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Unit 2 The United Kingdom (知识点剖析)1.consist vi. 组成；一致【经典例句】The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.【考点聚焦】固定搭配：consist of(由……组成)，其近义词(组)为include；be made up of，如： His job consists of (is made up of/includes)helping old people who live alone.他的工作包括帮助独居的老人。
2. puzzle n.&vt. 难题，谜；使迷惑【经典例句】 n. The meaning of the poem has always been a puzzle. 这首诗的意思一直是个谜。
v. This letter puzzles me. 这封信使我迷惑不解。
【考点聚焦】1）puzzle可用作名词或动词，作名词时，意为“难题；谜；测验能力的问题(或玩具)”，可喻为“复杂难懂的事物”。
2) puzzled adj. 表示自己感到迷惑，如：There was a puzzled expression on his face. 他的脸上露出迷惑不解的表情。
puzzling adj. 表示令人感到迷惑，如： His answer is puzzling. 他的回答令人迷惑。
3. clarify vt. 澄清；阐明【经典例句】I’ll clarify my stand at a proper time. 我将在合适的时候澄清我的立场。
4. convenience n. 方便；便利【巧记提示】convenient(方便的)+ 去t + -ence (名词后缀)【经典例句】I kept my reference book near my desk for convenience. 我把参考书放在书桌旁用着方便。
Unit 1 Great scientistsReadingTeaching goals教学目标1. Target language 目标语言a. 重点词汇和短语attend, control, severe, pub, immediately, handle, instructor, pump, contribute, conclude, steam engine, virus, put forward, make a conclusion, expose tob. 重点句式To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that ... P32. Ability goals 能力目标Enable the students to talk about science and scientists.3. Learning ability goals学能目标Enable the students to learn about some famous scientists and their contributions and how to organize a scientific research.Teaching important & difficult points教学重难点Talk about science and scientists.Teaching methods 教学方法Task-based activities.Teaching aids 教具准备A computer and a projector.Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式StepⅠ Lead-inAsk the students to think of some great inventions and inventors in history.T: Welcome back to school, everyone. I guess most of you have enjoyed your holiday. Maybe I should say everyone has enjoyed a scientific life. Why? Because you have enjoyed the results of the science and scientists. Now can you tell me the scientists who invented the lights, the gramophone and the computer?S1: Edison invented the lights and the gramophone.S2: The first computer was invented by a group of American scientists.StepⅠ Warming upFirst, ask some questions about great scientists. Second, ask all the students to try the quiz and find out who knows the most.T: You know our life is closely related to science and scientists. We benefit a lot from them. Can you name out as many scientists as possible?S1: Newton.S2: Watt.S3: Franklin.Sample answers:1. Archimedes, Ancient Greek (287-212 BC), a mathematician.2. Charles Darwin, Britain (1808-1882). The name of the book is Origin of Species.3. Thomas Newcomen, British (1663-1729), an inventor of steam engine.4. Gregor Mendel, Czech, a botanist and geneticist.5. Marie Curie, Polish and French, a chemist and physicist.6. Thomas Edison, American, an inventor.7. Leonardo da Vinci, Italian, an artist.8. Sir Humphry Davy, British, an inventor and chemist.9. Zhang Heng, ancient China, an inventor.10. Stepper Hawking, British, a physicist.Step Ⅰ Pre-readingGet the students to discuss the questions on page 1 with their partners. Then ask the students to report their work. Encourage the students to express their different opinions. T: Now, class, please look at the slide. Discuss these questions with your partners. Then I’ll ask some students to report their work.Show the following on the screen.What do you know about infectious diseases?What do you know about cholera?Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?What order would you put the seven in? Just guess.Sample answer 1:S1: Let me try. Infectious diseases can be spread easily. They have an unknown cause and may do great harm to people.S2: People could be exposed to infectious diseases, so may animals, such as bird flu.S3: AIDS, SARS are infectious diseases.S4: Infectious diseases are difficult to cure.Sample answer 2:S1: I know sth. about it. First we should find the problem. Then, think of a solution.S2: We should collect as much information as possible.S3: Analyzing results is the most important stage.S4: Before we make a conclusion, it is necessary for us to repeat some stages or processes.Sample answer 3:S1: I think “Find a problem” should be the first stage.S2: “Make up a question” should follow the first stage.S3: “Think of a method”, “Collect results” and “Analyze results” are after that.S4: Of course, before “Make a conclusion”, we should “Repeat if necessary”.T: Well done! When we want to solve some problems, first we should find out the problem, do some research on it, prove your findings, and then make a conclusion. This is a scientific and objective way of researching. Now let’s see how doctor John Snow did his research.Step Ⅰ ReadingLet the students skim the whole