高考阅读理解：人物传记(高考汇编版)

一、最精彩的表演梅兰芳正伏在垂着淡青窗帘的南窗底下画兰竹。

他这时已经完全把自己当做一位画家来要求了，他画画不是为了收益，而是为了追求，说转移也未尝不可。

一个艺术家，当被迫必须放弃他的艺术活动时，就必须以另一种艺术活动来填补他的空虚。

当然，并没有谁不让他表演，恰恰相反，有人巴不得他表演，是他自己谢绝了舞台，千里迢迢移家到香港来过这种淡泊的生活。

而且他早已蓄起了胡须，有什么比这更能表示他断绝粉墨生涯的决心呢!他画画的另一个原因是，在他心中活着一些孤傲高洁的画家形象，他需要以这些人做风范，坚定自甘淡泊、不慕荣利、清者自清、浊者自浊的做人准则。

白石老人是先生的老师与朋友，此刻又想到了他，笔下陡增豪气。

这是一种神来之势，把几茎劲竹画得气韵不凡，仪态万方，似乎一阵风要把它刮倒，它却摇了几摇，挺立如初。

然而夫人推开镂花门走进来打断了他，她极轻极慢地走到他的身边，把不速之客请求见他的事说了出来。

在香港中国饭店二楼一间精雅的餐室里，穿着浅色西装、保持着学者风度的日本电影人川喜多长政与中国同行张善琨，在整肃的餐桌前虚左恭候嘉宾。

约定的时间到了，侍者通报梅兰芳已在饭店门前下车。

川喜多慌忙站起来，丢给张善琨一个关照的眼色，便走出餐室门外，目不转睛地盯着楼梯口。

川喜多是目睹过梅先生风采的，他甚至感到先生便装时的气度比在舞台上更有魅力。

他看过先生演出的京剧作品，依川喜多行家的眼光看，作为先生的代表名剧《太真外传》，无论从清新优美的唱腔，妙曼典雅的舞蹈，光艳绝俗的扮相，响遏行云的歌喉诸方面衡量，都已把京剧表演艺术推向绚烂的极致。

至于他在台下，诸如“器宇轩昂”“风度翩翩”等所有常用的形容仪表之美的词句，在表现他的风貌时都显得冗弱无力，以至让人不得不求助于善于状人风仪的《世说新语》。

楼梯下出现了一个老人的伛偻身影，正步履艰难地走上楼来。

这是梅兰芳，又哪儿像梅兰芳!川喜多暗暗吃惊，那弯拱的腰背，僵硬的腿脚，黧黑的面目，蓬乱的髭须，板滞的眼光，迟缓的行动，加上一开口就让人感到力竭声嘶的嗓音——这哪儿是千万人心中那位艺术之神的风姿!具有锐利观察力的川喜多惊讶之余，确有把握地认出这是先生。

