北外大三汉译法经典例题解析

北外翻译专业考研试题及答案试题：北外翻译专业考研模拟试题一、词汇翻译（每题2分，共20分）1. 请将下列中文词汇翻译成英文：- 创新- 可持续发展- 人工智能- 国际贸易- 文化多样性2. 请将下列英文词汇翻译成中文：- Globalization- E-commerce- Biodiversity- Climate change- Human rights二、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）3. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文：- 随着科技的不断进步，我们的生活变得越来越便捷。

- 教育是提升一个国家整体素质的关键。

- 保护环境是每个公民的责任。

4. 将下列英文句子翻译成中文：- "Knowledge is power" is a well-known proverb that encourages continuous learning.- The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.- Environmental protection should be a priority for governments worldwide.三、段落翻译（每题25分，共50分）5. 将下列中文段落翻译成英文：随着全球化的深入发展，跨国公司在世界经济中扮演着越来越重要的角色。

它们不仅推动了国际贸易的增长，还促进了文化交流和技术创新。

6. 将下列英文段落翻译成中文：In the face of climate change, it is imperative that we take immediate action. Sustainable practices must be adopted to reduce our carbon footprint, and international cooperation is essential to address this global challenge.答案：一、词汇翻译1. 创新 - Innovation可持续发展 - Sustainable development人工智能 - Artificial intelligence国际贸易 - International trade文化多样性 - Cultural diversity2. 全球化 - Globalization电子商务 - E-commerce生物多样性 - Biodiversity气候变化 - Climate change人权 - Human rights二、句子翻译3. 随着科技的不断进步，我们的生活变得越来越便捷。

北外⾼翻同传专业翻译课考试资料--by李长栓2010年北京外国语⼤学⾼级翻译学院⼊学考试备⽤试卷参考译⽂（汉译英部分）李长栓三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）⽓候变化对中国农业⽣产、粮⾷安全、经济发展、⽣态保护、⽔资源利⽤、公共健康保障都将带来重⼤威胁。

积极应对⽓候变化是中国实现可持续发展的内在要求。

中国正处在全⾯建设⼩康社会的关键时期, 处于⼯业化、城镇化加快发展的重要阶段,发展经济和减缓⽓候变化任务⼗分繁重。

在⽬前的发展阶段,能源结构以煤为主,经济结构性⽭盾仍然突出,增长⽅式依然粗放,能源资源利⽤效率较低,能源需求还将继续增长,控制温室⽓体排放⾯临巨⼤压⼒和特殊困难。

（209字）译⽂：Climate change [1]will pose serious challenges to China's food production[2], economic development, ecological conservation, exploitation of water resources and public health, and must be effectively addressed for sustainable development. On the other hand[3],this is the crucial stage to achieving the country‘s target of a complete-xiaokangsociety[4], during which faster industrialisation and urbanisation is necessary. China is therefore faced with the double challenge of growth and mitigation[5]. In addition[6], dependence on coal as the main energy source, energy intensive growth and low energy efficiency will trigger greater energy demand, and emission control will become an even[7] greater challenge.[1]汉译英考试，考查的是学⽣的英⽂表达能⼒。

北外高翻译考试试题及参考译文2017年北外高翻译考试试题及参考译文Bitter pills may have wholesome effects.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年北外高翻译考试试题及参考译文，希望能给大家带来帮助!一、将下列段落译为汉语(25分)Fifteen years ago at the Fourth World Conference on Women. Governments pledged to advance equality, development and peace for all women everywhere. The landmark Beijing Declaration has had a deep and wide-ranging impact. It has guided policymaking and inspired new national laws. It has sent a clear message to women and girls around the world that equality and opportunity are their inalienable rights.There are many examples of progress, thanks in large part to the resolute efforts of civil society organizations. A growing number of countries have legislation thatsupports sexual and reproductive health and promotes gender equality.Nonetheless, much work remains. Maternal mortality remains unacceptably high, too few women have access to family planning, and violence against women remainsa cause for global shame. In particular, sexual violence during conflict is endemic.One key lesson of the past decade and a half is the importance of addressing broader discrimination and injustice. Gender stereotyping and discrimination remain common in all cultures and communities. Early and forced marriage. sexual abuse and trafficking of young women and girls are disturbingly prevalent and, in some areas, on the rise. Whether lookingthrough the lens of poverty. or in times of disaster, we see that women still bear the greatest burden.15年前，在第四次妇女问题世界会议上，各国政府承诺为造福世界各地所有妇女而推进平等、发展与和平。

