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模拟联合国Model United Nations前言模拟联合国是当代青年人模仿着联合国的形式而进行的一项活动。
在这项活动中，青年人扮演着联合国各成员国外交官的角色并针对各种问题在议程上进行讨论。
在扮演外交官的角色时,代表们进行演说﹑准备决议草案﹑与盟国及敌对国进行商谈﹑化解冲突并操纵程序规则，旨在动员全球合作以解决关系到全球各国的问题。
北京四中“模拟联合国”课程旨在给素质教育提供一个切实的平台，培养中国未来的外交人才。
课程开设已经有两学年了，近100名同学参加过这门活动课。
每到星期二或五下午的第一、二节课，参加这门课同学，像过节一样高兴，每名同学自由选择一个自己感兴趣的国家，代表这个国家在联合国外交官员，模拟联合国大会的形式举行会议，用英语作为工作语言，对国际热点问题进行讨论、磋商、争辩、投票表决，达成决议并在学校大厅公布决议。
在老师的指导下，同学们都会提前了解自己所代表国家的详细情况，包括历史和现状，特别是外交政策；提前研究国际局势，并写出英文的发言稿；还精心的准备国家的标牌，有的同学甚至会穿他所代表国家的民族服装参加每次活动。
这个活动目的是让高中生更加了解世界、锻炼自己领导能力。
虽然并不是每个参加者日后都会进入国际关系领域工作，但是他们因为参与了这些活动而学会大方待人，具有领导气质，善于用自己的观点说服别人。
相信如果从中学时代就参加这样的活动，将会对孩子们的世界观和价值观产生积极的影响。
讨论的话题包括：国际合作反恐、遏制大规模杀伤性武器、预防和应对世界疫情以及全球的艾滋病危机。
中学生们模仿联合国大会的参与者，将面对一些假设的危机情况，例如政治谋杀和自然灾害，学生们通过谈判和积极的辩论在现场快速回应这些问题。
2004年入学北京四中的郭露桐同学，在全国“模拟联合国”大会上代表哈萨克斯坦，她上网找资料，细致地了解哈萨克斯坦的国情，以及它与周边国家的关系、国际地位等等，也查阅了很多书籍。
她自信地说：“我觉得自己在会上陈述时发挥得很出色。
模拟联合国会议标准规则流程一、点名(Roll Call)主席点到国家名，代表请举国家牌并答:“到(Present)!”二、设定议程(Setting Agenda)当委员会的议题超过1个时，与会代表必须表决，决定首先讨论的议题。
本次大会由赞成首先讨论议题A和赞成首先讨论B的双方各出3个国家，陈述为何首先讨论该议题。
国家由主席在与发言的国家中随机点出。
双方轮流发言。
阐述选择先讨论该议题的原因、动机等，发言时间为90秒。
6名代表都发言完毕后，将进行投票，投票原则为简单多数，即50%+1。
三、正式辩论(Formal Debate)1.设定发言名单(Speakers List)待主席宣布正式辩论开始后，欲发言的代表举国家牌，主席随机点出发言国国名，大会发言顺序依主席所点顺序进行。
每个代表发言时间初始设定为2分钟。
主席会在时间剩余30秒的时候，提醒代表。
代表可以提出动议延长或缩短发言时间。
如果需要追加发言机会(国家名未在发言名单上或已经完成发言)，代表可向主席台传意向条(page)要求在发言名单上添加其代表的国家，主席会将该过的名字加在发言名单的最后。
如果代表已在发言名单上，并且还没有发言，则不能在其发言之前追加发言机会。
一旦发言名单上所有国家已发言，并且没有任何代表追加发言，会议直接进入投票表决阶段。
代表发言完毕剩余时间可以让渡(Yield Time):A. 给主席，等同于放弃时间;B. 给其他国家，该国不可二次让渡时间;C. 给问题，欲提问的国家举牌，由大会主席决定发言国家(提问时间不计入代表发言时间);D. 给评论。
2.提出问题(Point)或动议(Motion)在每位代表发言结束后，主席会问场内有无问题或动议(Are there any points or motions on the floor?)，代表此时可以提出问题或动议。
问题，包括:A. 程序性问题(Point of Order):当大会的进程与既定规则不符时，代表可以提出程序性问题，该问题可在大会任何时候提出，发言的代表将被打断，主席首先解决该问题。
首先开头时说：If there are no objections, we will bring the committee into formal session. If all delegates will please take their seats, the rapporteur will begin roll call.然后书记员就是进行点名，之后主席说：For those delegates who may have arrived while the roll call was being taken, and whose attendance has not yet been recorded, please send a note forward to the dais to let us know of your arrival and voting status. Please be certain your State’s attendance has been recorded. You will not be recognized while the committee is in substantive voting session if the dais has not recorded your attendance at this session.之后主席说：Are there any motions on the floor at this time? Seeing none, the first order of business before the committee is to set the agenda order. The topics on the committee agenda are I, II and III. If there are no objections from the committee, the chair will open the speakers list to begin deliberations upon setting the agenda. All those who would like to be placed on the speakers list, please raise your placards until your State has been recognized.就是开speaker's list，主席点，书记员把国家名记下，写到speaker's list中。
简介“模拟联合国〞〔Model United Nations〕简称模联〔英文简称MUN〕，是模仿联合国与相关的国际机构，依据其运作方式和议事原那么，围绕国际上的热点问题召开的会议,是基于理解、友谊、合作、学习举办的。
青年学生们扮演各个国家的外交官，参与到“联合国会议〞当中。
学生们通过亲身经历联合国会议的流程，例如阐述观点、政策辩论、投票表决、做出决议等，熟悉联合国的运作方式，了解世界上的国际大事。
黄金法那么1 - 解决问题才是核心联合国大会的目的是一个，解决问题。
真正的联合国会场其实是充满着权利与斗争的，但是一个成功的会议必定是以问题解决结尾，也就是矛盾双方能进展让步，大家共同书写一个有效的决议草案。
决议草案分序言性条款和行动性条款，序言性条款说白了就是扯淡，什么大家应该秉承着什么的理念思想乱七八糟的东西，重要的其实是后面的行动性条款。
这就好比是一支军队，序言性条款就等于是宣誓，行动性条款是纪律，一个兵完全可以宣誓，无论他愿不愿意，但是他的行为违反纪律就会受罚，两个的重要程度显而易见。
黄金法那么2 - 一切行动的背后是利益接下来才是模联最最重要的思想——一个国家的利益。
在现实生活中，不用说一个国家了，我们个人所做的每一件事情都是由利益驱使的，我们不会平时去做比方说撞墙这百害而无一利的事。
一个国家也是一样，只会去做对自己有利的事情。
模联中只要完美地运用这种思想，那么可以说你的想法都可以直接搬上历史的舞台了。
每个国家都想最大化自己的利益，就像是一群消费者跟零售商，消费者想廉价点，零售商想卖价格高一点，如何去找到他们之间的平衡点才是关键。