高考语文实用类文本阅读----人物传记练习一二、吉林省五校高考高端命题研究协作体2016届第一次摸底考试语文试题阅读下面的文字，完成（1）～（4）题。

（25分）纳什：无常命运中的美丽心灵对于很多人来说，数学家可能是遥不可及的存在。

他们醉心于那个由各种抽象符号组成的世界，而似乎离现实很远很远。

《美丽心灵》以诺贝尔经济学奖获奖者约翰·纳什的经历为素材，讲述了一位患上精神分裂症的数学天才，在爱与理智的帮助下，逐渐痊愈的感人故事。

但电影毕竟是艺术抽象，它偏重于纳什博士与精神分裂症抗争的过程。

那么，他属于数学家的一面，又是如何呢？“这人是个天才。

”这就是纳什的硕士导师给他写的推荐信，只有一句话的推荐信。

约翰·纳什的确是个天才。

中学时代，他就开始在附近的大学旁听高等数学的课程了。

尔后，他得到了卡耐基技术学院的奖学金，攻读数学。

仅仅用了三年时间，他就完成了硕士学位。

哈佛大学与普林斯顿大学都向他伸出了橄榄枝。

普林斯顿提供的奖学金比较多，纳什认为这表明普林斯顿更看重他的才能。

“士为知己者死“，纳什选择了普林斯顿。

刚进入普林斯顿的纳什，不像电影描述的那个腼腆的天才。

相反，他属于骄傲好胜的类型。

他不爱上课不爱看书，相对于跟随前人的步伐，他更喜欢自己在数学的世界探索。

吹着巴赫曲子的口哨，他可以独自做上一整夜数学，不知疲倦。

但普林斯顿并不是只有他一位数学天才。

这些天才凑在一起，总爱分个高下，而像国际象棋和围棋之类的智力对抗游戏恐怕最对他们的胃口了，不像电影中描述的那样，纳什其实算得上下棋高手。

实际上，纳什当时研究的博弈论，正是一门以各种博弈为研究对象的应用数学分支。

当纳什在1950年发表对非合作博弈的研究时，博弈学界眼前为之一亮。

以此为题材，纳什完成了他的博士论文。

可是，此时纳什的研究兴趣早已转向更纯粹的数学领域。

甚至在他完成博士论文之前，他已经开始对代数几何——一个高度抽象的数学领域——产生了兴趣，并作出了一些开拓性的研究。

高考现代文阅读人物传记篇一：高考语文人物传记类现代文阅读强化训练(含答案)高考语文人物传记类现代文阅读强化训练（含答案）（一）下笔不觉师造化黄宾虹一生绘画艺术的大进展，多发生在他隐居的时期。

这并不是纯粹的巧合，无需应酬杂务的宁静生活可以让他深思内省，促使画作和自然风景、隐居生活进一步契合。

池阳湖画风之变是一次突变，源自他对江湖水光天色的写生，也来自他蓄积已久的思考，还来自苦涩现实对他心灵的影响。

其弟子王伯敏多年后还难忘他老师的教诲：“读书的人，要甘于寂寞。

寂寞能安定，定则心静，静则心清，清则心明，明则明白一切事理。

作画，墨是黑的，只要眼明心清，便能悟出知白守黑的道理，画便猛进。

”1929年的一件盛事是教育部在上海举办的第一届全国美术展览，南北国画家都参加。

此时在上海美专任教的黄宾虹参加了展出工作，并发表了评介文章《美展国画谈》。

文章提倡士大夫的逸品画格，以为不必求悦于人，人不知而不愠，才是真画者；还以为当时沪上流行的一种是细谨、工于涂泽的媚人习气，另一种是自矜才气、沦于放诞的欺人画风，以浮滑为潇洒、以轻软为秀润，真画者反不合时宜。

他希望画者能坚持避俗趋雅的操守，力求华滋浑厚的画风，不要因一时俗世弃取而改变。

黄宾虹一向以为书画同源，所以称作画为“写画”。

他以为上古时代书画不分，如伏羲画八卦，仓颉造字的一种主要方式就是象形，中国最早的文字中已有横线、纵线、弧线等线条形式；汉以后虽分书画，但仍是道归于一，三代以上笔法可从甲骨、古玉、铜器中求之。

他在1929年编辑的《滨虹草堂古印谱》里曾谈到古印上的籀篆文字：点画的肥瘦方圆奇正各不同，有助于绘画笔法；而结构的疏密、参差离合、抑扬顿挫、回环往复，更可见章法布置之妙。

所以，他作画时要置备金石拓本在案头。

他由古玺印这种上古金石实物、临近原始的艺术形式中悟出笔法要旨，认识到书法、文字、金石、绘画都是同一来源，即来源于自然山水，从而找到回归造化之路。

黄宾虹常提到古代书法家从观察自然中有所领悟，如在雨后看车行泥沼，车轮在泥中转动犹如笔被纸墨所滞却仍圆转，不疾不徐、不粘不脱，由此笔法大进。

高考实用类人物传记精选真题集训精选篇目1：科学巨人玻尔（ 2014年新课标Ⅰ卷）玻尔|科学家1927年，第五届索尔维物理学会议在布鲁塞尔召开，激烈的辩论很快就变成了一场爱因斯坦与玻尔之间的“决斗”。

