William Blake

威廉·布莱克（William Blake，1757年-1827年），是英国浪漫主义文学的先驱者之一，同时又是18世纪英国文学的特殊代表。

他在文学领域涵盖了诗歌、散文、绘画等多种形式，作为一位多才多艺的艺术家，他的作品广泛地表达了对宗教、社会、政治等方面的兴趣和反思。

在威廉·布莱克的文学作品中，最为人熟知的是他的诗歌作品。

他的诗歌作品以其深刻的思想和独特的艺术表现形式而著称，打破了当时诗歌创作的传统形式，开辟了新的文学风景。

以下将对威廉·布莱克的文学作品进行探讨和分析。

一、威廉·布莱克的诗歌作品1. "The Tyger"（《老虎》）这首诗是威廉·布莱克最著名的作品之一，被誉为是他的代表作。

诗中描绘了一只老虎的形象，探讨了人类对于自然、创造力和造物主的认知与思考。

通过对老虎的描绘，布莱克表达了对造物主的钦佩和对自然的敬畏之情，同时也蕴含着对于恶和暴力的思考。

2. "Songs of Innocence and Experience"（《无辜与经验之歌》）这是布莱克的一部诗集，包含了一系列的短诗，主题涵盖了对于童年时期的无辜与纯真的追忆，以及成年后所面临的经验和挑战。

诗集中的作品多以儿童的视角来描绘世界，通过对无辜和经验的对比，反映了布莱克对人性和社会的深刻思考。

3. "The Marriage of Heaven and Hell"（《天堂与地狱的婚姻》）这首诗是布莱克的另一部代表作，通过对天堂和地狱的对立与统一的思考，表达了布莱克对于宗教、道德和人性的独特见解。

诗中融合了宗教、哲学、神秘主义等多种元素，展现了布莱克独特的艺术风格和思想深度。

二、威廉·布莱克的散文作品除了诗歌作品之外，布莱克还有大量的散文作品，其中最著名的是《天真与经验的对照》，这部作品深刻地探讨了人类天性和社会现实的关系，对于儿童、教育和社会问题进行了系统性的分析和解读。

william blake的诗歌威廉·布莱克（William Blake）是18世纪英国的一位重要诗人、画家和版画家。

他的诗歌作品独特而又富有表现力，通常涉及宗教、自然和人类心灵的主题。

在他的作品中，布莱克探索了人类存在的意义、灵魂的复杂性以及社会的不公。

布莱克的诗歌作品可以分为两种风格：一种是具象与清晰的，另一种是模糊与抽象的。

无论是哪种风格，他都热衷于使用象征、隐喻和对比手法，以便传递他深刻的思想和感受。

布莱克的一系列诗歌作品，如《天国之书》（The Book of Thel）、《无辜之书》（The Book of Innocence）和《经验之书》（The Book of Experience），反映了他对人类经验的深度思考。

