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说明文阅读【2023年天津】阅读《如何给山峰测高》一文，回答下题。
如何给山峰测高于先文①山峰的高度通常指海拔高，是以平均海水面为基准，到山顶的垂直距离。
怎样测量山峰的准确高度呢？主要有三种方法。
②目前，山高测量中精度最高的是水准测量法。
一般来说，是从山脚下一个已知海拔高的点出发，利用水准仪和两把水准尺测量相距不远两点间的高差。
水准测量精度高，误差可控制在厘米级，甚至毫米级。
但水准测量进度慢，例如，200米左右高度的山，沿上山路测量也需要1天；如果碰到草木丛生没有路的山，测量进度就更加缓慢。
因此，该方法只适合测量较低的山峰。
③相比之下，三角高程测量法要简单快捷得多。
我们测量448.9米的南京紫金山主峰，用的就是这个方法：在山脚下，利用安置在海拔高已知点上的全站仪，瞄准安置在山顶的棱镜，可测得视线的高度角和距离，利用数学方法就能算出一个垂直高差。
这个垂直高差加上已知点海拔高和全站仪高，再减去山顶棱镜高，就得到了山的海拔高。
这个方法虽然“多快好省”，但仅仅适合测量精度要求不高的山峰。
④利用北斗卫星导航定位技术测量山峰高度，工作更加简便且测量精度高。
2020年，我国科学家测量珠穆朗玛峰时就采用了这种方法。
但这个方法测得的是大地高，大地高需要减去一个叫作大地水准面差距的值，才能得到海拔高。
要想得到精确的大地水准面差距，需要有严密的数学模型和当地的重力加速度等数据，这也是2020年在珠峰测量中开展重力测量的重要原因。
目前，北斗卫星测高误差已可控制在5厘米之内；随着科学技术的进一步发展，未来可能达到毫米级精度，进而全面替代水准和三角高程测量法。
⑤掌握山峰高度，对工程建设、科学研究有着重要作用。
一方面，准确的山峰高度是工程规划、设计、施工的重要地理数据；另一方面，对于山峰及周边区域的高程监测，也可用于地壳形变、板块运动等演变机理研究，以及地震、泥石流等自然灾害预报。
此外，准确了解山峰的高度，还有利于科学家开展生态环境演变研究，分析沧海桑田的变化趋势，探索人类家园的未知奥秘。
安全与抢救专项训练九时间：8～10分钟/篇分值：2分/小题Passage1(2018宜昌)Therearemanydifferentkindsofdisastersaroundtheworld.Asanadultyou knowwhattododuringadisaster,butwhataboutthechildren?Someadultsthink itwouldprobablyneverhappentothem,sotheydon'tteachtheirchildrenwhattodo.Before it's toolate, herearewaystohelpyouprepare yourchild for adisaster ：Educate: It isalwaysgoodtolet yourchild knowabout possible disasters. This doesn't meanchildren havetolive infear. Whenteaching themaboutdisasters, keep theconversationpositive( 踊跃的)bytellingthemthereisasolution( 解决方法)to thedisaster. Keeptheconversations short, allow for questionsandanswerhonestly.Prepare: Alwaysbeprepared, that is thebest advice for children. Forexample, whenpreparingforbadweather,getthetoolsyouneed,like candles,radios,food, waterandmedicine. Teachyourchild whatisneededincertain disasters sothat they knowwhatisavailableforthem,ifeverneeded.Plan: Youshouldalwayshaveaplanforyouandyourchildforanydangeroussituation.Writeoutasimplelistthattheycanread.Theplancouldstartwith“l istentoanadult'sadviceand/orcall119 ”．Practice: Onceyouhavegotthecorrectsafetytoolsandworkedouttherightplan,practiceeveryfewmonths.Practicingwhattododuringadisasterwithyour childwillhelpthemifthetimecomes.Disasters can't beavoided butthey canbelessened(减少)onceyouareprepared andreadyforone.( )1.Whatdoestheword disaster mean?A. 命运B. 灾害C.演习D.畅销( )2.Whatshouldadultsteachchildren?A.Whendisasterswillhappen.B.Whydisastersaredangerous.C.Whattodoforadisaster.D.Howtoavoidadisaster.( )3.Whatisthecorrectthingtodoforadults?A.Havepositiveconversationswithchildren.B.Trynottotalkaboutdisasterswithchildren.C.Makethechildrenscaredofdisasters.D.Askchildrenlotsofquestions.( )4.What'sthemostimportantthingforchildren?A.Alwaysaskadultsforhelp.B.Alwaysbepreparedforadisaster.C.Alwayslistentoanadult'sadvice.D.Alwaysrememberwherethetoolsare.