy.[1][2] Also, if the local quality of life could be improved, economic development would be enhanced.[3] Its scope includes the process and policies by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people.[4]Gonçalo L Fonsesca at the New School for Social Research defines economic development as "the analysis of the economic development of nations."[5]The University of Iowa's Center for International Finance and Development states that:'Economic development' is a term that economists, politicians, and others have used frequently in the 20th century. The concept, however, has been in existence in the West for centuries. Modernization, Westernization, and especially Industrialization are other terms people have used when discussing economic development. Although no one is sure when the concept originated, most people agree that development is closely bound up with the evolution of capitalism and the demise of feudalism.[6]The study of economic development by social scientists encompasses theories of the causes of industrial-economic modernization, the phases or waves of economic development historically used by economic developers, plus organizational and related aspects of enterprise development in modern societies. It embraces sociological research on business organization and enterprise development from a historical and comparative perspective; specific processes of the evolution (growth, modernization) of markets and management-employee relations; and culturally related cross-national similarities and differences in patterns of industrial organization in contemporary Western societies. On the subject of the nature and causes of the considerable variations that exist in levels of industrial-economic growth and performance internationally, it seeks answers to such questions as: "Why are levels of direct foreign investment and labour productivity significantly higher in some countries than in others?"[7]Mansell and Wehn state that development has been understood since the second World War to involve economic growth, increases in per capitaincome, and attainment of a standard of living equivalent to that of industrialized countries.[8][9]Economy Development can also be considered as a static theory that documents the state of economy at a certain time. According to Schumpeter (2003)[10] the changes in this equilibrium state to document in economic theory can only be caused by intervening factors coming from the outside.Economic development typically involves improvements in a variety of indicators such as literacy rates, life expectancy, and poverty rates. GDP does not take into account other aspects such as leisure time, environmental quality, freedom, or social justice; alternative measures of economic wellbeing have been proposed (more).A country's economic development is related to its human development, which encompasses, among other things, health and education. These factors are, however, closely related to economic growth so that development and growth often go together.[11]Contents[hide]∙ 1 Intensive versus extensive growth∙ 2 Does growth create development?∙ 3 Models of economic developmento 3.1 Harrod–Domar modelo 3.2 Exogenous growth modelo 3.3 Endogenous growth modelo 3.4 Information-led development∙ 4 Measuring economic development∙ 5 Regional policyo 5.1 Economic developers∙ 6 See also∙7 References∙8 External links[edit] Intensive versus extensive growthA closely related idea is the difference between extensive and intensive economic growth. Extensive growth refers to the increase of overall wealth, while intensive growth refers to the increase of per capita wealth. Unlikeextensive growth, intensive growth is mainly driven by productivity growth and technological progress. While economies in thepre-industrialization period grew extensively, intensive growth is a relatively recent phenomenon that came with modern economic growth.[edit] Does growth create development?Dependency theorists argue that poor countries have sometimes experienced economic growth with little or no economic development; for instance, in cases where they have functioned mainly as resource-providers to wealthy industrialised countries. There is an opposing argument, however, that growth causes development because some of the increase in income gets spent on human development such as education and health.According to Ranis et al. (2000),[12] we view economic growth to human development as a two-way relationship. Moreover, Ranis suggested that the first chain consist of economic growth benefiting human development with GNP. Namely, GNP increases human development by expenditure from families, government and organizations such as NGOs. With the increase in economic growth, families and individuals will likely increase expenditures with the increased in incomes, which leads to increase in human development. Further, with the increased in expenditures, health, education tend to increases in the country and later will contribute to economic growth.In addition to increasing private incomes, economic growth also generate additional resources that can be used to improve social services (such as healthcare, safe drinking water etc...). By generating additional resources for social services, unequal income distribution will be limited as such social services are distributed equally across each community; benefiting each individual. Thus, increasing living standards for the public.[13]To summarize, as noted in Anand’s article (1993),[14] we can view the relationship between human development and economic development in three different explanations. First, increase in average income leading to improvement in health and nutrition (known as Capability Expansion through Economic Growth). Second, it is believed that social outcomes can only be improved by reducing income poverty (known as Capability Expansion through Poverty Reduction). Thirdly, (known as Capability Expansion through Social Services), defines the improvement of social outcomes with essential services such as education, health care, and clean drinking water.