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小学英语语法一、形容词与副词的定义形容词：我们把用来修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。
形容词主要描述人或者事物的性质、特征和状态。
1.形容词一般在句中作定语，放在名词或代词前面，都含有“……的”意思。
如：a nice watch 一只漂亮的手表 a blue car 一辆蓝色的小汽车2.形容词作表语（有些形容词只能作表语，放在系动词之后）These flowers are blue. 这些花是蓝色的。
副词：说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、等含义的词，我们称之为副词。
多用来修饰动词或整个句子。
They live happily. (happily快乐地，幸福地，修饰动词live)Exe. The turtle is _________. The turtle runs ___________. (slow)二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则大多数形容词、副词都有等级的变化，表示“比……更……”或“最……”。
形容词用来表示物的等级差别一般有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。
如：1.一般情况下，直接在原词后加-er，或加-est如：quick------quicker-------quickest slow------slower------slowest2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词，比较级在原词后加-r，最高级在原词后加-st如：nice------nicer------nicest large------larger------largestwhite------whiter------whitest safe------safer------safest3.以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词，变y为i, 再加-er或-est.如：heavy------heavier------heaviest easy------easier------easiestearly------earlier------ealiest happy------happier------happiest4.重读闭音节结尾的形容词或副词，要双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er或-est如：fat------fatter------fattest red------redder------reddestthin------thinner------thinnest wet------wetter------wettestbig------bigger------biggest hot------hotter------hottest5.部分双音节或多音节词要在原词前面加more或most.如：beautiful------more beautiful------most beautifuluseful------more useful------most usefuldelicious------more delicious------most deliciousdifferent------more different------most differentdifficult------more difficult------most difficultcarefully------more carefully------most carefully不规则变化：good/well------better------best bad------worse------worstmany/much------more------most little------less------leastfar------farther------farthest (指距离的远近)far------further------furthest （表示程度上更进步)old------older------oldest (表示年纪大)old------elder------eldest (表示长幼关系)三、形容词、副词比较级的用法表示两者间的比较用比较级。
形容词形容词的概述形容词用来描述、修饰名词或不定代词的词,表示人或物的性质、特征和状态,一般放在所修饰名词之前，若修饰不定代词则放在其后。
He is a clever boy。
他是个聪明的男孩.I want to tell you something important。
我想告诉你一些重要的事情。
有些形容词以—ly结尾，不能错当成副词brotherly 友爱的 deadly 致命的 friendly 友好的 likely 可能的 lovely 可爱的 weekly 每周一次的 yearly 每年一次的形容词比较等级的构成形容词有三个比较等级，即原级、比较级和最高级.形容词的比较级和最高级的用法1.形容词的原级as+形容词原级+as--—肯定形式，意为“……和……一样"My sister is as tall as me.我妹妹和我一样高。
not so+形容词原级+as--—否定形式，意为“……不如……”Your apple isn't sobig as mine.你的苹果不如我的大。
2.形容词的比较级形容词比较级+than，意为“比……更……”。
I am stronger than you。
我比你更强壮.3.形容词的最高级the+形容词最高级+比较范围, 意为“……最……”This book is the most interesting of all。
这本书是所有书中最有趣的.副词副词的概述副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句的词，用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式、动作等.副词修饰动词时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。
He runs fast.他跑的很快副词修饰形容词时,通常放在这个形容词前面。
She is pretty beautiful 。
她是相当漂亮的.副词修饰其他副词时,通常放在被修饰副词的前面。
He runs very fast 。
他跑的非常快. 副词比较等级的构成副词比较等级的规则变化表副词的比较等级的用法1。
人教版小学英语3至6年级全部副词本文档是对人教版小学英语3至6年级全部副词的总结和归纳。
三年级副词的定义副词是用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词语，可以用来表示时间、地点、方式、程度等词义。
副词的分类1. 时间副词：now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, etc.2. 地点副词：here, there, up, down, etc.3. 方式副词：slowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, etc.4. 程度副词：very, too, almost, etc.四年级副词的用法1. 用来修饰动词：He runs quickly.（他跑得很快。
）2. 用来修饰形容词：She is very beautiful.（她非常漂亮。
）3. 用来修饰其他副词：He speaks English very fluently.（他的英语讲得非常流利。
）副词的比较级和最高级1. 比较级：通常在形容词和副词前加 er 来表示，也可以在前面加 more。
如：fast - faster, more quickly; tall - taller, more tall.2. 最高级：通常在形容词和副词前加 est 来表示，也可以在前面加 most。
