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屠呦呦：青蒿素的发现者，中国的医学之光Tu Youyou, a renowned Chinese scientist, has made a remarkable contribution to global health. She is best known for her groundbreaking research that led to the discovery of artemisinin, a drug that has significantly reduced the mortality rates from malaria. Her journey to this remarkable discovery began in the 1970s, when malaria was a major public health issue in China. Tu Youyou's perseverance and dedication to research, despite numerous challenges and setbacks, is an inspiration to us all.Tu Youyou's journey to the discovery of artemisinin was not an easy one. She and her team faced numerous obstacles, including limited resources and a lack of modern equipment. However, she never gave up and continued to explore various traditional Chinese medical texts in search of potential treatments for malaria. Her hard work and dedication eventually paid off, as she and her team discovered artemisinin, a compound derived from the sweet wormwood plant that has proven effective against malaria.The impact of Tu Youyou's discovery has been felt worldwide. Artemisinin has saved millions of lives and has become a key component in the global fight against malaria. Tu Youyou's work has also brought recognition and respect to Chinese medicine and science on the global stage.Tu Youyou's achievements are a testament to the power of perseverance, dedication, and the integration of traditional knowledge with modern science. She is a role model for scientists and researchers everywhere, who strive to make a difference in the field of medicine and beyond. Tu Youyou's legacy will continue to inspire generations to pursue scientific research and contribute to global health and well-being.屠呦呦，这位著名的中国科学家，为全球健康事业做出了卓越的贡献。
屠呦呦发现青蒿素的英语作文Title: Tu Youyou's Discovery of Artemisinin Tu Youyou, a remarkable Chinese scientist, has made a significant contribution to global healthcare with her discovery of artemisinin. Her work has revolutionized the treatment of malaria, a deadly disease that affects millions of people worldwide.Malaria has been a persistent global health issue for centuries, and finding an effective treatment has been a challenge. However, Tu Youyou's perseverance and dedication to research have paved the way for a breakthrough. Her journey began with a deep dive into traditional Chinese medicine, where she found references to a plant called qinghao (sweet wormwood) that was used to treat fevers.Inspired by these ancient texts, Tu Youyou set out to investigate the potential of qinghao in treating malaria. She led a team of researchers at the China National Institute of Parasitic Diseases and conducted extensive experiments. After numerous failures and setbacks, her team finally isolated a compound from qinghao that showed promising results against malaria parasites.This compound was later named artemisinin, and it has proven to be an incredibly effective treatment for malaria. Artemisinin-based drugs are now used worldwide to save millions of lives every year. Thanks to TuYouyou's discovery, malaria patients can now be treated with fewer side effects and a shorter recovery time.Tu Youyou's achievements have been recognized globally. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for her contributions to the fight against malaria. Her discovery of artemisinin has not only benefited patients but has also inspired other researchers to explore the potential of traditional medicine in modern healthcare.In conclusion, Tu Youyou's discovery of artemisinin is a remarkable achievement that has had a profound impact on global healthcare. Her dedication, perseverance, and innovative thinking have led to a breakthrough in the fight against malaria, and her work continues to inspire scientists around the world.。
第29卷 第4期1999年 11 月植 物 病 理 学 报A CT A PHY SOP A T HOL O GI CA SIN ICAV o l.29 N o.4N o v. 1999梨黑星病菌寄生部位及致病作用研究*李保华** 赵美琦(中国农业大学植病系,北京100094)摘要 组织透明及扫描电镜研究结果表明:梨黑星病菌在叶片上主要寄生于表皮细胞和叶脉薄壁组织细胞的表面,沿细胞表面扩展。
病原菌并非只在角质层与表皮细胞间生长,而且在表皮细胞和叶脉薄壁组织细胞的细胞间寄生。
在大量的观察中,没有发现侵入到细胞内菌丝或菌丝变态结构。
梨黑星病菌不寄生叶肉细胞,但能导致叶肉细胞病变。
由于黑星病菌的寄生性既不同于专性寄生,也不同于杀生寄生,才使梨黑星病的潜育期和产孢期都长于这两类真菌病害。
这是认识和研究梨黑星病发病特点和流行规律的基础。
关键词:梨黑星病,寄生,扩展STUDIES ON PARASITIC POSITION AND PATHOGENICITY OF Venturia nashicolaLi Baohua Zhao M eiqi(Departmen t of Phytopathology,China Agr icultu ral Un ivers ity,Beijing100094)Abstract Studies by tissue clear ing and Scanning Electro n M icroscope sho ws that V enturia nashicola Tanaka et Yam am oto can only parasitize epidermal cells and parenchy matous cells of leaf vein on pear leaves and the hyphae gr ow on the surface of the cells w ithout invading into the cells.Results also demonstrate that the hyphae extended no t o nly under the cuticular m em-br ane but also o n the intercellular space of epider mal cells and parenchymatous cells of leaf vein and finally form ed a hy phal w eb around the cells.No metam orphic hyphae invaded into host cells,such as haustoria,w ere fo und in all the observations.T he fung i did no t parasitize meso-phyll cells but caused so me damag e to them.T he parasitic and pathog enic char acter istics, w hich w ere different fr om the obligate parasitism and biocidal parasitism,pro long ed the latent and conidial production period and w ere the key of r ecognizing the disease epidemic.Key words:Venturia nashicola,parasitism,expand1 前 言梨黑星病(Venturia nashicola T anaka et Yam am oto)是梨树的主要病害[1,2],有不同于其它真菌病害的发病特点。
植物干细胞调控研究新进展中国细胞生物学学报Chinese Journal of Cell Biology 2015, 37(7): 1021–1028DOI: 10.11844/cjcb.2015.07.0024收稿日期: 2015-01-15 接受日期: 2015-04-07973计划前期研究专项(批准号: 2014CB160306)、重庆市教委创新团队建设基金(批准号: KJTD201307)和重庆师范大学引进人才启动基金项目(批准号: 12XLR36)资助的课题*通讯作者。
Tel: 023-********, E-mail: hanmazhang@/doc/f017810486.html, Received: January 15, 2015 Accepted: April 7, 2015This work was supported by the National Grand Fundamental Research Pre-973 Program of China (Grant No.2014CB160306), the Innovation T eam Fund of the Education Department of Chongqing Municipality (Grant No.KJTD201307) and a Start-Up Fund from Chongqing Normal University (Grant No.12XLR36)*Corresponding author. Tel: +86-23-65912976, E-mail: hanmazhang@/doc/f017810486.html, 网络出版时间: 2015-07-01 16:53 URL: /doc/f017810486.html,/kcms/detail/31.2035.Q. 20150701.1653.001.html植物干细胞调控研究新进展赵中华南文斌梁永书张汉马*(植物环境适应分子生物学重庆市重点实验室, 重庆师范大学生命科学学院, 重庆 401331)摘要植物干细胞是植物胚后发育形成各种组织和器官的细胞来源和信号调控中心, 其调控机理是植物学研究的重要内容。
基于转录组测序的小麦旗叶表皮蜡质差异表达基因分析温宏伟1,党一飞1,董凡凡2,陈楠1,张明义1,武棒棒1,逯腊虎1,杨斌1(1.山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西临汾041000;2.临汾市农业技术推广站,山西临汾041000)摘要:为探索小麦表皮蜡质合成机制及调控机制,研究以济麦22无蜡突变体和多蜡突变体抽穗期叶片为材料,采用转录组测序技术分析2种突变体中叶片基因表达情况,以筛选出差异表达基因,并对差异表达基因进行K EG G 蜡质功能注释和通路富集分析。
结果显示,在2种突变体叶片中共获得40.63G b 高质量基因数据,各样品中有效数据均达到9.63G b ,Q 30碱基百分比在94.22%以上,比对效率达到91%以上。
2种突变体叶片中共检测到6840个差异表达基因,包括3181个上调基因和3659个下调基因。
K EG G 蜡质功能注释发现,差异基因主要富集到角质、亚角质和生物蜡的合成过程、脂肪酸降解以及过氧化物酶体生理活动过程,其中,与蜡质功能相关差异显著表达基因26个,主要包括CE R 1、M A H 1、FA R 和W SD 1,这些基因通过调控醛、烷烃、伯醇、仲醇、酮及蜡酯合成过程,进而影响小麦表皮蜡质的差异表现。
关键词:小麦;蜡质突变体;R N A -Seq ;表皮蜡质中图分类号:S512.1文献标识码:A文章编号:1002-2481(2021)12-1462-05A nal ysi s on D i f f erent i al l y E xpress ed G enes of Fl ag L eaf E pi derm i sW ax B ased on T rans cri pt om e Sequenci ng i n W heatW EN H ongw ei 1,D A N G Y i f ei 1,D O N G Fanf an 2,C H EN N an 1,ZH A N G M i ngyi 1,W U Bangbang 1,LU Lahu 1,Y A N G Bi n 1(1.I ns t i t ut e ofW heat ,ShanxiA gr i cul t ur alU ni ver s i t y ,Li nf en 041000,Chi na ;2.Li nf en A gr i cul t ur alTechnol ogy Ext ensi on St at i on ,Li nf en 041000,Chi na )A bst ract :To expl or e t he r egul at i ons of f l ag l eaf epi der m i s wax s ynt hes i s i n wheat ,we anal yzed di f f er ent i al l y expr es s ed genes (D EG s )bet w een non-w axy m ut ant s and m ul t i -waxy m ut ant s i nduced by J i m ai22bas ed on t r ans cr i pt om e sequenci ng.A nd t hen K yot o E ncycl opedi a of G enes and G enom es (K EG G )pat hway enr i chm ent anal ysi s wer e per f or m ed wi t h t he s cr eened D EG s .The r esul t s ofR N A -Seq s howed t hata t ot alof40.63G b hi gh qual i t y dat a wer e obt ai ned i n t he l eaves oft he t w o m ut ant s ,and t he cl ean dat a i n each sam pl e r eached 9.63G b.The per cent age ofQ 30bases was m or e t han 94.22%,and t he com par i s on ef f i ci ency was m or e t han 91%.A t ot al of6840s i gni f i cantD EG s wer e det ect ed i n t he l eaves oft he t wo m ut ant s ,i ncl udi ng 3181up-r egul at ed genes and 3659dow n-r egul at ed genes.Fur t her m or e,t hes e D EG s wer e i nvol ved i n s ever alK EG G pat hways m ai nl y i ncl udi ng t he synt hesi s pr oces s ofcut i n,suber i ne and w ax bi os ynt hes i s ,f at t y aci d degr adat i on and per oxi s om e phys i ol ogi calact i vi t y.Ther e wer e 26genes s i gni f i cant l y r el at ed t o w ax f unct i on,i ncl udi ng CER 1,M A H 1,FA R and W SD 1,and s o on,w hi ch af f ect ed t he di f f er ent i alexpr es si on off l ag l eafepi der m i s w ax by r egul at i ng t he s ynt hes i s ofal dehydes ,al kanes,pr i m ar y al cohol s ,s econdar y al cohol s,ket ones and wax gr eas e i n w heat .K ey w ords :wheat ;waxy m ut ant ;R N A -Seq;epi der m i s wax收稿日期:2021-10-06基金项目:山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D 211004-2);山西省农业科学院国家自然科学基金培育项目(Y G J PY 2008);山西省面上青年基金项目(201801D 221314)作者简介:温宏伟(1990-),男,山西朔州人,研究实习员,主要从事小麦诱变育种及抗旱机理研究工作。
小学上册英语第1单元期末试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The _______ blooms in the summertime.2.What is the capital of South Sudan?A. JubaB. KhartoumC. Addis AbabaD. NairobiA3.How many legs does an insect have?A. 4B. 6C. 8D. 10B4.Which animal says "meow"?A. DogB. CatC. CowD. Sheep5.What do we call the movement of the Earth around the sun?A. RotationB. RevolutionC. OrbitD. AxisB6.I watched a _______ (小鸭子) follow its mother.7.I believe that every child should have access to __________.8.The _____ (train) is very loud.9.My sister is __________ (善良的) to everyone she meets.10.I like to _______ my toys before bed.11.The ______ is known for her research in science.12.What is the process of a seed growing into a plant called?A. GerminationB. PollinationC. CultivationD. FertilizationA13.How many legs does a spider have?A. SixB. EightC. TenD. Twelve14.My ______ is very kind and helpful.15.What is the main source of light during the day?A. MoonB. StarsC. SunD. FireC16.Chemical reactions can change the ________ of substances.17.The ________ (cactus) grows in the desert.18.What is the name of the famous car race held every year in France?A. Monaco Grand PrixB. Le MansC. Daytona 500D. Indianapolis 500B19.How many legs do insects typically have?A. 4B. 6C. 8D. 10B20.During the holidays, I visit my ______ (祖父母) in the countryside. They have a big ______ (花园) where I can play.21.Oxygen is necessary for the process of ______.22.We enjoy ______ (看电视) in the evenings.23._____ (学校花园) can teach students about nature.24.What do you call a collection of stories?A. AnthologyB. NovelC. CompilationD. CollectionA25.The chemical symbol for europium is __________.26.We enjoy _______ (看电影) together.27.The ______ has a strong family bond.28.He enjoys playing with his ___. (toys)29.My dad loves to watch _____ (比赛) on TV.30.My _____ (妈妈) loves to bake cookies for my friends. 我妈妈喜欢给我的朋友们烤饼干。
·169·收稿日期：2022-07-20基金项目：江西省自然科学基金面上项目（20202BABL205002）；江西省主要学科学术和技术带头人培养计划青年人才项目（20204BCJL23044）通讯作者：杨有新（1985-），https:///0000-0001-8078-5677，博士，副教授，主要从事设施园艺研究工作，E-mail ：yangyouxin@ ；周勇（1984-），https:///0000-0002-8432-6678，博士，副教授，主要从事植物功能基因组学研究工作，E-mail ：*****************.cn第一作者：赵金栋（1998-），https:///0000-0002-5216-9030，研究方向为生物化学与分子生物学，E-mail ：zjd135********@黄瓜光敏色素互作因子的鉴定及表达分析赵金栋1，廖伟民1，朱楚霞1，刘建萍1，杨有新2*，周勇1*（1江西农业大学生物科学与工程学院，江西南昌330045；2江西农业大学农学院，江西南昌330045）摘要：【目的】对黄瓜光敏色素互作因子（Phytochrome-interacting factor ，PIF ）家族基因进行系统分析和表达特征分析，为探究其在黄瓜生长发育与胁迫响应中的作用机理提供参考。
【方法】基于黄瓜全基因组数据，通过生物信息学方法鉴定黄瓜PIF 家族基因，并对家族基因的外显子—内含子结构、染色体定位、基因复制事件、系统进化树、保守基序及组织和胁迫相关表达模式等进行系统分析。
【结果】从黄瓜基因组中鉴定出6个PIF 基因，其不均等地分布于黄瓜的6条染色体上。
基因复制事件分析结果表明，黄瓜PIF 基因存在一个片段重复事件（CsPIF1a 和CsPIF1b ）。
系统发育分析表明，来自黄瓜、拟南芥、辣椒、玉米和水稻的PIF 蛋白可分为4个不同的组（PIF1、PIF2/3/6、PIF4/5、PIF7/8）。
第28卷 第2期 2010年6月四川农业大学学报Jour nal of Sichuan A g ricultur al U niv ersityV ol.28 N o.2Jun.2010收稿日期:2010-03-16基金项目:国家大科学装置子项目(WG B -0901); 四川农业大学学位论文培育计划。
红花檵木叶色转变过程中的叶表皮特征变化袁 明,李 旭,纪少云,刘 静,周莉君(四川农业大学生命科学与理学院,四川雅安 625014)摘要:红花檵木是一种在园林绿化上广泛应用的彩叶植物,叶色夏季会出现/返青0现象,导致观赏价值降低。
对红花檵木的红叶、转绿后的绿叶和回复突变的绿叶以及原变种檵木的叶片的叶表皮特征进行了研究发现:¹檵木及其变种红花檵木的不同叶片中表皮毛均为单细胞型,有单根型的,也有2~多根表皮毛1束型的,以1~4根1束的表皮毛类型为主,表皮毛的分布下表皮均多于上表皮;º表皮毛的分布规律檵木与红叶相似,转绿与复绿相似,红花檵木转绿后表皮毛的数量下降60%以上;»红花檵木叶片转绿后上表皮细胞显著缩小,下表皮和气孔器略微增大,气孔指数无显著变化。
关键词:红花檵木;檵木;叶表皮;表皮毛中图分类号:S685.99 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-2650(2010)02-0169-05Variation of Leaf Epidermis Traits Duing Leaf Color Transformationin Lorop etalum chinense var.rubrumYUAN Ming,L I Xu,J I Shao -yun,L IU J ing,ZHOU L -i j un(Colleg e of Biolog y and Science,Sichuan A gr icultural U niver sity,Yaan 625014,Sichuan,China)Abstract:L orop etalum chinense Oliv e v ar.rubr um Yieh has been w idely used to beautify cities and roads because of its r ed leaves,w hich,how ev er,w ill turn gr een during sum mertime.T his studyw as made on the leaf epiderm is,tricho mes,Stom ata of red leaves,gr een leaves of L.chinense O-l ive var.r ubr um and green leav es of its back mutation,and leav es of L .Olive.T he results sho w ed:¹T richomes of L.chinense and its variation w ere com posed of single cells.Som e w ere sim ple tr-i cho mes,so me w ere 2or mo re arm ed,of w hich mo st w ere sim ple and 2to 4armed.T he trichom es distributed on the dow n -epiderm is w ere more than those o n the up -epidermis.ºThe distribution rule of tr ichomes on the leav es of L.chinense w as the same as that on the r ed leav es of L.chinense var.r ubr um ,and o n the g reen leaves of L.chinense var.r ubrum w as the same as that on the leaves of back m utatio n.After turning green,the number of tr ichomes o n the leaves epider mis decreased dramatically.»After red leaves turned green,up-epidermis cell size shrank rem ar kably,w hile dow n -epider mis cell size and stomata increased slightly,and stomata index chang ed little.Key words:L.chinense v ar.rubrum;L.chinense ;leaf epidermis;tricho mes 红花檵木(L or op etalum chinense Olive var.rubr um Yieh)系金缕梅科(H amamelidaceae)檵木属常绿灌木或小乔木,野生资源零星分布于湖南和江西海拔100~400m 的常绿阔叶林地带[1],其生态适应性强,耐修剪,繁殖快,栽培管理容易,是现代园林色彩布置中优良的彩叶植物[2-3]。
云南植物研究2005,27(6):629～638Acta Botanica Yunnanica斑龙芋属(天南星科)及近缘属植物的叶表皮形态李爱花,管开云,王仲朗(中国科学院昆明植物研究所,云南昆明650204)摘要:光镜、电镜下观察了天南星科天南星族下斑龙芋属2个种及近缘属13个种植物的叶表皮形态特征。
实验结果显示,4属植物的叶表皮组成及其形态特征较相似,属间不存在明显差异,但某些特征在种间存在差异,可作为种的鉴别特征。
叶表皮特征支持将单籽犁头尖和昆明犁头尖两个种合并为一个种。
15个种的气孔器均具有2个副卫细胞,Stebbins andKhush认为这是气孔器类型中较具2个以上副卫细胞更进化的一种类型,而天南星科大多数族的气孔器都具有2个以上的副卫细胞,这也证明了天南星族是天南星科较进化的族。
关键词:斑龙芋属;天南星科;叶表皮中图分类号:Q944文献标识码:A文章编号:0253-2700(2005)06-0629-10Characters of Leaf Epidermis in Genus Sauromatum(Araceae)and It’s Relative Genera*LI Ai-Hua,GUAN Kai-Yun,WANG Zhong-Lang**(Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese A cademy of Sciences,Kunming650204,China)Abstract:Leaf epidermis of2species in genus Sauromatum Schott were examined under light microscopeand scanning electron microscope(SEM)and compared with that of13species in genera Typhonium,Pinellia and Arisaema in the same tribe Area of Araceae.The result reveals that the characters of leaf epi-dermis between the several genera generally are very similar.However,so me of the characters in the spe-cies of the same genus are variable and can be used to identify its species.The characters of leaf epidermissupport to merge Typhonium kunmingense into Typhonium calcicolum.The stomata apparatus of15speciesare all brachyparacytic types with2subsidiary cells.This type of stomata apparatus is considered more ev-olutional than that with more than2subsidiary cells which existed in majority tribes of Araceae.This alsoverify some taxonomists’viewpoint that tribe Area is more evolutional in family Araceae.Key words:Sauromatum;Araceae;Leaf epidermis斑龙芋属(Sauromatum Schott)是天南星科(Araceae)较进化、较小的属。
