分译法练习答案
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翻译方法和技巧之分译法、合译法翻译方法和技巧之分译法、合译法 Division & Combination* 翻译英语句子时,有时我们可把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只稍加改变即可,但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
* 分译法和合译法是改变原文句子结构的两种重要方法。
* 所谓分译法是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。
* 所谓合译法是指把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。
* 一、分译法* (一)把原文中的一个单词译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
* 1.副词They, *not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本不回答,这是不足为怪的。
* 2.形容词* Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policyof “self-reliance”.* 毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”政策时,也许有些自豪感,这是可以理解的。
* That region was the most identifiable trouble place.那个地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家很容易看到的。
* 3.名词* A movie of me leaving that place would look like a shell leaving a rifle.* 我离开那个地方的速度之快,要是拍成电影的话,会像出膛的子弹一样。
* He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.他摇了摇头,双目瞪地圆圆的。
* (二)把原文中的一个短语译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
* 1.分词短语* She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner ofthe littlekitchen.* 她坐在那儿双手托着下巴,眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。
Unit 9 分译法1.The city boasts a beautiful lake. v这座城市有个美丽的湖,人人以此为自豪。
2.They relentlessly tear at the flowers they see. 他们见花就摘,毫不爱惜。
3.Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.伊丽莎白不肯再和这样一个女人说话,这个女人现在异常无礼,非常令人反感。
4.Strange enough, they were the same to the day.说来也真巧,他俩年纪一样大,而且还是同日生的。
(副词和介词短语分译)5.Characteristically, Mr. Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned.哈罗德先生没有表露自己的感情,只是察言观色,心领神会,这是他的特点。
6. They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复, 这是不足为奇的7. Their power increased with their number.他们人数增加了,力量也随之增强。
(介词短语的分译)8. The strong walls of the castle served as a good defense against the attackers.那座城堡的城墙很坚固,在敌人的进攻中起了很好的防御作用。
在例7中,译文中的“他”是话题,后面三个分句是述题。
例8的译文用了两个短句,“城墙”是话题,“坚固”和“起了很好的防御作用”是两个述题。
9.It is not difficult to gain general agreement that man–induced increases in the endangerment and extinction of wildlife ---- whether due to habitat alteration or loss, pollution, insufficiently regulated hunting, or other factors ---- are undesirable. 很难使人们一致认为:人为加剧野生动物的濒危和灭绝,不论是由于生态环境的变化或消失、污染、对狩猎控制不力,还是由于其他因素,都是不受欢迎的。
转译法1. Be through with the discussion about all the details before the contract is signed.在签订合同之前,务必要把全部细节讨论完毕。
(介词——动词)2. The economic indexes showed the 20-year or so reform has been a success.经济指数显示,30余年的改革至今是成功的。
(名词——形容词)3. A continuous increase in the trade volume of China’s exports has led to a continuous demand from some major developed countries of the increase in the value of China’s currency.中国出口贸易额度持续增加,已导致了一些主要发达国家不断要求中国货币升值。
(形容词——副词)4. The economic environment is characterized by buyers, sellers and competitors.经济环境的特点是买卖和竞争。
(动词——名词)5. The strategy targets a specific segment of buying public by carrying products only in a specific price range.该策略以消费群体中的某一特定阶层为目标,只允许经营特定价格范围之内的商品。
(动词——名词)6. The adoption of our company’s new set of equipment will greatly down the percentage of defective products.采用本公司的全套新设备可大大降低废品率。
翻译技巧分译法的例子1. 字面翻译(Literal Translation):原文:I want to go to the park.翻译:我想去公园。
2. 倒装句翻译(Inversion Translation):原文:Only when all the guests had left did she finally relax. 翻译:直到所有客人都离开,她才终于放松下来。
3. 逐词翻译(Word-for-Word Translation):原文:It's raining cats and dogs.翻译:正在下着猫狗。
4. 加注释翻译(Annotation Translation):原文:Many years have passed since that day.翻译:自从那天以来,已经过去了很多年。
