《美国文学史及作品选读》教学大纲汇编

《美国文学史及选读》理论教学大纲（供四年制本科英语专业使用）I前言《美国文学史及选读》课程是英语专业四年制本科高年级的一门专业必修课。

学生通过本课程的学习,在知识方面应对美国文学发展脉络有一个清晰系统地把握,内容主要涉及文学背景,文学思潮,文学流派,文学术语,主要作家作品等；在能力方面基本掌握文学欣赏的基本方法,为以后进一步深造或进行学术科学研究打下良好的基础。

为了适应我院学生的实际水平，更好地提高教学质量，现制订四年制英语专业《美国文学史及选读》课程教学大纲。

本大纲适用于四年制本科英语专业学生使用。

现将大纲使用中有关问题说明如下:一为了使教师和学生更好地掌握教材，大纲每一章节均由教学目的、教学要求和教学内容三部分组成。

教学目的注明教学目标，教学要求分掌握、熟悉和了解三个级别，教学内容与教学要求级别相对应，并统一标示(核心内容即知识点以下划实线，重点内容以下划虚线，一般内容不标示)便于学生重点学习。

二教师在保证大纲核心内容的前提下，可根据不同教学手段，讲授重点内容和介绍一般内容，有的内容可留给学生自学。

三总教学参考学时：36学时。

四教材：[1] 吴伟仁. 美国文学史及选读（1）. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2013年7月第1 版。

[2] 吴伟仁. 美国文学史及选读（2）. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2013年7月第1版。

II正文第一章殖民时期的文学一教学目的学习美国文学殖民地时期的社会及文化背景与新英格兰文学的状况。

学习清教主义思想及其对美国文学的深远影响。

同时结合注释，读懂所选作品并了解其思想内容和艺术特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。

二教学要求(一) 熟悉殖民地时期文学的特点。

(二) 掌握清教主义思想及其对美国文学的深远影响。

(三) 了解新英格兰文学。

三教学内容（一）殖民时期文学概述（二）清教主义思想（三）新英格兰文学第二章理性和革命时期的文学一教学目的学习理性和革命时期美国文学产生的社会及文化背景。

海南师范学院本科英语专业理论课教学大纲：美国文学课程编号：03101026 学时：36 学分：2一、课程的性质和任务《美国文学史及选读》是英语语言文学专业（本科）的一门专业知识必修课。

它简要介绍了美国文学从十七世纪殖民时期到二十世纪的发展历史及其主要作品。

本课程是英语专业的专业基础课，目标是：通过文学史的教学拓宽学生的知识面，提高学生的文学修养，使学生了解英美文学各个历史时期的文艺思潮、文学流派、主要作家和作品；通过美国文学作品的教学，提高学生对英文原著的理解能力、鉴赏能力，培养学生发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力；通过课外实践活动，激发学生的文学兴趣，培养学生的文学鉴赏和批评能力及论文写作能力二、相关课程的衔接本课程是为英语专业高年级学生开设的，学生必须具有良好的英语阅读和理解基本功方能顺利地学习该课程，与此同时，它与美国历史、文化、社会背景等关系密切，因此，学生先期完成英语听说读写等技能训练基本课程，相关衔接课程有《英国文学》，《英语国家概况》《跨文化交际》等课程。