如果你能找到一个方案，能到达所有人的利益化解矛盾那么你可以去当总统了。
所以你发言中每一个要求，你工作文件中决议草案每一个行动都要考虑哪些国家会支持哪些国家会反对，因为这帮助/损害了他们的利益。
然后从他们的利益出发去想如何才能解决问题。
如何得到拥护1. 你需要什么？核心思想！你需要一份你自己精心研究过的一份工作文件，它以与组成它的核心思想就代表了你整个联盟〔Bloc〕，所以你千万要拥有一个核心思想以与一份工作文件〔WP〕。
Committee: General AssemblyTopic: Child Protection In Armed ConflictCountry: China1.Background:Armed conflicts are happening constantly in several area of the world. The vulnerabilities and needs specific to children are often made more acute by situations of armed conflict. The protection of children is a topic to which the international community has devoted significant attention. Over 250,000 child soldiers are still participating in armed conflicts around the world and tens of thousands of girls are being sexually exploited by combatants.1.actions taken by the United NationsThe protection of children is a thematic issue on the agenda of the United Nations Security Council. With the recent expansion through Resolution 1882 of the triggers for the MRM on grave violations, it is an opportune time to examine the successes of the MRM, as well as the challenges it faces. For instance, who are the key actors involved, how are they coordinated, and how might their contribution to the MRM complicate their presence on the ground in certain areas? What concrete steps are being taken to respond to violations and to combat impunity? How might action plans, “naming and shaming,” and targeted sanctions be employed more effectively? This live seminar examined these and other related questions.United Nations experts called for universal ratification of the two Optional Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) - on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, and on protection for children in armed conflict - at a special event to be held at UNICEF House today.Campaigns aimed at getting all countries to ratify and implement the protocols by 2012 will be announced at the meeting, which will be addressed by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake, Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict, Radhika Coomaraswamy, and Special Representative on Violence Against Children, Marta Santos Pais.3.China’s positionViolence does not discriminate. It cuts across race, religion, class, and culture. It occurs in homes and families, schools and workplaces; care homes and communities.Regardless of where it occurs, the end result can be the same: A child diminished by fear…even crippled by a lack of self-confidence. A child who does not perform well in school, is more likely to be unemployed in adulthood. A child who more easily falls preys to sexual abuse and exploitation. These children need our help now. And we can help them grow up to be teachers, health workers, community leaders, employers, and skilled employees. Preventing violenceagainst children is critical not only for their own well-being, but for the health and progress of our global community.3.actions in the futureAn increasing number of countries have abolished voluntary recruitment for persons below the age of 18 year for use in armed conflict, noted Ms. Yanghee Lee, Chair of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, the body that monitors implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Protocols. She also noted that States are stepping up measures and international cooperation to combat child prostitution, child pornography and sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism.In addition to calling on all countries to ratify the Optional Protocols and to