passage and try to work out the meanings of the new words and structures using context.T: The effect of cholera in the nineteenth century London was devastating. Many people died without knowing the reason. It was doctor John Snow who saved the people. Please look at the screen. Let’s read the whole passage and find answers to the questions. Show the questions on the screen.1. What conditions allowed cholera develop?2. Why do you think people believed that cholera multiplied in the air without reason?3. What evidence did John Snow gather to convince people that idea 2 was right? Sample answers:S1: The dirty water made the cholera develop quickly.S2: Because people could not understand its cause and could not get it cured. So people imagined that some poisonous gas in the air caused the deaths.S3: He found that many of the deaths were near the water pump while some areas far away from the water pump had no deaths. So when people were asked not to use the water pump, the disease began to slow down. In this way, John Snow had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.Step Ⅰ Text analyzingAsk the students to analyze the text in groups.T: Now class. Can you tell me what style of the passage belongs to?S1: I think it is a report.T: Please look at the chart on the screen. The chart shows that each paragraph of the text explains John Snow’s stages in his research. Please read the text and find out the general idea of each paragraph and match the stage with each paragraph. Discuss it in groups, and then report your answers.Paragraphs Stages General ideas1234567Sample answers:S1: My group’s opinion is this: stage one “Find a problem” is expressed in paragraph one. The general idea is like this: John Snow wanted to find the causes of cholera.S2: Our answer is like this: paragraph two expresses the second stage “Make up a question”. The general idea is like this: John Snow wanted to prove which theory was correct.S3: “Think of a method” is the third stage. And it is contained in paragraph three. The general idea is like this: John Snow collected data on those who were ill or died and where they got their water.S4: The fourth stage “Collect results” lies in paragraph four. Its general idea is like this: John Snow plotted information on a map to find out where people died or did not die.S5: Our group believe paragraph five contains the fifth stage of John Snow’s research. The general idea is like this: John Snow analysed the water to see if that was the cause of the illness. So this stage is to “Analyse the results”.S6: The sixth stage is “Repeat if necessary”. It is contained in the sixth paragraph. The general idea is like this: John Snow tried to find other evidences to confirm his conclusion. S7: The last paragraph is about the seventh stage “Make a conclusion”. Its general idea is like this: The polluted dirty source of drinking water was to blame for the cause of the London cholera.Ask some students to put their answers in the chart.Paragraph Stages General ideas1Find a problem The causes of cholera2Make up a question The correct or possible theory3Think of a method Collect data on where people were ill and died and where they got their water4Collect results Plot information on a map to find out where people died or did not die5Analyse the results Analyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illness6Repeat if necessary Find other evidences to confirm his conclusion7Make a conclusion The polluted dirty source of drinking water was to blame for the cause of the London choleraStepⅠ Homework1. Get more information about some infectious diseases and modern scientists.2. Finish the Exercises 1, 2, 3 on pages 3 and 4.教后反思：在高考阅读中，常常会出现对文中单词或词组词义的猜测，在平时的阅读教学中如何渗透对学生这一方面能力的培养，也是教师应该思考的一个问题。
A teaching plan for talking about tourist attractions人教版Book 5 unit 2 The United KingdomUsing language: Reading，Speaking and Writing一教学内容及设计思路（一）教学内容包括三部份：1. 温习主课文，从检查英国的主腹地理知识着手，然后引出新课；2. 阅读本单元Using language 部份的课文Sightseeing in London, 学习作者第一次参观伦敦旅行景点都有何感想，进一步学习激起作者这些感想的细节内容，并试探作者什么缘故会对某些景点重墨描述；3. 仿照文章的手法，以一个旅行者的身份口头描述和书面描述在贵州（贵阳）你看过的某处（或几处）风光的感受，用简单的描述来讲明．（二）设计思路本课设计思路包括以下步骤：1. 温习课文（地理）知识入手。
引出新的课文；2.在新课文学习时，先简单了解课文介绍了哪些历史古迹（旅行点）---按day一、day二、day3的顺序；3.关于每一个不同景点，作者的感受如何？通过寻觅相关的单词（形容词、名词）、短语（表达）来表示。
进一步引导学生弄清楚为啥会有这种感受？（supporting details）4.进一步引导学生试探：哪些景点作者进行比较详细的介绍？什么缘故？---从作者的角度动身；（critical thinking）5. 时期温习以上所学，给学生分发贵州旅行景点的小册子，让其以一个旅行者的身份来口头描述在贵州（贵阳）看过的某处（或几处）风光的感受及细节；6.书面表达。