如：fast - fastest, most quickly; tall - tallest, most tall.五年级副词的位置1. 修饰动词时，通常放在动词后面。
如：He speaks English fluently.（他的英语讲得流利。
）2. 修饰形容词时，通常放在形容词前面。
如：She is extremely kind.（她非常友善。
）3. 修饰其他副词时，通常放在其他副词前面。
如：He speaks English very fluently.（他的英语讲得非常流利。
）副词的注意事项1. 不要把副词和形容词混淆。
小学英语：形容词、副词详解汇总篇（收藏）一形容词、副词的词形区别形容词=名词+y / ly / ous / ive / ful Eg：wind+y=windy；love+ly=lovely；danger+ous=dangerous；expense+ive=expensive；care+ful=careful副词=形容词+lyEg：careful+ly=carefully二形容词、副词用法区别记忆口诀：形名动副系形副形1、形名——形容词修饰名词Eg：a young girl2、动副——副词修饰动词Eg：run quickly3、系形——系动词后面跟形容词Eg：is lovely4、副形：副词修饰形容词Eg：very good三形容词如何的排序？有一个房间，有很多的修饰限定词，如何给它们排序？按照如下顺序：美丑-大小-形状-新旧-颜色-国籍-材质-用途记忆口诀：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房A beautiful small round old yellow French wooden study room四形副同形词有哪些？1、Well形容词性意思:身体好的副词性意思:好地2、Fast形容词性意思:快的副词性意思:快地3、Early形容词性意思:早的副词性意思:早早地4、Hard形容词性意思:难的，硬的副词性意思:勤奋地衍生词:Hardly 几乎不5、Late形容词性意思:晚的副词性意思:晚地衍生词:Lately 最近6、Near形容词性意思:近的副词性意思:近地衍生词:Nearly 几乎7、High形容词性意思:高的副词性意思:高地衍生词:Highly 高度地五比较级和最高级1.词的比较级和最高级变化规则2.比较级最高级类型（1）递增比较级构成：形/副+er+thanMore+形/副+than含义：比……更备注：More 不能与 er 同时用more 后面跟形/副原级（2）递减比较级构成： less+形/副+than含义：比……更不备注：Less 后面跟形/副原级（3）同级比较构成： as+形/副+as含义：和……一样备注：As...as 中间用原级（4）同级否定比较构成： Not as/so+形/副+as含义：不像……一样备注：As...as 中间用原级3.比较级最高级的标志词比较级：两者比较；than；最高级：三者比较，in/of+范围，one of;I have ever seen Eg：He is the tallest boy in our class/of all the students.It is the best car I have ever seen.比较级修饰：much,a lot,far,a little, evenEg: much bigger; far fatter4.比较级经典句型（1）越来越：比较级+and+比较级Eg：The world will become better and better.世界会变得越来越好。
1、常见形容词后缀1. 名词＋ysun—sunny阳光充足的wind—windy多风的fun—funny滑稽的fog—foggy有雾的rain—rainy多雨的2. 动词＋ableportable手提的，便携式的reliable a. 可信赖的，可依靠的unbearable无法接受的valuable贵重的fashionable时尚的；流行的3. 名词＋alnation—national国家的education—educational教育的nature—natural天然的addition—additional附加的Function--functional 实用的，功能的4. 名词＋enwood—wooden木制的gold—golden金色的5. 动词＋entdiffer—different不同的insist—insistent坚持的6. 名词＋ishfool—foolish愚蠢的self—selfish自私的boy—boyish顽皮可爱的child—childish孩子气的7. 动词＋iveact—active积极的impress—impressive印象深刻的8. 名词＋fulpower—powerful强有力的peace—peaceful和平的beauty—beautiful美丽的wonder—wonderful精彩的help—helpful有帮助的faith—faithful忠诚的shame—shameful可耻的thank—thankful感谢的9. 名词＋ous danger—dangerous危险的courage—courageous勇敢的fame—famous著名的envy—envious羡慕的；妒忌的10. 名词＋lyfriend—friendly友好的order—orderly有秩序的time—timely及时的month—monthly每月的year—yearly每年的day—daily每天的11. 动词＋ingdepressing令人沮丧的;convincing令人信服的exhausting令人筋疲力尽的amazing令人惊喜的disgusting令人厌恶的;12. 动词＋edannoyed生气的，烦恼的confused感到困惑的embarrassed感到尴尬的terrified感到害怕的inspired 卓越的；凭灵感创作的;13. 名词＋ousadventurous冒险的ambitious有雄心的；有抱负的continuous 持续的dangerous危险的mountainous多山的mysterious神秘的2.常见含比较级短语19例change for the better变得更好；change for the worse变得更糟；no better than并不比……好；worse still更糟糕的是；to make matters worse更糟糕的是；even worse更糟糕的是；what is worse更糟糕的是；go from bad to worse每况愈下,越来越糟；be worse off情况更差,更加贫困；more or less或多或少；all the more越发，更加；the more, the better越多越好；more than不仅仅；no more than仅仅，只有；not more than不超过，最多；what’s more而且；still less更不用说；sooner or later迟早It is better to be safe than sorry事后追悔不如事前稳妥。
形容词、副词的比较级和最高级一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下(1) 符合规则的：( 1)和冠词连用the ＋形容词原级＋v(复)，指一类人或物the ＋形容词比较级，指两者中“较…的”的那一个，eg. the younger of thea/ an ＋形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one.( a) ＋most＋形容词最高级“非常…”eg. a most beautiful city( 2 ) 相关结构a. 原级比较：肯定句as….as…., 否定句not so / as….as…..b.比较句：比较级＋than….或more (less) ….than…..The furniture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop.c.比较级＋and＋比较级或more and more＋比较级“越来越… ”richer and richer, more and more interestingd. The more….., the more…..“越…，越…”The more you look at the picture, the better you will like it.e. 比较级＋than any other ＋n. （单）（适用于范围一致时）(all) other ＋n.（复）any ＋n.(单) （适用于范围不一致时）He is taller than any other student / all other students in his class.any student in my class.f. 倍数表达法。
