09春欧洲文化考试试卷

欧洲文化复习题答案一、选择题1. 欧洲文艺复兴起源于哪个国家？A. 法国B. 意大利C. 德国D. 英国答案：B2. 以下哪位作曲家不属于浪漫主义时期？A. 贝多芬B. 柴可夫斯基C. 莫扎特D. 肖邦答案：C3. 欧洲的哪个城市被誉为“艺术之都”？A. 巴黎B. 罗马C. 维也纳D. 阿姆斯特丹答案：A4. 以下哪个节日起源于欧洲？A. 圣诞节B. 中秋节C. 泼水节D. 感恩节答案：A5. 欧洲哪个国家以其独特的建筑风格“哥特式”著称？A. 法国B. 意大利C. 西班牙D. 英国答案：A二、填空题6. 欧洲的______时期是文化和艺术的黄金时代，许多著名的艺术家和作家在这一时期涌现。

答案：文艺复兴7. 欧洲的______被誉为现代科学之父，他的发现对科学革命有着深远的影响。

答案：伽利略8. 欧洲的______是中世纪欧洲最大的宗教建筑之一，也是哥特式建筑的代表。

答案：巴黎圣母院9. 欧洲的______是现代奥林匹克运动会的发源地，每四年举办一次。

答案：希腊10. 欧洲的______是世界著名的音乐之都，每年都会举办各种音乐节。

答案：维也纳三、简答题11. 简述欧洲中世纪的封建制度。

答案：欧洲中世纪的封建制度是一种基于土地的权力和义务关系。

领主拥有土地，而农民则在领主的土地上耕作，并向领主提供劳役和税收。

这种制度形成了一种等级分明的社会结构。

12. 描述欧洲文化中对个人主义的重视。

答案：欧洲文化强调个人自由、独立和创造力。

个人主义在欧洲文化中表现为尊重个人的权利和选择，鼓励个人发展和自我实现。

这种文化背景促进了艺术、科学和哲学的繁荣。

四、论述题13. 论述欧洲文化对世界文化的影响。

答案：欧洲文化对世界文化产生了深远的影响。

从文艺复兴时期的艺术和文学，到启蒙时代的哲学思想，再到现代科学的发展，欧洲文化在艺术、哲学、科学等多个领域都为世界文化的发展做出了重要贡献。

此外，欧洲的民主政治制度、法律体系和教育模式也对全球产生了广泛的影响。

09春欧洲⽂化考试试卷Part I Multiple Choices (35 points)Directions:Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked ( A ), ( B ), ( C ) and ( D ) are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question by blackening the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.1.The __________civilization on Crete was a wealthy trading culture that existed from about 2600BC to about 1400 BC in ancient Greece.A. MycenaeanB. MinoanC. HellenisticD. Neolithic2.The Trojan War was caused when the Trojan prince Paris took _______, the wife of the king ofSparta, back to Troy with him.A. HelenB. ErisC. AndromacheD. Penelope3._________ is the period during which Greek culture spread throughout Asia Minor and the Middle East in the empire of Alexander the Great.A. HellenismB. the Classical ageC. the Archaic ageD. the Iron Age4.Herodotus’ books about the wars between _______ and the Greeks (490-479B.C.) were the firstsystematic histories to be written in the West.A. PersiansB. TrojansC. RomansD. Turks5.The Greek goddess of love and beauty is ___________, while in Roman Myths her name waschanged to Venus.A. HeraB. HestiaC. AphroditeD. Athena6.The Athenian thinker___________ called himself “a midwife to knowledge”who just broughtknowledge out of others by asking questions.A. PlatoB. AristotleC. EpicurusD. Socrates7. “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth…” is probably from ___________.A. the Old TestamentB. the New TestamentC. RepublicD. Antigone8.Next to Jesus, it’s generally believed that _________ is the most important person in Christianity.A. PaulB. PeterC. DavidD. John9.Persecution of the Christians ended in 313 A.D. when _________ issued the Edict of Milangiving Christians and others the freedom “to follow the religion which each may desire”.A. NeroB. ConstantineC. TheodosiusD. Augustus10. The ruling class of ancient Rome kept the Roman populace平民happy by distributing free foodand staging huge spectacles公开表演___________ and ____________ are the two major means of entertainment for ancient Romans.A. Gladiators；the Olympic GamesB. Theater; the Olympic GamesC. Gladiators; Chariot racesD. none of the above11. “Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud…it is nor easilyangered, it keeps no record of wrongs…” is probably from ____________.A. the New TestamentB. the Old TestamentC. OdysseyD. Utopia12. Plato describes his ideal state in the Republic, which is ruled by a group of carefully trained menand women, who are all___________.C. philosophersD. poets13. A dam and Eve’s first two sons were ________ and ________. They represent two forms oflife—the nomad existence, moving from place to place and the sedentary existence—looking after the fields.A. Jacob; AbelB. Cain; AbelC. Job; Is sacD. David; Saul14. Many of the modern-day Arabs recognize that they are the descendants of Ishmael, while theJews are descendants of Isaac — but all are descended from __________.A. JudasB. JacobC. MosesD. Abraham15. In the early clays of Christianity, it was a religion of _______.A. the richB. the poorC. the ruling classD. all people16. Both Judaism and Christianity are _________, refusing to worship any other god than their own.A. monotheismB. DeismC. PolytheismD. Atheism17.______ emphasized equality in human dignity and humanity, the acceptance of one’s fate, and theidea of divine wisdom in the world, which had a wide appeal to Romans as well as to Christians.A. StoicismB. EpicureanismC. ScepticismD. materialism18. ______, woman poet of Lesbos, is noted for her love poems of passionate intensity, some of which are addressed to women. She was considered the most famous female poet of the ancient world.A. CleopatraB. Dido19. The story of ______ in the Bible attempts to explain why people across the world speak differentlanguages.A. the Tower of BabelB. Noah’s arkC. JosephD. Samson20. Roman law consists of three categories: the “citizen law”, the “law of nations” and “_______”.A. civil lawB. moral lawC. natural lawD. criminal law21. In the Middle Ages, the church gained its income mainly from __________, which were payments of one tenth of everyone’s income.A. tithesB. taxC. paymentD. money22. ______ was the supreme head of the Catholic Church.A. ArchbishopB. PopeC. College of cardinalsD. Bishop23. The epic poem __________ is about a mighty warrior who goes to help his friend, whose people are oppressed by the terrible monsters and finally he killed the fire-spiting dragon as he dies.A. The Dream of RoodB. The Consolations of PhilosophyC. BeowulfD. The Book of Kells24. In 1054, the Christian Church was divided into ____ and the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. ChristianityB. the Roman ChurchC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Western Catholic25. Which of the following is not included in the Code of Chivalry?A. Loyalty to the weak.B. Fighting for the church.C. Telling the truth and be generous.D. Only fight equals in rank.26. The goal of the Crusades was_________.A. to re-control JerusalemB. to open path to ByzantineC. to regain the Holy land -PalestineD. to open trade route to the east27. _________’s work shows modern intellectual curiosity, in contrast to much medieval writing, and was known as Father of Humanism.A. MirandolaB. Fracesco PetrarchC. Ludovico AriostoD. Torquato Tasso28. “Knowledge is power” is one of the quotations from _________.A. John LockeB. Francis BaconC. Isaac NewtonD. Gotffried Wilhelm yon Leibniz29. The most important point in Descartes’ philosophy is _________.A. I think therefore I amB. I use my senses therefore I amC. I doubt therefore I amD. None of the above30. ________’s best known work is The Canterbury Tales.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. BoccacioC. Chretien de TroyuesD. Andreas Capellanus31. Boccaccio’s best known work, _______ is a collection of one hundred stories told by three men and seven women to pass the time when they leave Florence to escape the plague of 1348.A. On Famous menB. The Solitary LifeC. On Religious IdlenessD. The Decameron32. Who was not one of the trinity of Renaissance in Italy?A. Leonardo da VinciB. MichelangeloC. RaffaelloD. Botticelli33. Which of the following is not one of the tragedies by Shakespear?A. Romeo and JulietB. HamletC. Henry VIIID. Julius Caesar34. ______ translated the Bible into English, and later was destroyed by church.A. John WycliffeB. Jan HusC. Johannes GutenbergD. Martin Luther35. Thomas Hobbes’s _____ is one of the most celebrated political treatises in European literature.A. LeviathanB. the Advancement of LearningC. Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingD. Treatise of Civil GovernmentPart II True or False Questions (10 points)Directions: Read the following statements carefully and then decide whether the statement is true or false. Please write down T for true and F for false on the answer sheet.36.Followers of Jesus became known as Christians because they believed that Jesus was the Christ,or Messiah, prophesied in the Old Testament.37.The Academy was founded by Aristotle.38.Octavian Augustus was remembered for above all one thing—a long period of peace, the PaxRomana.39.The Romans showed they were citizens by participating in the polis in every way. For the Greeks,citizenship came to be a matter of pride and protection: the state protected you legally, but did not require you to participate directly.40.The most famous sermon of Saint Paul is called Sermon on the Mount in which he said “Ifsomeone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also; …Love your enemies…”41. During the middle ages, the church taught that people lived in a world of sin, that most peoplewould go to hell and only a few would be saved.42. The centre of trade and banking in the 17th century was in Mediterranean.43. Christopher Columbus was the discoverer of the New World and the American continent was named after him.44. Pico’s idea of freedom of choice is the starting point of all modern thinking.45. Descartes introduced the separation of mind and body into western thought.Part III Match the Items (20 points)Directions:In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding title or organization or work in the right hand column and put the number A or B or C etc. on the answer sheet.Section A46. Virgil ( ) A. The Golden Ass47. Homer ( ) B. Elements48. Aeschylus ( ) C. Medea49. Sophocles ( ) D.The city of God50. Euripedes ( ) E. Ten Commandments51. Euclid ( ) F. Aneid52. Julius Cesar ( ) G. I came, I saw, I conquered53. Saint Augustine ( ) H. Iliad54. Moses ( ) I. Prometheus Bound55. Lucius Apuleius ( ) J. Oedipus the KingSection B56. Dante ( ) A. The Holy City57. Renaissance ( ) B. Utopia58. John Locke ( ) C. Ars Poetica59.The Middle Ages ( ) D. Religious War60.Horace ( ) E. The Age of Faith61.Tomes More ( ) F. The mind is empty at birth62.Jerusalem ( ) G. Rebirth63.Knights ( ) H. The Divine Comedy64.Crusade ( ) I. Age of Science and Government65.17th century ( ) J. RomancePart IV Answer two of the following questions briefly on the answer sheet. (20 points, 四选⼆)1.In what important ways was Aristotle different from Plato?2.Please explain the relationship between Judaism and Christianity.3.What measures did the church take to increase its authority in the thirteenth and fourteenthcenturies?4.List the general factors that led to the Reformation.Part V Answer one of the following questions with no less than 120 words on the answer sheet.(15 points，⼆选⼀)1．What are the major contributions of Ancient Greeks?2. How do you understand Humanism?。