这些作品以寓言形式呈现，探讨了人类天性、天堂、地狱和苦难等主题。

布莱克在这些诗歌中使用了自己创造的象征符号和画面，以帮助读者更好地理解他表达的思想和情感。

举例来说，《天国之书》中的《铸光者》（The Clod and the Pebble）是一首描写爱情的诗歌。

通过比较泥土和鹅卵石的态度，布莱克表达了对不同类型的爱之观念。

泥土代表了无私和牺牲的爱，而鹅卵石则代表自私和占有的爱。

这首诗歌充满了对人类情感复杂性的思考，在简洁的文字中呈现了丰富的意义。

布莱克的另一首著名诗作是《西南风》（The Tyger），它反映了人类理解上帝造物之奇妙的困扰。

诗歌以问句的形式提出一系列问题，探讨了创造者和创造物之间的关系。

布莱克使用强烈的视觉、听觉和意象，将读者引入对善恶、美丽和恐怖之间微妙辩证关系的探索。

此外，布莱克的《杀人蠕虫的咒语》（The Chimney Sweeper）系列诗歌描述了伦敦的烟囱清扫工人的悲惨生活。

这些诗歌揭示了工业时代社会不正义的一面，探讨了儿童权益和社会贫困的问题。

通过讲述一个受苦受难的孩子的悲惨故事，布莱克谴责了身体和心灵的压迫。

无论是诗歌还是他的版画作品，布莱克都常常使用黑暗和光明的对比，以表达他对人类存在的矛盾和复杂性的认识。

williamblake 春天的诗歌
原文：
《春之颂》
春风拂柳绿，花苞欲吐鲜。

彩蝶翩翩舞，暖阳照大千。

一、衍生注释：
“春风拂柳绿”：春风轻柔地吹拂着柳树，使之变得翠绿。

“花苞欲吐鲜”：花骨朵即将绽放，展现出鲜艳的色彩。

“彩蝶翩翩舞”：色彩斑斓的蝴蝶在空中优美地飞舞。

“暖阳照大千”：温暖的阳光照耀着广阔的天地。

二、赏析：
这首诗用简洁而生动的语言描绘了春天的景象。

春风、柳绿、花苞、彩蝶、暖阳，这些元素共同构成了一幅充满生机与活力的春景图。

诗
句的语言清新自然，让人仿佛能身临其境，感受到春天的美好和温暖。

三、作者介绍：
William Blake（威廉·布莱克）是 18 世纪末、19 世纪初的英国诗人、画家。

他的作品具有独特的想象力和神秘主义色彩，常常探讨宗教、
人性和自然等主题。

四、运用片段：
春天来了，我漫步在公园，眼前的景象不正是威廉·布莱克笔下“春
风拂柳绿，花苞欲吐鲜。

彩蝶翩翩舞，暖阳照大千”的美好吗？你看那
柳树在微风中摇曳，好似在向人们诉说着春天的故事；花朵努力地绽
放着自己的美丽，仿佛在争奇斗艳；蝴蝶在花丛中穿梭，如同快乐的
精灵；阳光温暖地洒在大地上，给万物带来了生机和希望。

这样的春天，怎能不让人心生欢喜？。

William BlakeBlake, William (b. Nov. 28, 1757, London--d. Aug. 12, 1827, London)English poet, painter, engraver; one of the earliest and greatest figures of Romanticism. The most famous of Blake's lyrical poems is Auguries of Innocence, with its memorable opening stanza:To see a World in a Grain of SandAnd a Heaven in a Wild Flower,Hold Infinity in the palm of your handAnd Eternity in an hour."I do not behold the outward creation... it is a hindrance and not action." Thus William Blake--painter, engraver, and poet--explained why his work was filled with religious visions rather than with subjects from everyday life. Few people in his time realized that Blake expressed these visions with a talent that approached genius. He lived in near poverty and died unrecognized. Today, however, Blake is acclaimed one of England's great figures of art and literature and one of the most inspired and original painters of his time.Blake was born on Nov. 28, 1757, in London. His father ran a hosiery shop. William, the third of five children, went to school only long enough to learn to read and write, and then he worked in the shop until he was 14. When he saw the boy's talent for drawing, Blake's father apprenticed him to an engraver.At 25 Blake married Catherine Boucher. He taught her to read and write and to help him in his work. They had no children. They worked together to produce an edition of Blake's poems and drawings, called Songs of Innocence. Blake engraved both words and pictures on copper printing plates. Catherine made the printing impressions, hand-colored the pictures, and bound the books. The books sold slowly, for a few shillings each. Today a single copy is worth many thousands of dollars.Blake's fame as an artist and engraver rests largely on a set of 21 copperplate etchings to illustrate the Book of Job in the Old Testament. However, he did much work for which other artists and engravers got the credit. Blake was a poor businessman, and he preferred to work on subjects of his own choice rather than on those that publishers assigned him.A follower of Emanuel Swedenborg, who offered a gentle and mystic interpretation of Christianity, Blake wrote poetry that largely reflects Swedenborgian views. Songs of Innocence (1789) shows life as it seems to innocent children. Songs of Experience (1794) tells of a mature person's realization of pain and terror in the universe. This book contains his famous `Tiger! Tiger! Burning Bright'. Milton (1804-0 and Jerusalem (1804-20) are longer and more obscure works. Blake died on Aug. 12, 1827.。

