功分器的设计和定偶设计及阻抗匹配3
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功分器设计原理嘿,朋友们!今天咱来聊聊功分器设计原理这档子事儿。
你说这功分器啊,就好比是一个神奇的分配大师。
想象一下,有一股力量,就像水流一样,要被均匀地分到不同的地方去,这就是功分器要干的活儿。
它是咋做到的呢?其实啊,就跟咱分东西一样。
比如说有一堆糖果,要分给几个小朋友,得保证每个小朋友都能拿到差不多的糖果数量,不能这个多那个少,对吧?功分器也是这样,要把输入的信号能量,合理地分配到各个输出端口。
这其中的关键就在于它的内部结构啦。
它就像是一个精心设计的迷宫,信号在里面走来走去,最后就被准确地分开啦。
这里面的线路啊、元件啊,都得搭配得恰到好处,就像拼图一样,缺了一块儿都不行。
而且哦,这功分器还得很稳定可靠呢!不能今天分好啦,明天就出岔子。
就好比你给小朋友分糖果,今天分对了,明天就乱分一气,那怎么行呢?所以啊,在设计的时候就得考虑各种因素,什么温度啦、湿度啦,都不能影响它的正常工作。
你说要是功分器设计得不好会咋样?哎呀,那可就麻烦啦!信号可能就不能准确地到达该去的地方,就像送快递送错了地址一样,那后果可不堪设想啊!再说说这功分器的种类吧,那也是五花八门的。
有等分的,有不等分的,就像分糖果,有的是平均分,有的是按需分配。
每种都有它自己的用处和特点,得根据实际情况来选择。
咱平时生活里不是也经常会遇到要分配东西的情况吗?这和功分器的原理其实差不多呢!只不过功分器是在信号的世界里工作罢了。
总之啊,功分器设计原理可真是个有意思的东西,它虽然看不见摸不着,但却在各种电子设备里默默地发挥着重要作用呢!没有它,好多设备可就没法正常工作啦。
所以啊,可别小看了这个小小的功分器,它可是电子世界里的大功臣呢!原创不易,请尊重原创,谢谢!。
功分器现在有如下几种系列[11]:1、400MHz-500MHz 频率段二、三功分器,应用于常规无线电通讯、铁路通信以及450MHz 无线本地环路系统。
2、800MHz-2500MHz 频率段二、三、四微带系列功分器,应用于GSM /CDMA/PHS/WLAN 室内覆盖工程。
3、800MHz-2500MHz 频率段二、三、四腔体系列功分器,应用于GSM /CDMA/PHS/WLAN 室内覆盖工程。
4、1700MHz-2500MHz 频率段二、三、四腔体系列功分器,应用于PHS/WLAN 室内覆盖工程。
5、800MHz-1200MHz/1600MHz-2000MHz 频率段小体积设备内使用的微带二、三功分器。
这里介绍几种常见的功分器:一、威尔金森功分器我们将两分支线长度由原来的变为,这样使分支线长度变长,但作4λ43λ用效果与线相同。
在两分支线之间留出电阻尺寸大小的缝隙,做成如图1-14λ所示结构。
图1-1 威尔金森功分器二、变形威尔金森功分器将威尔金森功分器进行变形,做成如图1-2所示结构。
两圆弧长度由原来的变为,且将圆伸展开形成一个近似的半圆。
每个支路通过传输线与4λ43λ2λ隔离电阻相连,这样做虽然会减小电路的工作带宽,但使输出耦合问题得到了解决,而且可以用于不对称,功分比高的电路,隔离电阻的放置更加容易,且两支路间的距离足够大,在输出口可直接接芯片。
图1-2 变形威尔金森功分器三、混合环混合环又称为环形桥路,它也可作为一种功率分配器使用。
早期的混合环是由矩形波导及其4个E-T 分支构成的,由于体积庞大已被微带或带状线环形桥路所取代。
图1-3为制作在介质基片上的微带混合环的几何图形,环的平均周长为 ,环上有四个输出端口,四个端口的中心间距均为。
环路各段归一23g λ4g λ化特性导纳分别为a, b, c ,四个分支特性导纳均为。
这种形式的功率分配器0Y 具有较宽的带宽,低的驻波比和高的输出功率。
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D.I.Kim and Y.Naito,“Broad-Band Design of Improved Hybrid-Ring 3-dB Directional Couplers,”IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,vol.MTT-30,pp.2040-2046,Nov.1982.Author InformationAndrei Grebennikov received his Dipl.Ing.degree in radio electronics from Moscow I nstitute of Physics and Technology and PhD degree in radio engineering from Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics in 1980 and 1991,respectively.He has exten-sive academic and industrial experience working with Moscow Technical University of Communications and I nformatics,Russia,I nstitute of Microelectronics, Singapore,M/A-COM,Ireland,and Infineon Technologies, Germany and Austria,as an engineer,researcher,lectur-er,and educator.He read lectures as a Guest Professor in University of Linz,Austria,and presented short courses and tutorials as an I nvited Speaker at I nternational Microwave Symposium,European and Asia-Pacific Microwave Conferences,and Motorola Design Centre, Malaysia.He is an author of more than 70 papers,3 books and several European and US patents.He can be reached by grandrei@.52High Frequency Electronics。