【典型题】中考九年级历史上第二单元古代欧洲文明试卷(及答案)(2)一、选择题1．下列法律文献中不属于《罗马民法大全》的是A．《查士丁尼法典》B．《法理概要》C．《十二铜表法》D．《新法典》2．《建筑与民主》一书中说：雅典人通常在半圆形的山坡上集会，确保每一个参与讨论内政、外交问题的人，不仅能看到发言的人，也可以看到其他出席的人。

这反映了雅典A．实行民主政治B．注重法制建设C．建筑水平高超D．文化繁荣昌盛3．古罗马文明是西方文明的另一个重要源头，起源于意大利中部台伯河入海处。

下列古罗马历史发展顺序排列正确的是①罗马共和国②东罗马帝国③罗马城邦④罗马帝国A．①②③④B．③①④②C．②①③④D．③①②④4．古罗马法律缜密，法律体系完备。

该法内容涉及诉讼程序、所有权和债务权、宗教法等内容，使量刑定罪有了文字依据，在一定程度上遏制了贵族对法律的曲解和滥用。

这部法律是A．《法理概要》B．《十二铜表法》C．《查士丁尼法典》D．《新法典》5．拜占庭帝国颁布了一部巩固奴隶主统治地位的法典，是世界史上内容最丰富，体系最完善，对后世影响最广泛的古代法律。

该法典是（）A．《汉谟拉比法典》 B．《唐律疏议》C．《十二铜表法》 D．《罗马民法大全》6．与“台伯河畔”“元老院”“屋大维”这些关键词有关的学习内容是A．古代埃及B．古代印度C．古代希腊D．古代罗马7．古罗马曾经三次征服世界,第一次以战争,第二次以宗教,第三次以法律。

下列属于罗马《十二铜表法》内容的是( )①诉讼程序②所有权③债务权④宗教法⑤契约关系A．①②③④B．②③④⑤C．①③④⑤D．①②③④⑤8．下图是九年级历史组教师集体备课时教师甲准备的一张反映雅典民主政治的图片，教师乙很快认为这幅图不符合雅典民主政治的实际，下列原因正确的是A．主持人应站立发言B．窗口有人偷窥C．开会人员都应摘下头巾D．与会人员不应有妇女9．《荷马史诗》是一部不朽的世界文学名著，它是A．研究早期希腊社会的重要史料B．阿拉伯帝国民间故事集C．古希腊的著名悲剧代表作品D．研究法国城市兴起的史料10．漫画是一种艺术形式，是用简单而夸张的手法来描绘生活或时事的图画。