[edit] Models of economic developmentThe 3 building blocks of most growth models are:1.the production function,2.the saving function3.the labor supply function (related to population growth).Together with a saving function, growth rate equals s/β(s is the saving rate, and β is the capital-output ratio). Assuming that thecapital-output ratio is fixed by technology and does not change in the short run, growth rate is solely determined by the saving rate on the basis of whatever is saved will be invested.[edit] Harrod–Domar modelThe Harrod–Domar model delineates a functional economic relationship in which the growth rate of gross domestic product (g) depends positively on the national saving ratio (s) and inversely on the nationalcapital/output ratio (k) so that it is written as g = s / k.[edit] Exogenous growth modelThe exogenous growth model(or neoclassical growth model) of Robert Solow and others places emphasis on the role of technological change. Unlike the Harrod-Domar model, the saving rate will only determine the level of income but not the rate of growth. The sources-of-growth measurement obtained from this model highlights the relative importance of capital accumulation (as in the Harrod–Domar model) and technological change (as in the Neoclassical model) in economic growth. The original Solow (1957) study showed that technological change accounted for almost 90 percent of U.S. economic growth in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Empirical studies on developing countries have shown different results (see Chen, E.K.Y.1979 Hyper-growth in Asian Economies).Also see, Krugman (1994), who maintained that economic growth in East Asia was based on perspiration (use of more inputs) and not on inspiration (innovations) (Krugman, P., 1994 The Myth of Asia’s Miracle, Foreign Affairs, 73).Even so, in our postindustrial economy, economic development, including in emerging countries is now more and more based on innovation andknowledge. Creating business clusters is one of the strategies used. One well known example is Bangalore in India, where the software industry has been encouraged by government support including Software Technology Parks.However, when looking at the growth rate put forward from the neoclassical growth model, it seems to suggest that countries with same characteristics and technology will eventually converge to the same rate of growth. However, one should know that the knowledge presented in countries that promotes technological advancement is not stationary. Meaning that knowledge are linked to individual and not to the country.According to Lucas Jr (1988)[15] to compensate the movement of knowledge, we should implement factors such as labour factor to predict immigration flow. With labour movement coming into factor, we can then predict the flow of knowledge which can then successfully lead to increase in technology[edit] Endogenous growth modelA complete explanation of economic development requires a self-starting and self-sustaining model of economic growth that is not provided by neoclassical and Keynesian growth models. The dynamic-strategy model, which is based on an endogenous demand-side theory, provides these characteristics. This model was developed by G.D. Snooks in Longrun Dynamics (1998) and Global Transition (1999).[edit] Information-led developmentInformation-led development (ILD) most commonly refers to a development strategy whereby a developing country makes as a primary economic policy focus the creation and development of a national information technology (IT) sector with the express aim of relying on this sector as an engine of growth. Notable examples of such countries are India and the Philippines.More recently, a new formulation of ILD has emerged. With origins in community economic development in the United States, the new ILD model describes the use of data to generate actionable information or information solutions to development challenges. Examples of this include the inclusion of non-financial payment obligations in consumer credit files, also known as alternative data, and the use of this information in underwriting, as a means to reduce financial exclusion in the UnitedStates, where an estimated 54 million Americans are shut out of mainstream credit access as there is insufficient information about them in their credit files to be scored by a credit scoring model. This variant of ILD was pioneered by PERC, a non-profit policy research organization and development intermediary headquartered in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.[16] Other US-based organizations, including Social Compact[17] and the Local Initiatives Support Corporation,[18] employ variants of ILD, but none has applied this internationally except for PERC.This development model is gaining traction in emerging markets such as Colombia and South Africa, where the data is being used to reduce financial exclusion and facilitate credit access as a means to build wealth and form assets. It is also attracting increasing attention from development agencies, including USAID, the International Finance Corporation, the World Bank Group, and the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor.[edit] Measuring economic developmentMain article: List of countries by GDP (real) growth rateWorld map showing GDP real growth rates for 2008.North America, even though one of the slowest growing continents, has stable growth. Most of the faster growing economies are in the Caribbean.South America has a Boom and Bust growth with high followed by recession growth, most notable in Brazil, however growth has been stabilizing and the whole continent is growing.Africa has seen the fastest growing but also the slowest growing/declining. From the oil fields which made Angola the 3rd fastest growing country in the world, to Zimbabwe the slowest growing and declining country in the world. Oil in Africa has created 'wealth spots' were a few countries have exceeded their neighbors in wealth. Out of the 10 fastest growing countries in the world, 3 were African. Some countries have in the past been the fastest growing in the world. Equatorial Guinea reached 75% growth in 2004 because of oil reserves.Europe has one of the most stable growth rates. After the fall of the Soviet Union, there was a period of economic decline in Eastern Europe over the 1990s, followed by recovery in the 2000s. The region is now experiencing growth, particularly in those countries that have recently joined the European Union. If the Caucasus were included, Europe would be one of thefastest growing continents in the world. Most countries are growing at a medium speed; however, many smaller countries exceed 7% and grow exceptionally faster than their neighbors. Out of the 10 fastest growing countries in the world, only 1 is in Europe.Overall in the 20th century Asia was seen as the area with most growth; however, in the 21st century, most of this has been dominated by China. Some spots of growth are starting to appear in East and even South Asia. Most nations with high populations have seen high growth especially. Out of the 10 fastest growing countries 3 were directly in Asia, and 3 indirectly or partially.Meanwhile Oceania has seen moderate growth. The only exceptional growth in Oceania has been on Vanuatu.Some countries have negative growth, most often due to ongoing wars or hyperinflation. These countries include Palestinean territories, Zimbabwe, Fiji and Chad.Other sources of information can also be used to demonstrate economic development. These include GVA, Unemployment and Business Data.[edit] Regional policyIn its broadest sense, policies of economic development encompass three major areas:∙Governments undertaking to meet broad economic objectives such as price stability, high employment, and sustainable growth. Suchefforts include monetary and fiscal policies, regulation offinancial institutions, trade, and tax policies.∙Programs that provide infrastructure and services such as highways, parks, affordable housing, crime prevention, and K–12 education.∙Job creation and retention through specific efforts in business finance, marketing, neighborhood development, workforcedevelopment, small business development, business retention andexpansion, technology transfer, and real estate development. This third category is a primary focus of economic developmentprofessionals.[edit] Economic developersEconomic development, which is thus essentially economics on a social level, has evolved into a professional industry of highly specialized practitioners. The practitioners have two key roles: one is to provide leadership in policy-making, and the other is to administer policy, programs, and projects. Economic development practitioners generally work in public offices on the state, regional, or municipal level, or in public-private partnerships organizations that may be partially funded by local, regional, state, or federal tax money. These economic development organizations (EDO's) function as individual entities and in some cases as departments of local governments. Their role is to seek out new economic opportunities and retain their existing business wealth.There are numerous other organizations whose primary function is not economic development work in partnership with economic developers. They include the news media, foundations, utilities, schools, health care providers, faith-based organizations, and colleges, universities, and other education or research institutions.With more than 20,000 professional economic developers employed world wide in this highly specialized industry, the International Economic Development Council [IEDC] [3] headquartered in Washington, D.C. is a non-profit organization dedicated to helping economic developers do their job more effectively and raising the profile of the profession. With over 4,500 members across the US and internationally, serving exclusively the economic development community, IEDC membership represents the entire range of the profession ranging from regional, state, local, rural, urban, and international economic development organizations, as well as chambers of commerce, technology development agencies, utility companies, educational institutions, consultants and redevelopment authorities. Many individual states also have associations comprising economic development professionals, who work closely with IEDC.There are issues with economic development professionals' attitudes towards both themselves and their careers. Many believe that progress made in economic development is caused by chance and that they had little to do with it. This is widespread across the U.S.[19]There is intense competition between communities, states, and nations for new economic development projects in today's globalized world, and the struggle to attract and retain business is further intensified by the use of many variations of economic incentives to the potential business such as; tax incentives, help with investment capital, donated land and many others. IEDC places significant attention on the various activities undertaken by economic development organizations to help them compete and sustain vibrant communities.Additionally, the use of community profiling tools and database templates to measure community assets versus other communities is also an important aspect of economic development. Job creation, economic output, and increase in taxable basis are the most common measurement tools. When considering measurement, too much emphasis has been placed on economic developers for "not creating jobs." However, the reality is that economic developers do not typically create jobs, but facilitate the process for existing businesses and start-ups to do so. Therefore, the economic developer must make sure that there are sufficient economic development programs in place to assist the businesses achieve their goals. Those types of programs are usually policy-created and can be local, regional, statewide and national in nature.。

