2013物流管理第一次作业

经济管理系物流管理专业实训（实习）日志实训（实习）名称物流管理实训实训（实习）地点教XXX实训（实习）时间2013.6.17——2013.6.28 姓名Xxx班级Xxx学号Xxxxxxx指导教师XXX物流管理教研室制2013年6月实训（实习）日志No.1今天，我们就要开始我们的物流管理实训了。

老师给我们做了一次动员，在会上老师详细介绍了五六实训的重要意义及作用，首先让我们队试训有了一定的重视性；随后老师讲解了物理实训的目的，通过物流实训我们可以对物流行业发展现状惊醒初步了解，培养实际研究能力，尝试检验所学知识，并从实验中进一步学习物流的内涵与外延。

借此，老师还讲到了物流实训的基本用具，其中有铅笔、计算器、计算机、物流实训沙盘等，我们将在老师的带领下，圆满的完成全部实训内容，将自己所学的物流知识与实训相结合，从实验中进一步学习物流知识，丰富自己的物流知识体系，讲课本知识与实际联系在一起，把知识运用在实践中，学以致用、学有所用。

在实验开始前，老师对各班同学进行了详细的分组，确保各同学都能积极地参与遇到实验中来，通过自身感受了解物流活动的真正内涵和意义，这次动员大会彻底调动了大家对物流实训的期待和积极性，在接下来的物流实训中，我们将以饱满的姿态学习和努力。

实训（实习）日志No.2今天晚上，在尚老师的带领下我们做了第一次物流实训，这使我知道了物流的魅力，在物流中，你可以根据行业规则用不够的资金做一些超出你应有资金的物流项目。

首先，我理解了重货和轻泡货的含义，重货为密度大于1t/1.1328m3的货物，轻泡货则为小于这个密度的货物，而且在物流公司的业务中，主要是重货的代理托运，偶尔有一些轻泡货的业务。

今天来时给出的是某企业有60万的资金和一些散货的运费、托运费、线路需求的数据，让我们根据这些数据做出这一季度的业务，使得盈利最多。

开始我们没有完全理解这个代理托运的内涵，因此我们做了一个不是很明智的决断，使60万的资金只发挥了57万的作用，在实验结束后，老师对我们各组的数据进行统计汇总并行我们通报了各组成绩和物流代理托运的内容，为我们讲解了我们的疑惑，从这次实验中我学到了很多知识，也看到了自己的不足，在以后的学习中我会多动脑筋，多思多想，做一个明智的学生。

2013物流管理第一次作业物流管理》第一次作业第一章 物流管理概论 一、单选题1. 现代物流的概念源于 ( B )。

A. 第一次世界大战期间 B.第二次世界 大战期间C. 二十世纪七十年代D.二十世纪九 十年代 2. 现代物流管理的首要目标是 ( C ) 。

A. 降低成本B. 提高作业效 率C. 满足顾客需要D. 取得利润3. 商流与物流的关系 ( B ) 。

因 A. 相互独立，毫无关系 成C.物流是商流的先导 4. 通过物流理论的研究， ( C ) 。

A. 经济原因和管理原因B. 关系密切， 相辅相 D. 商物不分离物流概念产生的原因是 B. 企业原因和军事原C. 经济原因和军事原因D. 理论原因和企业原因5. 现代物流与传统储运的最本质区别是( D ) 。

A. 要素集成化B. 反应迅速化C. 信息电子化D. 组织网络化6. 物流合理化的要求是( D ) 。

A.通过高成本实现高水平服务B. 通过低水平服务节省成本.C. 以尽可能低的总成本达到既定的服务水平D. 以最低的成本实现最高水平的服务7. 物流结点上所不能完成的物流功能是 ( D )。

A.仓储B.运输C.装卸D.流通加工8. 在企业物流中，物流按其所处生产经营环节的不同，可分为( A )A. 供应物流、生产物流、销售物流、回收物流及 废弃物流B. 区域物流、国内物流和国际物流C. 微观物流和宏观物流D. 企业物流和社会物流9. 下 列 对 于 物 流 的 有 关 说 法 ， 错 误 的 是( B )A.物流的对象应该包括“人”个产业C.物流过程需要一体化 10. 以 下 关 于 物 流 产 业 的 说 法 错 误 的 是 ( A )A. 物流产业是单一行业B. 物流产业是基础产 业C. 物流产业是服务业D. 物流产业是综合性 产业二、名词解释11. 现代物流 现代物流( modern times Logistics )指的是将 信息、运输、仓储、库存、装卸搬运以及包装等 物流活动综合起来的一种新型的集成式管B. 物流业不是一D. 物流包含储理，其任务是尽可能降低物流的总成本，为顾客提供最好的服务。

物流管理信息系统第一次作业
内容：绘制开发客户管理的业务流程及说明绘制供应商准入管理的业务流程及说明
绘制物料准入管理的业务流程及说明
组长：李元辉（1107053203）组员：张伟涛（1107053201）
李朋飞（1107053202）
孙聪聪（1107053206）时间：贰零壹贰年拾月拾壹日
资料收集：李朋飞前期策划：孙聪聪后期审核：张伟涛最终汇报：李元辉
供应商准入管理的业务流程及说明
步骤：①开始寻找供应商②查询供应商资源
③确定有无需要供应商④如果没有继续寻找
⑤如果有则询问价格，进行对比⑥确定部分潜在供应商
⑦对所有潜在供应商进行市场调查，高层审议对市场调查反
映好的进行审议。