2023-2024学年部编版初中历史单元测试学校 __________ 班级 __________ 姓名 __________ 考号 __________注意事项1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息;2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;一、选择题（本大题共计20小题每题3分共计60分）1.下列关于古代希腊罗马古典文化搭配错误的是（）A. 希腊神话——神人同形同性B. 建筑——雅典帕特农神庙C. 苏格拉底——原子论D. 历法——儒略历【答案】C【解析】根据所学知识可知德谟克利特探讨了物质结构的问题提出了原子论的思想 C 搭配错误符合题意 ABD项搭配正确不符合题意故选择C2.528 年东罗马帝国的皇帝查士丁尼命人将以往历届皇帝所颁布的法令删除矛盾和不合时宜的地方按时间顺序汇编成册名为《查士丁尼法典》后来又陆续编订了3部法典统称为《查士丁尼民法大全》这说明（）①东罗马帝国继承了罗马的文化②东罗马帝国重视法律的建设③罗马法在不断被完善④查士丁尼否认过去的罗马法律A. ①②③B. ②③④C. ①②④D. ①③④【答案】A【解析】结合所学知识可知《罗马民法大全》出现在东罗马帝国题干材料说明东罗马帝国继承了罗马的文化东罗马帝国重视法律的建设故①②符合题意从公元前5世纪中期罗马第一部成文法诞生到3世纪万民法成为适用于罗马统治范围内一切自由民的法律 6世纪汇编出《罗马民法大全》说明罗马法在不断被完善故③符合题意后来的统治者否认过去的罗马法律与题干材料不符故④不符合题意故选A3.下图所示内容反映的主题是（）A. 雅典奴隶制城邦的征服与扩张B. 斯巴达奴隶制城邦的征服与扩张C. 拜占庭帝国的征服与扩张D. 罗马共和国的征服与扩张【答案】D【解析】依据示意图信息“统一意大利半岛”“地中海地区霸主”这些关键词中提炼出的学习主题是罗马共和国的征服与扩张公元前509年罗马建立奴隶制共和国公元前3世纪初罗马共和国逐步征服了意大利半岛公元前2世纪后期取得地中海霸权成为强大的奴隶制国家所以D项符合题意而ABC三项均与示意图信息不符排除故选D.4.人类早期文明最先诞生于亚非地区的大河流域重要的有①古代埃及文明②古代两河流域文明③古代中国文明④古代印度文明下列有关它们的文明成就搭配不完全正确的一组是（）A. ①金字塔和象形文字B. ②汉谟拉比法典和楔形文字C. ③分封制度和青铜文明D. ④种姓制度和《天方夜谭》【答案】D【解析】《天方夜谭》是阿拉伯的文明成就不属于古代印度文明的文明成就 D配搭有误 ABC配搭正确故选D5.你一定看过奥黛赫本主演的《罗马假日》吧对于古罗马的历史你熟悉吗？下列选项与古罗马的发展命运相关的是（）①种姓制度②395年③公元前509年④马拉松战役⑤拜占廷帝国⑥凯撒⑦屋大维⑧布匿战争A. ①②③④⑤⑥B. ②③④⑥⑦⑧C. ②③④⑤⑥⑦D. ②③⑤⑥⑦⑧【答案】D【解析】①种姓制度是古印度的等级制度④马拉松战役出自希波战争它们与古罗马无关据此可排除含①和④的ABC三个选项故选D6.如下图古代文明成果的共同主题是（）A. 两河流域的统一B. 古代民主政治的发展C. 罗马帝国的辉煌D. 古代世界的民主与法制【答案】D【解析】观察图片可知这分别反映的是雅典民主政治、《汉谟拉比法典》和罗马法所以其共同主题是古代世界的民主与法制故D符合题意排除ABC故选D7.公元前333年亚历山大率军东征波斯击败波斯主力军取得决定性胜利的战役是A. 君士坦丁堡之战B. 马拉松之战C. 伊苏斯之战D. 萨拉托加战役【答案】C【解析】根据所学知识公元前333年亚历山大率领联军在伊苏斯之战中打败波斯主力军取得了对波斯的决定性胜利 C正确1453年奥斯曼帝国攻破居士坦丁堡拜占庭帝国灭亡排除A 马拉松战役是公元前490年强大的波斯帝国对雅典发动的战争排除B 萨拉托加战役是美国独立战争的转折战役排除D 故选C.8.德国哲学家黑格尔说“在有教养的欧洲人心中提到古希腊就会涌起一种家园之感”这是因为（）A. 古希腊思想家开创了哲学B. 古代希腊是欧洲文明的发祥地C. 古希腊文化遗产保存完好D. 古希腊文明产生于欧洲爱琴海【答案】B【解析】依据所学可知现代西方文明是由古希腊罗马文明发展演变而成的希腊文明和罗马文明共同构成了古代西方文明希腊文明是西方文明的摇篮西方文明人们常称之为蓝色海洋文明其特点是经济上以商品经济为主政治上拥有议会体制而具备这一特点的海洋文明最早出现在希腊半岛因而希腊半岛成为西方文明的发源地以后的西方文明在众多方面都承袭了希腊文明的许多因素因此希腊文明成为西方文明的发源地所以B项符合题意而ACD三项均不符合题意排除故选B9.“读万卷书行万里路” 近年来各旅行社推出的修学旅行火爆异常请你找出下列广告中不符史实的那一项（）A. 沿尼罗河而行解读象形文字领略胡夫金字塔和狮身人面像的壮美B. 品幼发拉底河烤鱼赏古巴比伦城遗址感受西元前的爱C. 帕特农神庙赏月克里特岛访古去雅典探访西方文明之源D. 参观罗马历史博物馆在众神殿看汉谟拉比石柱感叹共和国的魅力【答案】D【解析】对选项进行分析可知汉谟拉比法典产生于两河流域属于古巴比伦文明所以不可能在罗马历史博物馆中看到故D项说法错误符合题意ABC说法均正确故选D10.亚历山大帝国与罗马帝国征战产生的后果的相同点是（）A. 地中海成为内海B. 诞生了一种混合着希腊和东方因素的新文明C. 加强了同北欧、中国的交往D. 建立了地跨欧、亚、非三洲的大帝国【答案】D【解析】依据所学知识可知亚历山大帝国征战诞生了一种混合希腊和东方因素的新文明故B不符合题意罗马帝国征战使地中海成为内海罗马帝国征战加强了同北欧、中国的交往故AC不符合题意亚历山大帝国、罗马帝国征战产生的后果相同点是建立了地跨欧、亚、非三洲的大帝国故D正确故选D11.某班历史研究性学习小组开展以“蓝色的地中海文明”为主题的探究活动其搜集的主要参考书目应该是（）A. 《尼罗河畔的金字塔世界》B. 《失落的文明巴比伦》C. 《梨俱吠陀》D. 《雅典政治制度》【答案】D【解析】题干提供了关键信息“地中海文明” 依据所学知识可知在地中海产生的古代文明有希腊文明和罗马文明因此历史研究性学习小组应搜集的主要参考书目应是《雅典政治制度》《尼罗河畔的金字塔世界》说的是尼罗河文明《失落的文明巴比伦》属于古巴比伦文明《梨俱吠陀》属于古代印度文明故选D12.中国的神话作品《西游记》中的鬼怪大都是动物的形象如孙悟空、猪八戒、牛魔王等而在希腊的神话作品中大都是人形但二者都具有人的性格这表明希腊神话作品中的特点是（）A. 人形兽性B. 神人同形同性C. 神人同形异性D. 神人异形同性【答案】B【解析】结合材料“人形……具有人的性格”并结合所学知识可知古希腊的神话影响广泛特点是神人同形同性故B项正确故选B13.罗马古典文化丰富多彩是人类宝贵的精神遗产下列属于古代罗马文化成就的是（）①万民法②太阳历③儒略历④万神庙⑤《荷马史诗》A. ①②③B. ②③④C. ③④⑤D. ①③④【答案】D【解析】万民法是罗马法中调整非罗马人之间相互关系的法律①正确太阳历是古埃及的文化成就②排除儒略历是由罗马共和国独裁官儒略·凯撒采纳数学家兼天文学家索西琴尼的计算后于公元前45年1月1日起执行的取代旧罗马历法的一种历法③正确万神庙位于意大利首都罗马圆形广场的北部是罗马最古老的建筑之一也是古罗马建筑的代表作④正确《荷马史诗》是古希腊的英雄史诗是研究早期希腊的重要史料⑤排除故选D14.亚历山大东侵使两种文明发生了一次大规模的碰撞与交汇这两种文明是A. 希腊文明与古老的东方文明B. 伊斯兰教文明与道教文明C. 西欧文明与北非文明D. 古代埃及文明与古代印度文明【答案】A【解析】亚历山大东征使两种文明发生了一次大规模的碰撞与交融这两种文明是希腊文明与古老的东方文明马其顿国王亚历山大继承王位后历经十年（公元前334年--公元前323年）征战灭亡了波斯帝国一直打到印度河流域建立了空前庞大的亚历山大帝国这次东征使希腊文明与古老的东方文明发生了一次大规模的冲撞与交融开启了历史上的希腊化时代东西方文化的结合促进了当时自然科学的发展著名的科学家欧几里得和阿基米德都产生于这个时代 A符合题意综合上述分析可知BCD项不符排除故选择A.15.“亚历山大在所征服的地区兴建了许多城堡有些逐渐发展成经济文化中心使希腊文化传播到东方一种混合着希腊和东方因素的文明诞生” 材料反映了亚历山大的对外战争（）A. 促进了东西方文化交流B. 促使希腊文明走向衰落C. 促进东方文明走向衰落D. 促进东西方文化被毁灭【答案】A【解析】依据题干“亚历山大在所征服的地区兴建了许多城堡有些逐渐发展成经济文化中心使希腊文明传播到东方一种混合着希腊和东方因素的文明诞生”的信息结合所学知识可知亚历山大东征客观上也促进了东西方之间的联系双方贸易往来更加频繁许多希腊人移民到了西亚其生活方式、风俗、语言和文字由此传入东方同时西方也从东方汲取了不少文化养分 A项符合题意CBD三项的说法与题干的内容不相符不符合题意故选A16.分析“古代雅典居民结构比例图”（下图）对于雅典民主与居民的政治联系下列说法正确的是（）A. 超半数的居民能享受雅典民主B. 外邦人享有雅典最广泛的民主C. 少数奴隶主贵族独享雅典民主D. 雅典民主的社会基础为自由民【答案】D【解析】题干材料是一幅包括自由民、外邦人和奴隶的古代雅典居民结构比例图根据所学可知雅典所有成年男性公民都可以参加最高权力机构——公民大会决定内政、外交、战争等重大问题但妇女、外邦人和奴隶无权享有这种民主据此可知雅典民主的社会基础为自由民（成年男性公民）故D正确该图显示超半数的居民是奴隶在雅典的民主政治中奴隶是没有民主权利的故A选项错误在雅典的民主政治中外邦人是没有民主权利的故B选项错误古代雅典的民主是本邦成年男性公民的民主故C选项错误故选D17.“吾爱吾师吾更爱真理”中的“吾”和“吾师”分别是（）A. 