三、教学的基本要求1．了解美国文学发展史上的重要时期和阶段，包括殖民地时期、独立战争时期、浪漫主义时代、南北战争时期和两次世界大战前后文学现象及特征。

2．了解各个重要发展阶段的代表作家及作品，熟知其内容、风格和艺术价值及其在世界文学史上的重要地位。

3．了解伴随美国文学各个阶段产生的文艺批评思潮，提高学生的文艺理论水平。

四、教学方法与重点、难点教学方法：教学方法以课堂讲授为主，辅以讨论，并要求学生在课外大量阅读参考书，撰写读书报告及评论课上充分利用网络资源及现代化教学手段，使学生能够积极主动地进行学习本课程的重点与难点相对来说是一致的从时段上来说，19世纪20年代以后的美国文学由于处于第二次繁荣时期，对于美国文学的历史走向曾发生了相当重要的影响，自然是本课程的重点而这一阶段的文学语言丰富、色彩各异，且与哲学、史学、艺术学等结合得比较紧密，所以这一时期的文学作品在语言上和思想上都具备一定的难度，是本课程的难点所在另外，后现代文学作品的出现也增加了学生阅读的难度，因此了解后现代作品的创作手法，写作动机也是本科的一个难点解决的办法主要是在专业基础课之外，定期安排专家讲学，题目多涉及与课程难度相关的内容，旨在拓宽学生的知识面，使学生对特定时期的美国文学有一个历史层面上的深刻把握，从而有助于理解作品的语言和思想另外，课程组加强“英美文化”的教学力度和课外阅读的范围，在教学框架中将文学和文化结合起来，使学生在浓厚的异域文化氛围中感受美国文学，从而对深化对文学作品的理解从流派上说，《美国文学》课程的重点和难点都集中在流派嬗变的历史规律、流派与流派之间的关系、各流派的形成背景、形成历史以及体制特点美国文学各流派的继承性从总体上来说表现得相当明显，但对具体的继承与创造的关系尚缺乏充分的整理和研究我们的解决办法是：在分阶段的文学史教学过程中，充分梳理各文学流派的历史，从中概括流派的特性和历史以及与其他流派的区别我们开设有多门分阶段文学史的课程，目的就是在目前“横”的文学史的基础上，加强“纵”的线索，使学生形成纵横兼备的知识体系。

《美国文学名著选读》教学大纲课程名称：《美国文学名著选读》英文名称：；History and Anthology of American Literature学分： 2学分总学时： 36学时适用专业：英语先修课程：《综合英语》（1,2,3,4册）一、课程性质、教学任务课程类别：专业通用课课程性质：通用选修课本课程的教学对象是高等学校英语专业（四年制）三年级学生。

他们已基本掌握和具备了英语语言文学的听、说、读、写、译的基本技能和基本的文学理论和文学常识。

在此条件下，引导学生发掘文学史演变的规律和文学与其它学科的内在联系。

传授英美国文学的基础知识，发掘美国文学演变的基本规律，树立正确阅读美国文学方式方法。

通过系统、全面的讲授和剖析，训练学生正确阅读和思考、鉴赏的能力，培养学生运用事实检验理论的才能，养成分析问题、解决问题的良好方法，为学生打下扎实、牢固的美国文学史基础。

二、课程教学目的通过本课程学习，培养学生以下专业素质：1.主要作家、作品及主要作品中的主要人物；2.主要文学流派，文学思潮及经典选文；3.主要文学术语；4.经典选段的分析。

通过本课程学习，培养学生以下非专业素质：1.求真务实的作风；2.开拓创新的精神；3.严谨科学的求学观；4.健康向上的人生观。

三、课程教学内容与要求1.殖民时代和独立战争时期Benjamin Franklin2.浪漫主义文学时期1) Washington Irving2) Edgar Allan Poe3) Walt Whitman4) Ralph Emerson5) Henry David Thoreau6) Nathaniel Hawthorne３.现实主义作家1) Mark Twain2) Henry James4.美国自然主义作家1) Jack London2) Theodore Dreiser5.二十世纪二十年代的美国作家1) Ernest Hemingway2) F· Scott Fitzgerald3) Imagism· Ezra Pound4) Robert Frost5) William Faulkner四、教学重点与难点六、实验、实训等实践教学要求本环节主要引导学生将学到的知识与社会生活进行密切融合，并关注与本课内容相关的社会问题等。

《美国文学作品选读》课程教学大纲、课程信息二、课程目标通过本课程的学习，学生应达成以下目标：1.运用所掌握的英语技能学习了解具体作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色和所属流派。

2.运用习得的学科技能理解代表作家的经典作品，并能分析评价作品的主题思想，人物形象，篇章结构、语言特点、修辞手法、文体风格，从而提高文学作品阅读鉴赏力。

3.掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法，对重要的文学术语有相当的了解并能在文学批评中加以运用。

4.了解西方文学及文化，提高对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性，培养对作品的洞察批判能力，从而丰富提升学生人文素养。