这场辩论在三年后的第六届索尔维会议上战火再续，玻尔获得胜利，他所代表的哥本哈根学派因此获得了大多数物理学家的认同，他们对量子力学的解释也被奉为正统解释。

这次辩论就是著名的“爱因斯坦－玻尔论战”，有人称之为物理学史上的“巅峰对决”。

爱因斯坦和玻尔这两位科学巨人的背后，是现代物理学的两大基础理论——相对论和量子力学。

他们的争论旷日持久，几乎所有理论物理学家都被吸引并参与进来，乐此不疲。

尽管两人的科学理论和思想观点始终没能调和，但他们却结下了长达数十年的友谊。

玻尔高度评价他与爱因斯坦的学术之争，认为它是自己“许多新思想产生的源泉”。

爱因斯坦也称赞说：“很少有谁像玻尔那样，对隐秘的事物具有如此敏锐的直觉，同时又兼有如此强有力的批判能力。

他是我们时代科学领域伟大的发现者之一。

”与爱因斯坦更个性化的独自研究不同，玻尔周围聚集着许多杰出的理论物理学家。

他不但有革新的勇气，更是一位伟大的伯乐。

他为量子物理学培养和组织了一支创新发展的队伍，人们称之为“哥本哈根学派”。

后来的诺贝尔物理学奖获得者玻恩、海森伯、泡利以与狄拉克等都曾是其主要成员。

哥本哈根学派活动的大本营就是哥本哈根理论物理研究所。

该所是玻尔在1917年申请，并于1921年正式成立的。

他以著名科学家的身份为研究所做担保，筹集了大量资金。

在任所长的40年间，他以特有的人格魅力，吸引了世界各地的青年才俊，使研究所成为当时全世界最重要、最活跃的量子力学研究中心。

这里先后培养了600多名物理学家。

玻尔使这个科学家群体中的每个个体的力量发挥到极致，形成了以集体讨论和自由探索为特征的研究风格。

他还经常在此举办非公开的小型年会，邀请各国著名的物理学家出席，相互学习，启发交流。

高考阅读理解-人物传记类练习及答案Passage 1（2016 全国I A）You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams （1860-1935）Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community （社区）by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson （1907-1964）If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O'Connor （1930-present）When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator （参议员）and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks （1913-2005）On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tiredI was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.1. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A. Her social work.B. Her lack of proper training in law.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D. Her community background.2. What is the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.3. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A. Jane Addams.B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Day O'Connor.D. Rosa Parks.4. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated.B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers.D. They are peace-lovers.（2015 安徽B）When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity （团结）. To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn’t have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny’s mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elizabeth explains, “Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.”Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans’ corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.1. Helene tied several chopsticks together to show ______.A. the strength of family unityB. the difficulty of growing upC. the advantage of chopsticksD. the best way of giving a lesson2. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family ______.A. started a business in 1975B. left Vietnam without much moneyC. bought a restaurant in San FranciscoD. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles3. What can we infer about the An daughters?A. They did not finish their college education.B. They could not bear to work in the family business.C. They were influenced by what Helene taught them.D. They were troubled by disagreement among family members.4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. How to Run a CorporationB. Strength Comes from PeaceC. How to Achieve a Big DreamD. Family Unity Builds Success（2009 浙江E）Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at Photo 51. It wasn't much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel prize for figuring out what the photo really showed—the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Willkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.Her name was Rosalind Franklin. “She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden. “If her photo hadn't been there, the others couldn't have come up with the structure. ” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors.At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Crick tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA's parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King's College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule （分子）. The rays produced patterns reflecting the shape.But Wilkins and Franklin's relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick. Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant. But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.What she did was to produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return. “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place. ”As Franklin's competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklin was only two steps away from the solution. ”No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.1. What is the text mainly about?A. The disagreements among DNA researchers.B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.C. The process of discovering DNA.D. The race between two teams of scientists.2. Watson was angry with Franklin because she ______.A. took the lead in the competitionB. kept her results from himC. proved some of his findings wrongD. shared her data with other scientists3. Why is Franklin described as “Dark Lady of DNA”?A. She developed pictures in dark labs.B. She discovered the black X—the shape of DNA.C. Her name was forgotten after her death.D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.4. What is the writer's attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?A. Disapproving.B. Respectful.C. Admiring.D. Doubtful.Passage 4（2009 陕西B）When people hear a president speak, they seldom think about others helping to shape the presentation（报告）. Today, however, presidents depend on writers such as J. Terry Edmonds to help them communicate（交流）effectively. Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U. S. president; he is also the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for the White House. His is an all-American story of success.Edmonds grew up in Baltimore, Maryland; his father drove a truck, and his mother worked as a waitress. A great reader, Edmonds showed a gift for writing at his high school, Baltimore City College. After graduating in 1967, Edmonds went on to Morgan State University.Edmonds began his career in business, with jobs in public relations and communications. He joined the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman （国会议员）from Baltimore. During Bill Clinton's presidency, he wrote speeches for Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala and worked in a number of jobs in the White House and in governmental departments. President Clinton then appointed （任命）him to the office of director of speechwriting. Following the 2000 elections, Edmonds returned to Morgan State University as the school's special assistant to the president for 2001-2002.1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A. Edmonds proved himself to be good at writing at high school.B. Edmonds graduated from Morgan State University in 1967.C. Edmonds was the first full-time speechwriter.D. Edmonds served the White House after 2000.2. Edmonds entered the world of politics first as ______.A. news secretary for a congressmanB. a speechwriter for President ClintonC. news secretary in the White HouseD. a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala3. The text is most likely to be found in a book about ______.A. popular scienceB. historical eventsC. successful peopleD. political systemsPassage 5（2010 湖南B）When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, “Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn't work out, you'll have something to rely on.” Mary responded in typical teenage fashion. From that moment on, “the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course,” she recalls.The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her mom, “I don't know how to use a computer,” she admits.Unlike her 1995 autobiography, After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes（糖尿病）. All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation（JDRF）, an organization she serves as international chairman. “I felt there was a need for a book like this,” she says. “I didn't want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we're self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease.”But she hasn't always practiced what she teaches. In her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40 years ago, when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts（甜甜圈）. Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up—again—and take control of her diabetes, not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet.Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor, she refuses to fall into self-pity. “Everybody on earth can ask, ‘why me?’ about something or other,” she insists. “It doesn't do any good. No one is immune （免疫的）to heartache, pain, and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. I've come to realize the importance of that as I've grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”1. Why did Mary feel regretful?A. She didn't achieve her ambition.B. She didn't take care of her mother.C. She didn't complete her high school.D. She didn't follow her mother's advice.2. We can know that before 1995 Mary ______.A. had two books publishedB. received many career awardsC. knew how to use a computerD. supported the JDRF by writing3. Mary's second book Growing Up Again is mainly about her ______.A. living with diabetesB. successful show businessC. service for an organizationD. remembrance of her mother4. When Mary received the life-changing news, she ______.A. lost control of herselfB. began a balanced dietC. tried to get a treatmentD. behaved in an adult way5. What can we know from the last paragraph?A. Mary feels pity for herself.B. Mary has recovered from her disease.C. Mary wants to help others as much as possible.D. Mary determines to go back to the dance floor.Passage 6（2011 辽宁C）Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile（汽车）. But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the world's first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a car's parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line.In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Ford's most famous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself.The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left: the Winton and Ford's. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began.The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became well-known all over the United States. Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company. That sale was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream. Ford said: “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.”The Model T was a car of that kind. It only cost $850. It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers. Even criminals, they considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the Model T. They wrote stories and songs about it. Thousands of Model T's were built in the first few years.1. What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1?A. He made good use of ideas from others.B. He produced the first car in the world.C. He knew how to improve auto parts.D. He invented the production line.2. Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race?A. To show off his driving skills.B. To draw public attention.C. To learn about new technology.D. To raise money for his new company.3. “That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.A. the selling of Ford cars at reduced pricesB. the sale of Model T to the mass of peopleC. the selling of a car to a Detroit doctorD. the sales target for the Ford Company4. What was Henry Ford's dream according to the text?A. Producing cars for average customers.B. Building racing cars of simple design.C. Designing more car models.D. Starting more companies.Passage 7（2010 福建A）F. Scott Fitzgerald（1896-1940）F. Scott Fitzgerald, born on September 24, 1896, an American novelist, was once a student of St. Paul Academy, the Newman School and attended Princeton University for a short while. In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama, where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre. Then he had to make some money to impress her.His life with her was full of great happiness, as he wrote in his diary: “My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary.”This Side of Paradise, his first novel, was published in 1920. Encouraged by its success, Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing. Then he continued with the novel The Beautiful and Damned （1922）, a collection of short stories Tales of the Jazz Age （1922）, and a play The Vegetable （1923）. But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby, published in 1925, which quick brought him praise from the literary world. Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security. Then, in 1926, he published another collection of short stories All the Sad Young Men.However, Fitzgerald's problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing. During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life, but failed. By 1930, his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swissclinic. During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The Love of the Last Tycoon in 1940. While his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol. Sheila Graham, his dear friend, helped him fight his alcoholism.1. How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 82. Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald's life according to the passage?a. He became addicted to drinking.b. He studied at St. Paul Academy.c. He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.d. The Great Gatsby won high praise.e. He failed to reorder his life.f. He joined the army and met Zelda.A. f-c-e-a-b-dB. b-e-a-f-c-dC. f-d-e-c-b-aD. b-f-c-d-e-a3. We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald ______.A. had made some money when he met Zelda in AlabamaB. was well educated and well off before he served in the armyC. would have completed more works if his wife hadn't broken downD. helped his friend get rid of drinking while his wife was in hospital4. The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about ______.A. Zelda's personal lifeB. Zelda's illness and treatmentC. Fitzgerald's friendship with GrahamD. Fitzgerald's contributions to the literary worldPassage 8（2011 陕西B）Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.Born in September, 1897, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies' two daughters. Along with nine other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of Sévigné in Paris.Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using X-ray facilities（设备）to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. Irene continued the work by developing X-ray facilitiesin military hospitals in France and Belgium. Her services were recognised in the form of a Military's Medal by the French government.In 1918, Irene became her mother's assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taught him the techniques required for his work. They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later.Like her mother, Irene combined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity（辐射能）. Irene Joliot-Curie died from leukemia on March 17, 1956.1. Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal?A. Because she received a degree in mathematics.B. Because she contributed to saving the wounded.C. Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic.D. Because she worked as a helper to her mother.2. Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederic Joliot?A. At the Curie Institute.B. At the University of Paris.C. At a military hospital.D. At the College of Sévigné.3. When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born?A. In 1932.B. In 1927.C. In 1897.D. In 1926.4. In which of the following aspects was Irene Curie different from her mother?A. Irene worked with radioactivity.B. Irene combined family and career.C. Irene won the Nobel Prize once.D. Irene died from leukemia.Passage 9（2012 安徽C）When Frida Kahlo's paintings were on show in London, a poet described her paintings as “a ribbon （丝带）around a bomb”. Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City, Kahlo suffered from polio （小儿麻痹症）at the age of seven. Her spine （脊柱）became bent as she grew older. Then, in 1925, her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident. Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back. However, the accident had an unexpected side effect. While lying in her bed recovering, Kahlo taught herself to paint.In 1929, she got married to Diego Rivera, another famous Mexican artist. Rivera's strong influence on Kahlo's style can be seen in her early works, but her later works from the 1940s, known today as her best works, show less influence from her husband.Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s, even in her home country. Her first one-woman show in Mexico was not held until 1953. For more than a decade after her death in 1954, Kahlo's works remained largely unnoticed by the world, but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last.1. What does the phrase “a much bigger name” in Paragraph 1 most nearly mean?A. a far better artistB. a far more gifted artistC. a much stronger personD. a much more famous person2. The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by ______.A. polioB. her bent spineC. back injuriesD. the operations she had3. Kahlo's style had become increasingly independent since the ______.A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1970s4. What is the author's attitude toward Kahlo?A. Devotion.B. Sympathy.C. Worry.D. Encouragement.Passage 10（2014 山东C）Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves. At the age of six months she was acquired, along with her sister, by John Ashley, a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder. She became known as “Mumbet” or “Mum Bett.”For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family. One day, Ashley's wife tried to strike Mumbet's sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back. When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. With his help, Mumbet sued （起诉）for her freedom.While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. Eventually, Mumbet won her freedom—the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.Strangely enough, after the trial, the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Segdewick. Mumbet died in 1829, but her legacy lived on in her many descendants （后裔）. One of her great-grandchildren was W.E. B. Du Bois, one of the founders of the NAACP, and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.Mumbet's tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried. It reads, in part: “She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. She could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.”1. What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1?A. She was born a slave.B. She was a slaveholder.C. She had a famous sister.D. She was born into a rich family.2. Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys?A. She found an employer.B. She wanted to be a lawyer.C. She was hit and got angry.D. She had to take care of her sister.3. What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new consititution?A. She should always obey her owners' orders.B. She should be as free and equal as whites.C. How to be a good servant.D. How to apply for a job.4. What did Mumbet do after the trial?A. She chose to work for a lawyer.B. She founded the NAACP.C. She continued to serve the Ashleys.D. She went to live with her grandchildren.5. What is the text mainly about?A. A story of a famous writer and spokesperson.B. The friendship between a lawyer and a slave.C. The life of a brave African American woman.D. A trial that shocked the whole world.答案及解析Passage 11. A 细节理解题。

