英语音标表以及字母、字母组合发音规律记忆口诀
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英语字母发音规律详解:附音节划分口诀单个字母发音规律A a /ei/ 字母a 在元音字母结尾的单词,字母a发/ei//æ/字母a在辅音字母结尾的单词和辅音字母双写前,字母a发/æ//a/ 在字母m t l n 前和字母w后发/a/. a当前缀发/a/B b /b/ 字母b 在m后和t前都不发音/mb bt/C c /k/ 字母c在原因字母a o u和辅音字母前发/k//s/ 字母c在e i y 和ae前发 /s/D d /d/ 字母d发/d//d?/ 字母d在字母g前发/d?/E e /i:/字母e在元音字母结尾的单词,和前缀中发/i://e/字母e在辅音字母结尾的单词和辅音字母双写前,l n+辅音前发/e/字母e在结尾不发音F f /f/字母f发/f/G g /g/字母g在元音字母a o u 和辅音字母前和词尾发/g//d?/字母g 在e i y 前和词尾ge发/d?/字母g在字母n和m前不发音H h /h/字母h在单词开头发/h/ 结尾以组合字母形式出现I I /ai/字母i在元音字母结尾的单词和字母l n g前发/ai//i/字母i在辅音字母结尾的单词和辅音字母双写前发/i/J j /d?/字母J只在单词开头出现/d?/K k /k/字母k在单词中发/k/,多数是在单词结尾字母k在字母n和m前不发音L l /l/字母l在元音字母前发/l//l/字母l在元音字母后发/l/M m /m/字母m一般发/m/mn词首m不发音、词尾n不发音N n /n/字母n发/n//?/字母n在辅音字母k和g前发/ ?/O o /?u/字母o在元音字母结尾的单词和辅音字母l st th/u:/在以o结尾的单词发/ u:/ 是/?u/的调整发音/?/字母o在辅音字母结尾的单词和辅音字母双写前字母o发/?/ /?/字母o在me ve n th(n m v th)前发/?/P p /p/字母p发/p/在辅音字母n s t 前不发音Q q /k/ 字母q在元音字母前发/k/,很少在结尾出现R r /r/在元音字母前发/r/ 读:弱/r=?/在元音字母后发/?/S s /s/在词首、轻辅音后和辅音字母前,元音字母和无声e之间/z/在元音字母之间,浊辅音前/?.?/在字母u ia io 前T t /t/一般情况发 /t//t?/在组合字母ure前发/t?/U u /ju/字母u 在元音字母结尾的单词, 发/ju//u:/是/ju/的调整发音,经常在j l r后面/?/字母u在辅音字母结尾的单词和辅音字母双写前,发/?//u/是/?/的调整发音,经常在sh 和l前/w/ 在q后发wV v /v/一般情况发/v/W w /w/一般情况发/w//u:/X x /ks/一般在词尾/gz/多在词尾,后接a,i时Y y /j/做为辅音字母出现在词首/i/在以y多多音节单词/ai/元音y结尾的单音节单词Z z /z/第一张音标补充练习字母分类元音字母:有6个,大家一定要牢记A a O oE e U uI i Y y辅音字母:21个,也就是除了a e i o u 以外的都是辅音字母只有一个发音有12个辅音字母有两个发音的有7个H h C cJ j D dK k T tM m G g B b N nP p W wQ q L lR r 辅音字母有三个发音的有2个V v S sF f Y yZ zX x单词划分规律口诀辅音原音为一组,没有元音辅单独。
英语音标表发音规律记忆口诀u 英语音标表、字母表----- 字母、字母组合发音规律记忆口诀一、尝试用“胸腔辅助送力---—口腔后部发声法”背诵念读26个英文字母,感觉学习标准发音,直到感觉音准,流利,升降调式自如为止。
印刷体:大写 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z小写 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z手写体倾斜:(注意四线格占格要求)大写 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z小写 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z[ ei / bi: /si: /di: / i: /ef /dVi: / eitF / ai / dVei / kei / el /em /en /Eu /pi://kju: /B: /es /ti: /ju: / vi: /dQblju: /eks /wai /zi:]u 先观察以上字母的读音,然后,把含有共同元音因素的字母进行分类:(1) [ei] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](2) [i:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](3) [ai] ___[ ] ___[ ](4) [Eu] ___[ ](5) [u:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](6) [e] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](7) [B:] ___[ ]二、英语中元音和辅音(母音和子音)的分类表三、英语拼音怎么来拼读:(也就是单词的音标怎么读。
/与我们汉语拼音很相似)(拼读规则:以元音为中心划分音节,按音节来拼读。
英语音标发音规律记忆口诀英语音标表、字母表----- 字母、字母组合发音规律记忆口诀一、尝试用“胸腔辅助送力---—口腔后部发声法”背诵念读26个英文字母,感觉学习标准发音,直到感觉音准,流利,升降调式自如为止。
印刷体:大写 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 小写 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z手写体倾斜:(注意四线格占格要求)大写 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z小写 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z[ ei / bi: /si: /di: / i: /ef /dVi: / eitF / ai / dVei / kei / el /em /en /Eu /pi://kju: /B: /es /ti: /ju: / vi: /dQblju: /eks /wai /zi:] 先观察以上字母的读音,然后,把含有共同元音因素的字母进行分类:(1) [ei] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](2) [i:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](3) [ai] ___[ ] ___[ ](4) [Eu] ___[ ](5) [u:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](6) [e] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](7) [B:] ___[ ]二、英语中元音和辅音(母音和子音)的分类表英语音标(采用口腔后部发声法发音)发音特征元音*母音单元音声带振动前元音:[i:/ I:] [i] [e] [A]发音清晰响亮气流通畅中元音:[Q] [E] [E: / \:]后元音:[B:] [C:] [C] [u:] [u]双元音振动[ai] [ei] [Ci] [iE] [ZE/ eE] [uE] [au] [Eu]辅音*子音哑辅音不振动[p][t][k] [f][s][W][F] [h] [tF][tr][ts]发音含糊晦涩气流受阻浊辅音振动[b][d][g] [v][z][T][V] [r] [dV][dr][dz][m][n][N] [l]/[l] [w][j ]辅音连缀[pr][pl][br][bl][kr][kl][gr][gl][fr][fl][sn][sl][sk][sp][sw][dw][hw][kw][tw] [Wr][pju:][bju:][tju:][dju:][kju:][gju:][fju:][vju:][lju:][mju:][nju:][hju:][zju三、英语拼音怎么来拼读:(也就是单词的音标怎么读。
英语音标表发音规律记忆口诀英语音标表、字母表----- 字母、字母组合发音规律记忆口诀一、尝试用“胸腔辅助送力---—口腔后部发声法”背诵念读26个英文字母,感觉学习标准发音,直到感觉音准,流利,升降调式自如为止。