5.形成正确的人生观、世界观和价值观及较强的批判思维能力。

课程目标对毕业要求的支撑关系表三、教学内容与预期学习成效四、成绩评定及考核方式[1]陶洁.《美国文学选读》（第三版）.北京：高等教育出版社，2011.1.主要参考书[1]常耀信.《美国文学简史》（第三版）南开大学出版社，2008.[2]刘海平、王守仁.《新编美国文学史》：上海外语教育出版社，2002.[3]隋刚.《美国文学旧作新读》.北京：外文出版社，1998.[4]常耀信.《漫话英美文学》.天津：南开大学出版社，2004.[5]杨金才.《新编美国文学史》（第三卷）.上海外语教育出版社，2000.[6]童明.《美国文学史》.南京：译林出版社，2002.[7]董衡巽.《美国文学史》.北京：人民文学出版社，1986.[8]杨岂深，龙文佩.《美国文学选读》.上海：译文出版社，1985.[9]钱青等.《美国文学名著精选》，（上，下）.商务印书馆，1995.[10]姜涛.《美国诗歌赏析》.北京：新华出版社，2006.[11]蒋洪新.《英美诗歌选读》.长沙：湖南师范大学出版社，2004.[12]吴伟仁.《美国文学史及选读》，（一、二册）（第一版）.北京：外语教育与研究出版社，1998.[13]程爱民.《美国文学阅读教程》.南京：南京师范大学出版社，1999.[14]庞好农、陈许.《新编英美文学概论》.汕头：汕头大学出版社，2001.[15]常耀信.《美国文学选读》.天津：南开大学出版社，1991.[16]李正栓、李翠婷.《美国文学学习指南》.清华大学出版社，1998.[17]胡荫桐、刘树森.《美国文学教程》.天津：南开大学出版社，1995.。

《美国文学》教学大纲American Literature课程编号：12601030学时：４０学分：2·5课程性质:必修选课对象：外语系英语专业内容概要：介绍美国文学的来龙去脉，讲解美国文学史上富有影响力的文学流派，具有代表性的作家及作品。

建议选用教材：Tao，Jie·[陶洁]·(2005）·Selected Readings in American Literature·[美国文学选读]·北京：高等教育出版社·主要参考书目：Chang，Yaoxin·[常耀信]·(1997）·A Survey of American Literature［美国文学简史]·天津：南开大学出版社·Liu,Haiping·,＆ Wang，Shouren·［刘海平、王守仁］·（2002）·Literary History of the United States·[新编美国文学史］·上海:上海外语教育出版社·Rubistein,Annette T·[鲁宾斯坦,A·T]·（1997)·American Literature Rootand Flower: Significant Poets, Novelists ＆ Dramatists· [美国文学源流]·北京：外语教学与研究出版社·Wu,Weiren·[吴伟仁]·(2003）·History and Anthology of English Literature·[美国文学及选读］·北京：外语教学与研究出版社·《美国文学》教学大纲学时：40 学分：2·5一、课程的目的及任务本课程是英语专业高年级学生提高英语语言水平和文化素质的重要课程。

《美国文学选读》课程教学大纲课程名称：美国文学选读课程类别：专业选修课适用专业：英语考核方式：考查总学时、学分：32学时,2 学分其中实验学时：0 学时一、课程教学目的《美国文学选读》是英语语言文学专业本科四年级学生的选修课程，是为培养理解和鉴赏美国文学原著的能力而设置的一门专业理论课程。

设置本课程旨在使学生在掌握美国文学源流和发展的基础之上，通过阅读具有代表性的美国文学作品，理解作品的内容，学会分析作品的艺术特色并努力掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法，增强对作品中表现的社会生活和人物感情的理解，提高语言基本功和阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平。

二、课程教学要求本课程要求学生了解美国文学各个时期的代表性人物和其代表性作品。

熟悉构成不同文学体裁的基本要素,基本把握不同作家,不同流派的风格和文体特点。

对所学篇章的思想内容,文化内涵有较为深入的了解；能够识别作品中运用的各种文学修饰手段。

在主要提高阅读能力的同时,争取口头表达能力也有较大提高,特别是能用明白,准确的英语就熟悉和感兴趣的主题表达自己的观点和意见。

三、先修课程综合英语，英语阅读，英语国家概况四、课程教学重、难点1.教学重点：美国殖民地时期、理性与革命时期和浪漫主义时期的历史背景，文学流派，主要思想、主要作家作品及文学表现手法。

2.教学难点：美国殖民地时期、理性与革命时期和浪漫主义时期文学产生的历史、文化背景，文学创造的基本特征，基本主张，及其对同时代和后期美国文学的影响。

主要作家的文学创作生涯，人生观及价值观及其代表作品的主题思想、人物刻画、语言风格。

五、课程教学方法与教学手段课堂讲授和研讨相结合，教师布置学生课前对作家生平和历史背景进行研究，并向学生提供参考书目和相关网站；课堂上进行重点阅读和分析；组织课堂讨论，鼓励新视角和新思维；并通过影视、多媒体等手段辅助教学，在期中和期末布置学期论文和考查来检验教学效果。