基于以上口头描述，仿照文章的手法，以一个旅行者的身份来描述在贵州（贵阳）你看过的某处（或几处）风光的感受，用简单的描述来讲明．二教学目标及重难点Knowledge aims:Ss will be able to pick out and further understand the words and expressions in the text used to describe the girl’s impressions and feeling towards different sites of historical and tourists’ interest.Ability aimsThe students will be able to talk and write about how they would feel to visit a local site (or several sites) using the words and expressions in the passage.Emotional aims:1. To strengthen the Ss’ cultural awareness by understanding and perceiving theculture of London through studying its historical sites and tourist attractions;2. To arouse students’ love for and pride in their hometown by introducing scenicspots of their hometown.Important point：To pick out and further understand the words and expressions used to describe the girl’s impressions and feeling towards different sites of historical and tourists’interest.Difficult pointTo talk and write about how they would feel to visit a local site (or several sites) using the words and expressions in the passage.Teaching and learning method：task-based approachTeaching aids：ppt slides and some brochures二．教学进程Step I Reviewing for leading-inShow the Ss the map of the UK and guide them to answer the following questions one by one which are about what they have learnt in the passage PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY:1.Which country is it?---The UK.2.What’s the full name of the UK?---The United Kingdom of the Great Britain andNorthern Ireland.3.What countries does The Great Britain consist of?---England, Wales, Scotland.4.What’s the capital of the UK?---London.5.If you want to learn sth about the culture and history of England, which city wouldyou like to go?---London.StepⅡ Reading---SkimmingT: Well, a Chinese student, Zhang Pingyu went to London for sightseeing. Let’s follow her to visit some historical sites and tourist attractions there. Skim the passage SIGHTSEEING IN LONDON and make a list of the sites or places Zhang Pingyu visited in London.StepⅢScanning (pair work)T: This was the first time for Zhang Pingyu to go sightseeing in London, so she had some strong feelings for the sites she visited, right? For example,…Now, scan the text and find out the words and expressions Zhang Pingyu used to describe her feelings for each sites she visited.StepⅣ Careful reading (pair work)Find out the supporting details for Zhang Pingyu’s feelings.T：As we know, Zhang Pingyu felt fancy to see the Tower, right? Then, what is it about the Tower that makes her feel fancy?...Find out the other supporting details forKeys for reference:StepⅤ Reading beyond the lines(critical thinking)—group workDiscuss the following questions in groups:1.In Day 1, which site did the author describe most? Why?---The Tower. For its long history and connection to the royal and prison, Zhang Pingyu made it her first delight to see it and found it worthy to visit it and she had more to talk about it. So, when we describe several sites we visited, we may choose one which we think is most worthy to visit to describe more.2.In Day 2, why did the author spend a whole day to visit Greenwich？---Because the author felt it very interesting that the imaginary line---the longitude line divides the eastern and western halves of the world and it is very useful fornavigation.3.In Day 3, why did the author make it a major tour to visit Karl Marx’s Statue?---Karl Marx is a famous and important person for Chinese people, because he developed communism.这几个问题提得都专门好，答案是open的，只是能够引导学生试探：Day 1 的London Tower，为啥作者花那么多的笔墨来写它，而其他的景点大体上都是一笔带过？Day2的格林尼治天文台。
Unit 2 The United Kingdom (Book 5)Period 1 Reading: Puzzle in GeographyClass：_________ Name：_____________ Group：___________ No：_________ Learning Objectives：1.Learn the useful new words and expressions.2. Read the passage and learn something about how the UK was formed geographically，historically and culturally.Learning Key Points：1. Learn reading skill: Scanning and close reading2. Know about the geography，history and culture of the UKLearning Difficult Points：Improve the reading abilityLearning Procedures：A.Scanning : Chose the main idea of the passagea. How many countries make up the United Kingdom?b. Explain how England is divided into three zonesc. The reason why London became the cultural capital of England.d. A brief introduction to the UK about its foundation and development based ongeography，history and culture，etcC. Divide the passage into three parts and match the main idea of each part.Part 1 (Para ___-___) The cultural importance of London (About London)Part 2 (Para ___ ) How the UK came into being. (About the UK)Part 3 (Para ___- ___) England is divided into 3 zones. (About England)II.【While-class】Step1 Lead-inStep2 Check the pre-class homeworkStep3 Furthering reading:A. Decide the following sentences true or false.1. The three countries were united by war instead of peacefully. ( )2. The Union Jack flag unites the flags of three countries in the United Kingdom，andScotland is left out. ( )3. Northern Ireland ，England and Scotland have developed different educational and legalsystems but they do work together in some areas as well.