⑧最终确定最终供应商
步骤：①清点仓库，库存不足以满足生产申请采购，联系供应商
②采购申请批准，通知供应商发货
③供应商接到通知发货
④接货后进行检验，合格物料入库，不合格物料退回供应商
处并让供应商补齐相同数量的合格品
⑤再次检查库存是否满足生产需求，满足分类存放，不满足
再次申请采购
⑥根据生产需求物料出库
步骤：①寻找客户
②确定潜力客户
③获取潜力客户信息进行筛选
④确立将拜访客户
⑤拜访客户，成功成为客户，失败继续获取更多该客
户信息再次拜访，直至成为客户
⑥对客户按可获得利润多少、风险大小以及可信任程
度进行秘密分类
⑦接受客户的正确意见不断完善，以便寻找更多的客
户。

二、主观题(共13道小题)5. 名词解释装卸活性滚上滚下答：装卸活性：货物的存放状态对装卸搬运作用的方便或难易程度。

滚上滚下：利用叉车或半挂车、汽车承载货物，连同车辆一起开上船，到达目的地后再从船上开下。

6.改善搬运作业的途径有哪些?答：搬运对象、搬运距离、搬运空间、搬运时间、搬运手段。

7.如何进行合理化搬运？答：提高机械化水平、减少无效作业、提高装卸活性、利用重力和减少附加重量、保持物理的均衡顺畅、集装单元化原则、系统效率最大化、物流系统原则。

8. 识别下列装卸搬运设备，并简述其应用场合。

答：↑转盘式传送带——多用于机场↑龙门起重机——多用于货运码头、仓库等↑堆垛起重机——用货叉或串杆攫取、搬运和堆垛或从高层货架上存取单元货物（见单元化运输）的专用起重机。

它是一种仓储设备（见物料搬运机械），分为桥式堆垛起重机和巷道式堆垛起重机（又称巷道式起重机）两种。

↑堆高车——对成件托盘货物进行装卸堆高堆垛↑滚筒输送机——应用于自动化总装生产线的输送设备9. 名词解释1、现代物流答：原材料、产成品从起点到终点及相关信息有效流动的全过程。

它将运输、仓储、装卸、加工整理、配送、信息等方面有机结合，形成完整的供应链，为用户提供多功能、一体化的综合性服务。

2、微观物流答：企业生产经营活动中的物流活动。

10.现代物流有哪些功能?答：包装、装卸搬运、运输、储存保管、流通加工、配送、物流信息11.物流的几种分类？答：分别按照作用、空间范围和性质进行分类。

12.物流发展过程中出现哪些著名的物流观点或物流学说？答：第三利润源泉、效益背反学说、成本中心学说、利润中心学说、服务中心学说、战略学说等。

13.影响现代物流管理发展的因素有哪些?答：市场影响的发展、顾客中心理念的建立、石油危机及经济危机、运输业管制的放松、经济全球化、计算机技术、通讯网络技术、新型管理理念及新技术、外包及第三方物流的发展。

14. 案例分析Best Foods公司Best Foods是位于美国费城的大型食品公司。

企业物流管理平时作业一一、名词解释1、物流2、企业物流战略3、快速反应4、自动补货二、判断改错1、按物流系统性质分类，物流可分为机构物流和企业物流。

（）2、供应物流是为生产企业提供原材料、零部件或其他物品时，物品在提供者与生产者之间的实体流动。

（）3、企业物流习惯上被分为三段：采购物流、生产物流和流通物流。

（）4、根据决策内容的特点，企业战略可分划分为三个层次：公司级战略、部门级战略、营销级战略。

（）5、现代企业物流发展战略管理的过程一般包括环境分析、战略设计与选择、制定政策、指导战略实施四个阶段。

（）三、单项选择1、（）是企业物流的终点，同时又是宏观物流的始点。

A 供应物流B 生产物流C 销售物流D 回收物流2、（）物流本身不拥有商品，而是通过签订合作协定或结成合作联盟，在特定的时间段内按照特定的价格向客户提供个性化的物流代理服务。

A 生产企业B 仓储企业C 第三方D 零售企业3、按照物流企业活动的主体进行分类，物流可分为（）、专业子公司物流和第三方物流。

A批发企业物流B 配送企业物流C 零售企业物流D企业自营物流4、制定新产品的物流支持计划时，在产品生命周期中的（）阶段，要有高度的产品可得性和物流的灵活性。

A 新产品引入B成长C 饱和成熟D完全衰退5、（）是组织物流系统运行的基础物质条件。

A物流设施B 物流装备C 物流工具D 信息技术及网络四、简答1、企业物流的概念是什么？2、企业物流的特点有什么？3、实现企业物流发展战略的基本途径是什么？4、什么是企业物流的合理化战略？企业物流管理作业二一、名词解释1、第三方物流2、战略联盟3、供应物流4、供应物流管理二、判断改错1、无论是第三方物流服务的需求方还是供应方，服务的主要内容比较集中于传统意义上的运输服务和仓储服务。

