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说明文写作如何清晰陈述英语四级考试中的说明文英语四级考试中的说明文一般都是要求学生清晰陈述某种现象、事物、观点或方法的文章。
这类文章需要准确传达信息，逻辑清晰，语言简明扼要。
下面将介绍一些撰写英语四级考试中的说明文的技巧和要点。
一、确定论述对象在撰写说明文之前，首先要明确自己要写的对象是什么，例如：某种现象、事物、观点或方法等等。
明确论述对象可以帮助我们更好地组织文章结构和语言表达。
二、定义与分类在开始正文之前，可以对论述对象进行定义和分类。
通过定义可以准确地向读者传达对象的定义和意义，通过分类可以将不同的方面进行整理，提供更清晰的结构。
三、提供具体信息和实例在说明文中，提供具体的信息和实例可以增强文章的可信度和可读性。
可以通过描述特征、功能、应用等方面的具体细节，帮助读者理解论述对象。
四、使用恰当的语言和词汇在说明文中，使用恰当的语言和词汇可以使文章更加准确和规范。
可以使用一些科技名词和专业词汇来表达对象的特点和特性，同时也要注意语言简练，避免使用太过复杂或晦涩的语句。
五、逻辑清晰、结构合理在说明文的撰写中，要保持逻辑清晰和结构合理。
可以采用问题-解答、原因-结果、优缺点对比等方式来组织文章结构，使读者在阅读过程中能够更好地理解和掌握论述对象。
六、注意语音语法准确在撰写说明文时，要注意语音语法的准确性。
语言错误会给读者造成困扰，同时也会降低文章的可信度和可读性。
因此，写作过程中要养成检查语法和拼写的习惯，确保文章的准确性和流畅度。
通过以上几个方面的技巧和要点，我们可以更好地撰写英语四级考试中的说明文。
希望这些内容能够对你有所帮助！。
范文一Directions:Write a composition entitled Cars and Air Pollution. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.1.汽车越来越多，造成了城市的空气污染；2.如何解决这一问题；3.做出总结。
【步骤构思】步骤1：审题：这是一篇以汽车和空气污染为主题的解释说明文。
步骤2：引入话题：越来越多的汽车造成城市空气污染；展开话题：从两方面说明解决这一问题的办法；话题结论：大家共同努力，消除汽车造成的空气污染。
【作文背诵范文】Cars and Air PollutionToo many cars have created a lot of serious problems in our world. Besides congestion, accidents and fast fuel consumption, cars are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. All the time，they are releasing huge amounts of waste gases into the atmosphere. These gases are very harmful, causing diseases and even death.太多的汽车已经给我们的世界制造了许多严重的问题。
除了堵车、事故和快速的燃料消耗之外，汽车对大城市的空气污染有很大一部分责任。
一直以来，汽车向大气中释放大量的废气。
这些气体非常有害，会导致疾病甚至死亡。
So serious is the problem that we must find some solutions to it. One possible solution is to design and develop clean cars and clean fuels. In Shanghai, some of the public buses begin to run on natural gas， which does not give off as much carbon dioxide as petrol. But it may take decades for the new models of clean cars to complete1y replace the traditionalones. Another solution is to develop modern public transportation systems and restrict the use of private cars. If the price of petrol rises constantly and the public vehicles are efficient and environment enough, most people will not buy private cars. And the total number of cars in big cities will reduce greatly.问题如此严峻，我们必须找到一些解决方法。
四级说明类作文模板及范文英文回答：Instructions for Level 4 Expository Essay Template and Sample Essay。
1. Introduction。
Begin with a hook to capture the reader's attention.State the main topic of the essay.Provide a brief background or context.2. Body Paragraph 1。
Develop the first main point.Support the point with specific examples, evidence, or research.Explain the significance or relevance of the point.3. Body Paragraph 2。
Develop the second main point.Follow the same structure as Body Paragraph 1.4. Body Paragraph 3 (Optional)。
Develop a third main point if necessary.Follow the same structure as Body Paragraphs 1 and 2.5. Conclusion。
Summarize the main points of the essay.Restate the thesis statement.Conclude with a final thought or call to action.Sample Essay。
Topic: The Benefits of Exercise for Physical and Mental Health。
说明文：在四级作文中，实际上细化为原因类作文，最明显的原因类作文，如My Favorite Programme, My Ideal Job, The Career I Pursue,再就是Why I T ake the College English Test Band 6。
模板一：Why Are There so Many Rural Laborers in Big Cities?1.近来来越来越多的民工涌入大城市。
2.产生这一社会现象的原因。
