下载文档原格式
第12课时简单句、并列句和复合句2015中考对并列句和复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上,如并列连词:and,but,or,while以及其他连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词,如:when,who,that,where,if等。
预计2016年中考将继续考查并列句,宾语从句,状语从句和定语从句。
另外对定语从句的考查将向深度发展。
根据语法形式,即句子的结构,英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
(一)简单句简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。
其他各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来,如五大基本句型:1. 主语+谓语,这种句型简称为主谓结构,其谓语一般都是不及物动词,如:Things change. 事物是变化的。
Nobody went. 没有人去。
2. 主语+连系动词+表语,这种句型称为主系表结构,其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词,但实质上表语成了谓语,如:Mr Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。
3. 主语+谓语+宾语,这种句型可称为主谓宾结构,它的谓语一般多是及物动词,如:We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。
4. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语,这种句型可称为主谓宾结构,其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词,两个宾语一个是间接宾语,一个是直接宾语,如:He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补,这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构,其补语是宾语补语,与宾语一起即构成复合宾语,如:I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。
(形容词easy作补语)I’ll let him go. 我将让他去。
(动词go用作补语)注意:有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语,甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语,这样的句子仍然是简单句,例如:China and other countries in the East Asia are developing rapidly.中国和东亚其他国家正在迅速地发展。
一．五种简单句1.主语+不及物动词(主+谓)He laughed.2.主语+及物动词+宾语(主+谓+宾)I like Chinese food.3..主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(主+谓+宾1+宾2)She taught them physics.4.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)We must keep the room warm.5. 主语+连系动词+表语(主+系+表)The weather is very cold.二．并列句He is a worker and I am a worker, too.He is very happy but his mother is very sad.上述两句地位一样，如同湖北的省长和湖南的省长一样，地位相等，称为并列句。
三．主从复合句If you are free, we will go to Beijing to play.前者地位低，为后面的主句服务，叫从句。
后者地位高，为主句。
两句合二为一，为主从复合句。
问题：主句与从句怎么辨别？四．从句种类很多。
句子成分划分：主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，补语，表语，同位语。
（8种）（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）-----名词性从句（定语从句）------形容词性从句（状语从句）------副词性从句Whether we will go shopping depends on the weather.( )He said that he wanted to go to town. ( )That is what I wanted. ( )Y ou are the man who I am looking for. ( )I will help you although I am not very rich. ( )The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true. ( )。
简单句-并列句-复合句(总3页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--简单句、并列句和复合句一句子可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句:1) 简单句:有时句子虽长, 但只有一个主谓结构, 仍是简单句, 例如:Yesterday we went to an exhibition on the life and work of Lenin, the great revolutionary leader of the working class.有时一个句子有两个(或两个以上)并列的主语或谓语, 也仍然是简单句There he was a leader of the student movement and took an active part in revolutionary work. Both the teachers and the students were very active in physical labour.Comrade Yang and I often study together and help each other.2) 并列句:一个句子如果包含两个或更多的互不依从的主谓结构, 就称为并列句。
He was always close to the people, and the people loved him.I didn't make any mistakes in the test, but my handwriting was poor.Some are walking by the lake, others are sitting on the benches and chatting.并列的各个部分(即各个主谓结构)称为分句。
各个分句用并列连词(如 and, but 等)连接；在上下文紧密联系的情况下也可不用连词, 而以逗号隔开(如上面第三句)。
高考复习专题融合串讲学案（简单句并列句复合句省略句）一.简单句简单句的定义：简单句就是由一个分句构成的句子。
在简单句中，分句和句子合二为一，从而结构合一，分句的成分就是句子的成分。
陈述句、疑问句和感叹句都可以在简单句中使用。
如：（1）In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States .你在来信中问到美国不同地区的时间问题。
（陈述句）（2）Is American country music about modern life ?美国乡村音乐写的是现代生活吗？（疑问句）（3）Wash your hands with soap at the end of your experiment . 在做完实验后要用肥皂洗干净你的双手。
（祈使句）（4）What a difficult case I must have been to this young teacher ! 对这位年轻教师来说，我是一个多么难教的学生啊！（感叹句）简单句的结构简单句包含一个分句，也就是一个“主语+谓语”（基本成分）的结构。
如：（1）It is a very slow task . 它是一项费时的工作。
（2）Flies and mosquitoes are very dangerous insects。
苍蝇和蚊子是害虫。
（主语并列）（3）He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer . 他在业余时间学法律，还当了律师。
（谓语并列）（4）The north has warm , dry winters and hot , wet summers . 北方有温暖、干燥的冬天和炎热、潮湿的夏天。
（宾语并列）二.并列句并列句（compound sentence）就是由两个或两个以上的分句构成、且各个分句地位相等的句子。
一、句子类型：1、陈述句：(1)语序：①②(2)否定形式：①②③always,often,much的否定形式分别是：never,seldom,little:He always asks for money.他总是要钱。