A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.The new building is four times the size (the height)of the old one.Asia is four times as large as Europe.Your school is three times bigger than ours.g. 最高级＋of/ in/ among….He is the tallest of the three/ among them/ in is class.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级专项练习（一）写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：long __ wide __ ___ fat _ ___ heavy _____ ____ slow _____ ____ few _____ ____ brightly ___ _____ important ___ _____ far ____ ______ quickly ____ ____ happy ___ ____ many ___ ____ interesting __ __good ___ ___(二)用所给词的正确形式填空：1. He ran ______ than all the others. He ran _______ of all. ( fast )2. James played as ______ as you. Mary played _______of all. ( well )3. She waited ________ than she usually did. ( long )4. I walked _______ than the rest. I walked _______ of all. ( far )5. My friend came ________ than Pual and Mike. ( late )6. Among the three boys he works ________. ( hard )7. Bob left school ______ in his class yesterday. ( late )8. He swims as ______ as I do. ( badly )9. Who did _______ in the 100-metre race, Jim or Tim? ( badly )10. Both Li Ming and Li Hong sang __________, but I sang _______ of all. ( badly )11. Peter is as _______ as Tom. Benny is _____ than Tom. David is ______ of all. ( fat )12. Li Li found _________ mushrooms than I did. ( many )13. The elephant is ________ than any other animals. ( big )14. Man is ________ than animals. ( much clever )15. Lesson Two is a bit ________ than Lesson One. ( easy )16. I’m _______ boy under the sun. ( happy )17. Today is ________ than yesterday. ( hot )18. An elephant is _______ than a tiger. It is _______ animal on land. ( big )19. Mr. Li is _______ than your uncle. ( thin )20. Which book is _________, yours or mine? ( thick )21. This park is much _______ than that one. ( beautiful )22. The first book is more useful than the second one.The second book is ______ than the first one. ( useful )23. Allan is _______ of the three boys. ( strong )24. His marks are _______ than his friend’s ( bad )25. It is _______ to do this maths problem than to do that one. ( easy )26. My house is ________ to the farm than yours. ( far )27. My work is more important than yours. Your work is ________ than mine. ( important )28. Climbing this hill is _________. Climbing that hill is ________. Climbing Mt. Everest is _______ of all. ( dangerous )29. Mt. Everest is _________ than the Mont-Blanc. ( high )30. My mother drives very carefully. She is a _________ driver than my father. ( careful ).31. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever).32. Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁).33. My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.34. John’s parents have four da ughters, and she is the _____ (young) child.35. The _____ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones.36. The short one is by far _______ expensive of the five.37. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother.38. Dick sings _____ (well), she sings ______(well) than John, but Mary sings______(well) in her class.39. She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house.40. This dress is ______ that.