5. 拆句翻译(Split Sentence Translation):原文:He couldn't believe what he heard.翻译:他不能相信他听到的。
6. 归纳翻译(Summary Translation):原文:She is good at playing the piano, singing and dancing. 翻译:她擅长弹钢琴、唱歌和跳舞。
7. 替换词翻译(Substitution Translation):原文:He is a talented musician.翻译:他是一位有才华的音乐家。
8. 填补翻译(Completion Translation):原文:She speaks Spanish as well as English.翻译:她会说英语和还有西班牙语。
9. 合并句翻译(Combining Sentence Translation):原文:The weather was bad. However, we still went out.翻译:天气很糟糕,然而我们还是出去了。
翻译技巧5分译法I、单词分译1.副词例1:They,not surprisingly,did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。
例2:The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪,这是合乎情理的。
例3:He is suggestively silent.他一声不吭,似有隐衷。
2.形容词例1:That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.那地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家最容易看得出来的。
例2:She wanted to find a lonely place to shed private tears.她想找个没人的地方,自己一个人哭一场。
例3;Alice and Mary stood in quiet sorrow for some time.艾利斯和玛丽伤心地站着,好一阵子谁也没有说话。
3.名词例1:He shook his head and his eyes were wide,then narrowed in indignation.他摇了摇头,两眼睁得圆圆的,接着又眯成一条线,脸上露出了愤怒的神色。
例2:Pressing down the button of the alarm-clock,he curled up for a last moment under the bedclothes.他把闹钟的按钮按下,蜷缩在被子下面,享受最后一刻的温暖。
II、句子分译a.含定语从句的句子:除少数情况这类从句都是长句。
英译汉中,如若不能将其译成合适的前置定语,一般分译成另外一个独立的句子或另一种从句,如状语从句等。
例He visited many places,in all of which he was received with the usual enthusiasm which attended his arduous labors.他访问了许多地方,到处受到热情的欢迎。
分句翻译法练习(1)一、副词分句练习1. But, then, nothing is easy.【译】不过话得说回来,这样算难的话,没什么事是简单的。
2. Frankly,are you interested in going?【译】坦白说,你有没有兴趣一起去。
3. Generally, we don't encourage students to do that. 【译】通常来讲,我们不鼓励学生那样做。
4. He was a small man,deceptively frail-looking for one with immense energy.【译】他个子矮小,样子很虚弱,简直不敢相信他是一个精力十分充沛的人。
5. Incidentally,I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can possibly get here in the United States. 【译】顺便提一下,我希望在这些国家得到的治疗能比我在美国这能得到的更好。
6. Luckily, she wasn't injured.【译】幸运的是,她没有受伤。
7. Obviously, they are divided among themselves.【译】很明显,他们内部发生了分歧。
8. Personally, I don't approve of the idea.【译】就我个人而言,我并不赞成这个想法。
9. Roughly,they fall into four groups.【译】大体上,他们分成四个组。
10. Seriously,I wish to work there.【译】说真的,我希望可以在那里工作。
11. They,not surprisingly, did not respond at all. 【译】他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。
第七节分译法分译division/splitting把原文句子中的个别词、短语或从句分离出来,单独译出,自成短句,或使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
例如:For a further explanation of examination-dreams I have to thank a remark made by a colleague who had studied this subject, who once stated,A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle.A movement of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle.我离开那个单人掩体速度之快,要是拍成电影的话,会像出膛的子弹一样。
(名词译成小句)Alchemists made resultless efforts to transform one metal into another.炼金术士企图把一种金属转变成另一种金属,这完全是徒劳的。
(形容词译成小句。
)His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.That he failed to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.ConciseConciseness因为他没有遵守安全规则,机器出了故障。
(名词短语译成子句。
)The west for a century dirt-farm poor and ignored by the more industrialized eastern provinces of Ontario and Ouebec that control Canada has lately begun to sway the nation‟s entire economic structure.一个世纪以来,加拿大西部是贫困的小农经济地区。
Unit 1翻译技巧(一)翻译概述1.把下面的英语段落翻译成汉语。
没有哪个政治体制是完美的;但是很多美国人都会告诉你,如果他们会嫉妒我们的一样东西的话,那就是我们英国传统的为期三周的大选,因为它的简洁就是一种仁慈----是对选民和政治家们双方的仁慈:他们拿它跟美国四年一度的总统选举中进行的那些耗时几个月的战争相比。
2. 把下面的汉语段落翻译成英语。