亚里士多德柏拉图B. 柏拉图亚里士多德C. 德谟克利特苏格拉底D. 苏格拉底德谟克利特【答案】A【解析】依据所学可知“吾爱吾师吾更爱真理”这句话出自于亚里士多德强调了追求学问的过程中不能盲从而要坚持真理亚里士多德曾经师从柏拉图所以“吾”和“吾师”分别是亚里士多德和柏拉图 A项符合题意柏拉图是鼓励人们独立思考德谟克利特提出了“原子论” 苏格拉底是“认识你自己” 由此分析BCD三项不符合题意故选A18.现代人类文明基于过去各种族各区域的文明冲撞和交融．下列选项中性质相同的是（）①希波战争②亚历山大东征③马可•波罗来华④罗马的扩张A. ①②③B. ①③④C. ①②④D. ②③④【答案】C【解析】题干材料中说明现代人类文明基于过去各种族各区域的文明冲撞和交融设问考查下列性质相同的选项①希波战争②亚历山大东征和④罗马的扩张都属于暴力战争与征服而③马可•波罗来华则属于和平交往故选C19.亚历山大东征开启了东西方文化大规模交融的新时代这说明（）A. 战争在一定程度上促进了文明的传播与发展B. 人类文明发展的动力来自战争C. 地区冲突导致文明衰落D. 和平交往促进文明的交融【答案】A【解析】亚历山大东征使希腊文明与古老的方文明发生一次大规模的冲撞与交融伴随着亚历山大的东征希腊的文化逐渐传播到了东方而东方文化也逐渐渗入到了到希腊文化之中促进了东西方文化的交流和融合开启了历史上的希腊化时代亚历山大东征开启了东西方文化大规模交融的新时代这说明战争在一定程度上促进了文明的传播与发展20.理清历史发展线索可以帮助你比较直观地了解一个国家的发展情况下列事件均与古代罗马有关它们发生的先后顺序是（）A. ①②③④B. ④②③①C. ①④②③D. ①③②④【答案】C【解析】二、材料分析题（本大题共计5小题每题15分共计75分）21.（1）上面图一、图二反映了哪两种文明类型？它们各自有何特点？材料二古代世界的许多重大战争都曾突破地域界限导致不同区域联系的加强出现经济、文化的大交流和大融合不自觉地充当了文明传播与交流的工具21.（2）请举例对材料二所述观点加以说明材料三21.（3）上面历史文化遗址分别是哪个古代文明的代表性成就？【答案】（1）类型图一是大河文明图二是海洋文明特点大河文明发源于大河流域以农业生产为主实行君主专制制度海洋文明起源于海洋以工商业为主实行奴隶制民主政治【解析】（1）图一反映了古代两河流域的巴比伦文明图二反映了古希腊文明前者属于大河文明后者属于海洋文明大河文明发源于大河流域以农业生产为主实行君主专制制度海洋文明起源于海洋以工商业为主实行奴隶制民主政治【答案】（2）亚历山大东征促进了东西方文化的大交汇加强了东西方之间的经济联系和贸易往来罗马帝国通过不断的对外扩张版图横跨欧、亚、非三洲促进了东西方文化的交流阿拉伯帝国的版图横跨亚、欧、非三大洲伴随着帝国扩张伊斯兰教向外广泛传播阿拉伯人起了沟通东西方文化的作用为世界文化的发展作出了卓越贡献中国的造纸术、指南针、火药等重大发明和印度的棉花、食糖等都是由阿拉伯人传入欧洲的【解析】（2）依据材料二“古代世界的许多重大战争都曾突破地域界限……不自觉地充当了文明传播与交流的工具“可知材料二的观点是战争征服或暴力冲突是古代文明交往的方式之一结合所学知识相关的例子有亚历山大东征促进了东西方文化的大交汇加强了东西方之间的经济联系和贸易往来罗马帝国通过不断的对外扩张版图横跨欧、亚、非三洲促进了东西方文化的交流阿拉伯帝国的版图横跨亚、欧、非三大洲伴随着帝国扩张伊斯兰教向外广泛传播阿拉伯人也起了沟通东西方文化的作用为世界文化的发展作出了卓越贡献等等【答案】（3）图三古代埃及图四古代印度图五古代希腊图六古代罗马【解析】（3）依据材料三和所学知识图三金字塔属于古埃及文明图四摩亨佐达罗遗址属于古印度文明图五帕特农神庙遗址属于古希腊文明图六大竞技场遗址属于古罗马文明22.（1）图1是哪一大河流域文明的典型代表？图2石柱上雕刻的是哪一部法典？并指出这部法典的地位22.（2）图3反映了古代印度的等级制度这一制度的名称是什么？佛教的创始人在当时属于哪一等级？22.（3）图4中的场景出现在古希腊哪个重要城邦？该城邦最突出的贡献是什么？22.（4）通过对比上述两种政治制度你觉得“如今有个趋势” 这个“趋势”是什么？【答案】（1）流域尼罗河流域法典《汉谟拉比法典》地位是迄今已知世界上第一部较为完整的成文法典【解析】（1）依据材料的图1、图2内容和所学知识可知图1中的金字塔是古埃及国王法老的陵墓是尼罗河流域文明的典型代表图2石柱上雕刻的是《汉谟拉比法典》《汉谟拉比法典》是迄今已知世界上第一部较为完整的成文法典【答案】（2）制度种姓制度等级刹帝利【解析】（2）依据图3及所学知识可知图3反映了古代印度的等级制度这一制度的名称是种姓制度第一等级婆罗门（祭司、贵族）掌握神权第二等级刹帝利（国王、武士、官吏）把持国家军事行政大权第三等级吠舍（农民、牧民、手工业者、商人）向国家纳税向神庙上供供养第一、第二等级第四等级首陀罗（被征服者、贫困破产失去土地的人）几乎没有权利受奴隶主阶级的剥削干最低贱的职业乔达摩·悉达多是释迦族的王子属于刹帝利【答案】（3）城邦雅典贡献奴隶制民主政治发展到高峰【解析】（3）依据图4的内容及所学知识可知古代希腊半岛是西方文明的发源地雅典是希腊最重要的城邦之一公元前5世纪中后期伯里克利主政时期雅典奴隶主民主政治发展到高峰当时雅典全体成年男性公民可以参加最高权力机构公民大会【答案】（4）趋势由专制走向民主【解析】（4）通过对比上述两种政治制度依据所学知识可知图1至图3都是奴隶社会奴隶主专制制度的产物根据材料二“现代民主制度的源头”可知是雅典雅典民主开民主政治的先河所以这个“趋势”指从专制走向民主23.（1）依据材料一概括出罗马的精神是什么？罗马建立共和国的时间在哪一年？哪次奴隶起义促使罗马共和国进一步衰落？23.（2）材料二中罗马人第一次用刀剑征服世界建立的罗马帝国在2世纪时版图达到了哪里？罗马人第二次征服世界时借助了宗教的传播写出基督教的创立者和诞生地区罗马人第三次征服世界是用法律的力量写出在公元前450年左右颁布的成文法典及历史意义23.（3）促使罗马帝国灭亡的是哪一外族的入侵？【答案】（1）果敢刚直公元前509年斯巴达克起义【解析】（1）根据材料“果敢刚直的罗马精神”可概括出罗马精神是果敢刚直结合所学知识可知公元前509年罗马建立了共和国公元前73年斯巴达克发动奴隶起义在斯巴达克起义的沉重打击下罗马共和国进一步衰落【答案】（2）欧洲、亚洲、非洲耶稣巴勒斯坦地区《十二铜表法》使量刑定罪有了文字依据在一定程度上遏制了贵族对法律的曲解和滥用【解析】（2）结合所学知识可知 2世纪罗马帝国进入黄金时期帝国的版图横跨欧、亚、非三洲结合所学知识可知公元1世纪基督教发源于罗马的巴勒斯坦省它的创立者是耶稣公元前5世纪中期《十二铜表法》颁布《十二铜表法》基本上仍是按旧有习惯法制定还是维护贵族奴隶主的利益但它对奴隶主私有制、家长制、继承、债务和刑法、诉讼程序等方面都作了规定限制了贵族法官随心所欲地解释法律的权力【答案】（3）日耳曼人【解析】（3）结合所学知识可知 4世纪末罗马帝国分裂为东西两个帝国 476年西罗马帝国在日耳曼人的打击下灭亡24.（1）材料一属于大河文明材料二属于海洋文明结合所学知识分别指出其突出经济特征并说明造成这种古代文明差异的主要因素24.（2）根据材料三和所学知识用史实说明东、西方文明是如何“相互影响”的？24. （3）人类文明呈现多样性(多元化) 又有相对独立性面对不同文明,我们应该持怎样的态度?【答案】（1）特征材料一农业发达材料二工商业发达因素地理环境不同【解析】（1）第一小问根据材料一“河南辉县出土的战国铁犁和汉代经济区分布图”结合所学知识可知中国发源于黄河流域农业发展很快铁农具的使用是农业生产力水平提高的标志根据材料二“古代雅典的舰船和古希腊城邦分布图”并结合所学知识可知古代雅典发源于地中海以海洋为中心造船业发达商业发展迅速由此可知两种文明突出的经济特征是中国农业发达古希腊工商业发达第二小问结合所学知识可知造成这种古代文明差异的主要因素是地理环境【答案】（2）东方影响西方中国四大发明和阿拉伯数字对欧洲的影响世界三大宗教的传播中医中药对西方的影响等西方影响东方近代以来西方工业文明对世界的影响等【解析】（2）根据材料三“人类文明的发展却无可置疑地是多线条的每种文明都有其独特的历史发展过程……同时在发展的过程中又相互交流、相互影响、相互吸收、相互融合”并结合所学知识可知东方影响西方中国四大发明和阿拉伯数字对欧洲的影响世界三大宗教的传播中医中药对西方的影响等西方影响东方近代以来西方工业文明对世界的影响等【答案】（3）面对不同地区的文明应尊重和相互学习面对不同文明应取其精华去其糟粕【解析】（3）本题属于开放性试题学生只要言之有理即可比如面对不同地区的文明应尊重和相互学习面对不同文明应取其精华去其糟粕25.（1）材料一中所提到的“政权”的最高权力机构是什么？如何评价这种制度？材料二法典仍然承认奴隶制但在一定程度上改善了奴隶的地位不再像以前那样把奴隶看作是“会说话的工具” 还对财产、买卖、债务、契约关系等作出明确规定25.（2）材料二中的法典指的是哪一部法典？它对欧洲法制进程发展有什么影响？【答案】公民大会政权掌握在全体公民手中基本上实现了公民在法律面前的人人平等妇女、儿童、奴隶没有民主权利民主权利只属于少数雅典人是奴隶主的民主制度【解析】材料一中所提到的“政权”是雅典雅典的最高权力机构是公民大会雅典的政权掌握在全体公民手中基本上实现了公民在法律面前的人人平等妇女、儿童、奴隶没有民主权利民主权利只属于少数雅典人是奴隶主的民主制度【答案】《罗马民法大全》奠定了欧洲民法的基础【解析】据材料二“法典仍然承认奴隶制但在一定程度上改善了奴隶的地位不再像以前那样把奴隶看作是‘会说话的工具’ 还对财产、买卖、债务、契约关系等作出明确规定”可知材料二中的法典指的是《罗马民法大全》它对欧洲法制进程发展的影响是奠定了欧洲民法的基础。

