目录1.How to Load a TVD Referenced Well Log into Petrel (1)2.Procedure for displaying production log data in pie chart form on a map in Petrel (1)3.Deleting Unwanted Well Tops That Have no Wells to Associate With in Petrel Software (3)4.Tips for Using Directions and Trends in the Pillar Gridding Process in Petrel2005 (3)5.How To Use Petrel2005to perform Seismic-based3D Property Modeling (4)6.Loading CheckShots with Non-zero Seismic Datum in Petrel (6)7.Digitizing Contours in Petrel (8)8.Defining Output Distributions when Modeling Sparse Petrophysical Data in Petrel (11)9.Running Uncertainty Volume Calculations Using Petrel Workflow Tools Using pre-defined workflows in Petrel (15)10.Modeling Net to Gross in Petrel Various methods for modeling the net to gross property in Petrel workflow tools (17)11.Real-time Modeling with Petrel (20)12.Creating Consistent and Accurate3D Grid Horizons with Horizon-Fault Intersections (22)13.Exporting Well Data from Geographix and Importing it into Petrel Software (25)14.Petrel Reservoir Engineering Core (28)15.Quick Depth Conversion Using Approximations to Analytical Functions in Petrel2005 (31)16.Petrel2005OpenSpirit Synchronization Tool Workflow (34)17.Importing,Editing and Displaying Borehole Unique Well IDs(UWI)in Petrel (35)18.Converting imported well coordinates for making designed points in Petrel well design process (38)19.Petrel RE2004replaces(and enhances)Schedule's functionality (41)20.Bricked Seismic Rendering and using Seismic Probes in Petrel (44)21.Upscaling from a fine grid to a coarse grid in Petrel (45)22.Upscaling from a fine grid to a coarse grid in Petrel (48)23.Displaying Time-Lapse Microseismic Data in Petrel (54)24.Improving Volumetric Estimates by Eliminating Pay Zones Too Thin to Exploit (56)25.Procedure for displaying production log data in pie chart form on a map in Petrel (57)26.Upscaling Water Saturation Logs Into a3D Grid (60)27.Deleting Unwanted Well Tops That Have no Wells to Associate With in Petrel Software (61)1.How to Load a TVD Referenced Well Log into PetrelLog files cannot be loaded into Petrel seismic-to-simulation software unless they are referenced to measured depth(MD).For loading into Petrel,a log file must have either MD or XYZ coordinates for each log s format standard requires MD as the depth channel. However,there are many instances when a well log has only a true vertical depth(TVD)channel. In these cases,the following work around must be used to load the log.(Note:A deviation survey must exist for the well.)1.Import the log file into Excel and remove all columns except the TVD column.2.Insert the number1in the second column.This increments by one each row,as follows:TVD Reference1222112232122433.Save the file as a text file.4.Insert a new checkshot in Petrel.5.Right-click on the checkshot folder and select Import.6.In the Import checkshots dialog,set the import settings to match the file.7.Toggle on Connect to Welltrace and select the correct well.8.Upon import,MD will be calculated from the well trace and this will be visible in the checkshots spreadsheet.9.In the checkshots spreadsheet,select the MD column and copy.10.In Excel,open the original log file,insert a new column,and paste the copied MD column into the new column.11.Save the file.12.Import the new well log file into Petrel using the Well Logs ASCII file type2.Procedure for displaying production log data in pie chart form on a map in PetrelProduction logs in the Petrel application can be displayed on a map window as pie charts,with multiple items displayed as pieces of the pie-for example Oil Production,Gas Production,and Water Production.The following procedure outlines the steps necessary to display production logs as a production pie chart in a map window.First,make sure the data appears in the global well log folder.This procedure will not work If aglobal well log does not exist for the production log.Right-click on the Attributes folder(under the Well Tops folder),and click Insert new attribute.●Set the attribute type to Continuous.●Name the attribute.●Select the correct template(for this example,Oil Production).