He never asks for money.他从来不要钱。
④think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,guess,assume⑤all,both,everybody,somebody,everything,something的否定形式分别为：⑥⑦⑧肯定句中表“推测”的must的否定形式：can't肯定句中still的否定形式：not…any longer:2、疑问句：(1)一般疑问句：①②一般疑问句的回答：③(2)特殊疑问句：①②③(3)(4)反意疑问句：①②③④⑤如果主句是由主语(I,we)和谓语(think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,⑥⑦⑧祈使句的反意疑问句：肯定祈使句表示“请求”用：will you:Let's引导的祈使肯定时用:shall we:Let us引导的祈使肯定时用:will you:3、感叹句：(1)一般感叹句：How+形容词(副词)+主＋谓＋其它！What+(a/an)+形容词＋名词＋主＋谓＋其它！(2)特殊感叹句：4、祈使句：(1)祈使句的种类：①②③④⑤(2)(3)祈使句的特殊用法：①②③(4)二、简单句：1、主语＋不及物动词：Evening came.夜晚来临了。
2、主语＋系动词＋表语：The students are on the playground.学生们在操场上。
3、主语＋及物动词＋宾语：The students clean the classroom every day.学生们每天打扫教室。
4、主语＋及物动词＋间宾＋直宾：The little boy is always asking the teacher questions.这个小男孩总爱问老师问题。
新教材高中英语学案译林版必修第一册：简单句、并列句和复合句1．简单句：只含有一个主谓结构。
简单句有五种基本句型。
(1)主语＋不及物动词(主谓)❶He swims.他游泳。
❷The girl is drinking.女孩在喝水。
(2)主语＋及物动词＋宾语(主谓宾)❸Children often sing this song.孩子们经常唱这首歌。
(3)主语＋连系动词＋表语(主系表)❹The bike is new.这辆自行车是新的。
❺The map is on the wall.地图在墙上。
(4)主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语(人)＋直接宾语(物)(主谓双宾)❻She showed her friends all her pictures.她向她的朋友们展示了她所有的照片。
(5)主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(主谓复宾)❼We keep our classroom clean.我们保持我们的教室干净。
[特别注意] 简单句只有一个主谓结构。
简单句可以有两个或更多的主语，也可以有两个或更多的谓语，但是句子中的主谓结构只有一个。
Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paid more and more attention to by people.计算机对人类意义重大，并越来越受到人们的关注。
(两个谓语，一个主语) 2．并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子，叫并列句。
常见的连词(1)表示并列关系：and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等。
(2)表示转折或对比关系：but，yet, while, whereas(然而，反之)等。
(3)表示因果关系：for，so等。
(4)表示选择关系：or，either...or...等。
❶I'm going to write good jokes and become a good comedian.我要创作出好的笑话并且成为一个优秀的喜剧演员。
简单句、并列句和复合句导学案【学习目标】1、了解什么是简单句、并列句和复合句。
2、熟悉简单句五种基本句型。
3、掌握并列句中表并列、选择、转折和因果关系的连词;4、了解复合句中的三大从句。
5、根据上下文的逻辑关系确定合适的连词；【预习导学】句子按其结构可以分为___________、___________、___________三类。
一、简单句：只有一个_______（或并列_______）和一个_______（或并列_______）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.（一）简单句的五种基本句型1、_______+_______（vi.）e.g. The caris running fast.Theyworked day and night.2、_______+_______（vt.）+_______e.g. Henryboughta dictionary.Wecan playthe piano.3、_______+_______（vt.）+双宾语（_______宾语+_______宾语）：e.g. My fatherboughtmea car.=My fatherboughta car for me.IlentLi Haisome money.=Ilentsome money to Li Hai.4、_______+_______（vt.）+复合宾语（_______+_______）e.g. Tommadethe babylaugh.Ifoundthe bookvery interesting.5、_______+_______+_______e.g. Heisa student.The dishtastesdelicious.注：其他各种句子都可由这几种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
二、并列句：由_______连词（and, but, or等）或_______（；）把_______或_______以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
（二）并列句的分类1、联合关系常用的连词有_______( 同，和),_______(=and just at this time 就在这时，然后), ____________________________( 不仅……而且…… ), _______________________（既不……也不……）等。
如：(1) The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.(2) I was just leaving when the telephone rang.(3) Not only did he give us a lot of advice, but also he helped us to study English.(4) Neither has she changed her mind, nor will she do so.2、选择关系常用的连词有______ ( 或者，否则), _______( 否则), _______( 否则), ______________( 不是……就是，要么……，要么……；或者……或者…… ) 。
如：(1) Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late.(2) You can stay here, or you can leave.(3) You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus.(4) Either you come to my home or I get to yours.3、转折关系常用的连词有but( 但是，可是), while( 然而、可是), yet( 可是) 等。
如：(1) He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes livelyand interesting.(2) I like tea while she likes coffee.(3) She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.4、因果关系常用的连词有_____（因为,由于）和_____（所以，因此）等。
如：(1) It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.(2) I’m busy, so I can’t go with you.三、复合句：包含两个或多个主谓结构，并且，其中一个主谓结构充当_____，另一个或多个主谓结构为_____，充当该主句的_____、_____、_____、_____、_____或状语，这样的句子叫做复合句。
复合句包含：名词性从句（_______从句、_______从句、_______从句和_______从句）、_______从句和状语从句等。