For a number of years, there has been a steady rise in the number of rural laborers who flood into big cities. Many men work on construction sites, while many women work as dishwashers in restaurants or babysitters for city dwellers. Three reasons, in my mind, can account for this social phenomenon.First and Foremost,the limited land can no longer produce enough crops for an ever-increasing rural population.In the second place,there are far more opportunities in big cities----rural laborers dream of earning money through hard st but by no means the least, many of them want to live permanently in big cities, because they admire the way of living there, and wish their children to receive good education.I firmly believe that if we try our best to create a healthy social atmosphere, rural laborers will make greater contribution to our nation.结构点评这篇作文谈论的是一种社会现象。
英语4级作文模板说明文Title: A Guide to Writing an Explanatory Essay。
Introduction。
An explanatory essay, also known as an expository essay, is a type of academic writing that aims to explain a specific topic or idea. This type of essay requires the writer to present a balanced and unbiased analysis of the subject, providing evidence and supporting details to help the reader understand the topic better. In this guide, we will provide a step-by-step approach to writing an effective explanatory essay.Step 1: Choose a Topic。
The first step in writing an explanatory essay is to choose a topic that is interesting and relevant. It is important to select a topic that you are knowledgeable about and can provide a thorough explanation for. Consider topics that are current and relevant to your audience, and make sure to narrow down your focus to a specific aspect of the topic.Step 2: Conduct Research。
说明文：在四级作文中，实际上细化为原因类作文，最明显的原因类作文，如My Favorite Programme, My Ideal Job, The Career I Pursue,再就是Why I Take the College English Test Band 6。
模板一：Why Are There so Many Rural Laborers in Big Cities?1.近来来越来越多的民工涌入大城市。
2.产生这一社会现象的原因。
For a number of years, there has been a steady rise in the number of rural laborers who flood into big cities. Many men work on construction sites, while many women work as dishwashers in restaurants or babysitters for city dwellers. Three reasons, in my mind, can account for this social phenomenon.First and Foremost,the limited land can no longer produce enough crops for an ever-increasing rural population.In the second place,there are far more opportunities in big cities----rural laborers dream of earning money through hard st but by no means the least, many of them want to live permanently in big cities, because they admire the way of living there, and wish their children to receive good education.I firmly believe that if we try our best to create a healthysocial atmosphere, rural laborers will make greater contribution to our nation.结构点评这篇作文谈论的是一种社会现象。
大学英语四级作文模板：现象说明文
大学英语四级作文模板：现象说明文
大学英语四级，即CET-4，College English Test Band 4的缩写，是由国家教育部高等教育司主持的全国性教学考试。
下面是由小编为你精心编辑的大学英语四级模板：现象说明文，欢迎阅读！
英语四级现象说明文写作要点：
1、第一段，描述存在的'现象，引起话题。
2、第二段，承上启下，解释这一现象的原因(原因一、二、三)
3、第三段，给出自己的观点(观点一、二、三)，总结结论。
英语四级作文模板
Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.
There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.
what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As
a result_______________.
Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another____________.In Conclusion____________________.一种事物或现象(负面意义倾向)。
2016年英语四级作文：说明文的6大写法与万能句型写作是英语四级考试中可以拉开考生之间差距的一道题目，如果考前多进行仿写练习，或许会成为你的提分项目哦。
下面是文都四级小编为大家整理的说明文写作方法与万能模板，希望对大家有帮助。
什么是说明文？说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。
它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。
一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。
说明文的写法有哪些？按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为六种类型：1.例证法这是用具体例子来说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法,所用例子必须有代表性、典型性,能体现人或事物的本质特征。
这是用特殊来说明一般的方法。
通常在主题句后,用For example 或For instance 等短语引导出具体的例子。
例如:Our life today depends very much on energy. For example, machines have made our life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods-everything.Factories use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.这段主要是讲能源问题。
第一句为主题句,概括地说出"我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖能源"。
接着用举例的方法从三方面说明能源的作用。
2.定义法下定义就是给说明对象一个明确概念。
这是科学而严密的说明方法。
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==大学英语四级说明类作文真题说明文写作指导：1. 思考每段写什么;2. 将提纲式的句子写在前面，保持结构清晰(这时候我们需要一些总起功能句);3. 其实说明类作文很开放，自己想怎么写就怎么写，根据思路插入模板即可。
英语四级说明文整体写作思路为：What – Why– What第一段：写背景，引出主题(what)201X年6月四级真题Suppose a foreign friend of yours is going to visit your hometown/your campus/China, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?第一句：写大背景(切忌太长)China has witnessed a burgeoning economy in recent years. As a result, a growing number of foreigners visit China for their holidays.第二句：引出主题(改写题目)If my foreign friend, Ken, visits my hometown, Hangzhou, I would like to take him to the West Lake, which earns a reputation for its beautiful scenery.201X年12月四级真题A campus activity that has benefited you most第一句：写大背景(切忌太长)It goes without saying that campus life plays an extremely important role.第二句：引出主题(改写题目)There are a variety of campus activities in my university. Among them, I find that joining the tennis club has an enormous impact on my life.第二段：写原因(why)第一句：总体功能句1. The reasons for my recommendation are as follows.2. There are two aspects concerning the importance of a tennis club.3. When it comes to the influence of robots on human beings, there are a number of consequences.第二句：原因1To begin with, _________.第三句：原因2Furthermore, _________.第三段：总结1. All in all, _________.2. In short, _________.3. Given the factors I have just outlines, _________.英语四级说明文真题重现：201X年6月Suppose a foreign friend of yours is going to visit your hometown/your campus/China, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?201X年12月。
四级作文说明文的模板范文英文回答：How to Write a Good Expository Essay。
An expository essay is a type of essay that explains, informs, or clarifies a particular topic. It is a common type of essay assigned in schools and universities, and it can be used for a variety of purposes, such as to teach a new concept, to explain a complex issue, or to persuade the reader to adopt a particular point of view.To write a good expository essay, it is important to follow a clear and logical structure. The essay should begin with an introduction that grabs the reader'sattention and introduces the topic of the essay. The introduction should also include a thesis statement, which is a statement that expresses the main argument or point of view of the essay.The body of the essay should be divided into paragraphs, each of which should focus on a different aspect of the topic. Each paragraph should begin with a topic sentencethat states the main idea of the paragraph, and the rest of the paragraph should provide evidence and support for the topic sentence.The conclusion of the essay should summarize the main points of the essay and restate the thesis statement. The conclusion should also leave the reader with a finalthought or impression.In addition to following a clear and logical structure, it is also important to use strong evidence and support in an expository essay. This evidence can come from a varietyof sources, such as research studies, articles, books, and personal experiences. It is important to use evidence thatis relevant to the topic of the essay and that supports the thesis statement.Finally, it is important to write an expository essayin a clear and concise style. The essay should be easy toread and understand, and it should avoid using jargon or technical language.中文回答：如何写好说明文。