(twice, as…as…, expensive)(三)选择填空：1. He feels _____ today than yesterday. A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired2. Which do you like _____, coffee, tea or milk? A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst3. Of the two toys, the child chose_____.A. the expensive oneB. one most expensiveC. a least expensiveD. the most expensive of them4. The line is ____ than that one. A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer5. The earth is _____ the moon.A. as 49 times big asB. 49 times as bigger asC. 49 times as big asD.as big as 49 times6. The book is ____ of the two. A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest7. She looks _____ than she does. A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older8. The garden is becoming ______.A. more beautiful and moreB. more beautiful and beautifulC. more and more beautifulD. more beautiful and beautifuler9. They competed（比赛）to see who could work _____.A. the fastest and bestB. the faster and the betterC. fastest and betterD. faster and better10.______ hurry, _______speed. A. More, less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little11. This kind of coffee is different ______.A. and it is also betterB. and better than the otherC. but also than othersD. from the other, and better(四)翻译句子：1．本书跟那本书一样有趣。
形容词
形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。
它的位置通常放在被修饰的名词前，也可以放在be动词和look、feel、taste、sound、get之后。
在英语中，形容词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和最高级。
1、表示两者“等同”时用原级，结构为：as＋原级＋as，表示“xx和xx一样……”
e.g. Are you as tall as your twin sister?
其否定形式结构为：not＋as＋原级＋as，表示“xx和xxx不一样……”
e.g. I’m not as tall as you.
2、表示两者“比较”时用比较级，结构为：比较级＋than，表示“xx比xxx更……”
e.g. He’s one year younger than me.
形容词比较级的构成规则：
①一般在词尾加er
e.g. taller，longer，stronger，younger
②以字母e结尾，只加r
e.g. late－later，nice－nicer
③以辅音字母＋y结尾，变y为i，再加er
e.g. heavy－heavier
④双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er
e.g. fat－fatter，thin－thinner，big－bigger
⑤双音节和多音节词的比较级，在原级前加more
e.g. more beautiful，more careful
⑥不规则变化
e.g. good/well-better-best，many / much-more-most，bad / ill-worse-worst,
old-older/elder-oldest/eldest, little-less-least, far-farther/further-farthest/furthest，
late-later/latter-latest/last
两个重要特征：as……as中间一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。
3、三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较，用形容词最高级。
结构为：the + 形容词最高级＋in/of等表示范围的短语，表示“最……”。
e.g. Autumn is t he best season in New York.
She is the tallest girl of our three.
副词
#副词可以修饰形容词、动词、副词或整个句子，说明时间、程度、方式等概念。
例如：The book is very good.
He runs fast.
She came here quite early.
Certainly I will go with you.
#变化：
1．直接在形容词后加-ly,
careful-carefully, slow-slowly,
2．以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变I, 加-ly,
happy-happily, lucky-luckily
3．有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化
fast, hard, late
4．有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远：
near-nearly, high-highly, late-lately,
#副词的比较级变化规则与形容词比较级基本相同，以ly结尾的副词一般用more。
e.g. more carefully ，more quietly
形容词的意义和作用
形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。
通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1.直接说明事物性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语，表语和补语。
如：hot（热的）。
2.叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。
这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。
大多数以a-开头的形容词都属于这一类。
如：afraid（害怕的）。
He is a ill man.（错）
The man is ill.（对）
She is an afraid girl.（错）
The girl is afraid.（对）
这类词还有：well、unwell、faint、alike、alive、alone、asleep、awake等。
3.形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。
A young nurse
An old mechanic
A lazy housewife
A thin woman
但如果形容词修饰以-thing等为字尾的不定代词时，要放在这些词之后，如：something nice（很好的某样东西）。
