2019年最新高考英语考试大纲解读专题05写作含解析

专题04 阅读理解《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》（英语）中有关阅读的要求：要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

【解读】阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。

该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。

考生应能：2. 理解文中具体信息文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节信息对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。

具体信息有时可以直接从文章中获取，有时则需要进行归纳、概括和推断后才能得到。

3. 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的单词和短语，但许多这类词语的含义可以通过上下文推断出来。

这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断词语含义的能力，是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读理解部分经常考查的一种能力。

4.根据所读内容作出判断和推理在实际的阅读活动中，常常需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势等。

这种判断和推理的能力是阅读理解能力的重要构成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。

6. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。

而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。

因此，读者需要在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。

【说明文】【样题】(2018·全国新课标I，D)We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment– and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life –from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices– we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and boxTVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what’s the solution(解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。

考试大纲的说明①精听、熟背听力材料，尤其是高考真题听力材料对提高听力水平很有帮助。

请反复跟读、听背高考听力。

②听力语音材料的特点速度快，情节复杂，数字多，混淆度强；音频材料存在失去爆破、连读、同化等现象。

③充分利用每一处停顿的时间，快速浏览下一段听力的试题。

听好当下题，停顿时间内着眼下一题，永远不要纠结上一段听力。

心态平和很重要。

④七选五阅读对事理指导性说明文情有独钟。

⑤语言知识涵盖语音知识、词汇知识、语法知识、语篇知识和语用知识，是构成语言能力的重要基础。

语用知识指在特定语境中准确理解他人和得体表达自己的知识。

⑥完形填空重点考查词汇，不涉及或偶尔涉及语法。

⑦此处是非提示词类，设空3-4处。

非提示词类只填一个词，如能填if的就不要填so/ as long as⑧此处是提示词类，设空6-7处⑨做短文改错要有“三观”：观语篇大局定时态，观句子大局看连词，观单词大局看如下：a.动词-ed或ing的互相转换;b.名词单复数转换；c.形容词和副词转换d.代词是否准确；e.是否多漏冠词、介词、不定式符号to⑩要点齐全、语言地道、行文流畅、卷面整洁○11设问词按使用的频率依次为:what, when, where, why, how, which, who, whose。

○12要注意这种情况：说话者通过语气和语调的变化表达意义和观点，反映其态度、意图和情感等。

○13广义的阅读包括试卷中阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空和短文改错，约占分之二的分值，在试卷中占权重较大。

○14主旨在首段或首句。

准确理解首段或首句很重要，也很有必要○15主旨在字里行间，因此要“ Read between the lines.”○16这类试题是细节理解题。

细节理解题主要是直接信息题和间接信息(语意转换)题。

○17词义猜测题可分两类a.指代关系，如2017全国卷Ⅰ(29题)、卷Ⅱ(26题)，考查在语篇中的逻辑推理能力。

b.同义替换，如2017全国卷Ⅲ(29题)。

2019 年高考英语（全国II 卷）假定你是校排球队队长李华。

请写邮件告知你的队友Chris 球队近期将参加比赛，内容包括;1. 比赛信息；2. 赛前准备；3. 表达期待注意：1. 词数100 左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文文连贯。

【题目分类】应用文：通知比赛信息及赛前准备事项【写作要点】开头段背景介绍，表明写邮件的目的：通知比赛信息等；主体段细节描述:1 ）比赛信息；2）赛前准备；结尾段表达期待，给予鼓励；【选材分析】作文依旧考查了应用文的写作，选材传统，贴近学生真实校园生活；所给邮件要点明确，只要覆盖到所有要点，灵活运用多种词汇和句式，达到上下文衔接连贯，基本就没有什么问题；样文：Dear Chris,How are you doing? Currently, high school volleyball match is around the corner . As the captain of our school volleyball team , I ’m writing itnoform you some key information with regard to this.Here is a brief notice. As scheduled, the match is supposed to launch in our school gym from 7:00 to 9:00 p.m. next Sunday. All team members are required to gather in the gym in advance. Additionally, intensive training will be arranged every morning from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. before the match.Our coach, Mr. Wang, will show us some practical game plans then.Everyone is longing for our victory, and it would be more cheerful if we could win the champion in our own school.Your participation will surly make a difference.Yours,Li Hua。

2019年高考英语真题写作解析一、假定你是李华，暑期在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。

请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：1.写信目的；2.个人优势；3.能做的事情。

注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.结束语已为你写好。

【写作指导】申请信类型很多，包括求职信，报考申请信，留学申请信等；写申请信应注意语言言简意赅，语气诚恳礼貌，避免夸张。

申请信一般包括：申请原因、具备条件、恳请申请单位考虑自己的申请，表示谢意，期盼回复。

具体为：第一段引入事件，说明写信目的。

第二段介绍关于自己的一些具体内容。

第三段提出请求，表示感谢盼复。

【好词好句】1. 好词集锦：confident 自信的suitable 合适的extremely 非常；极度pleased 高兴的grateful 感激的especially 特别；尤其；格外opportunity 机会position 职位apply for 申请be good at 擅长take...into consideration 考虑2. 说明应聘原因常用语(1) I learned from sb/the newspaper that your company wanted to...(2) I was told that...(3) I have just read in the newspaper that your company needs a...(4) I am writing to inqure the opportunity for ...(5) I am writing to you to inqure if there would be any position available for me to work as a...(6) I am writing to apply for the job.(7) I have learned from your advertisement that a ...is wanted in your company. 3. 介绍个人优势常用语(1) Now I would like to introduce myself to you.(2) My name is Tom aged 16/who is a 16-year-old boy.(3) I graduated from...in 2012.(4) I like / am fond of swimming singing and dancing in my spare time.(5) I work hard and I can get along /on well with others.(6) I am good at English and especially my spoken English is fairly good.(7) I can talk to foreigners in English freely.(8) I am currently studying ...4. 表示感谢及请求常用语(1) Thank you for your consideration of my application.(2) If you agree with me I\\'ll work hard and try to be a...(3) I am looking forward to hearing from you.(4) If you agree with me please write to me or phone me. My telephone number is...(5) I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to ....(6) I would like to apply the position that your company offers to me.(7) Thank you for considering my application and I am looking forward to your early reply.(8) I would be very grateful if you could consider my application.【优秀范文】Dear Sir or MadamBeing a student from China I\\'m writing this letter to apply for the voluntary position in the coming exhibition of Chinese paintings. And I\\'m really willing to expect you can consider me into this position.Given that I can speak both English and fluent Chinese and I am outgoing sociable and responsible I do believe I am competent for this job. In addition through this I can not only improve my oral English but also introduce Chinese painting and calligraphy culture to visitors from all over the world. I would also like to seize this opportunity to deepen visitors\\' understanding of China and itspainting and calligraphy culture. I hope it is possible to be accepted as a volunteer of this exhibition.Thank you for considering my application and I am looking forward to your early reply.YoursLi Hua二、假定你是李华，你校将举办音乐节。

2019年高考英语写作考试大纲解读（含答案）《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》（英语）中有关写作的要求：要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。

【解读】写作是语言运用能力的重要表现形式。

该部分要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。

考生应能：2.使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，使用合适的句型、词组等，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。

新课标卷主要分两节，第一节为短文改错，第二节书面表达。

常用词语和句子准时on time/punctually餐桌礼仪table manners合适的、恰当的appropriate拜访pay a visit toYou are suppos ed/expected/required to do…It’s a good idea to…It’s appropriate/suitable to do …It’s sensible/reasonable/advisable to do …It’s good manners to do …It’s noteworthy that…I think it would be more helpful if you could do…It would be wise of you to…It’s desirable to do …It’s inappropriate to do …It’s impolite to do…It’s unwise/inadvisable to do …Never （助动词/系动词/情态动词）主语+谓语动词…It’s not suitable for you to do…in such a situation.【备考启示】近年来高考写作的命题常用的思想就是高起点低落点。

高起点题目很高，中国文化，中国故事，中国礼仪等等，但最终都把它们落在应用文的框架里，这就是低落点。

2019年高考英语考试大纲解读（含答案）《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》（英语）中有关语言知识的要求:要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题，要求词汇量为右。

3500 左高考试卷对语言知识的考查主要体现于完形填空和语法填空。

核心语法，构建网络，不纠缠褊难怪”词法、句法、章法是语法的灵魂，对于这三个要素要形成体系，不要支离破碎地学习，尽量掌握核心内容，不要把重心放在偏难怪”且有争议的语法现象上。

可以制作一个语法知识本，以梳理核心语法知识，形成自己的知识网络，进而提升借助语法进行阅读和写作的能力。

如牢记常见的不可数名词，如advice, equipment, evidence, fun, furniture, information, luck, news, luggage/baggage, progress 等牢记核心的词形变化，如warm — warmth, argue— argument, strong—strength, just—justice, unjust —injustice, explain —explanation 等。

题型1完形填空全国卷对完形填空的考查，近几年来一直以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，以说明文和议论文为辅，2018 年全国卷II和全国卷出的完形填空就选用了记叙文，全国卷I采用了夹叙夹议文。

从选材到试题的设置都呈现出“稳中有变”的特点：1.题材相对稳定：文章的选材都是中学生熟悉的话题，能够传递正能量，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，读后能给考生带来心灵的启迪。

且文章大多原汁原味，语言地道，注重思想性和教育性，具有积极的教育意义，体现出了课程标准中对培养学生的情感、态度和价值观的要求。

2.文章短小精悍：完形填空的文章长度一般为250词左右，结构完整，脉络清晰，难度适中，全文设置20个空格，要求考生根据文章的整体内容，从层次结构和上下文的逻辑关系方面选择符合文章情节的选项，很少涉及纯语法知识试题。

专题五动词的时态和语态1.【2018·北京】22.--Did you enjoy the party?--Yes,we___by our hosts.A.were treatedB.would be treated.C.treatedD.had treated【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：——你喜欢这个聚会吗？——是的，我们的主人很好的招待了我们。

根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。

空中应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。

【考点定位】考查动词的时态及语态。

【名师点睛】本题考查时态和语态，本题需要先看句子中有没有明确的时间状语，然后再看有没有相关的词，比如隐藏的时间点，和一些动词的过去式。

解答时态语态题时，学生需要注意结合上下文语境，找出相关提示词来判断时态；并且分析出主语和动词是主谓关系还是动宾关系。

2.【2018·北京】26.in the last few years,China ___ great achievements in environmental protection.A.has madeB.had madeC.was makingD.is making【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。

由时间状语in the last few years 可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。

故选A。

【考点定位】考查时态。

【名师点睛】判断时态可以从时间状语入手，题干中的in the last few years为现在完成时的时间标志词。

类似的还有over/ for/ during the last/ past years/months…均为现在完成时的时间标志，所以做此类题时，需要先看句子中是否有明确的时间点，然后我再判断时态。

3.【2018·北京】27.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house?—Not really.She___us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily?A.was to giveB.had givenC.was givingD.would give【答案】B【考点定位】考查时态。

路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索！2020-2021年备考匠心巨作精雕细琢-by 中高考前沿《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》（英语）中有关写作的要求：要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。

【解读】写作是语言运用能力的重要表现形式。

该部分要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。

考生应能：2.使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，使用合适的句型、词组等，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。

新课标卷主要分两节，第一节为短文改错，第二节书面表达。

常用词语和句子准时on time/punctually餐桌礼仪table manners合适的、恰当的appropriate拜访pay a visit toYou are supposed/expected/required to do…It’s a good idea to…It’s appropriate/suitable to do …It’s sensible/reasonable/advisable to do …It’s good manners to do …It’s noteworthy that…I think it would be more helpful if you could do…It would be wise of you to…It’s desirable to do …It’s inappropriate to do …It’s impolite to do…It’s unwise/inadvisable to do …Never （助动词/系动词/情态动词）主语+谓语动词…It’s not suitable for you to do…in such a situation.【备考启示】近年来高考写作的命题常用的思想就是高起点低落点。