effectively implement them by incorporating them into national legislation, policy and planning, and providing victim protection and rehabilitation programs; the UN is calling on governments to comply with reporting obligations to the Committee on the Rights of the Child.Speech list of topic BReason for topic AHow can we be here?How can we delegates from all over the world gathering here for this conference? Because this place is safe. This room, this city, this country is protected by armed force, by soldiers, by police, and by the infinite power of peace. Peace, yes, that is why people can work and live without threaten, that is why our children can play in the garden, our sisters can walk along the street in the evening safely and our grandmas can go out in weekends to learn Chinese. If peace is such important, why shouldn’t the people who live in the Middle East and North Africa get it?China stands firmly with the countries involved in w ars and instability, let’s set topic A in the agenda. Let’s try to maintain peace and stability in the Middle East. Let’s try it.Motion1.China motions for a moderated cacus, the topic istotal time is 15 minutes, 10 delegates are involved. Each delegate has 90 seconds.strongly condemn "the continued grave and systematic human rights violations by the Syrian authorities" and threatened punitive measures against the Middle East countrynon-interference(sovereignty, International assistance)sovereignty is vital and basic to a country. It can not be partition or transfer. It is not conferred by International law. It born when a country born. Each country has it foreign independent right, which cannot be interfered by others. State is entitled to their own will, according to national circumstances, freedom to choose their own social system, the state forms, organize their own government, a national law, the state's domestic and foreign policies, etc. China suggests the countries, especially in north America and western Europe, respect the sovereignty , independence and territorial integrity of Syria. Do not let a second Lybia born.International assistance(supervise mode)Principle of state sovereignty has been widely recognized by the international community. China strongly condemn "the continued grave and systematic human rights violations by the Syrian authorities" and threatened punitive measures against the Middle East country”. To ensure the sovereignty of Middle East and North African countries be effectually protected, China suggests to form a supervise mode. The details of the supervise mode will be discussed in the next unmoderated cacus.CompensationAccording to history, 4800,000000,00000。
一、正式辩论Formal Debate1.点名Roll Call在这一阶段，主席助理会按国家的字母顺序依次点出国家名称，被点到的国家举起国家牌（Placard），并回答：“到（Present）”。
点名为每一个分组会议（Session）开始都要做的。
2.确定议题Setting the Agenda点名环节结束后，主席会问场下有无问题（Points）或动议（Motions），代表需要动议首先讨论议题A或B，以此开启确定议题的环节。
每个委员会（安理会和主新闻中心除外）将会有两个议题供代表们选择讨论，代表们通过辩论、投票，确定首先讨论的议题。
在确定议题阶段，主席将分别在赞成首先讨论议题A和赞成首先讨论议题B的国家中，随机点出数量对等的代表，建立临时性发言名单（Temporary Speakers' List），一正一反交叉进行发言。
阐述选择首先讨论该议题的原因、动机等，发言时间为90秒。
每6名代表发言结束后，主席会问场下是否有代表希望动议结束辩论（Motion to Close Debate），如动议未通过或无动议，则继续进行发言名单，如动议通过，将进行投票（Voting）。
直到有结束辩论的动议通过，本阶段辩论才结束，进而进行确定议题的投票。
投票原则为简单多数（Simple Majority），即50％＋1。
3.发言及让渡时间Speeches and YieldingA.产生发言名单Open the Speakers' List确定议题后，正式辩论（Formal Debate）开始。
主席会请需要发言的代表举国家牌，并随机点出国家名，代表发言的顺序即为主席点名的顺序，当代表听到自己国家被点到后，放下国家牌。
每位代表有120秒的初始发言时间（Speaking Time），可通过动议（Motion to Set Speaking Time）更改。
代表可在大屏幕上看到发言名单。
如需追加发言机会（国家名未在发言名单上或已经完成发言），可向主席台传意向条（Page）要求在发言名单上添加其代表国家，主席会将该国家名加在发言名单最后。