威廉·布莱克《从一颗沙子看世界》（Toseeaworldinagrainofsand）威廉·布莱克（William Blake）是18世纪末、19世纪初的一个英国诗人，活着的时候没人知道，直到20世纪初才被挖掘出来。

他在国内最出名就是下面四行诗：To see a world in a grain of sandAnd a heaven in a wild flower,Hold infinity in the palm of your handAnd eternity in an hour.这四行诗的中译，我估计至少有二三十种。

下面选贴几种。

一沙见世界,一花窥天堂.手心握无限,须臾纳永恒.----译者不详在一颗沙粒中见一个世界，在一朵鲜花中见一片天空，在你的掌心里把握无限，在一个钟点里把握无穷。

----《布莱克诗集》上海三联，张炽恒译从一粒沙看世界，从一朵花看天堂，把永恒纳进一个时辰，把无限握在自己手心。

----王佐良一花一世界，一沙一天国，君掌盛无边，刹那含永劫。

----宗白华一颗沙里看出一个世界一朵野花里一座天堂把无限放在你的手掌上永恒在一刹那里收藏----《世界上最美丽的英文----人生短篇》但是，这几行诗在欧美并不是那么有名，讲起布莱克的时候，也不把这看作他的代表作。

似乎只有中国人才特别迷恋这几句话，我猜想也许因为这首诗跟佛教思想有相通之处有关系。

这四行诗选自一首长达132行、名为《天真的预兆》（Auguries of Innocence）的长诗，是开头四行。

这首长诗似乎并不重要，没有收在布莱克主要几本诗集里，评论家也不谈，我在网上甚至找不到它是写于哪一年的。

这首长诗通篇的风格与前四行诗很吻合，都是那种含有哲理的格言诗，总得来说很费解。

越到后面越难理解，我读了几遍，都没有看明白。

William Blake - Auguries of InnocenceTo see a world in a grain of sand,And a heaven in a wild flower,Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,And eternity in an hour.A robin redbreast in a cagePuts all heaven in a rage.A dove-house fill'd with doves and pigeons Shudders hell thro' all its regions.A dog starv'd at his master's gate Predicts the ruin of the state.A horse misused upon the roadCalls to heaven for human blood.Each outcry of the hunted hareA fibre from the brain does tear.A skylark wounded in the wing,A cherubim does cease to sing.The game-cock clipt and arm'd for fight Does the rising sun affright.Every wolf's and lion's howlRaises from hell a human soul.The wild deer, wand'ring here and there, Keeps the human soul from care.The lamb misus'd breeds public strife, And yet forgives the butcher's knife.The bat that flits at close of eveHas left the brain that won't believe.The owl that calls upon the night Speaks the unbeliever's fright.He who shall hurt the little wrenShall never be belov'd by men.He who the ox to wrath has mov'dShall never be by woman lov'd.The wanton boy that kills the flyShall feel the spider's enmity.He who torments the chafer's sprite Weaves a bower in endless night.The caterpillar on the leafRepeats to thee thy mother's grief.Kill not the moth nor butterfly,For the last judgement draweth nigh. He who shall train the horse to war Shall never pass the polar bar.The beggar's dog and widow's cat, Feed them and thou wilt grow fat.The gnat that sings his summer's song Poison gets from slander's tongue.The poison of the snake and newtIs the sweat of envy's foot.The poison of the honey beeIs the artist's jealousy.The prince's robes and beggar's rags Are toadstools on the miser's bags.A truth that's told with bad intent Beats all the lies you can invent.It is right it should be so;Man was made for joy and woe;And when this we rightly know,Thro' the world we safely go.Joy and woe are woven fine,A