北外考研翻硕试题及答案模拟试题：北京外国语大学翻译硕士入学考试模拟题一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. The word "ubiquitous" is most nearly synonymous with:A. CommonB. UnusualC. RareD. Unique2. In the sentence "The company has been successful despite the economic downturn," the phrase "despite" is used to indicate:A. A causeB. A reasonC. An obstacleD. A method3. Choose the correct grammatical structure for the sentence: "When I am done with my homework, _______."A. I will go out for a walkB. will I go out for a walkC. I go out for a walkD. go out for a walk I4. The correct use of the verb "to flatter" in a sentence is:A. She flattered him to get the job.B. She flattered him into getting the job.C. She flattered to get the job.D. She was flattered to get the job.5. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word: "The _______ of the old building was a significant loss to the community."A. DestructionB. ConstructionC. FoundationD. Installation二、阅读理解（共30分）Read the following passage and answer the questions:Passage:The rise of digital technology has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and learn. It has opened up new opportunities for innovation and creativity, but it has also brought about challenges. One of the significant challengesis the digital divide, which refers to the gap between those who have ready access to computers and the internet and those who do not. This divide is not only a technological issue but also a social and economic one, as it can affect education, employment, and social inclusion.6. What does the term "digital divide" refer to?A. The gap between different digital technologiesB. The disparity in access to digital technologyC. The difference in digital literacy ratesD. The variety of digital devices available7. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a consequence of the digital divide?A. Limited access to educationB. Reduced opportunities for innovationC. Inequality in social inclusionD. Impact on employment opportunities8. What is the primary concern regarding the digital divide mentioned in the passage?A. It is a technological issue.B. It is a social and economic issue.C. It hinders technological progress.D. It increases the cost of digital devices.9. The passage suggests that digital technology has had which of the following impacts?A. It has only positive effects.B. It has both positive and negative effects.C. It has led to a decline in traditional forms of communication.D. It has no impact on the way people work.10. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The benefits of digital technology.B. The challenges of the digital divide.C. The need for more digital devices.D. The importance of digital literacy.三、翻译（共50分）11. 将下列中文段落翻译成英文（25分）：随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。

英语翻译三级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（10）英语翻译三级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（10）(1/1)Section ⅠEnglish Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese .第1题OxfordWhen language learners arrive in Oxford, many ask where the university is, thinking that they will be shown just one building. It′s up to their teachers to explain that Oxford university is made up of a collection of many different colleges and institutions, each with its own history and characteristics.There are many other surprises that learners discover about the city and its university. Katie Jennings is a social organizer at King′s St Joseph′s Hall in East Oxford, and it is her job to organize activities for learners outside of lesson time. She says many learners are surprised to discover that Oxford is a home to a wide variety of nationalities and ethnic groups, and one of the most popular social events is a night out at one of the town′s Latin American dance clubs. After a day spent learning English and absorbing the ancient atmosphere of the university, learners can samba the night away.The city also has a thriving Asian community, and the sight of women in saris is as common in Oxford′s streets as academics in gowns and mortarboards. There is also a mouth-watering selection of Asian restaurants serving curries, as well as shops stocked with exotic vegetables and fruits.The city has attracted such a diverse population not only because of the university, but also because it is an important industrial centre which is known for car manufacturing amongother things. In spite of large industrial areas, the old of the city centre has remained surprisingly intact. Carmel Engin, who teaches at the Lake School, says many learners are surprised to find that the city is free from the usual high-rise modem buildings. "From the centre of Oxford, you can see green hills in the distance, and this will make learners deeply feel that they are in a small, friendly town, but not just another modem metropolis.Some learners will be tempted to explore those green hills—Oxford is surrounded by some of the most beautiful countryside in southem England—but, as Engin admits, with so much to do and see in the city, few learners find the time to explore its surroundings.Oxford has developed some imaginative initiatives for language learners. One is a local radio station which broadcasts news and provides information for learners. They can visit the station to get experience in radio production. Or they can meet university students in pubs and clubs or at one of the many campus sports facilities which are open to language learners. _____下一题(1/1)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationTranslate the following passage into English .第2题我们污染了空气清洁的空气对于健康是至关重要。

北京语言大学大学英语三级B级-翻译专项试题一、大学英语三级翻译英译汉1． As you have done the market survey, I would like to discuss with you the possibility of selling our products in the US.A) 因为美国产品有市场，所以我们要研究开发我们产品的可能性。