（）2、第四方物流可定义为综合供应链解决方案的郑和和作业的实施者（）3、通常情况下，企业生产的产品产量越大，产品的品种则越少，生产专业化程度也越高，而物流过程的稳定性和重复性也就越大。

物流管理作业（Chapter1-3）Chapter1：1.Why can the current movement toward establishing supply chains becharacterized as a revolution?Because the current movement toward establishing supply chains has reshaped contemporary strategic thinking.Two massive shifts, supply chain revolution and a related logistical renaissance, in expectation and practice concerning the performance of business operations are highly interrelated but they are significantly different aspects of contemporary strategic thinking.pare the concept of a modern supply chain with more traditional distributionchannels. Be specific regarding similarities and differences.Traditional distribution channels typically had an order fulfillment time of 15-30 days. But if something went wrong, this time would increase dramatically. It was a common practice to maintain inventory at every stage of the supply chain like retailers, wholesalers, and manufacturers. The market was characterized by scarcity to the primary goal of traditional model was to ensure availability of products. However, today customers want more options in product offerings. Modern supply chain is geared towards meeting the changing consumer needs. Transportation capacity and operational performance has become more reliable and economical. Logistical systems are capable of capable of delivering products at exact times. So customer orders can be fulfilled faster. With massive development in information technology, the need to maintain inventory has reduced dramatically. The occurrence of failures, characteristic of traditional supply chain, has been replaced by a commitment towards zero-defect of six sigma performance. In essence a high level of performance is achieved at a lower total cost with commitment of fewer financial resources than that in the past.3.What specific role does logistics play in supply chain operations?Logistics is the primary conduit of product and service flow within a supply chain arrangement. It is the work required to move and to position inventory throughout a supply chain. It is a combination of order management, inventory, transportation, warehousing, material handling and packaging as integrated throughout a facility network. Logistics is essential for effective supply chain connectivity.4.Describe “integrative management”. Be specific concerning the relationship betweenfunctionality and process.The challenge to achieving integrated management results from the long-standing tradition of performing and measuring work on a functional basis. Since the industrial revolution, achieving best practice has focused managerial attention on functional specialization. The prevailing beliefwas the better the performance of a specific function, the greater the efficiency of the overall process.The fundamental challenge of integrated management is to redirect traditional emphasis on functionality in an effort to focus on process achievement. Integrative process management seeks to identify and achieve lowest total cost by capturing trade-offs that exist between functions. The focus of integrated management is lowest total process cost, which is not necessarily the achievement of the lowest cost for each function included in the process.5.In terms of enterprise extension, describe the importance of the information sharing andprocess specialization paradigms.The information sharing paradigm is the widespread belief that achieving a high degree of cooperative behavior requires that supply chain participants voluntarily share operating information and jointly plan strategies. The guiding principle is that information sharing is essential among supply chain participants to collectively do the things customers demand faster and more efficiently.The process specialization paradigm is commitment to focusing collaborative arrangements on planning joint operations with a goal of eliminating nonproductive or non-value-adding redundancy by firms in a supply chain. The basic idea is to design the overall supply chain processes in a manner that identifies a specific firm’s competencies along with the responsibility and accountability to perform each element of essential work in a manner that maximizes overall results.Importance: Sharing information and joint planning can reduce risk related to inventory positioning. Collaboration can eliminate duplicative or redundant work, such as repetitive quality inspection, by designating and empowering a specified member of the supply chain to be fully responsible and accountable. Such extended enterprise integration introduces new challenges regarding measurement, benefit and risk sharing, trust, leadership, and conflict resolution.6.Describe and illustrate an integrated service provider. How does the concept ofintegrated service provider differ from traditional service providers, such as for-hire transportation and warehousing?Integrated Service Providers (ISP) also known as third-party logistics providers provide a range of logistics services that includes all work necessary to service customers. With the regulatory changes in the transportation the traditional logistics services providers started offering warehousing and shared transportation services. Therefore the ISPs initiated the radical shift from single function to multifunction outsourcing. Their services include order entry to product delivery and in certain situations they also provide wide range of value-added services. For example United Parcel Services (UPS) stocks Nike shoes and warm-ups at its Louisville warehouse and processes orders hourly. All the related communication and financial administration are handled by an UPS call center in San Antonio. Therefore UPS handles the basic logistics and value-added services for Nike.In contrast the traditional service providers, such as for-hire transportation andwarehousing specialize in specific functions. For instance, the for-hire transportation industry consists of carriers who specialize in moving products between geographic locations. The companies offering warehouse services are traditionally called public warehouses and they provide storage supplemented by specialized services.pare and contrast anticipatory and response-based business models. Whyhas responsiveness become popular in supply chain collaborations?Anticipatory and response-based business models are the two ways used by firms to fulfill customer requirements. However the fundamental difference in the two models is timingAnticipatory model has been the traditional business practice, which was mainly forecast driven. Since information about purchasing behavior was not readily available, and the channel partners were loosely collaborating, businesses were driven by forecasts. However the forecasts used by the manufacturers, wholesales, distributors, and retailers were often different that led to a lot of excess inventory