clothing for the soul divine.Under every grief and pineRuns a joy with silken twine.The babe is more than swaddling bands; Every farmer understands.Every tear from every eyeBecomes a babe in eternity;This is caught by females bright,And return'd to its own delight.The bleat, the bark, bellow, and roar,Are waves that beat on heaven's shore. The babe that weeps the rod beneath Writes revenge in realms of death.The beggar's rags, fluttering in air,Does to rags the heavens tear.The soldier, arm'd with sword and gun, Palsied strikes the summer's sun.The poor man's farthing is worth more Than all the gold on Afric's shore.One mite wrung from the lab'rer's hands Shall buy and sell the miser's lands;Or, if protected from on high,Does that whole nation sell and buy.He who mocks the infant's faithShall be mock'd in age and death.He who shall teach the child to doubt The rotting grave shall ne'er get out.He who respects the infant's faith Triumphs over hell and death.The child's toys and the old man's reasons Are the fruits of the two seasons.The questioner, who sits so sly,Shall never know how to reply.He who replies to words of doubtDoth put the light of knowledge out. The strongest poison ever knownCame from Caesar's laurel crown.Nought can deform the human raceLike to the armour's iron brace.When gold and gems adorn the plow,To peaceful arts shall envy bow.A riddle, or the cricket's cry,Is to doubt a fit reply.The emmet's inch and eagle's mileMake lame philosophy to smile.He who doubts from what he seesWill ne'er believe, do what you please.If the sun and moon should doubt,They'd immediately go out.To be in a passion you good may do,But no good if a passion is in you.The whore and gambler, by the state Licensed, build that nation's fate.The harlot's cry from street to streetShall weave old England's winding-sheet. The winner's shout, the loser's curse,Dance before dead England's hearse.Every night and every mornSome to misery are born,Every morn and every nightSome are born to sweet delight.Some are born to sweet delight,Some are born to endless night.We are led to believe a lieWhen we see not thro' the eye,Which was born in a night to perish in a night, When the soul slept in beams of light.God appears, and God is light,To those poor souls who dwell in night; But does a human form displayTo those who dwell in realms of day.。

William Blake (1757 - 182 7 / London / England)Education and lifethe second of five children;In 1772 he was apprenticed to an engraver and was sent to make drawings of the sculptures in Westminster Abbey, and thus awakened his interest in Gothic art.In 1779 the Royal Academy as an engraving student.On Aug. 18, 1782, Blake married Catherine Boucher,、Early in 1787 his brother Robert died。