六、课程教学内容第1章：Introduction（2课时）1．教学内容美国文学自殖民时期至第二次世界大战之后的发展纲要及作家网络。

《美国文学（一）（二）》教学大纲张立新编写英语专业课程教学大纲514 目录前言 (515)一、概述 (515)二、课程教学目的和基本要求 (515)三、课程主要内容及学时分配 (515)Unit One: Early American and Colonial Period to 1776 (518)Unit Two: Democratic Origins and Revolutionary Writers, 1776-1820 (522)Unit Three: The Romantic Period, 1820-1860: Essayists and Poets (524)Unit Four: The Romantic Period, 1820-1860: Fiction (526)Unit Five : The Rise of Realism: 1860-1914 (527)Unit Six: Modernism and Experimentation: 1914-1945 (529)Unit Seven :American Poetry Since 1945: The Anti-Tradition (532)Unit Eight :American Prose Since 1945: Realism and Experimentation (534)Unit Nine: Southern Literature (539)Unit Ten: African American Literature (540)Unit Eleven: Jewish American Literature (541)四、Reference Books (541)美国文学（一）（二）前言一、概述美国是世界上最年轻的国家之一。

在其短暂的历史上，涌现出无数有着深远影响的作家、文学运动或文学派别。

美国文坛，流派众多。

美国文学在短短时间内取得如此重大的成绩，成为学者关注的焦点和引人注目的问题。

美国文学史及作品选读提纲第一部分：The Literature of Colonial American考核知识点：a. The first distinctly America literatureb. The first American writer and his first workc. Kinds of literary writings in this periodd. The dominant influence of the Puritan values on the early American writingse. The most important poets in this period: Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor考核要求：1．一般识记：The beginnings of American national history and literary history2．识记：Kinds of literary writings in this period；the important writers, literary works and their main ideas3 领会：The dominant influence of the Puritan values on the early American writings第二部分:The Literature of Reason and Revolution考核知识点：a. The historical background about American Revolutionb. The general feature of the 18th-century American literaturec. The most important poet in this period: Philip Freneau考核要求：1．一般识记：The historical background about American Revolution；the life and literary creation of Philip Freneau2识记：The general feature of the 18th-century American literature; the most important poet in this period: Philip Freneau3. 领会：The influence of English literature on American writers4. 应用：The subject matter, themes and poetic style of Philip Freneau’s poetry;第三部分：The literature of Romanticism考核知识点：a. The importance of Washington Irving’s literary creation;b. The general characteristics shared by the Romantic writers;c. The influence of the Transcendentalist Movement on American literature;d. The principal literary forms of this periode. The permanent convention of American literature考核要求：1. 一般识记：historical background of this period; life and literary creation of important writers in this period2. 识记：The importance of Washington Irving’s literary creation; the general characteristics shared by the Romantic writers; the principal literary forms of this period;3. 领会：The influence of the Transcendentalist Movement on American literature; the permanent convention of American literature4. 应用：The subject matter and themes of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow; the characterization and narrative skill displayed in the The Last of the Mohicans; the subject matter, charaterization and symbolic method of The Scarlet Letter and Moby Dick第四部分：The Literature of Realism考核知识点：a. The influence of the westward expansion of American territory on American literature;b. The important women writers and their works in this period;c. The philosophy and method adopted by American realistic writers;d. Mark Twain’s contribution to American literature;e. The characteristic features of the American naturalists;f. The representative writers of American realism:g. The representative writers of American naturalism;h. The most important writers in this period:a) Walt Whitman and his free verse;b) Emily Dickinson and the characteristic features of her poetry;c) Mark Twain and the subject matter and humorous style of his works;考核要求：1.一般识记：The life and literary career of the important writers2.识记：The definition of realism and naturalism; the historical background; important works of the time and their main ideas3.领会：The significance and influence of American realism and American naturalism; the characteristic features of important writers and their works; the characteristics of free verse;4.应用：The subject matter, themes and style of Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself”; the theme and poetic imagery of Emily Dickinson’s poetry; the themes and humorous style of The Adventure of Tom Sawyer; the subject matter, themes and characterization of Sister Carrie第五部分：The Twentieth-Century Literature考核知识点：a. The historical background of the early 20th centuryb. The variety of avant-garde doctrines and literary schools emerging in early 20th centuryc. The leading writers of the modernist literature: Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot;d. Henry James and his masterpieces;e. Robert Frost and the characteristics of his poetry;f. The writers of “the lost generation” in the 1920s and their great achievements;g. Ernest Hemingway;h. The thriving of American drama in the 1920s and the representative dramatist of the time;i. The Harlem Renaissance in 1920s;j. The characteristic feature of the artists and writers in the Great Depression of the 1930s;k. John Steinbeck and his important works考核要求：1.一般识记：The historical background of the early 20th century ; the life and literary career of the important writers and their literary contributions2.识记: The variety of avant-garde doctrines and literary schools emerging in early 20th century; the great achievements of the writers of “the lost generation”; the Harlem Renaissance in 1920s; the thriving of American drama in the 1920s and the representative dramatist of the time; the important works and their main ideas; the characteristic feature of the artists and writers in the Great Depression of the 1930s;3.领会：The charateristic features of the modernist literature; the characteristic features of the writers of “the lost generation” in the 1920s; the most important writers of the time and their characteristic features; the themes, styles, techniques and significance or influence of the representative works in this period4.应用：The subject matter, themes and style of Robert Frost’s poetry;the themes and technique of T. S. Eliot’s poetry; the themes, characterization and style of Hemingway’s masterpiece For Whom the Bell Tolls。