●Select the Operations tab.The only thing you need to change here is the log to be used.Select the log that is to be used to make the new attribute,and then click Execute.This creates a new attribute.To display the attribute,open a map window,turn on the wells,and turn on the attribute and the associated well tops.To change the style of the display(from numbers to pie chart):Right-click on the well tops> settings>style tab.Here you can change it to symbol,pie chart,or azimuth.You can also determine the size, attribute,or cumulative sums.The result will be similar to the following:3.Deleting Unwanted Well Tops That Have no Wells to Associate With in Petrel SoftwareOn occasion,the Petrel software user would like to delete well tops that are no longer associated with a well in the project.The following procedure enables the user to identify and delete those tops.1.Create a depth log by using the well log calculator.Enter DEPT_new=DEPT with the Elevation General template and Sample MD from log DEPT.The new depth log DEPT_new is stored under Global Well logs.2.Right-click on the Well Tops attribute folder and select Insert new attribute.Select Continuous for attribute type.Go to the Attribute operations tab and use the newly created log DEPT_new.Click Execute.unch the Well Top spreadsheet and verify that the new attribute DEPT_new is listed here (note that some well tops do not have values populated in attribute DEPT_new).4.To sort the spreadsheet on the DEPT_new column,double-click on the DEPT_new column heading.Highlight the well tops with no value for DEPT_new.Click Delete to eliminate the well tops without associated wells.4.Tips for Using Directions and Trends in the Pillar Gridding Process in Petrel2005Pillar gridding in Petrel software is the process of making the skeleton framework of the3D model on which all other modeling and calculations are based.It is essential,therefore,to create a grid that accurately honors the faults.The Petrel application allows users to guide and control the skeleton grid by assigning directions to faults,inserting trend lines,and changing the number of cells in parts of the e the following tips to create a good framework:1.Start simple:Run the Pillar Gridding Process(press Apply to see the Mid skeleton)without using directions or trends.2.If directions and trends are necessary,start with just a few and then run the Pillar Gridding Process to see the results.3.All fault and trend directions of the same color should be roughly parallel to each other.4.All the red trends/directions should be roughly perpendicular to the green trends/directions.5.Trends cannot cross faults.6.Do not assign a direction to every fault.7.If necessary,use the"Set number of cells on connection"icon to force Petrel to use a certain number of cells in between two faultsor trends(when working with truncations or faults that have a high angle relative to each other). Press Apply and then OK in the Pillar Gridding Process to generate the Top and Base skeletons by extrapolating the pillars.Be sure to view the Top,Mid,and Base skeletons in3D view to determine whether your pillar geometry is acceptable.If it is not acceptable,additional refinement is needed.5.How To Use Petrel2005to perform Seismic-based3D Property ModelingSome notes on using Petrel2004to perform Seismic-based3D Property ModelingIt has been a recurrent theme since3D seismic became widely used;3D seismic traces are packed very densely(110'by110'bins,for example)-but well coverage is much more sparse. On the other hand,the vertical resolution of wells is much better than that of theseismic.We want to populate a model with petrophysical log properties-which aren't directly measured by seismic(seismic responds to Bulk&Shear Moduli and Density).How then do we approach this problem with the data at hand?What can we do?What should we do?The answer is accessed through Petrel's Process Tab:Process Tab>Utilities>Train Estimation Model>Input TabLet's examine the options:We can choose Classification or EstimationData Type:Seismic(or3D Properties)Method:Neural Net(currently,the only method)Training Data:All(not recommended for seismic;Petrel will be overwhelmed by the large number of samples in a typical seismic survey,and may lock or crash),Training Points(Well Tops or Point Set embedded in seismic),Log Data(for Estimation,Global Well Logspecified in Settings),Random traces(specify how many),or seismic Intersection.Choice of input data(right-hand window):choose multiple seismic attributes as inputs to the Estimation Modeling process.These may begenerated in Geophysics>Attribute Generation under the Process tab.The Corr(Correlation)Analysis tool allows you to study which of the attributes will contribute to the Classification or Estimation Task.This is a very large,complex topic in and of itself,and arguably the most important step.Suffice it say,however,that you want high correlationsof seismic attributes to whatever log you are trying to estimate in Estimation.For Classification, you need to select several attributes whichmeasure different physical characteristics and which have moderate to high correlations with each other.If they