Honorable/Distinguished chairs, dear delegates, this is delegate from Vietnam. Delegate from Vietnam motions for a (un)Moderated Caucus. The topic is XXX, total time is XX minutes, individual time is XX seconds.Motion1: What should the end-user do to protect their own interests?Hacker attack has never stop, and the way that hacker chose become increasingly diversity. Spam mail is very popular. Virus injection and exploit Web server vulnerability are used widely and bring serious harmful. Hacking Windows server without patch packages is all the rage. Therefore, the difficulty of preventing them is increasing. There will always be some hackers to break through obstacles into the end-user’s computer. So, end-users should learn to protect their own interests. Firstly, they should capture trends, understand the risk of lost of individuals and society. Then, comply with regulations, processes to safeguard information. Last but not least, spend for the information security solutions, which are investment needed to protect their property and maintain their effective operations.Motion2: Today, the difficulties faced by the information security protection.Vietnam, as a developing country. There are still much problem about information security remain to solve. Legal problems: Many things to be corrected added or replaced. Financial problems: Short government budget, small IT market. We have to set up our Vietnam Computer Emergency Response Team(CERT) in high professional level, but with minimum expenses. Technical problems: Need a detail project for implementing all main issues of Vietnam CERT, for training and improving competence and knowledge of the staff. The same situation is in other developing countries. So, Vietnam hopes to establish our own Computer Emergency Response Team(CERT), which to share knowledge, information and experiences in organization works, to sponsor some project or training courses, practical training on works.Motion3: Human resource for information technology.Information technology is among industries which had high-demands for human resource. However, enterprises are not being able to recruit qualified employees. The quality of education seemed to go down compared to the needs of the business. Many IT experts reckon that improving the quality and quantity of human resources is eternal problem, especially in information technology. Dealing with this, organizations should establish policies for information security as following: Build a security plans for 3 to 5 years to ensure the initiative in information security. Quickly review, inspect and evaluate information security vulnerabilities, including the network, servers and workstations, have data backup system, devices purchase investment. Build and release information security regulations. Raising awareness and security technique in IT system.Motion4: What should the government do about the information security?The Vietnam government has spared no effort in trying to solve the problem of information security. And our government should complete the country’s legal framework including bylaws to handle cyber crimes, to regulate the procurement of technology equipment, to protect information for organizations, individuals, social networks and so on. Also, improve the organizational structure to safeguard information for the Party and the State. It’s very important that invest and develop the industry for manufacturing infrastructure technology equipment, develop information security solutions to reduce dependence on foreign suppliers.。