人文知识–美国文学部分美国文学主要分为五个时期The Literature in Colonial PeriodThe Literature Around the Revolution of Independence American RomanticismAmerican RealismAmerican ModernismEarly Colonial Literature. 1607-1700The Literature of Colonial AmericaPuritan Thoughts: (The Mayflower voyage 1620) “Puritans”, named after those who wished to “purify”the church of England.The First American Writer: Captain John SmithAnne Bradstreet: (1612-1672)One of the most important figures in the history of American Literature.She is considered by many to be the first American poet.Her first collection of poems –The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America –The first book written by a woman to be published in the United States.Edward T aylor (1642-1729)?The best of the Puritan poetsTHE EIGHTEENTH CENTURYThe literature of Reason And RevolutionThe Age of Reason in AmericaThe Age of EnlightenmentThe 18th-century American Enlightenment was a movement marked by an emphasis on rationality rather than tradition, scientific inquiry instead of unquestioning religious dogma, and representative government in place of monarchy. Enlightenment thinkers and writers were devoted to the ideals of justice, liberty, and equality as the natural rights of man.Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)America's "first great man of letters,"He embodied the Enlightenment ideal of humane rationality. He was the first great self-made man in America.Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanac, begun in 1732 andpublished for many years, made Franklin prosperous and well-known throughout the colonies."God helps them that help themselves." "Early to Bed, and early to rise, makes a Man healthy, wealthy, and wise." "One To-day is worth two tomorrow."The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is an inspiring account of a poor boy’s rise to wealth and fame and the fulfillment of the American dream.It is a book on the art of self-improvement.Thomas Paine (1737-1809)Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense (Jan. 10, 1776) sold over 100,000 copies in the first three months of its publication.Common Sense is often regarded as the greatest of the Revolutionary pamphlet.The American Crisis (1776-1783)Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)The Declaration of IndependencePOET OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONPhilip Freneau (1752-1832)“Poet of the American Revolution”“Father of American Poetry”Among his best lyrics are “The Wild Honey Suckle” (1786) on morality and “The India Burying Ground” (1788) on the imagined afterlife.He became one of the most outstanding representatives of dawning nationalism in American literature.Noah Webster（1758-1843）1786: the independence of politics as well as literature Samuel Johnson - first combine an English dictionary, last neoclassicist enlightenerA Dictionary of the English LanguageThe literature of Romanticism 美国文学的第一次繁荣Washington Irving (1789-1859)Father of American literatureThe central figure in the American literary world between 1809 and the Civil War, esp. after the publication of his Sketch Book.The first prose stylist of American Romanticism –a very good example of an American romantic.He wrote for pleasure and to produce pleasure.He was the first American man of letters to support himselfas a professional writer.He was the first American author to win international recognition, and was extreme popular in Europe.The Sketch Book of Geoffrye Crayon (Irving‘s pseudonym) contains his two best remembered stories, “Rip Van Winkle （瑞普-凡-温克尔）" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow."James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)Cooper was the first important writer to be critical of the United Sates.The first successful American novelistHe stands rather as the originator of the novel of adventure in American literature, and is frequently termed "the American Scott.“The Leather-Stocking T alesthe Deerslayer(1841)the Last of the Mohicans(1826),the Pathfinder(1840),the Pioneers(1823)The Prairie(1823)The Leather-Stocking T ales is the life of Natty Bumppo. Natty Bumppo, Cooper's renowned literary character, embodies his vision of the frontiersman as a gentleman, a Jeffersonian "natural aristocrat."The essential American soul – D. H. LawrenceThe first American hero of this type.Natty is the first famous frontiersman in American literature and the literary forerunner of countless cowboy and backwoods heroes.William Cullen Bryantfirst of our American classic poetsOne of America’s earliest naturalist poetsThe American WordsworthHe writes the poem "Thanatopsis" in 1811."To a Waterfowl." The vagueness and religious ambiguities of the poem were the major themes.Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)The Fall of the House of UsherThe RavenAnnabel LeeTo HellenThe Purloined Letter《被窃的信件》The first literary critic – The Philosophy of Composition The Poetic PrincipleGothic styleFather of Detective novelsThemes 1. death –predominant theme in Poe’s writing “Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.” 