e.g. That she was chosen made us very happy.She did not know what had happened.The question is whether we can get in touch with her.We heard the news that our team had won.This is the house where I lived two years ago．The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.【高考考点】1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。
虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
2、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。
如：and, but, or, while以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。
3、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。
如：We will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow。
【实战演练】一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：I hope you are very well（）. I'm fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month here（）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（）Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（）. But he employs more men for the harvest（）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here （）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（）. Every evening we pump water from a well（）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（）.Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（）. These parties often make us very happy（）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（）. It's great（）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（）. Some of my friends drink beer（）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（）. There are five different time areas in the States（）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（）. How many different time areas do you have in China（）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（）. Please give my best regards to your parents（）.三、选择填空：1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.A. andB. orC. ifD. so2. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.A. thenB. butC. andD. or8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.A. andB. butC. soD. because3. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.A. orB. forC. whileD. so4. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so5. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.A. orB. soC. forD. yet6. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.A. was makingB. makesC. is makingD. made7. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.A. butB. andC. orD. yet8. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.A. Tell meB. If you would say to meC. You will tell meD. If you tell me9. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.A. sinceB. butC. becauseD. so10. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.A. TurningB. To turnC. TurnedD. Turn11. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish.---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.A. and, andB. and, butC. or, andD. or, but12. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.A. andB. soC. asD. but13. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?A. andB. thenC. orD. otherwise14. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived15. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A. whomB. whereC. whichD. while16. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave 17．Work hard，_______ you'll catch up with others．A．and B．but C．or D．for18．Be quick，_______ you'll be late for the football match．A．so B．but C．and D．or19．We bought Granny a present，_______ she didn't like it．A．but B．and C．when D．if20．That was our first lesson，_______ she didn't know all our names．A．for B．but C．so D．or21．The boy is only ten，_______ he can do some washing himself．A．though B．but C．or D．so22．He is listening to the music _______ she is washing clothes．A．after B．before C．that D．while23．He is rich，_______ he isn't happy．A．or B．so C．and D．but24．_______ Saturday _______ Sunday is OK．I will be free in these two days．A．Either；or B．Neither；nor C．Both；and D．One；the other 25．Mr．Zhang felt very tired，_______ he needed a good rest．A．and B．so C．or D．but26．_______ human beings（人类）_______ animals can live without air．A．Not only ；but also B．Both；and C．Either；or D．Neither；nor27．—Have you got any brothers _______ sisters？—I have a sister．A．nor B．or C．but D．for28．Jim is an American，_______ he can speak very good Chinese．A．if B．so C．but D．because。