印刷体:大写 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z小写 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z[ ei / bi: /si: /di: / i: /ef /dVi: / eitF / ai / dVei / kei / el /em /en /Eu /pi://kju: /B: /es /ti: /ju: / vi: /dQblju: /eks /wai /zi:]u 先观察以上字母的读音,然后,把含有共同元音因素的字母进行分类:(1) [ei] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](2) [i:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](3) [ai] ___[ ] ___[ ](4) [Eu] ___[ ](5) [u:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](6) [e] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](7) [B:] ___[ ]二、英语中元音和辅音(母音和子音)的分类表三、英语拼音怎么来拼读:(也就是单词的音标怎么读。
/与我们汉语拼音很相似) (拼读规则:以元音为中心划分音节,按音节来拼读。
)拼读口诀:元音为中心,划分音节、按音节拼读;多音节加重音、多音节一重多轻发音,轻音节怎么轻怎么发音。
重开音节读长音,轻/闭音节读短音。
例子:he[hi:], name [neim], table[`teibl], bicycle[`baisikl], teacher[`ti:tFE], red, cap, and, thank, basket, yellow, umbrella,*****{详细内容见后面第五节(本材料第8页):五、音节划分。
英语音标表发音规律记忆口诀◆英语音标表.字母表----- 字母.字母组合发音规律记忆口诀一.尝试用“胸腔辅助送力---—口腔后部发声法”背诵念读26个英文字母,感觉学习标准发音,直到感觉音准,流利,升降调式自如为止.印刷体:大写 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z小写 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 手写体倾斜:(注意四线格占格要求)大写 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z小写 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z[]◆先观察以上字母地读音,然后,把含有共同元音因素地字母进行分类:(1) [ei] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](2) [i:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]___[ ] ___[ ](3) [ai] ___[ ] ___[ ](4) [Eu] ___[ ](5) [u:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](6) [e] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](7) [B:] ___[ ]二. 英语中元音和辅音(母音和子音)地分类表三.英语拼音怎么来拼读:(也就是单词地音标怎么读./与我们汉语拼音很相似)(拼读规则:以元音为中心划分音节,按音节来拼读.)拼读口诀:元音为中心,划分音节.按音节拼读;多音节加重音.多音节一重多轻发音,轻音节怎么轻怎么发音.重开音节读长音,轻/闭音节读短音.例子:he[hi:], name [neim], table[`teibl],bicycle[`baisikl], teacher[`ti:tFE], red, cap, and, thank, basket, yellow, umbrella,*****{详细内容见后面第五节(本材料第8页):五.音节划分...} 小测试:音标拼读练习.[ai] + [E] →[aiE] [au]+ [E]→[auE] [h]+ [iE]→[hiE] [p]+ [ZE] →[pZE] [t]+[Ci] →[tCi][ei]+ [tF]→ [eitF] [tF] +[ei]→[tFei] [g]+[Eu]→[gEu][k]+[au]→[kau] [sn]+[Eu]→[snEu][pr]+[au]→[prau] [pl]+[ei]→[plei] [gr]+[i:]→[gri:][gl]+[u:]→[glu:] [kl]+[B:]→[klB:][kl]+[B:]+[s]→[klB:s] [t]+[u:]+[W]→[tu:W][br]+[au]+[n]→[braun] [r]+[Q]+[b]+[E]→[`rQbE][b]+[B:]+[s]+[k]+[i]+[t]→[`bB:skit][t]+[i:]+[tF]+[E]→[`ti:tFE][Q]+[m]+[br]+[e]+[l]+[E]→[Qm`brelE][bai]+[si]+[kl]→[`baisikl] [brQ]+[TE]→[`brQTE]四.英文字母和常见字母组合地发音规则(或一般规律):1. 为什么要掌握字母和常见字母组合地一般发音规律?目地只有一个,让我们能够做到------见字读音.音义结合.记住词形.服务拼写.第二步就是要反过来,学会语音认字(类似我们地拼音认字),通过多加练习,逐步达到听音写字.音义结合地水平.第三步是形义结合,练习英语汉语意义对应翻译.例1:假如你知道字母组合ee一般发音是[i:] (规律), 那么,meet这个单词就脱口而出了.单词(词形): meet 词义:遇见;初次见面/认识;满足迎合;迎接/出迎.[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标例 2:单词(词形):which 词义:哪个,哪些[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标例 3:单词(词形):whose 词义:谁地?[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标例 4:单词(词形):pl ea se 词义:请,求你了,[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标2. 英语26个字母和常见字母组合地一般发音规律:(要求熟记于心,脱口而出)?总口诀:元音字母音多变,熟记规则也不难.辅音字母显易单,见面就把音来念.字母组合固定音,千锤百炼习语感.遇见生词找规律,划分音节顺口连,元音字母在中间,辅音字母两边站,字母组合算一个,熟能生巧难亦简.?辅音字母发音小口诀:辅音字母显易单,见面就把音来念.b发[b], c发[k], ci(y) ce多发[s]; 例词:blue, table, Crisp, class, picture, actor, pencil, bicycle, nice,d发[d], f [f], g发[g] [dV], [V]少见; Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee, green, egg, orange, garageh [h], j发[dV], k / l [k] [l]可分连; her, here, his, jeep,Japan, book, look, blue, Klan classm [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r 发[r]; meet, am, no, green, thank, English, pen, cap, quickly, Crisp,s 最多[s]和[z], 趋唇[F] [V]也常见; sir, this, sit, is, his, whose, please, sure[F], usually[V], pleasurex 发音剪头端,[ks]多于[gz]面; six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise; exam, (后接重读元音)t 发[t], v 发[v], w 辅音[w]来念; teacher, it, very, voice, river, with, swim, wash, which, white最后一个字母z,发好[z]音才算完.zoo, zero, size, puzzle, ?辅音字母一见发音表:?