四级说明类作文万能模板一、开头段。
1.简单描述现象。
2.说明该现象对个人或社会的影响。
3.提出问题。
4.引出文章要讨论的话题。
范文：With the rapid development of technology, more and more people are using smartphones. It is undeniable that smartphones bring us a lot of convenience and joy, but at the same time, they also have some negative effects on our lives. For example, many people spend too much time on their smartphones, which affects their work and study. So, how can we make better use of smartphones?二、扩展段。
1.列举现象的种类或原因。
2.进一步分析现象的影响。
3.提出解决问题的建议。
范文：There are many different ways in which people overuse their smartphones. Some people spend hours playing games, while others spend a lot of time on social media. As a result, they often neglect their work or study, which has a negative impact on their lives. In order to make better use of smartphones, we need to find a balance between using them for entertainment and using them for work or study. We can set a time limitfor using smartphones each day, and we can also use apps that help us track our usage and remind us to take a break.三、结尾段。
四级作文说明文的模板说明文的模板。
一、问题阐述。
（1）问题的提出。
（2）问题的重要性。
二、解决方案。
（1）解决方案的具体内容。
（2）解决方案的优势。
三、实施步骤。
（1）实施步骤的详细介绍。
（2）实施步骤的操作方法。
四、效果评估。
（1）效果评估的标准。
（2）效果评估的结果。
五、总结。
（1）总结解决问题的重要性。
（2）总结解决问题的实际意义。
说明文的模板。
一、问题阐述。
在现代社会，空气质量日益受到人们的关注。
空气污染对人们的健康和环境造成了严重的影响，因此解决空气污染问题变得尤为重要。
二、解决方案。
针对空气污染问题，我们可以采取以下几种解决方案，一是加强工业企业的环保措施，减少废气排放；二是推广清洁能源的利用，如风能、太阳能等；三是加强城市绿化，增加植被覆盖面积，吸收有害气体。
三、实施步骤。
首先，加强工业企业的环保措施需要政府的政策支持和企业的自觉配合。
其次，推广清洁能源需要投入大量的资金和技术支持，同时也需要人们的意识转变。
最后，加强城市绿化需要政府和社会各界的共同努力，包括政府的投资和居民的参与。
四、效果评估。
评估解决空气污染问题的效果可以从空气质量指数、健康状况等方面进行评估。
通过实施上述解决方案，我们可以看到空气质量指数的改善，人们的健康状况也会得到改善。
五、总结。
解决空气污染问题对于人们的健康和环境的改善具有重要意义。
通过加强工业环保措施、推广清洁能源和加强城市绿化，我们可以有效改善空气质量，保护环境，提高人民的生活质量。
因此，解决空气污染问题是当今社会发展的重要课题，需要我们共同努力，才能取得实质性的成效。
最新四级英语写作说明文练习最新四级英语写作说明文范文练习don’t let a little dispute break up a great friendship.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的最新四级英语写作说明文范文练习，希望能给大家带来帮助!part 1These two cartoons show two contrasting scenes. While the male student spends all histime and money playing Internet games, the female student studies diligently. One could easilyargue that a bright future awaits the students who study hard, while those who waste tuitionplaying games have little to look forward to. The above images encourage students to valuetheir time in school and take advantage of educational opportunities.While students dream of being accepted into college for years, they often become lost onceadmitted. Without their parents’ constant support and advice, or because of limitedcommunication with teachers, many students are unable to focus on their future goals. Suchconfusion leads some to forget their studies and resort to playing on the Internet, amongother forms of recreation.Students should not only keep their ambitions in mind, but also seriously strive towardsthem.Without a clear purpose, one might easily waste crucial years neglecting one’s studies.Constantly playing on the Internet leads to failure, while continuously studying guaranteessuccess. Students need to appreciate their time in school, and work hard in order to ensure agood future.part 2Drawings can be useful tools; a simple picture may reveal a profound truth. Theillustration above, for example, is far from complicated, and yet carries deep implications;from the top of a mountain one can see clear and far.Such an image draws attention to the fact that people tend to be distracted by immediatebenefits, or deterred by present difficulties. If one was to stand higher and take a broader view,one could make wise, long?term decisions, as well as have a clearer sense of how to solve anygiven problem.The importance of keeping things in perspective is of practical significance to universitystudents especially. When students face difficult decisions such as choosing between majors orcareers, or deciding whether to continue with postgraduate education, they should considertheir future life in broad terms. If you allow yourself to become preoccupied by immediateinterests or discouraged by current obstacles, you might not make the wisest decisions.Nevertheless, it is important to realize that viewing our lives from a far is not equal toaiming for an unattainable goal. Inexperienced youth must be careful to realistically create andpursue their ambitions.It is best to look beyond temporary needs and problems and keep one’s present andfuture life in perspective.。