《欧洲文化入门》复习题I. Complete each of following sentences with the most likely answer. (考30题，每题1分)1.In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece.th century C. 146 B. C. D. The 5A. 1200 B. C. B. 700 B. C.2.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?Oedipus the King Iliad Odyssey Antigone D. B. C.A.3.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomanD. Oedipus theKing5.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras6.Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of all things”?A. ProtagorasB. PythagorasC. PyrrhonD. Epicurus11.Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”?A. HoraceB. Julius CaesarC. VirgilD. Marcus Tullius CiceroOn the Nature of things is 12.The author of the philosophical poem___________.A. VirgilB. Julius CaesarC. HoraceD. Lucretius13.Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A. The ColosseumB. The PanthenonC. The ParthenonD. Pont du Gard14.Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”?A. SapphoB. PlatoC. VirgilD. Horace15.Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?_______A. BuddismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD. Judaism16.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called __________.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentaeuch19.After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China.A. sixthB. fifthC. secondD. third20.Which of the following emperors made Christianity the officialreligion of the empire and outlawed all other religions? __________ A. Theodosius B. Augustus C. Constantine I D. Nero Caesar21.Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313? __________A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD. ConstantineI22.At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. John Wycliff23.By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in_________languages.A. 228B. 974C. 1202D. 15424.When printing was invented in the 1500's, the _______ Bible was the first complete work printed.A. EnglishB. LatinC. AramaicD. Hebrew25.When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? _______A. 1885B. 1611C. 1901D. 197927.The Middle Ages is also called the _________.A. “Age of Christianity”B. “Age of Literature”C. “Age of Holy Spirit”D. “Age of Faith”28.According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight? _______A. To be loyal to his lordB. To fight for the churchC. To obey without question the orders of the abbotD. To respect women of noble birth29.When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe?_______A. At the age of 14.B. When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errands for the ladies.C. At a special ceremony known as dubbing.D. When he was pledged to fight for the church.30.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?________A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs31.By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian strongholdand won the crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________D. 1291A. 1270 B. 1254 C. 109637.Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800? ______A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King JamesOpus Maius? ________38.Who is the author of theA. Roger BaconB. Dante AlighieriC. ChaucerD. St. Thomas Aquinas41.Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______Decameron Canzoniers David D. C. A. B.Moses42.Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________A. GiottoB. BrunelleschiC. DonatelloD. Giorgione43.Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting? _______A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD.Michelangelo44.Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madona (Virgin Mary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael45.Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ________ Tempesta Sacred and Profane Love B. A. Flight into Egypt The Return of the D. C. Hunters52.Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises the greatness of man, expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning? _______Gargantua and Pantagruel Don Quixote B. A. The Praise of Folly Utopia D. C.53.Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne's humanistideas and a style which is easy and familiar? ________Sonnets Decameron Rabelais Of Repentance D. C. A. B.54.Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _______A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD. Montaigne55.In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament?_________A. BruegelB. ErasmusC. El GrecoD. RabelaisThe Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs is _______? 58.The author ofA. KeplerB. CopernicusC. GalileoD. Newtonth century. His 59.Galileo is the greatest name in the physics of the 17telescope magnified objects _______.A. a thousand timesB. a hundred timesC. ten-thousand timesD. five-hundred times60.Engels said: “The revolutionary act by which natural science declared its independence… was the publication of the immortal work…”, what does the immortal work refer to ?_______A. Sidereus NunciusB. New Eassays Concerning Human UnderstandingC. New system of NatureD. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs65. ________ and Newton invented independently the differential and integral calculus.A. DescartesB. CopernicusC. LeibnizD. Kepler66.Which of the following works was not written by Francis Bacon? ________A. Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingB. The Novum Organum (New Method)C. The New AtlantisD. The Advancement of Learning67.Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish by nature? _______A. John LockeB. DescartesC. Pierre GassendiD. Thomas Hobbes68.In 1644, John Milton wrote a protest against a parliamentary decree re-imposing complete censorship of the press. This was his best known prose ______.Andromaque Areopagitica B. A.Paradise Lost Paradise RegainedD. C.69.Which of the following is NOT the content of the Bill of Rights which limited the Sovereign's power in certain important directions?________A. Parliament was responsible for all the law making.B. The power of suspending the laws by royal authority was declaredto be illegal.C. The King should levy no money at any time.D. The King should not keep a standing army in time of peace without consent of Parliament.78.Which of the following artists helped to bring the Roman Baroque style to its climax? ______A. RubensB. BorrominiC. CaravaggioD. Bernini79.Which of the following artists helped to spread the Baroque style toNorth Europe? ______A. RubensB. VelazquezC. BorrominiD. Berninith century, who won international the 17fame and his style of 80.In painting is basically classical, his figures are frozen and their action stiff? _____A. Christopher WrenB. RembrandtC. PoussinD. RubbensII. Fill in the following blanks. （考10空，每空1分）1.European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements are considered to be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman elementand the Judeo-Christian element.2.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus,Sophocles, and Euripides.3.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to havetold the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from 4.In the 4Rome to Byzantium, renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ).5.She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Roman.6.Among all the religions by which people seek to worship, Christianityis by far the most influential in the West.7.The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament.8.In European history, the thousand year period following the fall of the West Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.9.As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed.10.Under feudalism, people of Western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy, lords and peasants.11.To express their religious feelings, many people in the Middle Ages went on journeys to sacred places where early Christian leaders had lived. The most important of all was Jerusalem.Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originating 12. from the collective efforts of oral literature.13.Loenardo da Vinci's major works: Last Supper is the most famous ofreligious pictures; Mona Lisa probably is the world's most famousportrait.14.The Reformation led by Martin Luther which swept over the whole ofEurope was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the RomanCatholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of theBible.15.Cervantes crowned literature of Spain and Shakespeare of Englandduring the Renaissance.16.The Puritan Movement was the religious cause of the English Revolution.17.Corneille, Racine, and Moliere are the three major dramatists of the French neoclassicism in the 17th century.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.（考10题，每题1分）1.Diogenes is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “ man is the measureof all things.” F2.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. T3.Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920. F4.Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commerciallaw in many Western countries. T5.The Romans greatly admired Greek works and freely borrowed from them. And besides being profound, powerful and beautiful, their own writings showed little originality. F6.After 392 A.D., Christianity had changed from an object of oppressionto a weapon in the hands of the ruling class to crush their opponents.T7.The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of greatminds. T8.The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew, the New Testamentin a popular form of Latin. F9.During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was feudalism.F10.Some of the hermits were great scholars known as “ Father of the Church”, whose work is generally considered orthodox. T11.Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times and eventually was crowned “ Emperor of the Romans” by himselfin 800. F12.Where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama. T13. After Reformation, in religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church. T14.The Cartesian doubt is summarized in his motto: “ I doubt, thereforeI think: I think , therefore I am.” T15.Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color. F16.The designing and building of St. Paul's Cathedral is the landmark in French architecture. F17.The three composers of the classical music , Bach ,Haydn and Mozart are known as the Viennese School. F18.The representatives of the Later Romantics in music are Berlioz, Liszt, Wagner, Verdi, Brahms, and Tchaikovsky. Tth-century science with his discovery of 19.As Isaac Newton dominated 17the laws governing the bodies of the universe, so Charles Darwinth-centuryscience, for he discovered the laws governing the dominated18evolution of man himself. F20.Black humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. Man's fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can't do anything about it, therefore we may as well laugh. FIV. Explain the following terms in English. （考3个名词，每词10分）1.Humanism ---Broadly, this term suggests any attitude, which tends to exalt the human element or stress the importance of human interests, as opposed to the supernatural, divine element—or as opposed to the grosser, animal elements. In a more specific sense, humanism suggests a devotion to those studies supposed to promote human culture most effectively—in particular,those dealing with the life, thought, language and literature of ancient Greece and Rome. In literary of classical culture that accompanied the Renaissance.2.Enlightenment ---The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in France, which attracted widespread support among the ruling and intellectualth century. the 18in the second half of classes of Europe and North America It characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to use critical reason to free minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression by church or State. Therefore, the Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason.3.Neo-classicism ---It was initiated by Dryden, culminated in Pope and continued by Johnson. Neo-classicists modeled themselves on classical, ancient Greek and Latin authors. They wanted to achieve perfect form in literature. They general tended to look at social and political life critically. They emphasize on intellect rather than imagination. They observed fixed laws and rules in literary creation. Poets preferred heroic couplet. In drama, they adhered to three unities, time, place and action. They emphasized on the didactic function of literature.4. Calvinism ---The French theologian put his thoughts in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, which was known as Calvinism. Calvinism rejected the papal authorities and stressed the absolute authority of God' s will, holding that only those specially elected by God are saved. It also held that any form of sinfulness was a likely sign of damnation whereas havehistorians Many salvation. of sign a be could work ceaseless suggested that Calvinism helped to pave the way for Capitalism.5. Reformation ---It was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It was led by Martin Luther and swept over the whole of Europe. This movement was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The Reformers believed in direct communication between the individual and God, engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues,urged the Church to have institutional reforms and were interested in liberating national economy and politics from the interference of the Roman Catholic Church and carrying out wars in the interests of the peasants and revolution in the interests of the bourgeoisie. The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow and shattered Medieval Church's stifling control over man, thus paving the way for capitalism.V. Write on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.（20分）It is said that the Bible has shaped Western culture more decisively than anything else ever written. Do you agree with this statement? Please give your own reasons.(1) Yes, I agree with the statement. (2')(2) Introduction to the Bible. (8')(3) Bible's significant place in Western culture. (10')。