2. disintegration (separation) of life 3. horrorRalph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)The towering figure of his era, had a religious sense of mission.He was one of the greatest essayists in the country. Nature (1836) has been called “the manifesto of American transcendentalism”“The American Scholar” (1837) has been called “America’s Declaration of Intellectual Independence”Self-RelianceHenry David Thoreau (1817-1862)Thoreau's masterpiece, Walden, or Life in the Woods (1854),is the result of two years, two months, and two days (from 1845 to 1847) he spent living in a cabin he built at Walden Pond on property owned by Emerson.Walden is a spiritual book. It’s seen as a classic of American prose, a book of essays put together, exploring subjects concerned with Nature, with the meaning of life, and with morality.Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)Many of Hawthorne's stories are set in Puritan New England. Gothic novelsHis greatest novel, The Scarlet Letter (1850), has become the classic portrayal of Puritan America.Hawthorne's reputation rests on his other novels and tales as well. In The House of the Seven Gables (1851), he again returns to New England's history."My Kinsman, Major Molineux“"Young Goodman Brown"Herman Melville (1819-1891)Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, Melville's masterpiece, is the epic story of the whaling ship Pequod and its "ungodly, god-like man," Captain Ahab, whose obsessive quest forthe white whale Moby-Dick leads the ship and its men to destruction.Moby-Dick has been called a "natural epic" -- a magnificent dramatization of the human spirit set in primitive nature Billy BuddHenry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)The most important Boston Brahmin（婆罗门）poets were Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and James Russell Lowell.Longfellow, professor of modern languages at Harvard, was the best-known American poet of his day.He was the only American poet to be honored by having his bust placed in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey. He wrote three long narrative poems popularizing native legends in European meters"Evangeline" (1847),"The Song of Hiawatha" (1855), -- the first American epic in blank verse about the American Indians"The Courtship of Miles Standish" (1858).Walt Whitman (1819-1892)His Leaves of Grass (1855), which he rewrote and revised throughout his life, contains "Song of Myself," the most stunningly original poem ever written by an American. Leaves of Grass is as vast, energetic, and natural as the American continent; it was the epic generations of American critics had been calling for, although they did not recognize it."O Captain! My Captain!"I hear America Singing“free verse”(1) no fixed rhyme or scheme (2) parallelism, a rhythm of thought (3) phonetic recurrence (4) the habit of using snapshots (5) the use of a certain pronoun “I”(6) sentences –catalogue technique: long list of names, long poem linesEmily Dickinson (1830-1886)"nun of Amherst"Because I Can’t Stop for DeathI Heard a Fly Buzz – When I diedTheme: friendship, love and marriage, life and deathstyle (1) poems without titles (2) severe economy of expression (3) directness, brevity (4) musical deviceto create cadence (rhythm) (5) capital letters –emphasis (6) short poems, mainly two stanzas (7) rhetoric techniques: personification –make some of abstract ideas vividHarriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly was the most popular American book of the 19th century.Reasons for the success of Uncle Tom's Cabin are obvious. It reflected the idea that slavery in the United States, the nation that purportedly embodied democracy and equality for all, was an injustice of colossal proportions.The literature of Realism(1865-1918)The Civil War – The First World WarLocal ColoristsNew England:Sarah Orne Jewett (1849-1909)South:Joel Chandler Harris (1848 -1908)Kate Chopin(1851-1904) – The AwakeningWest frontiers: Bret Harte - The Luck of Roaring Camp Realists1. ThemeHowells – middle class //James – upper class //Twain – lower class2. TechniqueHowells – smiling/genteel realism //James – psychological realism //Twain – local colorism and colloquialismWilliam Dean Howells (1837-1920)Dean of American Realismoptimistic realismInterpreting sympathetically the “common feelings of commonplace people”was best suited as a technique to express the spirit of America.The Rise of Silas LaphamHenry James (1843-1916)Novel of manners 世态小说Psychological analysis, forefather of stream ofconsciousnessPsychological realismDaisy MillerThe Portrait of a Lady’sThe Wings of the DoveThe Golden BowlSAMUEL CLEMENS (MARK TWAIN) (1835-1910)Ernest Hemingway's famous statement that all of American literature comes from one great book, Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, indicates this author's towering place in the tradition.Twain was the first major author to come from the interior of the country, and he captured its distinctive, humorous slang and iconoclasm.The most well-known example is Huck Finn, a poor boy who decides to follow the voice of his conscience and help a Negro slave escape to freedom, even though Huck thinks this means that he will be damned to hell for breaking the law.Twain's masterpiece, which appeared in 1884, is set in the Mississippi River village of St. Petersburg.