英语四级写作范文及技巧分享英语四级写作考试是考察学生英语应用能力的重要环节。
下面将分享一些英语四级写作的范文及技巧，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
一、观点阐述段写作的第一段一般是观点阐述段，可以先简要概括文章要讨论的话题，并明确自己的观点。
范文：Nowadays, more and more people choose to live in big cities, which brings both advantages and disadvantages. In my opinion, I believe thatliving in a big city provides individuals with better job opportunities and a higher quality of life.技巧：1. 第一句话引起注意：可以使用一些引人入胜的事实或数据来引起读者的兴趣。
2. 明确观点：明确表达自己的观点，可以使用一些表达观点的短语，如"I believe that…"或"I am convinced that…"。
二、论点分析段接下来，需要对论点进行进一步的分析和讨论，可以从不同的角度论述，并列举相关事实或例子来支持观点。
范文：To begin with, living in a big city offers abundant job opportunities. Big cities are usually home to multinational companies and large corporations, providing a wide range of career options. People can easily find well-paid jobs that match their skills and qualifications. Moreover, big cities also attract many talented professionals, creating a competitive job market.Furthermore, big cities provide a higher quality of life. In terms of education, big cities have prestigious universities and schools, offering superior educational resources. Students have access to a wider variety of courses and can learn from top-notch professors. In addition, big cities also offer diverse cultural activities, such as art exhibitions, music festivals, and theater performances. Residents can enjoy a rich and vibrant cultural life.技巧：1. 使用合理的过渡词汇：如"To begin with"、"Furthermore"等，有助于文章逻辑清晰。
专四作文说明文范文
说到英语学习，我可是有话要说！你知道吗，英语不仅仅是一门学科，更是一种交流的工具，一种打开世界大门的钥匙。
专四考试，对于我们这些英语专业的学生来说，简直就像是一座大山，得想办法翻过去。
说到专四作文，很多人可能会觉得头疼。
不过呢，我觉得其实没那么难。
要想写好说明文，关键是要抓住要点，然后用简单易懂的语言表达出来。
比如说，你要写一篇关于“如何学好英语”的说明文，那就可以从听、说、读、写四个方面入手。
听嘛，我觉得最重要的就是多听。
听英语新闻、看英语电影、听英语歌曲，都是提高听力的好方法。
当然啦，光听还不够，还得试着去理解。
有时候可能会遇到听不懂的单词或句子，但别着急，多听几次，慢慢就懂了。
说呢，就是要敢于开口。
学英语最怕的就是哑巴英语，学了半天却说不出来。
所以，我们要抓住机会多说，哪怕一开始说得不好也没关系，重要的是敢于尝试。
可以找些英语角、语伴或者参加一些英语口语比赛，锻炼自己的口语能力。
读的话，我觉得读原著是个不错的方法。
一开始可能会觉得有点难，但坚持下去，你会发现自己的阅读能力在不断提高。
而且，读原著还能了解到更多原汁原味的英语表达方式和文化背景。
最后就是写了。
写作是个需要积累的过程。
平时可以多读一些优秀的英文文章，学习别人的写作技巧和表达方式。
大学英语四级说明类作文真题大学英语四级说明类作文真题说明文写作指导：1. 思考每段写什么;2. 将提纲式的句子写在前面，保持结构清晰(这时候我们需要一些总起功能句);3. 其实说明类作文很开放，自己想怎么写就怎么写，根据思路插入模板即可。
英语四级说明文整体写作思路为：What – Why– What第一段：写背景，引出主题(what)2014年6月四级真题Suppose a foreign friend of yours is going to visit your hometown/your campus/China, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?第一句：写大背景(切忌太长)China has witnessed a burgeoning economy in recent years. As a result, a growing number of foreigners visit China for their holidays.第二句：引出主题(改写题目)If my foreign friend, Ken, visits my hometown, Hangzhou, I would like to take him to the West Lake, which earns a reputation for its beautiful scenery.2014年12月四级真题A campus activity that has benefited you most第一句：写大背景(切忌太长)It goes without saying that campus life plays an extremely important role.第二句：引出主题(改写题目)There are a variety of campus activities in my university.Among them, I find that joining the tennis club has an enormous impact on my life.第二段：写原因(why)第一句：总体功能句1. The reasons for my recommendation are as follows.2. There are two aspects concerning the importance of a tennis club.3. When it comes to the influence of robots on human beings, there are a number of consequences.第二句：原因1To begin with, _________.第三句：原因2Furthermore, _________.第三段：总结1. All in all, _________.2. In short, _________.3. Given the factors I have just outlines, _________.英语四级说明文真题重现：2014年6月Suppose a foreign friend of yours is going to visit your hometown/your campus/China, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?2014年12月1. A campus activity that has benefited you most.2. A course that has impressed you most in college.3. A classmate of yours who has influenced you most in college.2016年6月1. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family memberupon making a memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.2. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your school teachers upon entering college. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.3. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.。