in the system. All the work was performed in anticipation of future projections, so the likelihood of misgauging customer requirements was very high. In addition each firm in the chain duplicated the anticipatory process.Response-based model aims to reduce or eliminate forecast reliance by joint planning and rapid exchange of information between supply chain partners. This model has been made possible because managers can now obtain and share accurate sales information faster. Consequently customers can be provided with their desired items faster. This model requires fewer steps and therefore less cost to complete a fulfillment process compared to the anticipatory model. Response-based model is similar to a build to order model however the former has a faster response time and allows higher degree of customization.Responsiveness propelled by information technology development has become the cornerstone of today’s supply chain collaboration. Higher responsiveness can not only increase the level of customer satisfaction but can also reduce the overall cost of doing that.pare and contrast manufacturing and geographic postponement.Manufacturing and geographic postponement are strategies and practices that reduces the anticipatory risks of supply chain performance. The factors favoring one pr the other form depends on the volume, value, competitive initiatives desired customer service levels. Manufacturing or form postponement aims at manufacturing the products one order at a time with no preparatory work or component procurement until the customer specifications are fully known and customer commitment is received. The goal of this postponement strategy is to maintain products in a neutral or non-committed status as long as possible. In an ideal situation a standard or base product is manufactured in large quantities to obtain economy of scale while deferring the finalization until the customer commitment. In this scenario, economy of scope is introduced by producing the base product to accommodate a wide range of different customers. An example of manufacturing postponement is observed in mixing paint color at retail stores to accommodate the individual customer’s request. This strategy not only reduces the risks of logistics malfunction but also increases the use of light manufacturing and final assembly at logistical facilitiesOn the other hand, Geographical or logistical postponement focuses on response acceleration. This strategy aims to build and stock a full-line inventory at one or more strategic locations. Forward deployment of inventory is postponed until the customer order is received. In an ideal situation this postponement strategy eliminates the risk of anticipatory risk of inventory deployment while retaining manufacturing economy scale. An example of geographical postponement is the Sears Store Delivery System. The logistics of the appliances is not initiated till the customer order is received. An appliance purchased on Monday can be installed at customer’s home as early as Wednesday. And there is a possibility that the product is not manufactured until that night or early Tuesday.In a number of supply chains both types of postponement strategies are combined to create a highly responsive strategy.9.Define and illustrate cash-to-cash conversion, dwell-time minimization and cashspin. How does supply chain strategy and structure impact each?Cash-to-cash conversion is the time required to convert raw material or inventory purchases into sales revenue. It is directly related to inventory turn. Its benefits are realized by reducing and sharing risk and inventory investment. In traditional business the benefits were enjoyed at the expense of business partners. For example, terms of 2% net 10 meant that a prompt payment discount could be earned if the invoice is paid within ten days from the time of delivery. In a response based system these benefits can be shared by managing the inventory transfer velocity across the supply chain. To facilitate such arrangements supply chain partners often use dead net pricing, which factors discounts and allowances in the selling price. Therefore incentives of timely payment are replaced by performance commitments at a specified net price. Managing supply chain logistics as a continuous synchronized process also serves to reduce dwell time.Dwell time is the ratio of the time that an asset sits idle to the time required to satisfy its designated supply chain mission. As an example dwell time would represent the ratio of the time inventory is in store to the time it is moving or contributing to achieve supply chain objectives. Dwell time can be reduced if the supply chain partners are willing to eliminate duplicate work. Therefore each firm could be designated to perform and be accountable for the value-added work in order to reduce the overall dwell.Cash spin basically refers to free cash spin. This concept aims to reduce the overall assets committed to the supply chain performance. Therefore capital invested on inventory or warehouse can be made available for redeployment by revising the supply chain arrangement. Free capital can be reinvested in other projects that would have otherwise not been considered.10.Discuss and support the following argument: "Supply chain arrangements mayreduce consumer value."A somewhat more abstract but often cited potential downside of supply chain management could be labeled the dark side of collaboration. The argument is that the public does not benefit across the board from supply chain efficiency.Supply chain criticism comes in two parts.First, the line of reasoning is that operating efficiency does not automatically translate to or guarantee lower consumer prices. Firms that collaborate may individually or collectively make larger profits and thereby generate large shareholder wealth. However, no mechanisms exist to guarantee that efficiencies will be passed on to consumers in the form of lower retail prices. In fact, the supporting logic is that as supply chains.The second criticism of supply chain arrangements builds on the premise that operating efficiency may not always be socially equitable. The argument questions the benefits of more precise matching of supply to demand in terms of the overall reduction in surplus goods.Chapter2：1.Illustrate a common trade-off that occurs between the work areas of logistics.Any illustration that demonstrates an inherent trade-off between information, inventory, transportation, warehousing, material handling or packaging is acceptable. The following are a few examples of such trade-offs:Information is increasingly being used as a substitute for inventory. For instance, a warehouse manager that is in constant contact with a supplier of his/her stocks need not hold traditional, high levels of inventory. By being “connected”, the supplier realizes when the warehouse is in need of product and can make accommodations of product processing