( )5.WhatisNOTsuggesteddoing?A.Rememberingwhatisneededincertaindisasters.B.Gettingthechildrentoknowtheplanwell.C.Helpingpeopleindisasterareas.D.Gettingradiosforbadweather.Passage2(2018娄底)Robertandhisbrother wereplaying football intheir front yard. Suddenlyawoman ranoutofherhouseshoutingto themtocallanambulance( 救护车).Her 12-week-old babyseemedtostopbreathing. Shewassoscaredthat shecouldn't find hercell phone, soshehaddecidedtorushoutsidetoaskforhelp.AsthewomanwastryingtodoCPR( 心肺复苏术)onherbaby,youngRobertcamein andtoldhershewasdoingitallwrong.Heaskedhertousetwofingers,pushonthechest5-10times, tilt( 倾斜)thebaby'shead,plug( 堵住)thenoseandthendoamouth-to-mouth resuscitationbybreathingintothebaby'smouth.Luckily for thebaby,thewomanaccepted Robert's advice. Just for asecond, came aloudcryfromthebaby.Soonthedoctorscameandthebabywassenttohospital. Themostamazingpart ofthis story is that Robert hasnotattended aCPRclass. Instead,helearneditallbycarefullyreadingtheposters( 宣传画)onthewallsof hisschoolhall.And,whileheisnowbeingcalledasaheroandeveninterviewedonTV,heis just gladto havesavedthebaby's life ！“Thankstotheposters onthewalls,hecouldsavethekid ！”histeachersaidtotherepor terproudly.( )1.WhydidthewomanaskRobertandhisbrothertocallanambulance?A.BecauseRobertandhisbrotherhitherbaby.B.Becauseshehadtolookafterher12 -week-oldbaby.C.Becauseherbabyseemedtostopbreathing andshecouldn't find hercell phone.( )2.WhotaughtthewomantodoCPRcorrectly?A.Robert'sparents.B.Roberthimself.C.Robert'sbrother.( )3.HowdidRobertlearnCPR?A.Heusedtogotothehospitaltolearnitfromthedoctors.B.Helearntitbylisteningtotheradioandkeptitinhismind.C.Helearntitbyreadingthepostersonthewallsofhisschoolhall.( )4.What's theChinesemeaning oftheunderlinedword “resuscitation”？A. 复苏B.保留C.逃跑( )5.What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.RobertwasinterviewedonTV.B.Theschoolcultureisgoodforstudents.C.Robertisaherobecausehesavedthebaby.Passage3(2018南充)Whatshouldyoudoif there's anearthquake atschool?Howcanyouprotect yourself whenyouarecaught inastampede(践踏)?March25this year provides youwith agood chancetolearnaboutsafety.This dayis called theNational DayofEducation ontheSafety ofElementary and Middle SchoolStudents(NDESEMSS)(全国中小学生安全教育日). Thethemeofthedaythis yearis togive students moreknowledgeaboutsafety andmakesuretheir lives safe. Asurvey donebytheChinaYouthandChildren ResearchCentershowedthat school accidentskillmoreelementaryandmiddleschoolstudentsthananythingelse.Themainaccidentscomefromstampedes,earthquakes,firesandsportsinjuries( 损害)．Whatcanwedotokeepourselvessafe?Stayingcalm( 冷静)isthefirstandmost importantrulewhenfacingaccidents.Butdifferentaccidentshavedifferentself-protectionadvice.Astampedeispossibleanywhere. Thelargerahumancrowdgets,the morelikely stampedesbecome.Whenstudents aroundyoubegintopush,stand still andtry tohold ontosomething,orstayinacorneruntilthecrowdleaves.Ifyoufalldowninamovingcrowd,coveryourheadwithbothhands.Leantooneside,curlupyourbodyandbendyourlegs.Earthquakes arecommonnatural disasters( 灾害). Whenyoufeel thegroundshake, dropdown,takecoverunderadeskandholdon.Youshouldstayindoorsuntiltheshaking stops. If youareoutdoors, don't stay nearbuildings, treesorpowerlines.Whenthere'safire,followtheteachers'instructions,leavetheclassroomquickly anduseapiece ofcloth tocoveryourmouthandnosesothat youdon't breathe insmoke.( )1.What'sthethemeofNDESEMSSthisyear?A.Togivestudents moreknowledgeabout safety andmakesuretheir livessafe.B.Togive students moreknowledgeabouthealth andmakesuretheyeathealthily.C.Togivestudentsmoreknowledgeaboutscienceandmaketheirstudybetter.D.Togivestudentsmoreknowledgeaboutaccidentsandmakethemrunaway.( )2. Whatshouldyoudofirst whenaccidents happenaccording tothis passage?A.Runaway.B.Standthere.C.Keepcalm.D.Cryloudly.( )3.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingis TRUE?A.Caraccidentskillthemostelementaryandmiddleschoolstudentsofallaccidents.B.Whenthere'safire,youshoulduseclothtocoveryourmouthandnose.C.Ifyoufalldowninamovingcrowd,youcandonothingbutwaitthere.D.Whenanearthquakehappens,youshouldstaynearbuildingsortrees.( )4.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.BeafraidofaccidentsB.TheearthquakeiscomingC.RunawayfromaccidentsD.Howtoprotectyourself( )5. If thewriter continues towrite this passage, whatwill hewrite about?A.Thechangesoffires.B.Thereasonsofaccidents.C.Sportsinjuries.D.Smokingdisadvantages.专项训练九安全与抢救Passage1【要旨粗心】本文是一篇说明文。
议论文阅读【2023年江西】阅读下面的文字，完成下题。
作家的劳动路遥①我在文学创作方面的劳动历史并不长，这里所谈的只是一些肤浅而零碎的认识。
②一个人想搞创作，一开始就想接触一些创作方面的理论和技巧，这是必要的。
但是，有一个重要的问题往往容易被忽视，这就是：如何正确认识和对待文学创作这种劳动。
③搞文学，具备这方面的天资当然是重要的，但就我来说，并不重视这个东西。
我觉得，作品在某种意义上，不完全是智慧的产物，更主要的是毅力和艰苦劳动的结果。
④从工作特点来看，作家永远是个体劳动者。
这种独立性的劳动非常艰苦，不能指靠别人来代替。
任何外在的帮助，都不可能缓减这种劳动的内在紧张程度。
有时候，一旦进入创作的过程（尤其是篇幅较大的作品），真如同进入茫茫的沼泽地，前不着村，后不靠店，等于一个人孤零零地在稿纸上进行一场不为人所知的长征。
精神时不时会垮下来，时不时怀疑自己能否走到头。
有时，终于被迫停下来了。
这时候，可能并不是其他方面出了毛病，关键是毅力经受不住考验了，当然，退路是熟悉的，退下来也是容易的。
如果在这种情况下被困难击败了，悲剧不仅仅在于这个作品的失败，而且在于自己的精神将可能长期陷入迷惘状态中。
也许从此以后，每当走到这样的“回心石”面前，腿就软了，心也灰了，一次又一次从这样的高度上退下来，永远也别指望登上华山之巅。
遇到这样的情况，除过对自己所写的东西保持清醒的头脑以外，最重要的就是要咬着牙，一步一步向前跋涉，要想有所收获，达到目标，就应当对自己残酷一点！⑤文学创作的艰苦性还在于它是一种创造性的劳动，任何简单的创造都要比复杂的模仿困难得多。
平庸的作家会反复制造出一堆又一堆被同样平庸的评论家所表扬的文学废品，而任何一个严肃认真的作家，为寻找一行富有创造性的文字，往往就像在沙子里面淘金一般不容易。
如果说创作还有一点甜头，那么，这种甜头只有在吃尽苦头以后才能尝到。
⑥为了适应这种艰苦的劳动的需要，我们必须一开始就培养自己的优良品质。
文言文阅读【2023年天津】阅读《出师表》的节选文字，回答下题。
①臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。
先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。
后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣。
②先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。
受命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明，故五月渡泸，深入不毛。
今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。
此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。
至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。
③愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效；不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。
若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎。
陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。
臣不胜受恩感激。
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。
1.下面句子中加粗词的解释，不正确的一项是（）A.躬耕于南阳躬：亲自B.至于斟酌损益益：益处C.以告先帝之灵告：祭告D.则责攸之、祎、允等之慢慢：缓慢2.下面句子中加粗词古今意义不同的一项是（）A.先帝不以臣卑鄙B.奉命于危难之间C.先帝知臣谨慎D.恐托付不效3.下面对文章的理解分析，不正确的一项是（）A.第①段作者从叙述自己身世入手，追述了先帝三顾茅庐、自己临危受命这两件往事。
B.第②段写作者已经完成“兴复汉室，还于旧都”的重任，以此回报了先帝的知遇之恩。
C.第③段作者阐明了自己和其他朝臣的责任，并以“陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏”来劝勉刘禅。
D.选文句句发自肺腑，情辞恳切，体现了“表”这种文体“动之以情”的特征。
【2023年重庆A卷】阅读下面的文言文，完成下题。
曹刿论战《左传》①十年春，齐师伐我。
公将战，曹刿请见。
其乡人曰：“肉食者谋之，又何间焉？”刿曰：“肉食者鄙，未能远谋。
”乃入见。
问：“何以战？”公曰：“衣食所安，弗敢专也，必以分人。
”对曰：“小惠未遍，民弗从也。
中考语文散文阅读专题训练真题汇编(含答案)第一篇：《草地上的旋律》题目在一片美丽的草地上，小明发现了一个小小的草丛，里面藏着许多生物。
请你根据文章内容回答以下问题：1. 小明发现了哪些生物？2. 这些生物是怎样的？3. 小明对这些生物的感受是怎样的？答案1. 小明发现了青蛙、蝴蝶和蜜蜂。
2. 这些生物都充满生机活力，各有不同的特点。
青蛙在草地上不停跳跃，蝴蝶在花丛中翩翩起舞，蜜蜂忙碌地采集花蜜。
3. 小明对这些生物感到惊叹和欣喜，觉得它们在草地上构成了一幅美丽的画面，使她心情愉快。
第二篇：《童年的小乐趣》题目这篇文章描述了童年时代小明的一些乐趣。
请你回答以下问题：1. 文章提到了哪些乐趣？2. 这些乐趣给小明带来了什么样的体验？3. 你是否有过类似的乐趣？答案1. 文章提到了放风筝、骑自行车和玩泥巴的乐趣。
2. 这些乐趣让小明感到自由、快乐和无忧无虑。
3. 是的，我也曾经有过类似的乐趣，比如和朋友一起玩捉迷藏，追逐彩色气球。
第三篇：《春天的美景》题目这篇文章描绘了春天的美景。
请你回答以下问题：1. 文章里提到了哪些春天的景色？2. 这些景色给人们带来了什么样的感受？3. 你最喜欢春天的哪个景色？答案1. 文章提到了春天的花朵盛开、绿树成荫和小溪流水的景色。
2. 这些景色给人们带来了愉悦和舒适的感受，让人心情愉快。
3. 我最喜欢春天花朵盛开的景色，花海绚烂多彩，令人陶醉其中。
第四篇：《友谊的宝藏》题目这篇文章讲述了小明和小刚之间的友谊。
请你回答以下问题：1. 小明和小刚是如何成为朋友的？2. 他们之间是如何支持和帮助对方的？3. 友谊给他们带来了什么样的快乐？答案1. 小明和小刚是在学校的一次活动中相识的，彼此产生了兴趣和好感，从而成为了朋友。
2. 他们之间相互支持，共同度过了许多快乐和难忘的时光，互相帮助解决困难和烦恼。
3. 友谊为他们带来了真挚的情感和无尽的快乐，在彼此的陪伴中成长和进步。
2022全国各地中考数学解析汇编--第44章阅读理解型问题B(已排版)全国各地中考数学,各地中考真题,专题训练（最新最全）2022年全国各地中考数学解析汇编（按章节考点整理）四十四章阅读理解型问题B（2022浙江省嘉兴市，23，12分）将△ABC绕点A按逆时针方向旋转θ度,并使各边长变为原来的n倍,得△AB′C′,即如图①,∠BAB′＝θ,换记为[θ,n].(1)如图①,对△ABC作变换[60°得△AB′C′,则SAB'C:SABC=_______;直线BC与直线B′C′所夹的锐角为_______度;(2)如图②,△ABC中,∠BAC=30°,∠ACB=90°,对△ABC作变换[θ,n]得△AB′C′,使点B、C、C在同一直线上,且四边形ABB′C′为矩形,求θ和n的值;(3)如图③,△ABC中,AB=AC,∠BAC=36°,BC=1,对△ABC作变换[θ,n]得△AB′C′,使点B、C、B′在同一直线上,且四边形ABB′C′为平行四边形,求θ和n的值.ABBCACn,我们将这种变ABBCAC第23题图①第23题图②第23题图③【解析】(1)由题意知,θ为旋转角,n为位似比.由变换[60°和相似三角形的面积比等于相似比的平方,得SAB'C:SABC=3,直线BC与直线B′C′所夹的锐角为60°;(2)由已知条件得θ＝∠CAC′＝∠BAC′－∠BAC＝60°.由直角三角形中,30°锐角所对的直角边等于斜边的一半得n＝AB＝2.AB(3)由已知条件得θ＝∠CAC′＝∠ACB＝72°.再由两角对应相等,证得△ABC∽△B′BA,由相似三角形的性质求得n＝BCBC【答案】(1)3;60°.(2)∵四边形ABB′C′是矩形,∴∠BAC′＝90°.∴θ＝∠CAC′＝∠BAC′－∠BAC＝90°－30°＝60°.在Rt△ABB′中，∠ABB′＝90°,∠BAB′＝60°,∴n＝AB＝2.AB(3)∵四边形ABB′C′是平行四边形,∴AC′∥BB′,又∵∠BAC＝36°∴θ＝∠CAC′＝∠ACB＝72°∴∠C′AB′＝∠ABB′＝∠BAC＝36°,而∠B＝∠B,∴△ABC∽△B′BA,∴AB2＝CB·B′B＝CB·(BC+CB′),2而CB′＝AC＝AB＝B′C′,BC＝1,∴AB＝1·(1+AB)1,∵AB＞0,2BC∴n＝BC∴AB＝全国各地中考数学,各地中考真题,专题训练【点评】本题是一道阅读理解题.命题者首先定义了一种变换,要求考生根据这种定义解决相关的问题.读懂定义是解题的关键所在.本题所涉及的知识点有相似三角形的面积比等于相似比的平方,黄金比等.（2022江苏省无锡市，27，8′）对于平面直角坐标系中的任意两点P1(某1,y1)、P2(某2,y2),我们把某1-某2+y1-y2叫做P1、P2两点间的直角距离，记作d(P1,P2).(1)已知O为坐标原点，动点P(某,y)满足d(O，P)=1，请写出某与y 之间满足的关系式，并在所给的直角坐标系中出所有符合条件的点P所组成的图形；（2）设P0(某0,y0)是一定点，Q(某,y)是直线y=a某+b上的动点，我们把d(P0，Q)的最小值叫做P0到直线y=a某+b的直角距离，试求点M （2,1）到直线y=某+2的直角距离。
专项训练七节假日活动时间：8～10分钟/篇分值：2分/小题Passage 1(2018福州)In Britain, Boxing Day is usually celebrated on December 26th, which is the following day after Christmas Day. However, strictly speaking, Boxing Day is the first weekday after Christmas. Like Christmas Day, Boxing Day is a public holiday. This means it's a nonworking day in the whole of Britain. When Boxing Day falls on a Saturday or Sunday, the following Monday is the public holiday.The exact origin(起源) of the holiday is unclear. One of the thoughts is that during the Middle Ages, when great sailing ships were setting off to discover new land, a Christmas Box was placed by a priest (神父) on each ship. Those sailors who wanted to ensure a safe return would drop money into the box. It was sealed_up and kept on board until the ship came home safely. Then the box was handed over to the priest in the exchange for the saying of a Mass of thanks for the success of the sailing. The priest wouldn't open it to share the contents with the poor until Christmas.One more thought is about the “Alms Box” placed in every church on Christmas Day. Worshippers (做礼拜的人) put gifts for the poor into it. These boxes were always opened the day after Christmas, that is why that day became known as Boxing Day.Today, many businesses, organizations and families try to keep the traditional spirit of Boxing Day alive by donating (捐赠) their time, services and money to aid Food Banks, providing gifts for the poor, or helping families in need. Besides, spending time with family and shopping are popular Boxing Day activities now.( )1. If Christmas Day is on a Saturday, Boxing Day will be celebrated on________．A. December 25thB. December 26thC. December 27thD. December 28th( )2. Sailors dropped money into the Christmas Box in order to ________．A. save the poorB. pay for the priestC. discover new landD. pray for sailing safety( )3. What does the underlined phrase “sealed up” mean?A. 密封B. 悬挂C. 归还D. 传递( )4. The following activities can show the traditional spirit of Boxing Day EXCEPT ________．A. offering gifts to the poorB. supporting families in needC. spending time with familyD. giving money to aid Food Banks( )5. The purpose of the passage is ________．A. to praise the kindness of priestsB. to introduce the origins of Boxing DayC. to call on people to help the poorD. to compare Boxing Day with Christmas DayPassage 2(2018泰州)Interesting festivals in the worldA. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.( )2. Where will you probably go to enjoy one of the festivals above in May?A. Spain.B. England.C. The United States.D. Thailand.( )3. Which festival is held in Black Rock Desert?A. Throwing tomatoes.B. Rolling cheese.C. Burning man.D. Pouring water.( )4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The tomatoes are thrown into the crowd to eat.B. Not all the festivals above fall on the single day.C. Burning a large real man is the best part of the festival.D. Songkran is the only reason for attracting lots of tourists.( )5. The passage is most probably taken from ________.A. a tour guideB. a science reportC. a story bookD. a fashion magazinePassage 3(2018山西)Emma has just finished travelling alone in Europe. Are you interested in her journey? Let's read some of her travel diaries.( )1. Emma was looking forward to this travel because ________．A. she had never taken a train ride beforeB. she could do anything she liked on the journeyC. she hoped to keep herself away from the busy life( )2. From the passage, we can know Salzburg is a great place for ________．A. enjoying classical musicB. buying children's booksC. visiting history museums( )3. In Amsterdam, she ________．A. climbed the beautiful mountainsB. travelled along the river in a boatC. wrote some postcards in her hotel( )4. She didn't need to worry about her safety in Copenhagen because ________．A. there was very little crime thereB. the city was full of friendly peopleC. she thought she was careful enough( )5. We can know that ________ from the passage.A. Emma has little interest in artB. Emma is a brave but careless girlC. Emma's travels were enjoyable and specialPassage 4(2018孝感)Dear mum and dad，I'm writing this letter to you from the center of Australia. At the moment we're staying near Uluru—that's the aboriginal(土著) name for Ayers Rock. On the first day, we took a balloon tour over the rock, and I was surprised at how big it was: 3.6 kilometers long and 384 meters high. The colors of the rock are fantastic, and at different times of the day, they change from purple to red. The Aborigines are the first people of Australia, and the ancient aboriginal stories describe the spirits that created the world. Uluru is a center of Aboriginal culture.The Australians have many British relatives. That's why they're like us in many ways. Their family life is similar to ours, and they enjoy the same food and hobbies. The food and drink that most Australians like are grapes, lamb, ham and especially wine that they make in the south of the country. They love all sports, but football is the most popular. Most Australians live near the coast, so they also love goingto the beach, swimming and surfing.Although it's December, it's summer over here. The sunshine is very bright, and near the coast the countryside is very green. There are lots of sheep in the fields and on the hills, but the outback(澳洲内陆) is more like a desert, full of rocks and sand.The next day after we arrived at Uluru, we went on a camel(骆驼) ride. The camel that I rode had a bad temper. When I sat on its back, it became very angry and refused me. So everyone else thought it was very funny that my camel kept lying down...Finally, later this evening, we're taking the plane back to Sydney and coming home, it's been a fantastic trip!Tony( )1. Which is NOT true according to Paragraph One?A. Uluru is the name for Ayers Rock.B. The height of Uluru is 384 meters.C. The rock of Uluru doesn't change colors.D. Uluru is the center of Aboriginal culture.( )2. Tony may be a(n) ________．A. BritishB. AustralianC. AmericanD. Chinese( )3. ________ is the most popular sport in Australia.( )4. The underlined word “temper” means “________” inChinese.A. 脾气B. 记忆C. 命令D. 信心( )5. What is the best title of this passage?A. A Balloon TourB. An Aboriginal LetterC. A Fantastic TripD. A Summer Evening Passage 5(2018北京)A. in the Summer PalaceB. in the British MuseumC. at Tower BridgeD. at Heathrow Airport( )2. What was the weather like when Steve was in Paris?A. Rainy.B. Warm.C. Cloudy.D. Cold.( )3. How long did it take Jack to get back home?A. Two hours.B. Three hours.C. Four hours.D. Five hours.( )4. Kate was in Sydney for ________．