常见辅音字母组合地发音口诀:字母组合固定音,千锤百炼习语感.wh发音 [h] 和 [w], th 常发 [W] 和 [T];ch/tch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k];sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾);ge\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k].wr 发卷趋 [r], 双写分节不分音.{ 动词或复数词尾s /es, 多发[s][z]/ 和[iz]; ts [ts] ds[dz]}例词:wh发音 [h] 和 [w],wh ---[ ] which, white, what, where, when, why [ ] whose, who, whole {*whew [hw-]}th 常发 [W] 和 [T];th --- [ ] this, that, the, they, with [ ] thank, three, tooth, forth, eleventhch/tch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k];(t)ch ---[ ] chicken, chair, child, sandwich, catch, watch chase(追赶,追击,追求),[ ] ache, headache, chemist [ ] machine[mE`FEn],chaise [Feiz] (带篷二轮马车)sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾); sh ---[ ] shoe, ship, sheep, fish, wash, ashph ---[ ] photo, telephone, phrase gh ---[ ] right, light, daughter [ ] laugh, coughge\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];(d)ge ---[ ] orange, page, bridge, fridge, porridge(麦片粥,稀饭)ck ---[ ] black, kick, lock, backkn ---[ ] knife, know, knock, knee(膝盖), kneel(跪下), knit (编织), knob(球形把手, 旋钮),knack (诀窍), knight(骑士,武士; **《金山游侠》,金山公司出品地游戏修改软件),ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k].ng ---[ ] sing, song, long, wing [ ] English, hungryqu ---[ ] quick, quite(相当,十分), quiet (安静地,平静地), quarter, require,[ ] cheque(支票), unique(唯一,独有独特地), technique(技巧), wr 发卷趋 [r],wr ---[ ] wrong, write, wrap(包,裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(拧,扭), wrestle(摔跤), wring(绞,扭)双写分节不分音:miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {双写元音字母:see, zoo, book}ts/tes ---[ ] its tail(它地尾巴), two baskets /boats(两个篮子/小船), my coats /shirts (我地上衣/衬衫), three hats(三顶帽子), five cats(五只猫), many streets(许多街道), twopackets(两个包裹/两包..), some presents/ sweets(一些礼物/糖果), two biscuits (两块饼干), a box of chocolates (一包巧克力糖), ten minutes (十分钟), two gates (两扇大门), inmy pockets (在我地口袋里), two lights /kites (两个灯 /风筝), two nests (两个鸟巢/窝), two tea-pots (两个茶壶), somecarrots (一些胡萝卜), What’s this? It’s a pen. sits, ds/des---[ ] two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their heads, two blackboards, goods(商品/货物),辅音连缀:pr ---[ ] practice, praise, pray, press, price, proud,pl---[ ] please, play, plane, plan, place, plain, plenty (丰富, 大量), pliers (钳子(如老虎钳,手钳,扁嘴钳等),镊子), plod(沉重地走, 辛勤工作), plop (扑通落下), plum(李子), plug(插头,插上),br---[ ] brag(吹牛), brake (闸,刹车), brain, break, bread, breed (使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养), brown, bride(新娘),bribe(贿赂, 向…行贿), brushbl---[ ] black, bleed, blind, blouse, blood, blue,cr-/kr---[ ] crab(螃蟹), cradle(摇篮), cream, crop, cricket([昆]蟋蟀, [运动]板球) criticize(批评, 责备), cry, cruel(残忍地), kraut(泡菜), Kremlin (克里姆林宫),cl-/kl---[ ] class, claim((根据权利)要求得到, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要) clean, clear, clock, close, click(发出滴答声,单击n.滴答声) , club(俱乐部, 夜总会,), klaxon (高音喇叭/气笛, 电喇叭), Klan (=Ku Klux Klan)三K党)gr---[ ] grade, grass, grape, graceful(优雅地,温文尔雅),green, great, grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), grin(露齿笑, 裂口笑), groan(呻吟(着说), gruffly (说话或态度粗暴地, 粗声地, 生硬地)gl---[ ] glass, glad, gleam (发微光, 使闪烁), glide(滑行,滑翔), globe(地球仪), glove(手套), glue(胶水/胶合)fr---[ ] France, French, free, fresh (新鲜地, 无经验地), frequent (频繁地), friend (朋友), fried, fry, frog (青蛙), from(自,从),front (前面,前线,阵线), fruit (水果, 果实, 果类, 成果), frustrated (感到灰心/失败地)fl---[ ] flat, flag, flame(火焰,热情), flap (拍打, 鼓翼而飞, 飘动), flares (喇叭裤), flash (闪光, 闪现, 一瞬间), flea (跳蚤), flee (逃跑, 逃走), fleer (狞笑, 讥笑), flesh (肉,果肉), flinch (畏缩, 退缩, 畏首畏尾), floor (地板,楼层),float (漂浮,浮舟,彩车), flood (洪水, 水灾, 淹没, 涌进,涌出) flour (面粉), flow (流动, (河水)泛滥, 洋溢), flower (花) , flu (流感), fly (飞翔,飞行),flub (做得不好, 弄糟), fluent (流利地, 流畅地),sl---[ ] slave (奴隶), slander (诽谤), slaughter (屠宰, 残杀, 屠杀), sleep (睡眠, 睡觉), sleet (下/雨加雪, 下冰雹),sleeve (袖子), slice (薄片, 切片), slim (苗条地, 纤细地), slip (滑倒, 失足), slogan (口号, 标语), slow(ly) (慢地/地), sly/ slily [slaili](狡猾地/地), sm---[ ] small (小地, 少地), smart (聪明地, 漂亮地, 灵巧地, 时髦地), smarty (=wise guy自作聪明地人), smell(气味, 臭味, //嗅, 闻到, 散发(...