北京市2009年春季普通高中毕业会考英语试卷第一部分（选择题共75分）二、单项填空（共15小题，15分）从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

1. ----Is ________ here ?----- Yes , I’m upstairs . Please come and help me .A. somebodyB. everybodyC. anybodyD. nobody2.----Can David take charge of the international department ?------ I’m afraid it is _____ his ability .A. underB. withinC. overD. beyond3. ---Do you need any help , Betty ?----- yes . The work is ______ I could do myself .A. less thanB. more thanC. no more thanD. not more than4. ---How about ______ Christmas evening party ?------ I should say it was _____ success .A. the , aB. a , aC. a , /D. the , /5. ----Do you like the scarf /-------- yes , it ______ very soft .A. smellsB. looksC. feelsD. sounds6. I really don’t like the weather in the south as it____ be quite windy , especially in spring .A. mustB. canC. shouldD. would7. ------ Hello . Is Tom there ?----- Hold on , please . I ______ if I can find him for you .A. would seeB. seeC. have seenD. will see8. The power was lost suddenly while she _____ for information on the Internet .A. was searchingB. is searchingC. searchedD. searches9. Peter was late for the business meeting because his flight ______ by a heavy storm .A. delaysB. delayedC. is delayedD. was delayed10. peter has the intelligence_____ th question correctly. I have faith in his ability.A. answeringB. to answerC. answeredD. answer11. Last night, John and the other lifesavers attended a special reception_____ by the Prime Minister.A. being hostedB. hostingC. to hostD. hosted12. There were frost on the ground, ___ that fall had arrived in Canada.A. confirmingB. confirmedC. to confirmD. to be confirmed13. Mary, as well as her two friends, ____ invited to the party by far.A. wereB. wasC. have beenD. has been14. Anne asked John ___ he would like a part-time teaching job.A. whetherB. whoC. thatD. what15. I wrote a letter to the car rental agency, explaining __ had happened.A. howB. whyC. whatD. that三、完形填空（共15小题，15分）阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