组织结构变革中的路径依赖与路径创造机制研究——以联想集团为例李海东;林志扬【摘要】Due to the strong tendency of historical determinism, the classical path dependence theory can not explain the significant technical and institutional change and the generation of a new path. These issues promote the researchers to switch the research perspective and pay more attention to the path creation and path breaking. Strategic action has a attribute of path dependence, and according to the contention that strategy determines structure and structure follows strategy, the article illustrates that path dependence is embedded in organizational structure system. From the perspective of the organizational structure model evolution! the mechanism of path dependence formation and path creation is discussed. At the same time, the dual impact of path dependence and path creation in organizational structure change on organizational operation is also discussed. Finally, the article takes Lenovo Group of China modern IT industry as an example to illustrates path dependence and path creation in the evolution process of Lenovo Group's organizational structure model.%经典的路径依赖理论因具有较强的历史决定论倾向,因而无法解释重大的技术和制度变革以及新路径的产生,这些问题推动着研究者将研究视角转向了路径创造和路径突破.战略行为具有路径依赖的特征,根据“战略决定结构、结构跟随战略”的思想,组织结构系统内生地蕴含着路径依赖特性.从组织结构模式演进的角度对组织中的路径依赖形成机制和路径创造机制进行研究,并讨论了组织结构变革中的路径依赖和路径创造对组织运行的双重影响.以联想集团为例,探讨了联想集团组织结构模式选择演化历程中的路径依赖和路径创造.【期刊名称】《管理学报》【年(卷),期】2012(009)008【总页数】12页(P1135-1146)【关键词】路径依赖;组织结构变革;路径创造;自我增强机制;联想集团【作者】李海东;林志扬【作者单位】景德镇陶瓷学院工商管理学院;厦门大学管理学院【正文语种】中文【中图分类】C93组织作为一个开放性系统，不断地与外部环境进行物质、能量和信息的交换。

高三英语学术研究方法创新不断探索单选题30题1.In an academic research discussion, what is the most important aspect of a research method?A.AccuracyB.SpeedC.CreativityD.Popularity答案：A。

解析：在学术研究中，准确性是至关重要的，它确保研究结果的可靠性。

速度在某些情况下可能重要，但不是最主要的。

创造力也很重要，但不是最重要的方面。

而受欢迎程度与研究方法的重要性关系不大。

2.What does a good research method ensure?A.Lots of dataB.Accurate resultsC.Fast completionD.High popularity答案：B。

解析：一个好的研究方法能确保得到准确的结果。

大量的数据不一定能保证结果准确。

快速完成也不是主要目的。

高人气与研究方法的主要作用无关。

3.In academic research, the definition of a research method mainly includes?A.Question asking and data collectionB.Guessing and intuitionC.Opinion sharing and discussionD.Random selection and chance答案：A。

解析：学术研究方法主要包括提出问题和收集数据。

猜测和直觉不是科学的研究方法。

意见分享和讨论是研究的一部分但不是研究方法的定义。

随机选择和偶然也不是研究方法的主要内容。

4.Which of the following is not a characteristic of an effective research method?A.Biased data collectionB.Systematic approachC.ReliabilityD.Validity答案：A。