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnThe Adventures of Tom SawyerLife on the MississippiThe Innocents AbroadThe Prince and the PauperNaturalistsStephen CraneJack LondonFrank NorrisTheodore DreiserUpton Sinclair –muckrakers 黑幕揭发者The Jungle –Chicago 屠场Stephen Crane (1871-1900)Crane's Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893) is one of the bestThe Red Badge of CourageJack London (1876-1916)Other of his best-sellers, including The Call of the Wild (1903) and The Sea-Wolf (1904) made him the highest paid writer in the United States of his time.The autobiographical novel Martin Eden (1909) depicts the inner stresses of the American dream as London experienced them during his meteoric rise from obscure poverty to wealth and fame.Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945)Sister CarrieThe 1925 work An American Tragedy by Theodore Dreiser explores the dangers of the American dream. – the greatest novel in AmericaAn American Tragedy is a reflection of the dissatisfaction, envy, and despair that afflicted many poor and working people in America's competitive, success-driven society. The Literature of Modernism(1918 – 1945)a flowering period of American literature.the second renaissance of American literature.The Roaring Twenties/Dollar Decade/Jazz AgeThe Great DepressionWorld War IIChicago PoetsCarl Sandburg (1879-1967)American SongbagChicago PoemsThe People, YesHart Crane(1899-1932) – The BridgeImagistsEzra Pound (1885-1972)-- father of modern American poetry.The CantosAmy LowellWilliam Carlos Williams (1883-1963)Red Wheelbarrow红色手推车Wallace StevensNew England PoetsRobert Frost (1874-1938)A Boy’s Wish；North of Boston (Mending Wall,After Apple-picking); Mountain Interval（成熟阶段）(The Road Not taken); Edward Arlington RobinsonMiniver Cheevy -- comicRichard Cory – tragicO. Henry (William Sydney Porter) (1862-1910)O. HENRY O. Henry is the pen name of William Sydney Porter.The master of the surprise endingwas a prolific American short-story writerwrote about the life of ordinary people in New York City.A twist of plot, which turns on an ironic or coincidental circumstance, is typical of O. Henry's stories.The Gift of the MagiWilla Cather (1873-1947)Alexander's BridgeMy AntoniaO Pioneers!The Professor's HouseThe Song of the LarkBackground Information about the period between the two world warsMany historians have characterized the period between the two world wars as the United States' traumatic "coming of age"Despite outward gaiety, modernity, and unparalleledmaterial prosperity, young Americans of the 1920s were "the lost generation" -- so named by literary portraitist Gertrude Stein.F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940),His first novel, This Side of Paradise (1920), became a best- sellerFitzgerald's secure place in American literature rests primarily on his novel The Great Gatsby (1925), a brilliantly written, economically structured story about the American dream of the self-made man. The protagonist, the mysterious Jay Gatsby, discovers the devastating cost of success in terms of personal fulfillment and love.Tender Is the Night (1934)Tales of the Jazz Age (1922)All the Sad Young Men (1926).Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)Hemingway is arguably the most popular American novelist of this century.Like Fitzgerald, Hemingway became a spokesperson for his generation -- the "lost generation" of cynical survivors. The Sun Also Rises, about the demoralized life ofexpatriates after World War I; -- brought him fameA Farewell to Arms, about the tragic love affair of an American soldier and an English nurse during the war; For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), set during the Spanish Civil WarThe Old Man and the Sea (1952), a short poetic novel about a poor, old fisherman who heroically catches a huge fish devoured by sharks, won him the Pulitzer Prize in 1953; the next year he received the Nobel Prize.code heroes -- grace under pressure"iceberg principle"William Faulkner (1897-1962)The Sound and the FuryAs I Lay Dying"A Rose for Emily"Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941)Winesburg, Ohio"The Triumph of the Egg"southern women writers：Katherine Anne Porter，Eudora Welty，Flannery O’Connor.John Steinbeck (1902-1968)He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1963 and the international fame it confers.His best known work is the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath (1939), which follows the travails of a poor Oklahoma family that loses its farm during the Depression and travels to California to seek work. Family members suffer conditions of feudal oppression by rich landowners. Of Mice and Men (1937), and East of Eden (1952).Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951)Main StreetBabbittEugene O'Neill (1888-1953)Beyond the HorizonLong Day's Journey Into NightMourning Becomes ElectraThe Iceman ComethDesire Under the ElmsThe Hairy ApeTennessee Williams (1911-1983)The Glass MenagerieA Streetcar Named DesireCat on a Hot Tin RoofArthur Miller (1915- )All My SonsDeath of a SalesmanThe CrucibleEdward Albee a. Zoo Story b. Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Black Humor -- Joseph Heller (1923- )Catch-22根据第二十二条军规，既然是疯子就可以获准免于飞行，但必须由本人提出申请；不过，第二十二条军规同时又规定，凡能意识到飞行有危险而提出免飞申请的，属头脑清醒者，应继续执行飞行任务。