高考英语阅读理解分类汇编之人物传记类1.（2011·山东卷）AArthur Miller(1915-2005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller` s father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary,drawn like so many others by the“Great Americ an Dream”. However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early l930s.Millers' s most famous play, Death of a Salesman , is a powerful attack on the American system ,with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman , the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with his worth. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is n o room for sentiment : if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949 ,the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews ,and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics` Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut ,on the evening of February 10,2005,the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.56. Why did Arthur Miller' s father move to the USA?A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.B. He was attracted by the "Great American Dream.C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.D. His family business failed.57. The play Death of a SalesmanA. exposes the cruelty of the American business worldB. discusses the ways to get promoted in a companyC. talks about the business career of Arthur MillerD. focuses on the skills in doing business58. What can we learn about Willy Loman?A. He treats his employer badly.B. He runs the Wagner Company.C. He is a victim of the American system.D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.59. After it was first staged, Death of a SalesmanA. achieved huge successB. won the first Tony AwardC. was warmly welcomed by salesmenD. was severely attacked by dramatists60. What is the text mainly about?A. Arthur Miller and his family.B. The awards Arthur Miller won.C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced.D. Arthur Miller and his best-known play.【解析】：56-60:BACAD【语篇解读】本文是讲述了阿瑟.密勒的生平经历及他的代表作Death of a Salesman的内容及评价。