and shipping accordingly. Improved, faster means of transportation also prevent manufacturers and merchandisers from holding high levels of inventory.Poor packaging can lead to product damage in transit. Management should either improve packaging or seek a transportation mode that is more stable and less damage-inducing. Regardless, greater costs will be incurred upfront – though they are likely to be offset with reduced costs of product recollection and rework.2.Discuss and elaborate the following statement: "The selection of a superiorlocation network can create substantial competitive advantage."The statement “The selection of Superior location network can create substantial competitive advantage” holds true with regard to logistical networks. The network design implies customer service and cost considerations. Added value (and perhaps a competitive advantage) may be derived from the “intimacy” of being located near customers. Networks that strive for the highest levels of effectiveness (superior service performance) often do so at significantly higher expense. Networks may also be designed for efficient product flows in order to lower transportation and inventory holding costs. Depending upon the competitive environment in which a firm operates, competitive advantage may result from either being located near the customers to provide superior service or through low cost service with the cost-efficient network design.3.Why are customer-accommodation operations typically more erratic thanmanufacturing support and procurement operations?Market or physical distribution operations are typically more erratic because they are initiated by the customer, whose behavior cannot be controlled by the firm. Manufacturing and procurement operations, on the other hand, are initiated by the firm and considered to be within the firm’s span of control. However, better communications between the logistics organization and customers can reduce the uncertainty and erratic nature of market-distribution operations.4.How has transportation cost, as a percentage of total logistics cost, trackedsince 1980The transportation costs as a percentage of total logistics costs in US has increased over the last 20 years. In 1980, the percentage was approximately 47 percent and this has increased to over 63 percent in 2004. Therefore transportation represents a significant portion of the overall logistics cost.5.Describe the logistics value proposition. Be specific regarding specificcustomer accommodation and cost.Logistical value proposition is a cost framework that aims to match of operating competency and commitment to meet the individual of selected groups of customers’ expectations and requirements. A well-designed logistical network must have high customer response with low operational variance and minimum inventory commitment. However the combinations will be different for different groups. Well designed and operated logistical system can help firms to achieve competitive advantage.6.Describe the fundamental similarities and differences between procurement,manufacturing support and customer-accommodation performance cycles as they relate to logistical control.Procurement performance cycles consist of the many activities that maintain the flow of materials, parts, or finished goods into a manufacturing or distribution facility. The scope of procurement activities is limited. Although similar to the customer order processing cycle, shipments are generally larger and cycles often require much more time. Maintaining raw materials inventory is sometimes less expensive relative to finished goods, since time of delivery and material security is often less sensitive into facility than out to the customer. Another difference is that the number of suppliers of a firm is generally less than the number of customers, making the procurement cycle more direct.Manufacturing support performance cycles serve as the logistics of production. These functions maintain orderly and economic flow of materials and work-in-process inventory to support production schedules. The goal is to support manufacturing requirements in the most efficient manner. These are internal cycles to the firm, thus they are rarely affected by behavioral uncertainty.Customer-accommodation performance cycles are those associated with processing and delivering customer orders. They link the customers through timely and economical product availability. Physical distribution integrates marketing and manufacturing efforts. To improve the effectiveness of the distribution system, forecast accuracy must improve toreduce uncertainty. In addition to the value of sound forecasting methods, the firm must emphasize flexibility and responsiveness to deal with the uncertainty of customers in the physical distribution cycle.pare and contrast a performance cycle node and a link. Give anexample of each.Nodes are facility locations. Forms of communications and transportation represent links between the nodes. Most logistical work takes place at nodes whereas links represent the interface among locations. Nodes represent network facilities where materials are processed and base inventories and safety stocks are maintained. Inventory that is in between nodes is called “in transit”.8.How does the "quest for quality" affect logistical operations? Does the concept oftotal quality have relevancy when applied to logistics?Though logistical service quality is often in the eye of the beholder – that is, the definition of quality varies among suppliers and customers, it is possible to pursue a quest for quality. The quest requires logistics organizations to identify the service qualities that customers most highly value. Upon identifying these key dimensions of service, it is up to the firm to flawlessly execute those functions that add value. Ultimately, customers may demand “perfect order” performance, a level of service that requires suppliers to meet expectations without error.The ideals of total quality – namely, doing things right the first time, does find relevance in logistics. It is far better in terms of customer service and low cost to provide customers with desired service on the first effort. Customers more highly value suppliers that meet their promises, delivering product on time, in proper quantities, and without damage. Costs are reduced in the process as fewer products are recollected and reworked. These costs of service or product failure can be eliminated if processes are corrected, ensuring that the problem is not a recurring one. Over time, customers tend to rely on those suppliers that provide sound service time and again.9.Discuss uncertainty as it relates to the overall logistical performance cycle.Discuss and illustrate how performance cycle variance can be controlled.One of the major objectives of logistical management is to reduce the uncertainty in performance cycles. Since the performance cycles are made up of many