并列句、复合句大全
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并列句,复合句和连词
命题规律:并列句和复合句以及连词是中考的重点内容,也是中考的必考题。期中复合句考察的内容涉及状语从句,宾语从句,定语从句中引导词的运用
命题趋势:宾语从句,连词的使用,定语从句的引导词
一、并列句
用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。
1. 构成:简单句+ 并列连词+ 简单句
2. 常见的用于连接两个简单句的并列连词有:and,but,or,so,for。
(1)and意为“和,并且”,表示顺延、并列等关系。如:
Work hard and you can pass the exam.
= If you work hard, you can pass the exam.
(2)but意为“但是”表示转折关系。如:
He is rich but he is not happy.
(3)or意为“否则,或者,或“表示选择关系。如:
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
(4)so意为“所以,因此,于是”表示因果关系。如:
Kate was i ll so she didn’t go to school.
(5)for意为“因为”,表示因果关系。如:
I have to stay up late, for I have a lot of work to do.
3. 当连词and连接的并列句前半部分是祈使句,后半部分是将来时的陈述句时,其含义相当于由if引导的条件状语从句。这种句型还可以用or来连接,但意思不同。如:
Think it over, and you’ll find the answer.
=If you think it over, you’ll find the answer.
4. 其他的并列句
其他的并列连词有then,while,when,yet,not only…but also…, neither…nor…, either…or…, both…and…, as well as。如:
I like English while my brother likes Chinese.
二、状语从句
状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等,状语从句由从属连词引导,与主句连接,位于句首时,常用逗号与主句分开,位于句末时,其前一般不用逗号。状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、目的状语从句等。
的词叫做先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who (whom,whose)和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为:先行词+ 关系词+ 定语从句
1. 关系代词的用法
一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能作介词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语;who在从句中作主语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语;where在从句中通常修饰表示地点的名词,作地点状语;when在从句中通常修饰表示时间的名词,作时间状语;why在从句中作原因状语,先行词通常是reason,有时why也可用“for + which”代替。
(1)下列情况下,只能用that引导,不能用who或which引导:
1)当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。如:❝Is there anything (that) you don’t understand?
Tom told her mother all that had happened.
2)当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如:
❝He is the only person that can help you out.
(当先行词是人时,也可用关系代词who,whom引导。)
3)当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如:
❝This is the best book that I have ever read.
4)当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等修饰时。如:
I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.
5)当主句是以疑问词who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如:
❝Who is the boy that is playing football?
(2)关系代词的省略。一般情况下that,which,whom可以省略,但以下情况不能省略:1)关系代词that在从句中作介词的宾语时,不能省略,而且介词不能放在that前面,只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。如:
❝The woman that she talks with is her teacher.
2)关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词宾语时,不能省略。介词可以放在which,whom 之前,也可以放在从句中有关动词的后面,以使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。如:❝I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.
3)that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如:
❝Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?