第二单元评估检测题（时间：60分钟 总分；100分）—、单项选择题（每小题2分，共50分）1．男性公民普遍参政的城邦或国家是( )。

A．雅典 B．斯巴达 C．波斯 D．巴比伦。

2．对于罗马共和国时期的政治制度叙述有误的一项是( ) .A．制定了共和制法律 B．完善了共和制机构C．公民享有参与政治活动的权利 D．最重要的机构是公民大会3．下列文明中，自然环境明显不同于其他文明的是( )。

A．古埃及 B．古印度 C．古巴比 D．古希腊4．古希腊是西方文明的发源地，古希腊雅典的民主政治则开启了西方民主制度的先河。

下列关于雅典民主政治的说法，符合史实的有( )。

①民主政治时期的雅典没有国王②公民大会是雅典的最高决策机构③伯里克利时期，雅典民主政治达到了顶峰④包括妇女在内的所有雅典人都享有民主A．①②④ B．①③④ C．①②③ D．②③④5．在古代雅典，人们可以看到这样的情境：公民在公民大会入口处领取一块陶片，写下名字后，把陶片交给工作人员。

这从一个侧面反映了古代雅典（）．A．实行贵族统治 B．积极武力扩张 C．实行民主制度 D．崇尚无为而治6．雅典处于全盛时期的执政官是( )。

A．伯里克利 B．亚历山大二世 C．腓力二世 D．图特摩斯7．在学习完罗马共和国的历史后，两位同学就罗马共和国最高的官职是什么展开了争论，正确的答案是( )。

A．国王 B．元首 C．执政官 D．元老8．古希腊思想家柏拉图说：“我们环绕着大海（爱琴海）而居，如同青蛙环绕着水塘。

”这说明古希腊文明勃兴的最重要的客观条件是( )。

A．河流 B．山峦 C．海洋 D．森林A9．世界历史丛书《生活在遥远的年代》分地区介绍了古代各地区文明的起源与发展，其中在欧洲卷之一《世界霸主》一书中介绍了罗马的起源及巅峰霸业。