A. a picnicB. a concertC. a football gameD. a flower showPassage 6(2018新疆建设兵团)The summer vacation is a time to enjoy a change from the school year. It's a good chance to work on different activities that you don't have much time to do during the rest of the year.We asked about 2，000 people what they would do during the summer vacation. Mostof the surveytakers agreed that the summer vacation was a break from homework and they could relax.Alexis said, “At school, I'm really tired, so during the summer vacation I can re ad books and do many outdoor activities.”Amy is in high school. After school, she sometimes works in a cafe. She told us, “It's a chance to relax after a hard school year—sleep more, and see my friends more.”We also asked them if they would be too busy or kind of bored. About half (52%) of the surveytakers said they would be busy during the summer vacation but still have time to relax. And that is exactly how it should be.But not everyone said their summer vacation would be the right balance (平衡) between being busy and relaxing. Many thought that they would be too bored.How bored or busy people feel during the summer vacation depends on how old they are. Surveytakers in their early teens were more likely (可能的) to be bored. Among them, 40% said they would be bored and only 10% thought they would be too busy.( )1. What does the underlined word “surveytakers” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. 进行调查的人B. 接受调查的人C. 写调查报告的人D. 看调查报告的人( )2. What does Amy want to do during the summer vacation?A. To do a parttime job.B. To do some outdoor activities.C. To help her parents do housework.D. To sleep more and visit friends more.( )3. The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 5 refers to ________．A. feeling boredB. being very busyC. spending all the time enjoying oneselfD. having time to relax though being busy( )4. How bored or busy people feel during the summer vacation depends on ________．A. their ageB. their parentsC. where they liveD. what they are( )5. According to the passage, those who took part in the survey are most probably ________．A. scientistsB. doctorsC. studentsD. teachers1.专项训练七节假日活动Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。
中考语文阅读题考点汇编（思维导图+中考真题专项训练及答案）之——记叙文阅读——08理清文章的线索【知识链接思维导图】【中考真题链接目录】◇ 01最后的牵手◇ 02 老枣树下的斑驳流年◇ 03 马兰花◇ 04奶奶的玉簪子【中考真题链接㈠】（2018年辽宁省锦州市中考）最后的牵手雷抒雁⑴这一次，是他的手握在她的手里。
⑵这是一双被岁月的牙齿啃得干瘦的手：灰黄的皮肤，像是陈年的黄纸，上边满是渍一般的斑点；不安分的筋，暴露着，略略使皮与指骨间，有了一点点空隙。
那些曾经使这手显得健壮和有力的肌肉消失了。
这是长年疾病的折磨所雕凿出来的作品。
⑶可是，母亲仍然紧紧地握着这手。
很久都是相对无言。
突然，她感到那手在自己手心动了一下，便放松了它。
那手立即像渴望自由的鸟，轻轻地转动一下，反握住她的手。
⑷“要喝水吗？”她贴近他的脸低声地问。
⑸A父亲不回答，只是无力地拉着母亲的手。
母亲知道，他实在是没有力量了，从那手上她已感到，生命准备从这个肉体上撤离。
不过依着对五十多年来共同生活的理解，她随着那手的意愿，追寻着那手细微的指向，轻轻地向他身边移动着。
到了胸前，她感觉到父亲的手指还在动。
又移到颈边，那手指似乎还在命令：前进！不要停下来。
⑹母亲明白了，全力握紧那干枯的手，连同自己的手，一齐放在他的唇上。
那干枯的手指不动了，只有嘴唇在轻轻嚅动。
有一滴浑浊的泪从他灰黄多皱的脸颊上滚落下来。
⑺许多记忆一下子涌上她的心头。
从这两双手第一次牵在一起的时候，父亲就这样把母亲纤细的手握在自己手里。
那时，父亲的手健壮、红润而有力量。
母亲想挣脱他的手，但像关在笼子里的鸟，冲不破那手指的门，直到她心甘情愿地让自己的手停留在他的手里。
⑻这两双手相牵着，走过一年又一年，直到他们的子女一个个长大，飞离他们身边。
贫困的时候，他们坐在床边，父亲拉过母亲的手放在自己的手里；苦难的时候，他拉起她的手放在自己的手里。
手指好像是一些有灵性、会说话在的独立生命，只要握在一起，就如同魔术师神奇的吹了一口气，什么就都有了。