2017年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语阅读理解（全国Ⅰ）第1题DAnyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir（回忆录）of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent（独立的）spirit in their work.Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives（目标）that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools. 68. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?A. Top managers.B. Language learners.C. Serious educators.D. Science organizations.69. The words “hooked oh teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probabl y mean ________.A. attracted to teachingB. tired of teachingC. satisfied with teaching ?D. unhappy about teaching70. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?A. The University of Chicago.B. Stanford University.C. Ohio State University.D. Nebraska University.71. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ____________.A. he developed a new method of testingB. he called for free spirit in researchC. he was still active in giving adviceD. he still led the Eight-Year Study答案68. C 69. A 70. B 71. C68. 解析:这是一道推断题。

专题十三阅读理解之人物传记、故事类1.【2015·湖北卷】BWhat Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle.On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can〔装罐〕and preserve much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert.She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that every has the ability to control what’s on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.“I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor,〞she said.Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school.She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,〞 Loe said.Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.〞 Got an apartment with a balcony 〔阳台〕? Plant some herbs.A window? Perfect spot for growing.Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they’re very forgiving.〞 Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,〞 she added.“I think it’s a great place to start.〞“Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.〞Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does.With every planted food.Loe noted, there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor.“I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,〞 Loe said.“Canning for me is about knowing what’s in your food, knowing where it comes from.〞In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,〞she said, “that if we don’t take care of the earth, no will.〞55.The underlined word “prerequisite〞(Pare.1) is closest in meaning to “______〞.A.recipeB.substituteC.requirementD.challenge56.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?A.They are used daily.B.They are easy to grow.C.They can grow very tallD.They can be eaten uncooked57.According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?A.It can preserve their best flavorB.It can promote her online salesC.It can better her cooking skillsD.It can improve their nutrition58.What is the“the bigger picture〞 (Para.6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?A.The knowledge about good foodB.The way to live a grow-our-own lifeC.The joy of getting in touch with foodsD.The responsibility to protect our earth【考点定位】记叙文阅读【名师点睛】记叙文体裁特点是: 人不离事,事不离人。