地)气味, 有(...地)气味), smile ((~ at) 微笑), smog (烟雾), smoke (n.烟, 烟尘, 烟幕//v.抽烟, 吸烟vi.冒烟), smuggle (n.走私, 偷带v.走私), sn---[ ] snow, snake, snack (吃)快餐/小吃)), snail (蜗牛), snap (猛咬), sneer (冷笑,轻蔑地笑), sneeze (打/ 喷嚏), snob /snobling (势利地年轻人, 势利小人),sk---[ ] skate, skating, skirt, ski (=skee滑雪), skim (掠过, 滑过, 浏览), skin (皮肤, 兽皮, 皮毛), skint (身无分文地, 穷光蛋地), skip (跳, 蹦,跳读), sky-blue (天蓝色地, 淡蓝色, 蔚蓝色)sp---[ ] space (空间, 间隔, 距离, 空地, 余地), spade (铲, 铁锹), Spain (西班牙), spare (多余地, 剩下地/分让给), spell, speak (说话, 谈话, 发言, 演讲, 说明事实, 表示意见,操(某种语言)), spear ([spiE]矛, 枪), specific([spi`sifik]特效药, 详细而精确地, 明确地), spice (香料,调味品,情趣), spider (蜘蛛), sport(运动,运动会), spume[spju:m](n.泡沫v.(使)起泡沫), spumous (adj.起泡沫地, 泡沫状地), spur[spE:](n.踢马剌, 剌激物v.鞭策), sputter[`spQtE](n.vi.vt.说话急快/唾沫飞溅/飞溅出/喷溅声),sputum [spju:tEm](唾液, 痰), spy (特工, 间谍, 侦探,//秘密侦察),st---[ ] stand, stamp (邮票, 跺(脚), 顿(足)), stage (舞台,戏剧,举行), star (星, 恒星, 明星, 名角), start (动身,开始,着手惊动,惊起,起动,发动), staff (棒, 杖, 杆, 支柱, 全体职员), stadium (露天运动场/体育场), step, steep(陡峭地), stick (棍, 棒, 手杖/粘住, 粘贴), stop, student, stupid (愚蠢地, 麻木地), stupidity (蠢事,糊涂事), stutter (口吃, 结结巴巴地说), style (风格, 时尚, 文体),sw---[ ] swab ([swCb]n.拖把, 药签,vt. 拭抹, 擦洗), swag(摇晃, 水潭,垂花饰), swear(宣誓, 发誓), sweat(n/v.(使)出汗),sweater(厚运动衫, 毛线衫), sweep(扫, 打扫, 清扫, 席卷, 冲光), sweepup(n.大扫除), sweet(甜地, 可受地, 美好地, 芳香地/n. 糖果),swim (swam,swum), swing (swang, swung,秋千, 摇摆, 摆动), swicky([美]威士忌酒), swig(n/v.痛饮, 大喝特喝(尤指从瓶口喝地)), swiftly(迅速地, 敏捷地), swindle (sb of…骗走某人地), swob(拖把, 海棉), swobble(大口地吃), swoon(vi.昏晕, 昏厥惊讶, 酣睡n.狂喜, 陶醉), swoop(n.突然下降, 猛扑vt攫取vi.飞扑, 突然袭击),sword(剑), swot(at../ for../up; vi.用功读书vt.用功学习n.苦读地人, 辛苦地工作),dw---[ ] dwarf ([dwC:f]n.矮子, 侏儒v.(使)变矮小), dwell(at../in...居住停留于;on../upon..细想, 详述),tw---[ ] twelve, twelfth, twenty, twentieth, twain ([twein]n.两, 双, 二, 一对), twin(s), twig([twig]n.嫩枝, 小枝, 末梢), twice([twais]adv.两次, 两倍), twiddle(with…v.玩弄, 旋弄,捻), twill ([twil]n.斜纹织物vt.把...织成斜纹adj.斜纹织物地), twine ([twain]n.合股线, 细绳, 麻线, 搓v.搓, 织, 编饰, (使)缠绕), twinge([twindV]n.一阵一阵痛, 如刺一样痛, 剧痛vt.使一阵一阵痛, 刺痛), twinkle([5twiNkl]v.闪烁, 闪耀, (使)闪光n.闪烁, 发光, 牛眼), twist([twist]n.一扭, 扭曲,手法, 螺旋状vt.拧, 扭曲, 绞, 搓, 捻, 使苦恼, 使转动, vi.扭弯, 扭曲, 缠绕, 扭动, 呈螺旋形),two,thr---[ ] three, thread(线,细丝, 线索, 思路, 螺纹), threaten(恐吓, 威胁), threnode (哀歌), thrive(兴旺,繁荣, 茁壮成长, 旺盛), throw(扔,抛,投,摔,掷,丢),through (通过,穿过,透过/〔时间〕从…地开始到末了,从头到尾;〔场所〕到处,全面), throat (咽喉, 喉咙, 嗓音, 窄路), throne (王座, 君主), throstle (=wood thrush画眉鸟), thruput(吞吐量), thrust(力推, 冲, 插入, 挤进, 刺, 戳),thrypsis([5Wripsis]粉碎性骨折),******************************************************** *********提前练一练,看看有何难.小测试:1). 见字读音: 写出下列单词地音标.class [ ] this [ ] your [ ] you [ ] here [ ] Sandy [ ] Crisp [ ]2). 音义结合:写出下列读音所对应地汉语意义.[klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg] ___________; [kQm] ______;3). 听音写字:根据音标写单词.[klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg] ___________; [kQm] ______;[hu:z] ________ [it] ___ [pli:z] ________ [daun] _______ [`ru:lE] _______ [kQm] ____4). 形义结合:英汉互译(即,写出对应地英语或汉语意思).her -____; thank-_______; 定冠词/ 这个或那个-______; 书-______; rubber -_______;小姐 -______; 帽子 -_____; Sit down please. ________;Thank you. _______; Here you are._________; Yes, it is. ________; Come here, please.___________;?字母L地两种读音口诀:音节开头发清音[l -], 音节末尾模糊音[- l], [l - ] lazy, like, look, long, lubber ([`lQbE] adj.粗笨地, 笨拙地n.傻大个), black, please, clock, color, toilet,holiday, English, Italian, nationality, lollipop, [- l ] girl[E:l], ball [C:l], small, school[u:l], well[el], smell, level[(E)l], smile[ail], hill[il], old[Eul], cold,child[ail], children [il], full [ul], beautiful [ul],apple [pl], people, pupil, table [bl], impossible, label((贴)标签), little [tl], bottle, title, middle [dl],cradle(摇篮),bicycle [kl], eagle [gl], pencil [sl],puzzle [-zl], dazzle[5dAzl](眩目,晃眼,耀眼), 常见音节尾音总结:[][-pl / -bl / -tl / -dl / -kl / -gl / -fl / -vl / -sl / -zl / ] [-]?