棋盘法 分枝法
3.Χ2 检验
检验实验结果与理论值的符合程度
χ
2
(O-E) = ∑ E
E:理论数
2
O:实际数
χ
Expected Observed Ratio 9/16 3/16 3/16 587 197 168
2
(O-E) = ∑ E
Expected
2
o-e
20 8 -21
(o-e)2 (o-e)2/e
IB
i
Researchers have identified in the laboratory 14 distinguishable mutant alleles for the agouti gene.
Mutations are the source of new alleles
An allele whose frequency is greater than 1% is by definition a wild-type allele An allele with frequency of less than 1% is considered a mutant allele
互补基因
上位效应
一对基因影响了另一对基因的效应
隐性上位 显性上位
隐性上位
ABO blood types
O phenotype × O phenotype
O, A, B
?
IAIAhh
O
× iiHH O
IAiH h
显性上位
summer squash
Precursor
(抑制基因) XB
1. 概率
a. 相乘定律: