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班级姓名学号分数Unit 1 The mass media单元重点单词短语句型语法精练(时间：60分钟，满分：100分)一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分)1. ________(trap) in a net around the rock，the dolphin wasn't able to swim up to get air.2. The film started attracting widespread attention even before ________(release) thanks to social media discussions about it.3. I’ve spoken to him dozens ________ times, but I still don’t know his name!4. She ________(scream) for half an hour before someone came to her aid.5. When the girl saw a dog ________(bark) there, she daren’t enter the yard.6. The witness opposed ________(turn) up at the court, which made him worried.7. What’s more, videos about the three years’ life, which ________(witness) the whole process of our growth, were played.8. For them, the program is an opportunity to interact ________ male role models.9. Price is determined through the ________(interact) of demand and supply.10. Cookery shows and documentaries about food ________(broadcast) more often than before.11. The carnival held in our school last week ________(sponsor) by several famous graduates.12. The boss of the pany will sponsor 100 poor students ________(enter) college per year.13. ________(absorb) in the experiment, the professor didn’t realize it was already past midnight.14. In order to attract more customers, many supermarkets usually sell their goods ________ a discount at weekends.15. Reducing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is ________(criticize) to future development.16. The earthquake which took place last week caused ________(extend) damage to the locals.17. The country decided to have an ________(extend)of government control on the market.18. Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road ________(construct).19. Only a ________(minor) of British households do not have a car.20. The workers of the coal department usually e here, ________(bathe) in clean water of the river.21. In the future, we will be using advanced technology every day that ________(automatic) controls just everything in our home.22. The bank conducted its own ________(investigate) into the robbery.23. Your behaviour is in direct ________(contradict) to the principles you claim to stick to.24. So I e to a ________(conclude) that if you want a great career, you need to mit yourself to something meaningful.25. On the stage in the hall, my classmates and I answered most of the questions ________(accurate).26. Our pany is ________(mit) to providing highquality products and services to our customers.27. I found a way to channel that ________(curious) into science and that soon blossomed into engineering.28. They knew that ________(discriminate) was going on, but chose to ignore it.29. Though ________(advertise) are of great help, I don’t think we should pletely rely on them.30. While going shopping, we usually can’t avoid being persuaded ________(buy) things we actually don’t need.31. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help being persuaded ________ buying something they don’t really need.32. Personal examples are encouraged because they are easy to tell and more ________(persuade).33. Doctor Li persuaded me ________(give) up smoking and she also persuaded me into ________(take) up sports to keep fit.34. The talented girl has an excellent ________(memorize) for names, which helps her quite a lot in her work.35. As is often the case, outdoor advertising can be more ________(memorize) than indoor advertising.36. It ________(be) possible but not easy to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830.37. He ________(roll) up his jeans, apparently waiting in the pond.38. James sa id, “I took the book home with me.”→James said that he ________(take) the book home with him.39. By the time we arrived, everyone ________(receive) medical care.40. Since the city ________(undergo) too much pollution, citizens undertook to reduce carbon emissions.二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)1. It takes a variety of work to ________(发布) news to the public than you can imagine.2. The ________(尖叫) from the little girl frightened the poor dog.3. The leader sent his assistant to ________(调查) whether their products sold well.4. If the truth ________(相矛盾) what he said in court，he will be punished.5. The government has given top ________(优先事项) to reforming the tax system.6. The chairman's speech will be ________(播送) nationwide on New Year's Eve.7. The project is ________(赞助) by the largest pany of agricultural products.8. The achievement you have made will ________(使增长) your sense of success.9. The little boy ________(目击) a passer-by help a cleaner sweep the snow on the road.10. I felt lucky that I bought the book at a ________(折扣).三、完成句子(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分)1. 他怎么会没有得到奖学金呢?How did it ________________ that he didn’t get the scholarship?2. 例如，如果你发现一个员工在偷窃，你会怎么做?What would you do, ________________, if you found a member of staff stealing?3. 恶劣的天气导致假日周末数十次航班取消。
英文文法魔法师(速成)目录第一篇单句 (2)第一章基本句型 (2)第二章名词片语 (3)第三章形容词 (5)第四章副词 (6)第五章介系词 (9)第六章动词时态 (13)第七章语气助动词 (16)第八章语气 (19)第九章被动语态与过去分词 (20)第十章现在分词 (22)第十一章动名词 (23)第十二章不定词片语 (24)第二篇中级句型—合句与复句 (27)第十三章合句 (27)第十四章名词子句 (28)第十五章副词子句 (31)第十六章关系子句 (33)第十七章主词动词一致性 (39)第十八章倒装句 (42)第三篇高级句型—减化子句 (45)第十九章从属子句减化的通则 (45)第二十章形容词子句减化 (46)第二十一章名词子句减化 (49)第二十二章副词子句的减化 (52)第二十三章减化子句练习 (56)第一篇单句第一章基本句型英文文法探讨的对象是“句子”；学习文法的目的在于认识英文句子的构造与所有的变化、看懂最复杂的句子，进一步能够写出从单句到复合句再到简化子句、清楚正确而又富有变化的各种英文句子。
英文句子大致分为3个层次：初级句型:最基本的单句层次，包含五种最基本单句，任何单句必须符合这五种基本句型,才算是正确。
中级句型:复合句的层次就是中级句型的层次了。
运用连接词结合两个以上的单句，可以构成合句或者复句.采用对等连接词如and，or，but之类来连接两个对等子句,可以构成一个合句;复句则是由主要子句加从属子句构成,可分为名词子句、副词子句、形容词子句(又称关系子句)。
这些复合句就是中级句型所探讨的对象。
高级句型：高级句型的层次也就是减化子句（reduced clauses）的层次。
所谓减化子句，涵盖了传统文法中所谓的非限定子句、分词构句、同位格、以及另外一些构造.它以中级的复合句为原料来进行减化，保留一个限定子句，但是压缩掉复合句中所有重复与空洞的成分，制造出即简洁又清楚的高级句子。
英文单句的五种基本句型S+VS+V+OS+V+CS+V+O+OS+V+O+C(S(Subject）:主词，V(Verb）：动词，O（Object）:受词，C（Complement）:补语）动词特性：及物 transitive:后面必须有受词，必须使用上述基本句型中的第2、4或5这几个有受词的句型；不及物 intransitive：后面不能有受词，就只能是第1或3这两种句型选择。
![ShareWithU四月语法机经整理[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s1/m/3108476daf1ffc4ffe47ac32.png)
ShareWithU四月语法机经整理时间线：日期时间主题4月3日18:00 更新14月6日9:00 更新24月8日12:00 更新3，4，5，6，4月3日语法机经更新1. by foreveroflamJust as ……so 一上来就是用法：Just as; 比较要对等Just as.....so... 表示动作的相似性just as A do, so B do平行比较结构的习惯搭配：意思是：就如同A…B…这里的as是不能用like,whereas的。
而且like…so…不符合搭配习惯，应该去掉so…just as with和just like都是很wordy的下面三种形式无区别（后两种强烈语气，不可以随意删掉so）前后都要用句子，不能只用短语。
Just as … , so … Just as you sow, so you will reap 主从句要尽量形式对称Just as … , as … Just as you sow, as you will reap 主从句要尽量形式对称Just as … , so too … 主句要部分倒装(so too后是主句) Just as you sow, so too will you reap例题：1. Just as the free computer operating system Linux has of late become even more crash resistant, so support for it within the computer industry has been growing.(A) as the free computer operating system Linux has of late become even more crash resistant, so(B) as with the free computer operating system Linux that has of late become even more crash resistant, so the(C) as the free computer operating system Linux has of late become even more crash resistant, so it has been that(D) like with the free computer operating system Linux becoming even more crash resistant of late, so(E) like the free computer operating system Linux that has of late become even more crash resistant, so it is that翻译：因为免费的操作系统Linux变得越来越稳定, 计算机业界对它的支持增加了思路：as和like的区别, it is的选项：A. 正确B. just as with ; so; 前后不对应with; 前面是一个短语，后面是一个句子；C. It has been that没有任何实义表达；所以不如A来的简洁清晰D. like强调的是对照，有两样东西对比，这里没有对照的概念；所以like错E. like强调的是对照，有两样东西对比，这里没有对照的概念；所以like错引申：1. of late = recently2. So with和As withso with是错误结构。
知识库创建的详细步骤流程知识库创建的那些事儿。
一、确定知识库的用途。
咱得先搞清楚为啥要创建这个知识库呀。
是为了学习某个专业知识，像计算机编程或者历史文化呢？还是为了工作上方便大家共享资料呀？比如说，要是为了学习编程，那知识库里面可能就会装满各种编程语言的教程、代码示例和常见问题的解决办法。
如果是工作用的，可能就是公司的业务流程、客户资料和项目文档之类的。
这就好比我们要盖房子，得先知道这房子是用来住的还是用来开店的，这样才能确定房子的风格和布局嘛。
二、收集资料。
这一步可太重要啦。
我们得像小松鼠收集坚果一样，到处去找资料。
可以从好多地方找呢。
互联网就是个大宝库，各种网站、论坛、学术数据库，里面的信息那叫一个多。
比如说你要做个美食知识库，那你可以去美食博客、下厨房这样的网站找菜谱、烹饪技巧之类的。
还有书籍也是个好来源呀，那些专业的烹饪书籍里有很多详细的美食知识。
另外呢，自己的经验也很宝贵哦。
如果你自己就是个大厨，那你做菜的那些独家心得也可以放进知识库。
不过在收集资料的时候，可一定要注意版权问题，不能随便盗用别人的东西哦。
三、选择知识库的工具。
现在有好多工具可以用来创建知识库呢。
如果是比较简单的个人知识库，像印象笔记就很不错。
它可以方便地创建笔记，给笔记分类，还能在不同设备上同步。
要是团队用的知识库，那可能像Confluence这样的专业工具就更好啦。
它有强大的协作功能，团队成员可以一起编辑、评论。
还有一些开源的知识库工具，像MediaWiki，适合那些有一定技术能力，想要自己定制知识库功能的小伙伴。
就好像我们做菜，得选对锅碗瓢盆一样，合适的工具能让我们创建知识库的过程更顺利。
四、整理资料。
收集来的资料往往是乱糟糟的，就像刚从衣柜里翻出来的一堆衣服，我们得把它们整理好。
可以按照一定的分类来整理，比如按照知识的类型、主题或者难易程度。
拿前面说的美食知识库举例，我们可以把菜谱按照菜系分类，像川菜、粤菜、鲁菜等。
wiki语法⼤全Wiki语法⼤全编辑⼀个页⾯⼗分容易。
只要点击页⾯上⽅的“编辑本页”或右侧的[编辑]链接即可修改该页，或点击“讨论本页”然后再点击“编辑页⾯”来讨论该页⾯。
点击后您就会看到⼀个包含那个Wiki页⾯的可编辑的⽂字区域。
先将⽂字复制到您最喜欢的⽂字编辑器，编辑并检查后再贴回浏览器预览往往更⽅便。
这样做⽅便你断线后⽤您的备份档做修改。
编辑要点开始编辑在⼀个页⾯开始编辑，您只需点击“编辑本页”或者边上的“编辑”链接就可以编辑该页⾯。
这将带您进⼊“编辑页⾯”：⼀个⽂字框。
您需要在其中填写维基⽂字，从⽽使服务器⽣成您所期望的⽹页。
做个编辑⼩结您应当在编辑完成后写⼀个简短的。
您可以使⽤⼀些缩略语使其尽量简短，不过应让他⼈知道您的意图。
先预览，再保存当您⼤功告成之时，请按预览键以察看您的作品看起来如何——在您作永久修改之前。
在您对预览结果满意之前不要保存。
在预览过程中您可能会发现许多错误和笔误，这时您就有机会修改⽽不是留下永久的错误。
维基标记字符格式参见：版式链接控制语法有⼏种格式控制符能让维基代码不经解释地原样显⽰出来。
您所看到的您所输⼊的nowiki标记将[[维客]]代码忽略。
它进⾏⽂本格式化：除去换⾏符和多的空格。
不过它仍然要解释特殊字符：→nowiki标记将[[维客]]代码忽略。
它进⾏⽂本格式化：除去换⾏符和多的空格。
<nowiki>nowiki标记将[[维客]]代码忽略。
它进⾏⽂本格式化：除去换⾏符和多的空格。
不过它仍然要解释特殊字符：→不过它仍然要解释特殊字符：→</nowiki><pre>pre标记忽略[[维客]]代码。
不过它不格式化⽂本。
还要解释特殊字符：→<nowiki><pre>pre标记忽略[[维客]]代码。
不过它不格式化⽂本。
还要解释特殊字符：→</nowiki></pre>前导空格前导空格是pre的另⼀种形式。
名词的功用。
当主语，补语，受词1. 名词的种类单数/复数普通名词 book pencil. Dog. Spaceship宇宙飞船、集合名词 class, family, audience 听众。
例如 1. My family is large. 我家是一个大家庭。
2. My family are all early risers 起早的人。
我家人都起的很早. 专用名词 Bob, Smith, April, London.-----专用名词前不能加冠词不加S 下面的专用名词需要加上定冠词。
The united states . 美国 The united Nations .联合国。
物质名词 glass wood paper butter fruit数字＋容器（度量衡）＋ of ＋物质名词a loaf of bread 一片面包。
Loaves of bread 很多面包A cup of coffee. 一杯咖啡。
A sheet of paper. 一张纸。
Two sheets of paper.两张纸 A spoonful of sugar 一勺糖。
抽象名词 beauty美丽 honesty诚实 love爱 patience 耐心happiness 幸福 music 音乐。
2. 名词的数单数/ 个数2 以上是复数名词字尾加s 大多数 dog dogs book books girl girls名词字尾为 s.sh.ch.x.o加es classes buses dishes benches boxes名词字尾为子音加o，加es 如tomatoes 例外photos pianos名词字尾为＋y 的复数名词要去y ＋ iesbaby-babies story-stories city-cities lady-ladies名词字尾为 f 或fe 去f/fe ＋ves 如leaf-leaves knife-knives wife-wives例外handkerchiefs chiefs roofs不规则变化的复数名名词字尾加 en , 或 ren 如 Ox-oxen , child-children改变母音如man-men woman-women goose-geese tooth-teeth mouse-mice单复数同形如 fish deer sheep chineses japaneseOne fish two fish(个) a kind of fish two kinds of fishes（种）3. 名词的所有格单数名词：名词's 例如 The boy's schoolbag/ Joan's dress复数名词：名词s' 例如 a girls' school/ these students' teacher 字尾非s 的复数名词:名词's 例如 children's playground操场特别注意的所有格用法共同所有格：名词＋名词＋名词's个别所有格：名词's＋名词's＋名词's1 Harry and Bill's father is a scientist2.Harry's and Bill's fathers are scientists（无）生物所有格： A的B B of Athe legs of the table the door of the carthe girl's name有生命的东西可以这样用 the name of the girl 所有格之后的名词如在句中非常容易理解时可以省略1. she's going to the dentist's2． I met him at the barber's（shop）3. We like to eat lunch at McDonald's. 我们在麦当老吃午餐。
目录专题一名词 (1)专题二数词、冠词 (8)专题三介词、连词 (14)专题四代词 (21)专题五形容词、副词 (31)专题六动词的分类 (39)专题七情态动词、系动词 (46)专题八动词时态 (52)专题九被动语态 (58)专题十非谓语动词 (64)专题十一简单句、并列句 (73)专题十二祈使句、感叹句 (81)专题一三宾语从句 (87)专题一四定语从句 (94)专题一五状语从句 (102)专题一名词1.名词的数1.概述：名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。
2.可数名词及其单复数：可数名词有单复数变化，其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰，还可用many,few, a few, some， any, plenty of， lots of, a number of 等修饰。
构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。
1）复数的规则构成法：绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾—s或—es构成的。
具体规则如下图:a．单复同形的:Chinese—Chinese, Japanese-Japanese， deer—deer, sheep-sheep, fish-fish(表示鱼的数量）b。
熟记下列词的复数变化:man—men, woman—women, policeman-policemen， foot—feet,tooth-teeth， mouse—mice， child—childrenc. 以man， woman做定语构成的复合名词,变复数时要全变：a man teacher-two men teachers; 其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变：a girl student—two girl students3. 不可数名词：不可数名词没有单复数。
如：water， meat, air等。
在表示数量时，通常用以下方法。
1）用some， much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等表示多少。
Chapter 3:主谓一致注意主语和谓语之间构成的逻辑意义相符合Wrong: The development of a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling.Right: Once developed, a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling.主语谓语之间必须做到单复数相符合Eliminate the middlemen and Skip and warmup (准确做到正常的跳读)没有必要的句子成分尽量少读介词短语，从句，其他修饰成分善于利用句子的机构去判断单复数The tidal forces to which an object falling into a black hole is subjected are sufficient to tear the object apart.And 和 additive phases（注意 mathematics，aerobics，diabetes,citus 都是单数的形式）Media 是 medium 的复数形式。
Either or（就近原则确定谓语单复数）集体名词People: agency, army, audience, class, committee, crowd, orchestra, teamItems: baggage, citrus, equipment, fleet, fruit, furniture.用单数Our army of a hundred thousand soldiers is attacking the enemy.不定代词SANAM：some, any, none, all, more/most这几个词语要依据不同情形确定单复数Any of these women is a suitable candidate for marriage to my son.Not one of my friends is here this weekend.Every and eachEvery dog has paws.Every dog and cat has paws.Each of these shirts is pretty.The number of和a number of 的用法要注意注意 there be 句型的单复数There are a young man and an older woman at the bus stop.注意：Pong is a classic game from which have descended many current computer pastimes.（这里用了倒装）相当于那个预言的题目，多多注意Chapter 4：平行准则Wrong: I want to retire to a place where I can relax and I pay low taxes.Right: I want to retire to a place where I can relax and where I pay low taxes.使用 where 能够减少歧义。