元音字母a e i(y) o u 地发音口诀:元音字母音多变,熟记规则也不难.重开音节多长音,[ei][i:][ai][Eu][ju:/u:]来拼;重闭音节/轻音短,[A][e][i][C][Q][u][E]a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E].e地发音首数[e],空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E].重开音节i发[ai],重闭/轻音短[i][E].o发长音[Eu][C:][u:],短音[Q][C][E] one殊.u字多发 [ju:]和[Q],忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u].y头发[j]重读[ai],轻音/结尾[i]变来.ay ,ey, o/uy,多发[ei][i],[Ci][ai].r前元音常卷舌,S后弱音须强化.相近发音不规则,省力顺口是关键.相近/强化加弱化,使得元音多变化.例词:a--- [/ ei / ] 强化音[ei],弱化音[E]a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E].name [ei], table [ei], car [B:], park [B:], class [B:], basket [B:/A], as [A], ass [A], father [B:], afterward(s)[B:/E](然后, 后来), dollar [E],cap [A], catch [A],grammar [A/E], America [E], asleep, alone, afraid, banana[E /B:/E], woman [E], water [C:], watch [C], what [C], war[C:], orange [i],e--- [/ i:/ e/ i / E/ -*(词尾空音] 强化音[i:],弱化音[E/i ] e地发音首数[e],空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E].he [i:], she [i:], we [i:], me [i:], evening [i:], red [e], pencil [e], empty [e], desk [e], umbrella [e], French [e], basket [i], women [i], pretty [i], the [E / i:], children[E], open [E], hundred [E / i:],/ -*(词尾空音whose [z], house [s], nice [s],face [s], white [t], name [m], give [v], side [d], wake[k], prize [z], fine [n], tube [b], orange [dV], employee[i:] (职工, 雇员, 店员), apple [pl], table [bl], little[tl], middle [dl], bicycle [kl], eagle [gl](鹰),i--- [ /ai / i:/ i / E / ] 强化音[ai/i:],弱化音[E/ i] 重开音节发[i: /ai],重闭/轻音短[i][E].right [ai], bicycle [ai], white [ai], police [i:], this [i], which [i], his [i],building [i], beautiful [E], holiday [E], o--- [ /Eu/ Q/ C/ C:/u:/ u / E / wQ-] 强化音[Eu/ C:/u:],弱化音[E]o发长音[Eu][C:][u:],短音[Q][C][E] one殊.no [Eu], cold [Eu], those [Eu], come [Q], some [Q], mother [Q], brother [Q], son [Q], month [Q], dog [C], not [C], hot [C], sorry [C], shop [C], locker [C], box [C], orange [C:], whose [u:], who [u:], do [u:], to [u:], two [u:], woman [u],policeman [E], today [E], occasion [E](场合, 时机, 机会), aeroplane [E], // one [wQn], once [wQns], reservoir[`rezEvwB:],u--- [ /ju:/ Q / u / u: /i / ] 强化音[ju:/u:],弱化音[i]u字多发 [ju:]和[Q],忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u].use [ju:], usually [ju:], tube [ju:], music [ju:], pupil [ju:], rubber [Q], umbrella [Q], mum [Q], hungry [Q], bus [Q], just [Q],cup [Q],put [u], full [u], pull [u], ruler [u:],Sue [u:],blue [u:],minute [i], busy [i]y--- [ /ai / j / i /] 强化音[ai],弱化音[i] y头发[j]重读[ai],轻音/结尾[i]变来.your [j], you [j], yes [j], yellow [j], young [j], my [ai], why [ai], tyre [ai], style [ai], fry [ai], cry [ai], bicycle [i], baby [i], ready [i], hungry [i], very [i], thirsty [i], empty[i], busy [i], body [i], slowly [i],?常见元音字母组合发音口诀:字母组合固定音,常受影响发音变;千锤百炼习语感.组合爱发长/双元(音(重读音节));常受影响发音变;为了顺口图方便,近似发音相变换.另有强化加弱化,多个字母省略念.外来/古语不规则(发音),熟读百遍字腔圆.a--- ay [ei] day, say, play, way, weekday, birthday, // [i] Sunday, Monday, …ar [B:] car, star, farm, are, park, garlic, // [E] dollar, collar, grammar, particular [pE`tikju:lE],al [C:] all, ball, small, hall, walk, chalk, // [B:] half, [C:l / Al / El ]非组合式地情况:although[C:l], alga [`AlgE](藻类, 海藻), algal [`AlgEl](adj.海藻地),algebra [Al`dVibrE] (代数学), signal [lsigEl](信号/发信号, 用信号通知),au [C:] daughter, fault, audience, cause, August[`C:gEst] (八月), august [C:`gQst](令人敬畏地, 威严地),[C] because, [au] kraut(泡菜), [B:] laugh,air [ZE] air, chair, hair, pair, fair,ai [ei] aid, aim, rain, afraid, wait, maid, straight, faith (信念, 宗教信仰, 忠实,),aw [C:] draw, law, saw, awful, raw,e--- ea [i:] teacher, tea, eat, meat, read, clean, heal, [e] bread, breakfast, head, [ei] great, break, steak,ee [i:] meet, teeth, see, three, green, week, freezing, queen, ei [ei] eight, weigh, weight, [i:] receive, ceiling, deceit (n.欺骗, 谎言), deceive(v. 欺骗, 谎言), receipt (收条,收据, 收到), perceive (v.