实用类文学文本高考真题到达离祖国最近的一条公路，突遇日伏，他立即命令分散突。

激中，戴安胸腹中。

甸雨季，大雨滂沱，部既要突破日堵，需忍挨，穿越荒山密林，1942 年 5 将采薇月 26 日，他行至北茅邦村，戴安化，以身殉国，年38 。

弥留之，参戴安任第 73 旅旅后，回多年日作的教，定要取得利必依靠部属努他下一步的行路，他已不能，手指地，示意部从莫洛瑞江向北回国，又力，而部属的旺盛士气来自他的国情．他犄意抄民族英雄岳的《江》和文天祥的人扶着他面向祖国注久，安然而逝。

《零丁洋》，印各官兵背吟唱，激大家精忠国的国忱。

戴安牲后，体由官兵抬回国内，渡瑞江后，乃将体火化，骨灰装入小木箱，以了抗大，戴安摒弃党派成，国人士。

《自由》者宗祺仁前来采，与。

一情景感了沿途民众，一位老痛心地：“寿材么小，怎能配得上将的英他夜局。

探国共合作抗日的未来，两人很快成莫逆之交。

有人提醒戴安，名与地位？”随即捐出自的楠木寿材。

冲率全父老20 万人沿街跪迎将灵。

宗是共党，多加提防。

他坦然答道：“ 在是国共合作抗．何防之有？宗是否共党我不随后，国民政府追授戴安中将，美国斯福追授戴安懋章，国民政府在广西知道，我只知道他是新者，写多真感人的道，有卓越的解。

我正缺少的全州安葬式，中国袖毛派人送来挽：“外辱需人御，将采薇。

称机械化，国志士。

”几天后，他把自己的事著作交宗供仁修改并。

勇虎威。

浴血瓜守，倭棠吉。

沙竟命，壮志也无。

”周恩来、朱德等也敬献挽太平洋争爆后，中国决定派征赴句日作。

当命令到达，已升任第200 、挽。

新中国成立后，中央人民政府追戴安革命烈士，并以毛主席的名向属的戴安高唱《江》，并向官兵宣葛亮征的事迹，以“鞠躬尽弈．死而后已”的“革命牲人家属光荣念”。

精神激励官兵．赴途中，他激情，《征》二首以明志。

其一云：“万里旌旗耀眼开，（摘自茅海建主《国民党抗殉国将》等）王出境夷摧．鞭遥指花如，葛前身今又来。

”其二云：“策奔走八荒，征功相关接秦皇。

专题十三阅读理解之人物传记、故事类1.【2015·湖北卷】BWhat Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can（装罐）and preserve much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that every has the ability to control what’s on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor,”she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony （阳台）? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they’re very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,” she added. “I think it’s a great place to start.” “Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.”Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food. Loe noted, there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,” Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing what’s in your food, knowing where it comes from.”In a ddition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what weeat but understanding the bigger picture,” she said, “that if we don’t take care of the earth, no will.”55.The underlined word “prerequisite” (Pare. 1) is closest in meaning to “______”.A. recipeB. substituteC. requirementD. challenge56.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?A. They are used daily.B. They are easy to grow.C. They can grow very tallD. They can be eaten uncooked57.According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?A. It can preserve their best flavorB. It can promote her online salesC. It can better her cooking skillsD. It can improve their nutrition58.What is the“the bigger picture” (Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?A. The knowledge about good foodB. The way to live a grow-our-own lifeC. The joy of getting in touch with foodsD. The responsibility to protect our earth【考点定位】记叙文阅读【名师点睛】记叙文体裁特点是：人不离事,事不离人。