Someone has once prophesied that once cigarettes disappear from the surface of the earth, the whole world may be in chaos. This might be an exaggeration, but the danger of smoking should not be underestimated. Smoking is a curse affecting the whole globe. Let’s put foreign countries aside. China alone has hundreds of millions of smokers. Addicted smokers often say that it would be more difficult for them to endure the suffering of two hours without smoking a cigarette than a day without having meals. Smoking pollutes the air and endangers the health, consequently increasing the incidence of lung cancer greatly.Unit 2翻译技巧(二)直译与意译1. 用直译法翻译下列的词语、惯用语和句子:(1)开胃酒(2)水果蛋糕(3)童装(4)人工语言(5)门铃(6)访问学者(7)走下坡路(8)扣帽子/加标签于某人(9)随大流(10)overtime pay (11)peanut oil (12)rice flour (13)academic journal(14)woman editor (15)evening paper (16)tear up by the roots (17)get in by the backdoor (18)paper tiger(19) 必须注意到,电流是与每次电阻减小成比例地增加的。
1. Definition•Division refers to the splitting of a word (usually an adj. or adverbial) or a phrase( e.g. a nominal phrase, phrases of participles) from its original position to be a clause or a clause (an attributive clause, a sequential clause….) t o be a separate sentence.•冯庆华教授(2001:92)把分译法划分成―转句译法‖和―断句译法‖,认为二者都是把原文较长的句子拆开来说,不同之处在于前者指把原文中的一个词组或词语拉出来翻译成独立的句子,后者指把原文中的从句拉出来翻译成独立的句子。
•郭著章、李庆生(1996:93-96)认为分译法主要用于长句的翻译,长句的翻译是分译法的主要内容,但分译法也应该包括某些词语意义的分译。
•郭著章、李庆生(1996:95-96)认为―所谓一长句可分译成几句中的句子的含义是什么呢?此处所谓的句子不在于结尾处用句号,而在于有无主谓结构。
一般说来,含有一个主谓结构的语言部分就是一个句子。
‖2. Causes•Different ways of thinking and expressing. Linguistically, different collocation rules and complexity of sentence structures.树形结构vs 竹节结构•在句法结构上,英语讲究语法外形的完整,而汉语则侧重表意,不追求外形的完整性。
•英语句法结构被称为―树形结构‖——干上有枝,枝上有节,节外生枝,形态结构完整严密,―以形统神‖。
•汉语善于用词组和短句逐次排列,好比一根竹子,所以被称为―竹节结构‖——像竹节那样一节一节的,明快而简朴。
翻译技巧第六节分译法英汉两种语言的语法和表达习惯存在很多差异。
因此在翻译中既保留原文结构,又忠实于原文意思往往会有困难。
当二者不可兼得时,往往改变原文结构,保留原文意思。
为达到这一目的,常用的方法之一是分译法,即把原文的某个成分从原文的结构中分离出来,译成另一成分。
例如英文句子We tried in vain to persuade her to give up her wrong idea. 可以分译为“我们尽力劝说她放弃错误的观|点,但是没有成功”。
原文中的in vain是介词短语作状语,意思是“徒劳地(做某事)”,如果该句翻译为“我们徒劳地尽力劝说她放弃错误的观点”,不仅意思含糊,而且句子也不符合汉语表达习惯。
把它分译出来,意思清楚,句子流畅。
无论是英译汉,还是汉译英,都存在分译的问题。
处理分译的原则是,把原文中较长的句子成分,或者不易安排的句子成分分出来另作处理,一般译为短语或独立结构。
分译得当可以使译文在意思上忠实原文,结构上层次分明,语言简练明确。
就分译成分的结构而言,分译大体可以分为单词的分译、短语的分译和句子的分译三种情况。
一、英语单词的分译单词分译指的是把原文中的一个单词译成一个独立成分、从句或并列成分。
(一)单词词义分译英语有些单词一个词里包含几个语义成分。
译成汉语时,很难找到合适的对等词,将其词义一下全部表达出来。
这种情况下,汉译时可采用分译法分译英语原文,将其语义成分分布到几个不同的词语上。
例如:(1)The little girl twirled mechanically a ribbon of her cap around one of her fingers.这个小女孩老是把帽子上的一段绸带在手指上绕过来,绕过去。
此句中mechanically分作三处译出,即“老是”,绕“过来”,绕“过去”,使译文生动,意思完整。
(2)The maidservant inspected the dressing-table for dust with her hand.女仆用手抹抹梳妆台,看看有没有灰尘。
分译法练习36.He visited many places, in all of which he was received with the usual enthusiasm which attended his arduous labors.他访问了许多地方,到处受到热烈的欢迎。
他的艰苦努力是经常受到热烈欢迎的。
(此句原文中有两个定语从句,将这样一个英文长句翻译成两个独立的句子,意思更清楚。
)37.They try to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country. 他们企图扑灭反抗,结果反抗愈来愈猛,遍及全国。
38.But, occasionally, through haste and carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long.但是,偶尔也有这种情况,由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误,结果当天停业结算时,有的出纳会少了现金,而有的会多了。
39.But they had become nomads of the desert, living on the ground and under the sky, and they loved it.可是,他们都变成了沙漠里的牧民了,生活在苍天之下,黄土之上(风餐露宿)。
可他们也喜欢这中生活。
40. They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. 他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。
(分译副词)41. He tried vainly to talk us into agreement with the unrealistic proposal. 他试图劝说我们同意接受这项不切实际的建议,但还是白费了力气。
(副词的分译)42. No longer are the problems which they foresaw lodged safely in some distant future. 他们所预见到的问题,必须马上解决,否则今后就会出麻烦了。
(副词的分译)43. Jordan cannot politely turn down the invitation to an Arab foreign ministers conference. 约旦如拒绝接受阿拉伯外长会议的邀请,这在礼貌上也说不过去。