察觉感知, 感到), conceit(原义;自负, 幻想),er [E:] her, herd(兽群, 牧群/放牧), emergency (紧急情况, 紧急突发事件, 非常时刻,), [E] teacher, sister,brother, farmer, worker, letter, over, ear [iE] ear, hear, near, year, fear, earwig (偷听者), [ZE] pear, wear, swear(宣誓, 发誓),[E:] early, earth, earn,ere [iE] here, sphere (球体), hemisphere (半球), [ZE] there, ere (prep/conj. 前于...; 在...以前),eir [ZE] their,eer [iE] beer, deer, cheer(欢呼/喝彩), sneer(冷笑,讥笑), jeer(讥讽嘲弄), engineer, ,ey [ei] they, grey, hey,ew [ju:] new, few, hew(砍), view(景色, 风景, 观点, 见解), ewe (母羊),i--- ir [E:] girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty, whirl((使)旋转), stir (轰动, 激起,搅动),ie [i:] piece, niece(侄女, 甥女), field, thief, believe, belief, achieve(完成, 达到), chief(首领, 领袖, 酋长,长官//主要地, 首要地, 首席地, 主任地), grief(悲痛,伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), relief((痛苦等地)减轻),ire [aiE] tire(轮胎;使劳累), tired(累地,疲劳地), wire(金属丝, 电线),igh [ai] right, light, fight, might(也许, 或许; 可能), night, knight,o--- or [C:] or, for, fork, morning, short, torch, more, [E:] work, worker, [E] actor, doctor, forget, oa [Eu] boat, coat, goat, goal,oo [u:]school, food, too, room, tooth, spoon, moon, boot, root, wool, mood(心情, 情绪, 语气, 状态),[u] book, look, cook, good, football, foot [Q] blood,flood,ou [au] house, blouse, trousers, mouse, mouth, south, ouch, out, our, hour, flour, sour, mountain,[Q] young, touch, rough(粗糙地, 粗略地, 大致地, 粗野地), [u:] you, through, rouge [ru:V](擦口红/胭脂), [u]would,could, should, [C:] cough,ow [au] brown, down, how, now, towel, tower, [Eu] yellow, bowl, show, blow, snow, throwoy/oi [Ci] boy, toy, enjoy, employ, // noise, noisy, toilet, oil, boil,our [au] our, flour(面粉) [C:] your, four, course,ore [C:] before, more, forehead, foresee,oor [C:/ JE]/ door, floor, moor(荒野;停泊, 系住),u--- ur [E:] turn, Thursday, hurt, fur, urge, further, urban (城市地, 市内地), suburb, suburbia (郊区居民),ure picture, future[tFE], // sure[FuE], //pleasure, measure[VE], ua [JE] usual, usually, February, graduate [`grAdJEt](大学)毕业生, 研究生),非组合发音: graduate [`grAdjJeit] (v. (使)(大学)毕业), [jJE]January,uy [ai] buy, guy,五.音节.音节地结构和类型.音节划分.音节重音和拼读:1. 音节就是英文单词字母(或发音)地排列单位,一个单位算一节.连读起来轻重缓急,流利有节奏,便于听说阅读.2. 音节地结构.类型:口诀:完全结构头中尾(音头/音中/音尾),元音字母占中央(包含组合),缺头少尾有开闭(音节),e尾/成音/r音节.开音节/闭音节:以元音或不发音地e结尾地叫开音节,以辅音结尾地是闭音节.开音节(词) :[以开音节结尾] a, area, tea, by, day, no, boy, buy, grey, ba*by, ru*ler, rub*ber, fa*ther, the, she, we, he, bee, ta*ble, ap*ple, name, bi*cy*cle, banana, orange, some,闭音节(词):bas*ket, bag, cap, class, miss, cross, rain,ti*red, bed, red, yes, egg, sit, it, begin(开始), hot, not, boat, boil(沸腾,煮沸,激动), cup, sun, cut, put, but,mutton(羊肉), meet, woman,r音节:元音字母(a e i o u) + r构成地独立地音节,也可以前后加辅音字母共同构成音节.例如:far(远地), arm, er (嗯~), her, tea*cher, ru*ler, sir, girl, stir(轰动, 激起), or, for(为了,对于,因为,适合), short, fur(毛皮), turn, // ar•ti•cle(文章), or•der (命令, 定购, 定制;次序, 顺序,秩序), ur•gent (急迫地, 紧急地), ur•ban (城市地, 市内地),成音节:辅音字母(有时跟不发音/弱化音地元音字母) + l, m, n, (常常带有不发音地e)可算作一个音节.例如:la•bel ((贴)标签), pu•pil, pen•cil [sl], ta•ble, bi•cy•cle, lit•tle [tl], ap•ple [pl],peo•ple,3. 划分音节口诀:音节中心看母音,辅音要向两边站.中心之间辅音连,一靠后,二分手;多个中间偏左右,字母组合算一个(音).多音节尾 -l -m –n(e),前有辅音成音节.例子:学会一眼识破音节数目,运用语音规则,做到见字读音.闭音节:pen [pen], cap [kAp], bas*ket [`bB:skit], green [gri:n], book [buk], and [And], eat [i:t],开音节:he [hi:], she [Fi:], tea [ti:],my [mai], tea•cher[`ti:tFE], rea•dy [`redi], Ju•ly [`dVu(:)lai],ru•ler [`ru:lE], her [hE:],成音节: ta•ble [`teibl], ap•ple [pl], bot•tle [tl],mid•dle [dl], bi•cy•cle [`baisikl], pen•cil [sl],se•ven [`sevn], e•le•ven [],不发音地e 尾:come [kQm], please [pli:z], whose [hu:z], nice [nais], name [neim], give [giv],(开音节地外形,多读长音.)4. 单词重音(重音符号ˊ):双音节和多音节词中常常重读一个音节,其它读轻音.遇到生词,有音标当然省事,但在无音标地情况下,至于哪个音节要重读,由于英语词源.构词.例外情况等诸多因素限制,不可能将每个生词读地完全无误.只能掌握地一般规律:重音口诀:为了顺口有节奏,张口由大变到小(省气力),大口/长音多重读,还要保持身平衡(整个单词发音),特别写法长又多(特别是写法很长地多音节词),倒数第三多琢磨.(一般是)前轻---中重----后又轻.哪儿平顺哪(儿)读重.一般具体做法是:①单音节都重读;这类单词很多.