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高中英语虚拟语气详解及练习（含答案）虚拟语气第一节语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。
不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。
第二节虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
第三节虚拟语气在条件句中１．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．２．在条件句中，可省略if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．If you had come earlier, you would have met him.第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用一、虚拟语气在主语从句中A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形（should可以省略）例如：It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial（关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible （可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital （极为重要的）等。
虚拟语气虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood），又称假设语气，是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反，在现实中并不存在，或实现的可能性很小。
一、动词的语气语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
英语中的语气(mood)有三种，分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
1.陈述语气陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问，主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。
Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗？How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊！2.祈使语气祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。
Come this way, please! 请这边走。
Don't make any noise, will you 别吵，行吗？Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。
3.虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。
May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！二、条件句中的虚拟语气英语中条件从句有两类，一类是真实条件句，另一类是非真实条件句。
如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句；如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
A．真实条件句真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。
虚拟语气一、考点聚焦1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。
如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。
如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
虚拟语气：1.I ___ the party much more if there hadn't been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying解析：答案应该是C。
因为if 从句是had +过去分词，是过去情况的虚拟条件句，主句应该用would have +过去分词。
2. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she tinks that if she ___a job, she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.A. has to getB. were to getC. had gotD. could have got解析：if后面的句子是虚拟语气，根据句意，Jean现在不想工作，如果她有了工作，就不能经常见到她的朋友了，从句是表示对将来事实的假设，所以应该用表示将来的虚拟形式：were to do sth/should do/did。
3. _______ , he would not have recovered so quickly.A. Hadn't he been taken good care ofB. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of解析：虚拟条件句if可以省略，但从句的语序要用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语的前面形成倒装，但否定词not 不前移4.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _________ our chairman now.A. must have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. would be解析：混合型的虚拟语气，主句和从句时间不一致；这时，主句和从句动词要根据各自所表示的时间进行调整。
5. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ______ on the way.A. goes wrongB. would go wrongC. went wrongD. should go wrong解析：在lest, for fear that, in case, so that引导的副词从句中，谓语多用“should+动词原型”，should可以省略，意为“以防，生怕，唯恐”6.We could ______ him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.A. provideB. have providedC. not provideD. not have provided 解析：前一分句一般表示过去没有完成的某个动作，是对过去情况的假设，谓语动词多用could/would have done形式；而后一分句是客观事实，可以根据情况使用一般过去时，过去完成时，或现在完成时。
7.Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ______ your advice.A. followB. had followedC. would followD. have followed解析：假设现在，if only 用一般过去；假设过去，had +动词过去分词或could have+过去分词；假设将来，would+动词原型；8.That tree looked as if it _____ for a long time.A. hasn't wateredB. didn't waterC.hadn't been wateredD. wasn't watered解析：as though，as if 引导的虚拟语气假设现在，一般过去；假设过去，had+v-ed; 假设将来，would/should+动词原型9.But for his courage, the battle ______ .A. was lostB. will be lostC. would loseD. would have been lost 解析：but for 多出现在句首，后面句子中的谓语动词可以是would/could+动词原型，也可以是would/could have+动词过去分词。
10.The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I ____ here 50 minutes sooner.A. would beB. should beC. had beenD. would have been11.A safety analysis _____ the target as potential danger. Unfortuately, it was never done.A. would identifyB. will identifyC. would have identifiedD. will have identified解析：“一次安全隐患分析本来会确认这个目标是潜在的危险。
不幸的是，这样的分析从未做过。
”这是对过去时间的虚拟，表示过去要做而没有做的事。
因而答案选 C. would have identified11.One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ____ to its burning temperature.A. is heatedB. be heatedC. will be heatedD. would be heated解析：require that +（should）do：要求……，其中should可以省略。
再加上被动语态，所以应该是be heated.12.If you have really been studying English for so long, it's about time you _____ to write letters in English.A. should beB. wereC. must beD. are解析：It is （high/about）time +that 从句，从句的谓语需用一般过去式或should +动词原形（should不可省略）13.That was not the first time he ______ us. I think it's high time we ______ strong actions against him.A. betrayed, takeB. had betrayed, tookC. has betrayed, tookD. has betrayed, take解析：this / that was the 序数词time + 句子（谓语动词是过去完成时），第一空应填had betrayed；It is （high/about）time +that 从句，从句的谓语需用一般过去式或should +动词原形（should不可省略）Exercises1. It is essential that the application forms _____ back before the deadline.A. must be sentB. would be sentC. be sentD. were sent解析：主语从句，It was essential that +虚拟语气（should do，should可以省略）2. If the earth ____ spinning, we would all fly off it.A. had stoppedB. stoppedC. has stoppedD. would stop解析：主句would+动词原型表示对现在的虚拟，从句用过去式。
3. ____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Not beingB. Had it not beenC. Without beingD. Not having been解析：虚拟条件句if可以省略，但从句的语序要用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语的前面形成倒装，但否定词not 不前移4. To be frank, I'd rather you _____ in the case.A. will not be involvedB. not involvedC. not to be involvedD. were not involved解析：固定搭配，would rather sb. did...5. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we ______ him.A. would have telephonedB. must have telephonedC. would telephoneD. had telephoned6. _____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A. Had they arrivedB. Would they arriveC. Were they arrivingD. Were they to arrive解析：虚拟条件句if可以省略，但从句的语序要用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语的前面形成倒装，但否定词not 不前移。
而且从句表示对将来的虚拟，因此用Were to.7. If only the committee _____ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.A. approveB. will approveC. can approveD. would approve解析：if only ：对过去虚拟，用完成时态。