罗马达到巅峰霸业时，统治的区域有( )①非洲北部 ②不列颠 ③希腊半岛 ④印度半岛A．①②③④ B．①②③ C．②③④ D．①③④10．罗马共和迦太基在100多年的时间里进行了三次战争，被称为“布匿战争”。

2023-2024学年九年级上学期历史单元测试卷第二单元《古代欧洲文明》姓名：_________班级：_________学号：_________注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、选择题（每题2分，共50分）1．古希腊奥运会规定只有具有纯正希腊血统的自由人才可参赛，奴隶、妇女和外邦人没有参赛权。

由此可知，古希腊奥运会（）A．推动古希腊统一进程B．阻碍了对外交流C．折射出民主的局限性D．促进了民族认同2．雅典民主制建立后，为适应这个新体制，富有群体的消费受到一定程度的限制，所有人的住房大小都差不多，法律禁止富人在个人墓葬纪念物的投入上超过“10个人3天的劳动”。

材料所述现象主要源于（）A．节俭的风气B．薄葬的观念C．平等的理念D．法治的强化3．“它的公民政治热烈而开放，人们在闹市高声谈论各种本城事务，争执关于法律、战争等话题……而在东方政治里，如此鼓励参政要罕见得多，人们首先被要求忠君和顺从。

”材料体现了“它”区别于古代东方文明之处是（）A．崇尚武力B．法律完备C．君主专制D．政治民主4．下面的图画反映了雅典的民主政治状况，对其解读正确的是（）A．抽签保证雅典居民公平参政的机会B．体现城邦小国寡民、轮番而治特点C．有可能导致国家权力的误用和滥用D．公民大会是雅典城邦最高权力机构5．“在希腊，山岭纵横，河流交错，几乎没有一个大面积的整块土地。

这种自然环境成为以‘个体导向’为倾向的文化渊源，在某种程度上有利于民主制度的发展。

”对此理解正确的是（）A．强调了自然地理环境对希腊文明的影响B．希腊的地理环境导致城邦个人主义盛行C．希腊的地理环境是产生专制制度的根源D．政治文明完全是由自然地理环境所决定6．公元前4世纪的亚历山大东征给东方人民带来了灾难。

九年级（上）历史第二单元古代欧洲文明单元测试卷（含答案）九年级（上）历史第二单元古代欧洲文明单元测试卷（含答案）九年级（上）历史第二单元古代欧洲文明单元测试卷[测试范围：第4~6课满分100分时间60分钟]一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题4分，共60分)1. 德国哲学家黑格尔说：“在有教养的欧洲人心中，提到古希腊，就会涌起一种家园之感。

”这是因为 ( )A. 古希腊思想家开创了古典哲学B. 欧洲最早的国家是古希腊C. 欧洲联盟始于古希腊D. 古希腊是西方文明的发祥地2. 希腊最早的文明产生于爱琴海地区。

爱琴文明包括( )①克里特文明②荷马时代的文明③亚历山大帝国时期的文明④迈锡尼文明A. ①④B. ②③C. ①③D. ②④3. 如图中人物是古希腊雅典城邦劳动者中的一种。

在雅典城邦政治生活中，他们的处境是( )A. 拥有担任公职的权利B. 参与城邦的政治活动C. 参加军队抗击侵略者D. 无法享有任何民主权利4. 黑格尔说：“中国人除了皇帝一人外都不知道自己是自由的，古希腊人有一部分人知道自己是自由的。

”在古希腊知道自己自由的这“一部分人”是指( )A. 城邦居民B. 妇女儿童C. 成年男性公民D. 奴隶5. 史载，伯里克利执政时期，雅典城内大约有4.5万名成年男性公民，5万名外邦人，还有大约10万名奴隶，妇女和儿童也有10万人。

这种情况说明雅典的民主政治( )A. 受到了工商业繁荣的影响B. 经历了一个漫长的发展过程C. 在参政方式上存在多样化D. 在实施范围上存在明显局限6. “在伊苏斯战役中，波斯国王大流士三世惊慌失措，临阵脱逃，结果连自己的母亲和妻女都被对手俘虏了”。

材料中的“对手”是( )A. 屋大维B. 图特摩斯三世C. 汉谟拉比D. 亚历山大7. 如图是发生在古代社会的大规模奴隶反抗事件，它沉重地打击了奴隶主阶级，在世界历史上有重大意义。

这场起义发生在哪个国家( )A. 罗马帝国B. 奥斯曼帝国C. 罗马共和国D. 东罗马帝国8. 《十二铜表法》规定：精神病人无保护人时，其身体和财产由族亲保护之；无族亲时由宗亲保护之。

第二单元古代欧洲文明——九年级上册历史人教部编版单元质检卷（A卷）一、选择题：本题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.古代雅典城邦的民主政治、罗马的法学、中国秦汉的中央集权制度，存在于世界古代不同地区的不同时期。

这反映了古代世界文明( )A.起源于欧洲扩展到全球B.都诞生在地中海沿岸C.呈现出明显的多元特征D.彼此隔绝没有联系交流2.所有希腊人，都会到奥林匹亚体育场证明他们在长跑、掷铁饼、标枪、摔跤、赛车等方面的能力。

在那里获胜，算是一个人一生中能得到的最大荣誉。

尽管奖品是一个简单的橄榄枝，但是优胜者会获得极高的敬重。

这表明希腊人( )A.培养民主意识B.推崇竞技体育C.重视法治建设D.追求思想自由3.《十二铜表法》明文公示按律量刑。

它在第九表第三条中规定：“经长官委任的承审员或仲裁员，在执行职务中收受贿赂的，处死刑。

”由此可见，古代罗马( )A.强调法律面前人人平等B.成文法削弱了贵族势力C.保护私有财产不受侵犯D.注重维护法律程序公正4.在埃及太阳历的基础上创新了儒略历；吸收希腊建筑特点，创新出石拱门、穹顶；制定《十二铜表法》，成为欧洲法学的渊源。

这说明，古罗马( )A.成为欧亚文化发祥地B.推动文化交流与传播C.建立完整的法学体系D.搭建了欧亚和平之桥5.古代雅典城邦的民主政治，罗马的法学、中国秦汉的中央集权制度，存在于世界古代不同地区的不同时期。

这反映出古代世界文明( )A.起源于欧洲扩展到全球B.都产生于大江大河流域C.呈现出明显的多元特征D.彼此隔绝没有联系交流6.罗马在建城时只是个农业小城邦，随着罗马的扩张，公元前2世纪中期击败迦太基后，“互相竞逐的国家已经被消灭了，现在的竞争只是商人们之间纯经济的抗衡”。

这一变化反映出( )A.国家成长与经济发展的互动B.整个地中海世界社会经济遭到破坏C.《十二铜表法》产生的历史条件D.罗马城邦共和制得到了巩固和加强7.拉丁语最初为意大利半岛中部西海岸拉丁部族使用的语言，到公元2世纪，拉丁语作为行政语言传播到西地中海的岛屿、伊比利亚半岛和高卢（今法国），直至多瑙河流域的达齐亚（今罗马尼亚）。