(副词的分译)44. She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking. 她自夸她有高超的烹调技艺,这是情有可原的。
(副词的分译)45. Characteristically, Mr. Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned. 海罗德与众不同,他隐藏着自己的感情,边看边学。
(分译单词)46. The powerful P.L.A. is an oddly unmilitary army. 强大的人民解放军是不拘军队礼仪的,这是罕见的。
或:强大的人民解放军是世界上罕见的不拘军队礼仪的军队。
(副词的分译)47. With the fear of imaginary plots against his leadership, hisself-confidence seemed totally to desert him. 由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导,他似乎完全丧失了自信,但所谓的阴谋只不过是他的凭空想象罢了。
(形容词的分译)48. The computer can give Mary the right lesson for her:neither too fast nor too slow. 计算机能给玛丽上课,上得恰倒好处,既不太快也不太慢。
(形容词的分译)49. One problem in trying to discuss my reporting is its sheer volume. 我的报告篇幅特长,要对它进行讨论,这就成了一个问题。
(名词的分译)50. Let us admit, and regret, that he honestly believes it impossible to differ from him honestly. 我们不得不承认,他真的相信凡与他抱有不同见解的人不可能是一个正人君子,这是很令人遗憾的事。
(名词的分译)51. At present, people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply. 现在人们都倾向于采取一种不偏不倚的态度来回答问题,因为这样做安全而不招风险。
(名词的分译)52. American prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels and write censored letters. 美国囚犯获得允许接受红十字会移送来的成包的食品,并且获得允许写信,但信是要经过检查的。
(分词的分译)53. He stalked away, but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast. 她昂首阔步地走了,心里半信半疑,感到十分苦恼。
(分词的分译)54. A cold that rapidly grew worse caused his unlamented return toParis. 他得了感冒,而且越来越厉害,便只好回巴黎去了,但对他的离去谁也没有感到遗憾。
(分词的分译)55. Mr. Brown is an old hand at business. He always succeeds. But occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes are made, so that his factory breaks. 布朗先生是做生意的老手,他经常是成功的。
但偶尔也有这种情况,由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误而导致他的工厂的破产。
(副词的分译)56. The government forbade students to take part in the parade, a rather difficult task. 政府禁止学生参加游行,尽管要做到这一点是相当困难的。
(名词短语的分译)57. With the increase of production the living condition of the common people is becoming better and better. 随着生产的增加,普通人民的生活条件变得愈来愈好了。
58. Strange enough, they were the same to the day. 说来也真巧,他俩年纪一样大,而且还是同日生的。
(副词和介词短语分译)59. To compare two types of the social system in this country, we should know its past in detail. 要比较这个国家的两种社会制度,我们就得详细了解它的过去。
(不定时短语的分译)60. He is too ill to have been anywhere but in bed. 他病得太厉害,不能行走只能呆在床上。
(分译动词不定式和介词短语)61. There are many kinds of atoms, differing in both mass and properties. 原子的种类很多,其质量与性质都不同。
(现在分词短语分译为独立的句子)62. Modest, unassuming, easy to approach, Premier Zhou soon put everyone there completely at ease. 周总理是那样谦虚,随和,平易近人,使大家很快无拘无束了。
63. For all its great size, the machine moves noiselessly. 尽管这台机器体积很大,运转起来却没有噪声。
(介词短语的分译)64. Their power increased with their number. 他们人数增加了,力量也随之增强。
(介词短语的分译)65. He sat in the front row, with his mouth half open, his head thrust forward so as not to miss any word. 他坐在前排,半张着嘴,伸长脖子惟恐听漏一字。
66. He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally. 他来到华盛顿,就国际形势来看,时机正合适。
(本例还出现了单词的分译,internationally 被分译为独立的句子)67. Sympathizing with the peasant uprisings, he praised the peasant leaders. 因为他同情农民起义,所以他赞扬农民领袖。
68. Why did they want a new leader? Partly it was because they deeply felt that Mr. Heath, for all his many qualities, was a born loser. 他们为什么想换一换领袖?这其中部分是因为他们深切地感到,尽管希思先生有许多优良品质,他却是个天生的败将。
69. This is an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the Chair. 这是一次精心组织起来的会议,城市大厅济济一堂,主持会议的是Strong 先生。
70. A lot of naked animals who attach such great importance to staying alive that they claw their neighbors to death just for the privilege. 都是些赤裸裸的畜生,把生命看得那么重要,为了自己能活下去,可以把邻居活活弄死。