have perfect correlations,imeans that you're just looking at the same data stated in a different way;if the correlation is very low,they don't add additional informationto the analysis,only noise.Process Tab>Utilities>Train Estimation Model>Settings TabClassification can be done in an Unsupervised or Supervised manner.For Unsupervised,you need to choose the number of outputclasses.For Supervised,the number of output classes will be picked up from the Training Data, which must be selected from the pick-list.Estimation is always Supervised(by definition).The values for Training(error limit&convergence)Controls may have to be experimented with, but for the first run it's OK to accept thedefaults.Process Tab>Utilities>Train Estimation Model>Output TabThe only live options in the Process Tab are to Create New output,or to Update existing output.Although building an estimation model is certainly never a trivial matter,you can see that it is relatively easy from a workflow point of viewin Petrel.6.Loading CheckShots with Non-zero Seismic Datum in PetrelBy Dave PhillipsWhen building a project in Petrel software with a non-zero seismic reference datum (SRD),take care to ensure that checkshots properly reference travel times to the KellyBushing(KB)and SRD.This example shows how to calculate the parameters and loada checkshot for a well.The information needed for this loading process is KB,SRD,and Correction velocity (VCORR)for the seismic data.For this example,we will use:KB=5820ftSRD=6000ftVCORR=8000ft/secThe two-way times in the file(shown in Header info in Figure1)were corrected to the KB elevation.What we need to calculate is the time shift between the KB elevation and the SRD elevation.We use the formula:Reference offset time(ms)=2*(KB-SRD)/VCORR=2*(5820-6000)/8000=2*(-180)ft/(8000)ft/sec=-0.045sec=-45msecNote that if the KB elevation is above the SRD,the Reference Offset time will be positive instead of negative.This Reference Offset time is entered into the Import CheckShots Dialog box shown in Figure1.Other parameters that may need to be accounted for include:l TVD time/depth pairs are referenced to Ground level or some other elevation-this is accounted for inboth the Reference offset(ft)box and the Reference offset(ms)box.Note:MD can only be loaded if it isreferenced to KB.l Time and Depth values corrected to SRD-in this instance,the Reference offset(ft)would be thedifference between the KB and SRD,and the Reference offset(ms)would be zero.Reference offset=KB-SRD(positive if KB is above SRD,negative if KB is below SRD)The actual value of the SRD is never stored in Petrel software,but it is used in Depth conversion. To keeptrack of the SRD,it can be added as a comment in the Project Settings dialog,after your datum/spheroidinformation in the Datum column.7.Digitizing Contours in PetrelBy Cassandra LehmannCassandra is a Petrel training instructor in Houston.It is possible to digitize contour lines in Petrel workflow tools from bitmap images whendigital grids are unavailable.Surfaces can then be created from the contours and usedas input for a3D model.1.Import the image to be digitized into Petrel.Right click on a folder in the input tab of the Petrel Explorer and select Import on selection.2.An import dialog will appear.Select the file to be loaded and specify that it is a Bitmap Image.BMP,JPG,PCX,TIFF,and TGA are the supported formats.3.After the image is loaded to Petrel,you will see the object listed in the Input window,but it will not have a toggle box beside it to be displayed in a3D window.This is because the location needs to be defined.To define the XY location of the bitmap,right click on the object and select Settings.Here you will see a copy of the image.Click on Located in World,specify which corner is the origin and then enter in the coordinates for three of the corners.When that is done click OK.4.To begin digitizing the contours,display the image in a3D window and go to the Make/Edit Polygons process in the Process Diagram under Utilities.All the contours in the image need to be digitized in a single polygon e the functions available on the tool bar(on the right)to digitize the polygons.Petrophysical Data in Petrel9.Running Uncertainty Volume Calculations Using Petrel Workflow Tools Using pre-defined workflows in Petrel10.Modeling Net to Gross in Petrel Various methods for modeling the net to gross property in Petrel workflow tools11.Real-time Modeling with PetrelThe well trajectories and structural tops can be compared before and after drilling in a well section window.Also the synthetic facies log can be compared to the actual facies log to determine the degree