Illuminated printing.1824, make a series of illustrations based on Dante's Divine Comedy.Died on Aug. 12, 1827.Point of viewPolitically Black was a rebel, making friends with some radicals. He strongly criticized the capitalist cruel exploitation. He cherished great expectations and enthusiasm for the French Revolution.Literarily Black was the first important romantic poet, showing contempt for the rule of reason, opposite the classical tradition of the 18th century.Writing featuresBlake writing his poems in plain an direct language. He presents his view in visual images rather that abstract ideas.Symbolism in wide range is a distinctive feature of his poetryThe subject matter of his works were Romantic in their nature because they included discussion of nature religion, the individual ,and ideas from his own imagination.Main Works1783 Poetical Sketches1789 Songs of Innocence The Book of Thel1790 The Marimage of Heaven and Hell1793 Visions of the Daughters of Albion1794 Songs of Experience1795 The Songs of LosPictorial workCompletely out of the artistic mainstreamEnglish figurative painting of the later 18th century.Blake stressed the primacy of art created from the imagination over that drawn from the observation of nature.He was an engraver, painter and a political activist as well as one of the most revolutionary of the Romantic. In the Twentieth century, Blake has been recognized as a highly original and important poet, artist and writer, and as a member of an enduring tradition of visionary artists and philosophers, an individualist, a libertarian, and an uncompromising critic of orthodoxy and authoritarianism.Geoffrey Chaucer Herbert Spencer John Milton Wordsworth，William ShakespeareSongs of Innocence is Blake's first masterpiece of "illuminated printing." differs radically from the rather derivative pastoral mode of the Poetical Sketches; in the Songs, Blake took as his models the popular street ballads and rhymes for children of his own time, transmuting these forms by his genius into some of the purest lyric poetry in the English language.Songs of Experience in Blake's own words "showing the two contrary states of the human soul.”The "two contrary states" are innocence, when the child's imagination has simply the function of completing its own growth; and experience, when it is faced with the world of law, morality, and repression. The earlier collection's celebration of a beneficent God is countered by the image of him in Experience, in which he becomes the tyrannous God of repression. The key symbol of Innocence is the Lamb; the corresponding image in Experience is the Tyger, The Tyger in this poem is the incarnation of energy, strength, lust, and cruelty, and the tragic dilemma of mankind is poignantly summarized in the final question, "Did he who made the Lamb make thee?"He contrast with "The Lamb" is obvious. ("Little Lamb, who made thee? Dost thou know who made thee?" The answer is God, who became incarnate as Jesus the Lamb.) "The Tyger" asks, "Did he who made the Lamb make thee?" And the answer is, "Yes, God made the Tyger too." In The Tyger Blake points to the contrast between these two animals: the tiger is fierce, active, predatory, while The Lamb is meek, vulnerable and harmless. The tiger is symbol of (endangered) wildlife, and the beauty and the horror of the natural world.To understand "The Tyger" fully, you need to know Blake's symbols. One of the central themes in his major works is that of the Creator as a blacksmith. This is both God the Creator (personified in Blake's myth as Los) and Blake himself (again with Los as his alter-ego.) Blake identified God's creative process with the work of an artist. And it is art that brings creation to its fulfillment -- by showing the world as it is, by sharpening perception, by giving form to ideas. Blake considered our own world to be a fine and wonderful place, but one that would ultimately give way to a restored universe. Blake believed that his own visions, which included end-of-the- world images and sometimes a sense of cosmic oneness, prefigured this, and that his art would help raise others "to the perception of the infinite."。

英国诗人威廉布莱克（William Blake），曾写诗歌如下：Love’s secretNever seek to tell thy love,Love that never told can be;For the gentle wind doth moveSilently, invisiblyI told my love, I told my love,I told her all my heart,Trembling, cold, in ghastly fears,Ah! She did depart;Soon after she was gone from me,A traveler came by,Silently, invisibly;He took her with a sigh.朱光潜老师曾经这么翻译：（一）切莫告诉你的爱情，爱情是永远不可以告诉的，因为她像微风一样，不做声不做气地吹着。

（二）我曾经把我的爱情告诉二又告诉，我把一切都披肝沥胆地告诉爱人了。

打着寒颤，耸头发地苦诉，然而她终于离我而去了！（三）她离我去了，不多时一个过客来了。

不做声不做气地，只微叹一声，便把她带去了。

朱老师实在是有点啰嗦。

看李老师：（一）君莫诉衷情，衷情不能诉。

微风拂面来，寂寂如重雾。

（二）我曾诉衷情，万语皆烟树。

惶恐心难安，伊人莫我顾。

（三）伊人离我后，行者方过路。

无言只太息，双双无寻处。

李敖如此评价朱老师：“达意有余，诗意不足。

”并且很实事求是地自我评价“比朱稍胜”。

李老师曰：“我认为诗以有韵为上，没韵的诗，只证明了掌握中文能力的不足。

”朱光潜(1897-1986>既是美学大师，又是翻译大家。

他一生翻译了许多著作，如克罗齐的《美学原理》、柏地耶的《愁斯丹与绮瑟》、柏拉图的《文艺对话集》(1959年)、莱辛的《拉奥孔》、黑格尔的《美学》第一卷(1958年)、黑格尔的《美学》第二、三卷(1981年)、爱克曼的《歌德谈话录》等。