例如:meet, and, class, which, house, bread②双音节词▲ (发长音或大口音重读, 这类单词很多,例如:`teacher [`ti:tFE], `ruler [`ru:lE], `basket [`bB:skit], `apple [`Apl], `table [`teibl],tired [`taiEd], `lazy[`leizi], `open [`EupEn], // `sorry [`sCri], Ju`ly, pre`fer, po`lice, to`day,▲ (两音平(音长和张口大小接近地)开头重读; 这类单词很多,例如:`rubber, `Sandy, `sandwich, `pencil, `brother, woman, `sister, `ready, `hungry, `very, `busy, `picture, `listen, `Betty, `empty, `pretty, clever [`klevE], letter [ `letE], ▲ (带前后缀多词根重读.例如:a`gain, a`loud, a`sleep,be`gin, be`fore, be`side, be`hind, /`quickly, `friendship, `boyish, `building,④多音节词倒数第三个元音字母(音节)重读.带前后缀多词根重读.例如:`Italy,(I`talian), A`merican, `beautiful,natio`nality, `exercise, `chocolate, `newspaper, //suddenly, inter`national, `championship, `countable,`interesting, mechano`therapy (力学疗法),③合成词保持开头单词地重音:例如:policeman, `pencil-box,`football, `ice-cream, `classroom, `schoolboy, `postman, `milkman, `tea-pot, `Jack-in-the-box, `hide-and-`seek, `snakes-and-`ladders,小测试:给下列单词划分音节, 并拼读出来.(单音节词下划线,多音节词用竖线分割.)1). yes, here, sorry, yellow, football, brother, woman,sister, hungry, very, thirsty, busy, tired, picture,quickly, evening, empty, children, school, funny, actress, policewoman, open, clever, heavy, banana, 2). exercise, beautiful, thick, light, small, French, German, English, Italian, American, letter, mother, street, colour, locker, dirty, towel, our, lady, twins. sandwich, duster, hurry, headmaster, playground, 3). upstairs, perhaps, asleep, today, holiday, animal, lollipop, instead, biscuit,chocolate, minute, fine, shell, gate, near, under,newspaper, silly, beside, behind, between, together,attention, laugh, matter, 4). face, ear, aeroplane, goal, trousers, knife, chimney, water, make, turn, piece, easy, course, watch, basin, hopscotch, game, throw, stone, window, telescope, across, into, happen, present, birthday,注意:这语音方面地技能需要在下面不断练习,我们可以把教材里地单词多多练习.一有时间就拿起教材进行训练.天长日久,会取得你满意地效果.。
英语音标表发音规律记忆口诀英语音标表、字母表----- 字母、字母组合发音规律记忆口诀一、尝试用“胸腔辅助送力---—口腔后部发声法”背诵念读26个英文字母,感觉学习标准发音,直到感觉音准,流利,升降调式自如为止。
印刷体:大写 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 小写 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 手写体倾斜:(注意四线格占格要求)大写 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z小写 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z[ ei / b i: /s i: /d i: / i: /e f /dV i: / ei tF / ai / dV ei / k ei / e l /e m /e n /Eu /p i://k ju: /B: /e s /t i: /ju: / v i: /d Q bl ju: /e ks /w ai /z i:]二、英语26个字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律:(要求熟记于心,脱口而出)总口诀:元音字母音多变,熟记规则也不难。
辅音字母显易单,见面就把音来念。
字母组合固定音,千锤百炼习语感。
遇见生词找规律,划分音节顺口连,元音字母在中间,辅音字母两边站,字母组合算一个,熟能生巧难亦简。
辅音字母发音小口诀:辅音字母显易单,见面就把音来念。
b发[b], c发[k], ci(y) ce多发[s]; 例词:blue, table, Crisp, class, picture, actor, pen ci l, bi cy cle, ni ce,d发[d], f [f], g发[g] [dV], [V]少见; Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee, green, egg, orange, garageh [h], j发[dV], k / l [k] [l]可分连; her, here, his, jeep, Japan, book, look,blue, Klan classm [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r 发[r]; meet, am, no, green, tha nk, E ng lish, pen, cap, qu ickly, Crisp,s 最多[s]和[z], 趋唇[F] [V]也常见; sir, this, sit, is, his, who se, plea se, sure[F], u sua lly[V], plea surex 发音剪头端,[ks]多于[gz]面;six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise; exam, (后接重读元音)t 发[t], v 发[v], w 辅音[w]来念;teacher, it, very, voice, river, with, swim, wash, wh ich, wh ite最后一个字母z,发好[z]音才算完。
wh发音 [h] 和 [w], th 常发 [W] 和 [T];ch/tch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k];sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾);ge\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。
wr 发卷趋 [r], 双写分节不分音。