of certainty in the model.There is an obvious shift in elevation of the top of the reservoir structurethat is apparent after updating the model with real data.These real-time techniques often prove valuable for staying within thinly bedded sand/shale reservoirs with horizontal wells.Updating the model can be done periodically during the drilling process to make new predictions with the latest data.One of the most critical factors governing these techniques is timing.It is imperative to get the data from the field into the model quickly to make decisions how to direct or'steer'the well while it is being drilled.12.Creating Consistent and Accurate3D Grid Horizons with Horizon-Fault Intersections13.Exporting Well Data from Geographix and Importing it into Petrel Software14.Petrel Reservoir Engineering Core15.Quick Depth Conversion Using Approximations to Analytical Functions in Petrel2005Petrel can be used for depth conversion using a blocky approximation to an analytical lookup function.This may be useful in frontier areas with little or no velocity control.The resulting velocity model may be used to depth convert Petrel3D grids or seismic.16.Petrel2005OpenSpirit Synchronization Tool WorkflowThe Petrel OpenSpirit(OSP)synchronization tool has been significantly improved for Petrel 2005.Most recently updated data(whether in Petrel or another application)is now color-coded. Green indicates that data was last modified in the Petrel application(and may need to be exported to the application from which the data was originally transferred).Red indicates that the item was last modified in an external application(such as the GeoFrame integrated reservoir characterization system),and that the data will need to be re-imported into the Petrel application.The following workflow explains how to update the Petrel application by using the synchronization tool after a GeoFrame item(in this example,a well top)has been changed.The workflow assumes that the data has already been transferred via OSP into the Petrel project.(If no data has been transferred,the synchronization tool tab will be blank.)If the data item is edited in the GeoFrame application,the change will be seen immediately in the data selector.1.Go to Project>OpenSpirit Settings.2.Under the Synchronization Tool tab,click Update Last Modify Dates.This shows you the data altered in the Petrel project without having to trace the hierarchy.)If you choose View Diff Only,only the changed data item(s)will be displayed.For export or re-import to be active,you must click Update Last Modify Dates.The items that have changed should be highlighted in red and have a>symbol.3.Select the red highlighted item(s)to update in the Petrel project.Hold down the Shift or Control button to select multiple items.4.Click Re-import to synchronize the data between the Petrel and GeoFrame applications.A message box displays what has(or has not)been updated.Once the data item has been updated in the Petrel project,the red highlight will disappear and the>symbol will become an=.5.Quality-check the data.The workflow for updating data items in the GeoFrame application(from the Petrel application) is similar,but he highlight will be green instead of red.17.Importing,Editing and Displaying Borehole Unique Well IDs (UWI)in PetrelHow to import UWIs into PetrelRules:1.UWIs must be imported in the Well Head file using the Well Head file type.2.UWIs must be imported at the same time with the Well Name,X,Y,Top depth,and Bottom depth.3.The file must contain a column for the Well Name to be imported(you cannot otherwise import the UWI for a well).The Well Name can be blank(use closed quotation marks).If a blank well name is provided,the Petrel application will automatically name the wells in consecutive order:Well Path1,Well Path2,etc.Naming Convention:1.UWIs can be any combination of letters,numbers,special characters,and spaces.2.If the UWI contains spaces in the name,it must be enclosed by quotation marks.3.If a UWI does not exist for a well in the file,the file must contain closed quotation marks(see the example below).Importing:1.Right click-on the Wells folder>Import on Selection.2.Choose file type:Well heads(*.*),select file,then click Open.3.The import Well Heads window is displayed.Assign the correct attribute to each column,then press18.Converting imported well coordinates for making designed points in Petrel well design process19.Petrel RE2004replaces(and enhances)Schedule's functionality20.Bricked Seismic Rendering and using Seismic Probes in Petrel21.Upscaling from a fine grid to a coarse grid in Petrel22.Upscaling from a fine grid to a coarse grid in Petrel。