《美国文学史及作品选读》课程教学大纲课程编码：30613010 学分： 4 总学时：68说明【课程性质】《美国文学史及作品选读》是全日制大学本科教育英语专业高年级开设的专业必修课。

【教学目的】了解美国文学的发展和成就，掌握文学理论和文学批评的基本知识和方法，提高理解、鉴赏英美文学原著的能力和人文素质。

【教学任务】以美国文学史为线索，介绍各个时期代表作家、作品，及其创作思想、主题、题材和风格，使学生对美国文学形成与发展的全貌有大致的了解，能够将文学作品与特定的历史时期相联系，掌握正确评价、分析文学作品的基本知识和方法，培养和提高其阅读能力、语言能力及文学鉴赏能力。

【教学内容】文学基础知识介绍，殖民时期的美国文学，启蒙主义时期的美国文学，浪漫主义时期的美国文学，现实主义时期的文学【教学原则和方法】教学原则：以主要作家与作品研究分析为主,以文学史学习为辅；教授文学知识与提高鉴赏能力相结合教学方法：以课堂讲授为主，适当组织课堂讨论，鼓励学生充分利用课外资源进行探索性、研究性学习。

【先修课程要求】美国文学史及作品选读课是英语专业的必修课, 是在完成了精读、泛读、写作等基本技能训练后开设的，旨在加强学生对文学的理解,增强对文学的感性认识,培养文学素养,提高文学鉴赏能力。

【教材与主要参考书】教材：吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》外语教学与研究出版社，1990年。

参考书：吴定柏《美国文学大纲》上海外语教育出版社, 1905年。

常耀信《美国文学简史》南开大学出版社, 1990年。

胡荫桐《美国文学教程》南开大学出版社, 2001年。

大纲内容第一部分文学基础知识介绍【教学目的和要求】教学目的：了解文学的基本知识教学要求：掌握文学的基本要素【内容提要】第一节文学的定义及研究对象第二节文学的基本要素第三节学习文学的目的和方法第四节美国文学历史简介【教学重点与难点问题】教学重点：文学的基本概念和要素及其区别和联系教学难点：美国文学的形成及发展【复习思考题】1．什么是文学？2．文学的基本分类和要素有哪些？3．美国文学主要分为哪几个发展阶段？第二部分殖民地时期的文学【教学目的和要求】教学目的：介绍殖民地时期的社会及文化背景与新英格兰文学的状况教学要求：理解清教主义思想及其对美国文学的深远影响【内容提要】第一节美国殖民地时期概述一、北美拓殖的开始二、美国清教主义思想三、美国清教主义思想对早期美国文学的影响第二节殖民地时期的代表作家及作品一、安妮•布雷兹特里特（Anne Bradstreet）二、爱德华•泰勒（Edward Taylor）【教学重点与难点问题】教学重点：殖民地时期新英格兰文学的特点教学难点：清教主义思想【复习思考题】殖民时期新英格兰文学的主要特点是什么？第三部分理性和革命时期的文学【教学目的和要求】教学目的：介绍理性和革命时期美国文学产生的社会及文化背景教学要求：掌握理性和革命时期美国文学的形式、特点、代表作家及作品【内容提要】第一节历史背景介绍第二节启蒙运动及其对美国文学的影响第三节理性和革命时期的文学家及代表作品：一、本杰明•富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）二、托马斯•潘恩(Thomas Paine)三、托马斯•杰弗逊（Thomas Jefferson）四、菲利普•弗瑞诺(Philip Freneau)【教学重点与难点问题】教学重点：理性和革命时期美国文学的主要特征教学难点：本杰明·富兰克林作品反映的思想意识及精神风貌【复习思考题】1．理性和革命时期美国文学主要特征是什么？2．启蒙运动对美国文学有怎样的影响？3．简述富兰克林《自传》的思想内容和文体特征。