activities, each with its own volatility or variance, variance over the entire cycle can significantly impede the logistics organization’s efficiency and effectiveness.To control variance, the firm must conform expected cycle time to actual cycle time. If cycle time is less than expected, the delivered product becomes inventory to be stored. If the cycle time is longer than expected, then the firm must rely on safety stocks to satisfy customer demand. In either case there are costs associated with variance. The ides is to eliminate variance by equating actual cycle time to the expected cycle time. This may require adjustments in product flows into or out of the organization.10.What is the logic of designing echeloned logistical structures? Can echeloned anddirect structures be combined?The echeloned logistical structure is built on the logic of stocking some level of inventory or performing specific activities at consecutive levels of supply chain. This structure utilizes warehouses to create inventory assortments and achieve consolidation economies associated with large volume transportation shipments. The inventory is position to meet the customers’ requirements faster. Typical echelon systems use either break bulk or consolidation warehouses. However the service commitment and order size economies determine the most desirable and economical structure to service the specific customer. So many supply chains use a combination of echeloned and direct structures to meet their logistical needs.Chapter3：1.Explain the differences between transactional and relationship marketing. Howdo these differences lead to increasing emphasis on logistical performance in supply chain management?Transactional marketing is generally focused towards short-term interaction with customers. Traditional marketing strategies followed this approach wherein exchanges/transactions are carried out with customers in order to increase their revenues and profits.Relationship marketing focuses on the long-term relations with the key supply chain partners such as the consumers, intermediate customers and suppliers. This strategy aims to develop and retain long term preference and loyalty because it has been realized in many industries that it is more important to obtain greater share of the purchases made by the existing customers than to attract new customers. This approach tries to identify the individual customers in order to satisfy their unique needs in the most cost-efficient and effective way. This requires a greater emphasis on logistical performance of the entire supply chain.2.Why are the four primary service outputs of spatial convenience, lot size,waiting time, and product variety important to logistics management?Provide examples of competing firms that differ in the level of each service output provided to customers.Since every customer has different requirements regarding service outputs, spatial convenience, lot size, waiting or delivery time, and product variety represent the four generic outputs to accommodate customer requirements.Spatial convenience measures the amount of shopping time and effort that needs to be out by the customer. Higher convenience is offered by making the product available in more number of places. As an example some household furniture manufacturers offer their products through department store, mass merchandisers and other independent department stores whereas Ethen Allen offers its products only at its own Allen retail stores.Lot size refers to the number of units that can be purchased in each transaction. A customer who wish to buy larger quantity of items for example 12 or 24 rolls of paper towels to get a lower unit price can get it from Sam’s Club and Costco. However they can buy single rolls from grocery or convenient stores. The basic tradeoff in such purchases is between the unit price and the storage or maintenance cost of such volumes.Waiting time is the amount if time a customer has to wait between ordering and receiving products. The lower the waiting time, the higher is the level of service. Buying products from retail or grocery stores has no waiting time however if someone wants to order from a catalog or via the Internet, he has to wait for the product. Although higher waiting time is associated with inconvenience, customers are rewarded in the form of lower prices.Product variety refers to the different assortments or variety offered to the consumers and end-users. Supermarkets offer a large variety of items, whereas the warehouse stores offer a much less variety. And convenience stores offer even lesser variety.3.What is meant by availability in logistics customer service? Provide examplesof the different ways to monitor a firm’s performance in availability.Availability is the capacity to have inventory when desired by a customer. As simple as this may seem, it is not at all uncommon for an organization to expend considerable time, money, and effort to generate customer demand and then fail to have product available to meet customer requirements. The traditional practice in organizations is to stock inventory in anticipation of customer orders.Availability is based on three performance measures: Stockout Frequency, Fill Rate, and Orders Shipped Complete.Stockout Frequency: For example, a study of retail supermarkets revealed that at any point in time during a week, the average supermarket is out of stock of approximately 8 percent of the items planned to be on the shelves. It is important to note, however, that a stockout does not actually occur until a customer desires a product. The aggregation of all stockouts across all products is an indicator of how well a firm is positioned to provide basic service commitments in product availability. While it does not consider that some products may be more critical in terms of availability than others, it is the starting point in thinking about inventory availability.Fill Rate: For example, if a customer wants 100 units of an item and only 97 are available, the fill rate is 97 percent. To effectively consider fill rate, the typical procedure is to evaluate performance over time to incIude multiple customer orders. Thus, fill rate performance can be evaluated for a specific customer, product, or for any combination of customers, products, or business segments. Fill rate can be used to differentiate the level of service to be offered on specific products. In the earlier example, if all 100 products ordered were critical to a customer, then a fill rate of 97 percent could result in a stockout at the customer's plant or warehouse and severely disrupt the customer's operations. Imagine an assembly line scheduled to produce 100 automobiles that receives only 97 of its required brake assemblies. In situations where some of the items are not critical to performance, a fill rate of 97 percent may be acceptable. The customer may accept a back order or be willing to reorder the short。