英语四级作文写作思路及练习：说明文说明文是用言简意赅的语言来介绍客观事物，讲清事理，并给人增加知识的一种文体。
说明文解说事物的特点、发展变化规律，分析前因后果，目的在于使读者“明白事理”，获得必要的信息，对事物有个较完整明晰的了解和认识。
说明文不同于记叙文和议论文，它重在给人介绍，让人明白，因而，轻“情义”重事实。
说明文与议论文关系密切，有人将其统称为议论文。
但在写作的目的和方法上两者仍有区别。
说明文主要是通过事实客观地解释或说明事物本身;而议论文则以事实、数据等为证据，表明主观见解，使读者信服或赞同某一观点。
历年四级考试中的“How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English”、“My Ideal Job”以及图表作文的第一段都属于说明文的范畴，如，2002年6月的根据坐标图写题为“Students Use of Computers”的作文。
说明文必须按一定的顺序进行说明：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认识顺序，选择具体的特点和细节来说明。
所以，说明文的思路要围绕说明顺序、事物的特点和细节展开。
例如：范文点评A Famous ClockWhen you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time.A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!【点评】这是《新概念英语》中的一篇经典说明文，介绍了世界著名的“大本钟”。
文章开篇指明该钟位于英国伦敦，且全世界的人们通过BBC就能够听到钟声。
接下来讲述了“大本钟”的由来，培训搜px.wangxiao.so培训网提示您:特点——不仅外型巨大，而且走时准确，在结尾处讲了“大本钟”的一个幽默的小插曲——油漆工把油漆桶挂在指针上，把钟弄慢了。
细读这篇文章，我们不难发现，区区159个单词就把“大本钟”的光辉形象牢牢地刻在读者的脑海里，中小学辅导网wangxiao.so提示您:为什么?本文基于事实，分析了主题的来龙去脉，语言简洁又不失生动贴切，作者态度客观又充满幽默，使读者既“明白了事理”，又对事物有较完整明晰的了解认识，此乃说明文之真谛也。
以“Goals”为题打开一篇说明文的思路。
参考思路1)目标的分类：(可根据时间顺序，空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认识顺序，任选一个进行分类和排列)2)各个类别的特点和细节：3)组织成文：范文点评GoalsEveryone has goals. Many people do not reach their goals for lack of planning. These three sets of goals should be developed: lifetime, intermediate and short term.Lifetime goals should be written out. These goals should be clear and reasonable. For instance, the goal to win a research prize is clear and measurable. Other lifetime goals might include publishing a certain number of influential books or articles, earning a departmental chairmanship at a major university, successfully competing for a grant from the National Science Foundation or securing a consultantship with a big corporation.Intermediate goals relate to outcomes during the next few years. For the beginning doctoral student, intermediate goals may include completion of course work and preparation of a doctoral research proposal. Like lifetime goals, these are measurable and clearly stated.Short-term goals involve outcomes expected during the next 12 months. These goals are more performance oriented, and they help with achievement of intermediate goals. Examples of short-term goals are earning an A in a course, learning how to program a computer or performing an experiment.说明文的说明方法对这些方法我们要了解并且掌握：1. 定义法(definition)定义法是用下定义的方式去揭示事物本质特征或概念内涵。
它能使读者迅速抓住本质属性和基本特点。
此法的句型：①… is a/the … of … which/that …②… relate to/involve/refer to …【例】(1)Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols which is used for human communication. 语言是人类用来交际的任意性的语音符号体系。
(2)Intermediate goals relate to outcomes during the next few years.(3)Short-term goals involve outcomes expected during the next 12 months.2. 举例法(illustration)举例法就是举出实际事例来说明事物的方法，是最常见，往往也是最有效的阐释模式。
专家提醒举例时应挑选具体、典型且有能力表达清楚的例子，并注意按照一定的顺序编排。
请看上述范文第二段：“For instance”引出“lifetime goals”的实例，如，赢得研究奖金、出版有影响书或文章、获得大学的系主任职位、获得国家自然科学基金及大公司稳定的顾问职位。
3. 分类法(classification)分类法就是把说明的对象，按一定的标准划分成不同类别分别加以说明的方法。
如：上述范文介绍人生的三种目标，并按照时间的长短对终生目标、长期目标和短期目标做了分类说明。
4. 比较法(comparison)比较法是用一个事物和与其有联系的其他事物加以对比的说明方法。
目的是为了帮助读者准确地区分事物，通过对比达到对该事物的深刻认识。
如：上述范文对三种人生目标在时间上和实际操作上进行了比较，并阐明了彼此的联系。
(1)Lifetime goals should be written out.(2)Like lifetime goals, these are measurable and clearly stated.(3)These goals are more performance oriented, and they help with achievement of intermediate goals.5. 数字法(statistics)数字法是运用数据来表明事物的本质和特点，准确合理的数据使文章精确可信。
【例】(1)Nearly half of all Americans over age 20 wear a bridge or denture，and more than 20 percent have complete upper and lower denture. By age 50, one out of every two persons has gum disease.(2)And it seems sensible to wait. One quarter of all marriages between people under twenty-one end in divorce. In Britain in 1972, there were 124,248 divorces.说明文的说明方法除上面介绍的常见的几种以外，还有诸如分项法、列举法、比喻法及引用法等，只有综合运用多种说明方法，才能多角度、多层次地全面、清晰、准确地展示客观事物的本来面貌。