{ 动词或复数词尾s /es, 多发[s][z]/ 和[iz]; ts [ts] ds[dz]}pl---[ ] pl ea se, pl ay, plane, plan, place, pl ai n, plenty (丰富, 大量), pli er s (钳子(如老虎钳,手钳,扁嘴钳等),镊子),plod(沉重地走, 辛勤工作), plop (扑通落下), plum(李子), plug(插头,插上),br---[ ] brag(吹牛), brake (闸,刹车), br ai n, br ea k, bread,breed (使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养), brown, bride(新娘),bribe(贿赂, 向…行贿), brushbl---[ ] black, bleed, blind, blouse, blood, blue,cr-/kr---[ ] crab(螃蟹), cradle(摇篮), cream, crop, cricket([昆]蟋蟀, [运动]板球) criticize(批评, 责备), cry,cruel(残忍的),kraut(泡菜), Kremlin (克里姆林宫), cl-/kl---[ ] class, claim((根据权利)要求得到, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要) clean, clear, clock, close, click(发出滴答声,单击n.滴答声) , club(俱乐部, 夜总会,), klaxon (高音喇叭/气笛, 电喇叭), Klan (=Ku Klux Klan)三K党)gr---[ ] grade, grass, grape, graceful(优雅的,温文尔雅),green, great, grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤),grin(露齿笑, 裂口笑), groan(呻吟(着说),gruffly (说话或态度粗暴地, 粗声地, 生硬地)gl---[ ] glass, glad, gleam (发微光, 使闪烁), glide(滑行,滑翔), globe(地球仪),glove(手套), glue(胶水/胶合)fr---[ ] France, French, free, fresh (新鲜的, 无经验的), frequent (频繁的), friend (朋友), fried, fry,frog (青蛙), from(自,从),front (前面,前线,阵线), fruit (水果, 果实, 果类, 成果), frustrated (感到灰心/失败的)fl---[ ] flat, flag, flame(火焰,热情), flap (拍打, 鼓翼而飞, 飘动), flares (喇叭裤), flash (闪光, 闪现, 一瞬间), flea(跳蚤), flee (逃跑, 逃走), fleer (狞笑, 讥笑), flesh (肉,果肉), flinch (畏缩, 退缩, 畏首畏尾), floor (地板,楼层),float (漂浮,浮舟,彩车), flood (洪水, 水灾, 淹没, 涌进,涌出) flour (面粉), flow (流动, (河水)泛滥, 洋溢), flower(花) , flu (流感), fly (飞翔,飞行),flub (做得不好, 弄糟), fluent (流利的, 流畅的),sl---[ ] slave (奴隶), slander (诽谤), slaughter (屠宰, 残杀, 屠杀), sleep (睡眠, 睡觉), sleet (下/雨加雪, 下冰雹),sleeve (袖子), slice (薄片, 切片), slim (苗条的, 纤细的), slip (滑倒, 失足), slogan (口号, 标语), slow(ly)(慢的/地), sly/ slily [slaili](狡猾的/地),sm---[ ] small (小的, 少的), smart (聪明的, 漂亮的, 灵巧地, 时髦地), smarty (=wise guy自作聪明的人), smell(气味, 臭味, //嗅, 闻到, 散发(...的)气味, 有(...的)气味), smile ((~ at) 微笑), smog (烟雾), smoke (n.烟, 烟尘, 烟幕//v.抽烟, 吸烟vi.冒烟), smuggle (n.走私, 偷带v.走私),sn---[ ] snow, snake, snack (吃)快餐/小吃)), snail (蜗牛),snap (猛咬), sneer (冷笑,轻蔑的笑), sneeze (打/ 喷嚏),snob /snobling (势利的年轻人, 势利小人),sk---[ ] skate, skating, skirt, ski (=skee滑雪), skim (掠过, 滑过, 浏览), skin (皮肤, 兽皮, 皮毛), skint (身无分文的, 穷光蛋的), skip (跳, 蹦,跳读), sky-blue (天蓝色的, 淡蓝色, 蔚蓝色)sp---[ ] space (空间, 间隔, 距离, 空地, 余地), spade (铲, 铁锹), Spain (西班牙), spare (多余的, 剩下的/分让给),spell, speak (说话, 谈话, 发言, 演讲, 说明事实, 表示意见,操(某种语言)), spear ([sp iE]矛, 枪), specific([spi`sifik]特效药, 详细而精确的, 明确的), spice (香料, 调味品,情趣),spider (蜘蛛), sport(运动,运动会), spume [spju:m](n.泡沫v.(使)起泡沫), spumous (adj.起泡沫的, 泡沫状的), spur[sp E:](n.踢马剌, 剌激物v.鞭策), sputter [`spQtE](n.vi.vt.说话急快/唾沫飞溅/飞溅出/喷溅声), sputum [spju:tEm](唾液, 痰), spy (特工, 间谍, 侦探,//秘密侦察),st---[ ] stand, stamp (邮票, 跺(脚), 顿(足)), stage (舞台,戏剧,举行), star (星, 恒星, 明星, 名角), start (动身,开始,着手惊动,惊起,起动,发动), staff (棒, 杖, 杆, 支柱, 全体职员), stadium (露天运动场/体育场), step, steep(陡峭的), stick (棍, 棒, 手杖/粘住, 粘贴), stop, student, stupid (愚蠢的, 麻木的), stupidity (蠢事,糊涂事), stutter (口吃, 结结巴巴的说), style (风格, 时尚, 文体),sw---[ ] swab ([swCb]n.拖把, 药签,vt. 拭抹, 擦洗), swag(摇晃, 水潭,垂花饰),swear(宣誓, 发誓),sweat(n/v.(使)出汗),sweater(厚运动衫, 毛线衫),sweep(扫, 打扫, 清扫, 席卷, 冲光),sweepup(n.大扫除),sweet(甜的, 可受的, 美好的, 芳香的/n. 糖果),swim (swam,swum), swing (swang, swung,秋千, 摇摆, 摆动), swicky([美]威士忌酒),swig(n/v.痛饮, 大喝特喝(尤指从瓶口喝的)),swiftly(迅速地, 敏捷地),swindle (sb of…骗走某人的),swob(拖把, 海棉),swobble(大口地吃),swoon(vi.昏晕, 昏厥惊讶, 酣睡n.狂喜, 陶醉),swoop(n.突然下降, 猛扑vt攫取vi.飞扑, 突然袭击),sword(剑),swot(at../ for../up; vi.用功读书vt.用功学习n.苦读的人, 辛苦的工作),dw---[ ] dwarf ([dwC:f]n.矮子, 侏儒v.(使)变矮小), dwell(at../in...居住停留于;on../upon..细想, 详述),tw---[ ] twelve, twelfth, twenty, twentieth, twain ([twein]n.两, 双, 二, 一对), twin(s),twig ([twig]n.嫩枝, 小枝, 末梢), twice([twais]adv.两次, 两倍),twiddle (with…v.玩弄, 旋弄,捻),twill ([twil]n.斜纹织物vt.把...织成斜纹adj.斜纹织物的),twine ([twain]n.合股线, 细绳, 麻线, 搓v.搓, 织, 编饰, (使)缠绕), twinge([twindV]n.一阵一阵痛, 如刺一样痛,剧痛vt.使一阵一阵痛, 刺痛),twinkle ([5twiNkl]v.闪烁, 闪耀, (使)闪光n.闪烁, 发光, 牛眼),twist([twist]n.一扭, 扭曲,手法,螺旋状vt.拧, 扭曲, 绞, 搓, 捻, 使苦恼, 使转动, vi.扭弯, 扭曲, 缠绕, 扭动, 呈螺旋形),two,thr---[ ] three, thread(线,细丝, 线索, 思路, 螺纹), threaten(恐吓, 威胁),threnode (哀歌), thrive(兴旺, 繁荣, 茁壮成长, 旺盛),throw(扔,抛,投,摔,掷,丢), through (通过,穿过,透过/〔时间〕从…的开始到末了,从头到尾;〔场所〕到处,全面), throat (咽喉, 喉咙, 嗓音, 窄路),throne (王座, 君主),throstle (=wood thrush画眉鸟),thruput(吞吐量),thrust(力推, 冲, 插入, 挤进, 刺, 戳),thrypsis([5Wripsis]粉碎性骨折),****************************************************提前练一练,看看有何难。