物流管理课程2013年下半年第一次作业内容用户2012秋入学专升本孟祥坤课程物流管理测试物流管理课程2013年下半年第一次作业已开始13-9-28 上午9:49已提交13-10-5 下午7:22状态已完成分数得 100 分，满分 100 分已用时间 177 小时 32 分钟。

说明问题 1得 2 分，满分 2 分物流费用与顾客服务水平的关系为：（）答案所选答案：正相关问题 2得 2 分，满分 2 分按照市场营销学理论，物流服务属于完整产品概念中的（）产品。

答案所选答案：扩大产品问题 3得 2 分，满分 2 分对于规模不大、各职能部门之间联系较为紧密的企业而言，以下哪种物流管理组织结构具有较强的适用性？（）答案所选答案：要素分割型物流管理组织结构问题 4得 2 分，满分 2 分运输费用最高的运输方式是（）答案所选答案：航空运输问题 5得 2 分，满分 2 分为应对需求的不确定性所保有的存货称为：（）答案所选答案：安全存货问题 6得 2 分，满分 2 分与库存决策最相关的商品价值是（）。

答案所选答案：商品的买价问题 7得 2 分，满分 2 分以下哪项不是定量订货方式的优点？（）答案所选答案：有助于减少货物的变价损失问题 8得 2 分，满分 2 分对ABC分类法中C类存货的描述错误的是：（）答案所选答案：属无价值存货问题 9得 2 分，满分 2 分以下哪种条件下，不适宜采用生产企业配送？（）答案所选答案：产品具有集中生产、分散消费的特点问题 10得 2 分，满分 2 分配送中心的功能不包括：（）答案所选答案：干线运输功能问题 11得 2 分，满分 2 分对于精密仪器和贵重物品而言，常用的包装技术为：（）答案所选答案：悬浮式缓冲包装技术问题 12得 2 分，满分 2 分以下不属于指示性标志的是：（）。

答案所选答案：易爆问题 13得 2 分，满分 2 分以下哪项不是功能性产品的特点？（）答案所选答案：订货提前期较短问题 14得 2 分，满分 2 分ERP指的是：（）答案所选答案：企业资源计划问题 15得 2 分，满分 2 分ERP的基础是答案所选答案：MRPⅡ问题 16得 3 分，满分 3 分对于国民经济而言，加强物流管理，具体一下哪些作用？（）答案所选答案：降低物流费用的消耗发展、壮大新兴的产业部门促进电子商务的发展问题 17得 3 分，满分 3 分公路运输的优点包括：（）答案所选答案：运输速度较快，灵活性好可实现门对门运输问题 18得 3 分，满分 3 分运输不合理的现象，具体表现在以下哪些方面？（）答案所选答案：空驶运输运能利用不充分相向运输、迂回运输、倒流运输、过远运输、重复运输和超限运输运输工具选择不当问题 19得 3 分，满分 3 分以下关于集装化的说法中正确的有：（）答案所选答案：集装化有利于提高运输工具的装载效率集装化是实现装卸搬运合理化的重要途径集装化有利于对货物进行数量确认集装箱和托盘是最常见的两种集装化方法问题 20得 3 分，满分 3 分存货管理的内容主要包括哪些？（）答案所选答案：开展订货决策开展仓库管理问题 21得 3 分，满分 3 分在定量订货决策中，固定订货量有以下哪些因素确定？（）答案所选答案：存货持有成本平均需求量固定订购费用问题 22得 3 分，满分 3 分关于配送中心的选址，下列说法正确的有：（）答案所选答案：配送中心应建在客户需求集中，对货物需求量大的地区的中心位置配送中心宜紧邻重要的运输线路选址在物流园区，有利于降低配送中心的运营费用问题 23得 3 分，满分 3 分关于流通加工，以下说法正确的有：（）答案所选答案：具有低投入高产出的特点不改变产品的基本形态和功能问题 24得 3 分，满分 3 分以下对于QR战略和ECR战略的描述，正确的有：（）答案所选答案：ECR战略适用于功能性产品QR战略注重联合开发ECR战略的核心是消除浪费，节约物流费用QR战略中起主导作用的是零售企业问题 25得 3 分，满分 3 分看板管理必须遵守以下哪些基本原则？（）答案所选答案：没有看板不能生产，也不能运送不将不良品送往后一道工序不能领取超过看板规定的数量按照看板出现的顺序进行生产问题 26得 2 分，满分 2 分迂回运输指的是货物从销地流回产地或起运地的一种运输现象，是运输不合理的表现。

按现代物流发展的（）方向，物流配送中心应根据消费需求“多品种、小批量、多批次、个性化、快速反应”的特色，灵活组织和实施物流作业。

∙A、网络化∙B、柔性化∙C、专业化∙D、短路化学员答案：b说明：本题得分：2题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2（）是在一定范围内缩减物流标准化对象的类型数目，使之在一定时间内满足一般需要。

∙A、简化∙B、统一化∙C、系列化∙D、通用化学员答案：a说明：本题得分：2题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 生产者将商品实体通过运输转移给消费者所克服的间隔是（）。

∙A、所有权间隔∙B、时间间隔∙C、场所间隔∙D、使用权间隔学员答案：c说明：本题得分：2题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 （）是指企业能够满足的订货数量与总的订单的订货数量之比。

∙A、服务水平指标∙B、满足程度指标∙C、交货水平指标∙D、交货期质量指标学员答案：b说明：本题得分：2题号:6 题型:判断题本题分数:3物流战略管理是一件简单的任务或目标，是物流经营者在构建物流系统过程中，通过物流战略设计、战略实施、战略评价与控制等环节，调节物流资源、组织结构等，最终实现物流系统宗旨和战略目标等一系列动态过程的总和。