( )4. Most of the large industrial cities are in the south of England. ( )5. The oldest building in London was begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s. ( )6. The first invaders Norman left their language and their government. ( )B. Try to use context clues to work out the meaning of underlined words and phrase.1. People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England，Wales，Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if youstudy British history. ( )A. make it harder to understandB. make it easier to understandC. make it important to understandD. make it necessary to understand2. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to “ Great Britain”. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. ( )A. successfullyB. peacefullyC. cooperativelyD. importantlyStep4 Consideration:A. Try to put the missing sentences into the passage without reading the passage.England is the largest of the four countries，and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. _____1_____. You find most of the population settled in the south，butmost of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. ______2______.It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.______3_____.It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the 1st century AD，the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.____4____. The first invaders，the Romans，left their towns and roads. The second，the Anglo-Saxons，left their language and their government. The third，the Vikings，influences the vocabulary and place-names of the North，and the fourth，the Normans，left castles and the words for food.______5____.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile!A.If you look around the British countryside，you will find evidence of all these invaders.B.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums，art collections，theatres，parks and buildings.C.The zone nearest France is called the South of England，the middle zone is called theMidlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North.D.There have been four sets of invaders of England.E. Although，nationwide，these cities are not as large as those in China，they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two!B．Blank fillingThe United Kingdom 1.___________(consist)of four countries: England，Wales，Scotland and Northern Ireland， 2 _____________ are shown to the world in a flag3.___________(call) the Union Jack. The four countries do work together in some areas，butthey 4. ___________ (develop) different educational and 5.___________ (legality) systems. England，the 6.___________ (large) of the four countries，is roughly 7.___________ (divide) into three zones.8 ____________capital，London，has been influenced by the 9.____________ (invader) of England，and you will find the greatest 10. ____________(history) treasures in it.Step5 SummaryIII.【Post-class】【Pre-class homework】A.Scanning : DC. Divide the passage into three parts and match the main idea of each part.Part 1(Para 1-3) The cultural importance of London (About London)Part 2(Para 4) How the UK came into being. (About the UK)Part 3(Para 5-6) England is divided into 3 zones. (About England)Step3 Furthering reading:A. Decide the following sentences true or false.F F T F T FB. Try to use context clues to work out the meaning of underlined words and phrase. BBStep4 Consideration:A. Try to put the missing sentences into the passage without reading the passage. CEBDAB ．Blank fillingconsists ， which ， called ， have developed ， legal ， largest ， divided ， its ， invaders ， historicalPeriod 2 Language focus in Reading 1 (Book 5)Class ：_________ Name ：_____________ Group ：___________ No ：_________ Learning Objectives ：1. Make sentences using the important useful new words and expressions.2. Learn the important useful sentences and patterns.Learning Key Points ：Grasp the usages of the important new words ， expressions and sentence structure above. Learning Difficult Points ：Learning Procedures ：I.【Pre-class homework 】A. Translate the phrases into English1. 由……组成2．把……分成3．阐明这个问题4．提到；查阅5．同样；也6．挣脱（束缚）；脱离7．为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下8．教育和立法制度9．为了方便10. 历史建筑11．艺术收藏品12. 历史瑰宝13．省去；遗漏；不考虑B. Make sentences using the following words and phrases:1. consist2. divide3. clarify4. accomplish5. convenience6. conflict7. break away (from)8. to one’s creditⅡ.【While-class】Step1 DiscussionSs discuss their pre-class homework in groupStep2 PresentationStep3 Consolidation:A. Imitative writing (句子仿写)1.It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.Translate:结构：1）it为形式主语，真正的主语是：2）在该主语从句中，built in the nineteenth century 修饰，作仿写：遗憾的是，坐落于老城区的建筑没有得到很好的保护。