∙1、错∙2、对学员答案：1说明：本题得分：3题号:7 题型:判断题本题分数:3物流标准化是指在运输、配送、包装、装卸、保管、流通加工、资源回收及信息管理等环节中，对重复性事物和概念通过制定发布和实施各类标准，达到协调统一，以获得最佳秩序和社会效益。

∙1、错∙2、对学员答案：2说明：本题得分：3题号:8 题型:判断题本题分数:3当企业的物流系统已经存在，应该在何时改善其现有的物流系统是物流计划的重要问题，这可以从市场需求、顾客服务水平、产品特点、物流成本和定价方法五个方面来考虑。

∙1、错∙2、对学员答案：2说明：本题得分：3题号:9 题型:判断题本题分数:3物流战略实施的执行层面计划对于库存的要求是整个库存不超过某一财务预算，物流战略实施的战略层面计划需要对每种产品提出相应的管理方法。

观《中国物流的瓶颈系列》有感市场营销0932班18号梁湘随着经济全球化，社会分工日趋细化，市场需求不断变化，物流在社会经济中的重要作用越来越突出，对物流的要求也越来越高，从提供简单的运输、仓储业务，发展到提供供应链集成服务。

而且随着我国加入WTO后对服务业的开放，大量国外的物流公司涌入国内市场，这些物流公司凭借着强大的资源、技术、管理优势，以及多年的运作经验，已经并将持续对我国的物流市场产生冲击，进一步抢占我国物流企业原有的市场份额，竞争的格局将会更加激烈。

目前我国从事物流行业的公司已有数万家，它们中既有大型物流企业又有中小型物流企业。

但总体来说大型物流企业较少，大多数物流企业为中小型企业。

这些中小型物流企业大多从传统的专业性的运输企业、仓储企业、货运代理企业等转变而来。

它们大多数提供区域性物流服务，服务范围较窄、功能单一，形成了以轻资产为优势的中小型物流企业阵营。

尽管这些中小型物流企业各具产业和地方特色，但无论从物流服务提供的角度，还是从资产规模和服务地域角度都明显不如大型物流企业。

一、我国中小型物流企业的发展瓶颈（1）服务能力低，市场辐射小。

我国大多数中小型物流企业都是从传统的储运企业转型而来，除少数中小型物流企业初步具备了专业化物流机能和柔性化的综合物流能力外，大部分中小型物流企业由于规模偏小而服务能力十分有限，难以提供大批量、多批次、跨地区的物流服务，有的甚至只能在城市等小区域范围内活动，很难实现向周边地区的辐射。

（2）服务功能单一，竞争力低。

多数中小型物流企业仍以局部的、分段的物流服务为主，不能提供物流方案设计和全程一站式物流服务等高层次的物流服务，加之企业内部缺乏必要的管理规程和服务规范，在服务质量上比较欠缺，在市场声誉方面缺乏可信度，在市场竞争中处于劣势，难与大企业抗衡。

（3）各自为政，布局不合理。

各个物流企业为了争夺市场、开辟渠道，出于自身利益和方便的考虑，纷纷建立自己的物流网络，拥有自己的物流设施。

第一次作业（第－章）一、单选题.物料管理是对与物料流入企业有关的所有活动进行组织和控制。

.管理.领导.计划.跟踪.现代物流管理在经历了三个发展阶段即阶段、内部一体化阶段、外部一体化阶段..职能管理.交通管理.配送管理.市场营销.企业物流管理是以为出发点，对物流全过程进行计划、实施和控制。

.销售.产品质量.客户满意.市场占有率.客户的需求可分为三个层次：基本需求、、超越期望。

.需求.期望.高级需求.普通需求.客户服务能力最基本的三个方面包括可得性、和可靠性。

.安全性.系统性.全面性.作业绩效.客户服务的成为企业超越于竞争对手的竞争优势。

.差异性.服务水平.客户满意.管理水平.订单周期包括下订单、订单汇总与处理、货物拣取、包装与。

.流通加工.信息处理.保管.配送.客户满意是指客户通过对一个产品的可感知的效果与他的相比较后，所形成的愉悦或失望的感觉状态。

.要求.期望.订单.计划成功地解决了根据最终产品需求生成零部件需求计划的问题。

.客户忠诚度的重要性可以用客户的来体现。

.终生价值.购买率.期望.满意度二、多项选择题1.客户服务可以看作是。

.一种活动.绩效水平.管理理念.生产方式2.影响客户终生价值的因素有。

.客户服务.平均交易价值.年购买频率.客户估计寿命3.作业衡量可以通过等方面来具体说明所期望的完成周期。

.速度.一致性.灵活性.故障与恢复4.衡量可得性的物流绩效指标是。

.缺货频率.供应比率.订货周期.订货完成率5.市场营销是以下那些要素的组合。

.产品.价格.促销.渠道6.对服务质量的衡量主要体现在等方面。

.衡量变量.衡量变化.衡量单位.衡量基础三、判断题(√) . 物流的定义随着人们的物流活动和实践的逐步认识而发生变化，其内涵逐步得到丰富、深化和扩展。

（√）. 企业降低运输和配送成本的努力往往会对顾客服务产生负面影响。

（Х）. 企业物流管理是以产品质量为出发点，对物流全过程进行计划、实施和控制。

改为：客户满意（√）. 客户忠诚度的重要性可以用客户的终生价值来体现。