B) 因为你有市场资料，所以我希望与你讨论美国产品的销售情况。

C) 你已经作了市场调查，所以我想和你讨论在美国销售我们产品的可能性。

D) 你已了解了市场，因此我希望能与你商讨在美国开发我们产品的可能性。

【答案】C2．The general manager public relations person as well as the head of the company’s management.A) 总经理不仅要当好公关人员，而且要领导好公司。

B) ，也一定要当好公司的领导。

C) 总经理不仅是公司的管理首脑，还必须起某种公关人物的作用。

D) 总经理要管理好自己的公司，首先必须管理好公司的公关人员。

【答案】C3． If you require , your application should be in the Student Financial Aid Services at least three weeks before your registration date.A) 如果你需要资助学费，应向助学办公室提出申请，。

B) 如果你需要申请贷款交纳学费，你应该至少在三周内到助学办公室登记注册。

C) 如果你需要减免学费，应到助学办公室提出申请，手续。

D) 如果你需要学费资助，最迟应该在注册日期三周前将你的申请交到助学办公室。

【答案】D4． Women would double their risk of suffering from lung cancer if they were exposed to 40 or more years of household tobacco smoke.A) 妇女在家里吸烟长达410年或更长时间，她们患肺癌的痛苦就会加倍。

复语英汉互译2009I.将下列文章译成汉语(50分)India and China need help to grow, not hectoringEvery time there is a spike in oil prices, or when food costs more, or there is a renewed worry about carbon and climate change, academics, pundits, and the press immediately point to the high-consumption future of India and China.They are wrong to do so when we consider the causes of energy and food challenges, and, more importantly, when we think of the actions and policies needed to manage changes in coming decades. If it is questionable that India and China are to blame for the global energy crunch, it is even less acceptable to expect them to adhere to pleas to moderate their energy consumption.Historically, energy consumption has correlated with economic growth. The present debate over energy often focuses on two dimensions: climate change (from greenhouse gases), and the scarcity of fossil fuels.With growing populations and economies, India and China will certainly consume a growing fraction of global resources, but they consume only 3 per cent and 9 per cent, respectively, of the world's petroleum today. The global leader, the US, consumes just under a quarter.Looking at future options, why does it matter if India and China are or are not similar in terms of energy consumption and needs? Global treaties aim to modify future consumption, and mechanisms or formulae that are considered fair (and likely to be ratified) must be cognizant of differences. Given the differences in their systems, needs, and incentives, a proposal meant to appeal to both may not appeal to either. Without global participation, no solution is likely work.China already has the world's second-largest electricity grid, and, at current rates of growth, it will soon become the largest electricity producer in the world. Like India, most of this is based on coal, the least “green” of the leading fossil fuels.India's present installed electricity capacity is not in the same league. The result is that, for the coming decade, it will not be able to grow at a rate anywhere near that of China. In absolute net growth, the US will add more than twice as much capacity than India in 2007-08.China's growth of energy consumption has been positive for its population. It has now provided electricity to an estimated 98 per cent of households, unlike India or Africa. India has not met its energy growth targets even in the absence of carbon constraints – can we realistically expect it to moderate due to global concerns when it will say it is not the prime polluter?(425)II.将下列短文译成汉语(25分)The Cause of EarthquakesThe earth is divided into three main layers - a hard outer crust, a soft middle layer and a center core. The outer crust is broken into massive, irregular pieces called "plates." These plates move very slowly, driven by energy forces deep within the earth. Earthquakes occur when these moving plates grind and scrape against each other.In California, the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate meet. The Pacific Plate covers most of the Pacific Ocean floor and the California coastline. The North American Plate stretches across the North American continent and parts of the Atlantic Ocean. The primary boundary between them is the San Andreas Fault. It is more than 650 miles long and extends 10 miles deep. Many smaller faults, such as the Hayward Fault, branch from the San Andreas Fault.The Pacific Plate grinds northwestward past the North American Plate at a rate of about two inches per year. Parts of the San Andreas Fault system adapt to this movement by a constant "creep" resulting in frequent, moderate, earth tremors. In other areas, movement is not constant and strain can build up for hundreds of years resulting in strong earthquakes when it is released.Unlike other natural disasters, there is no warning for earthquakes. Future earthquakes are a serious threat to Californians, which is why the Fire Department recommends preparing before an earthquake hits. (232)III. 将下列文章译成英语(50分)“将来韵韵考上‘北大’或‘牛津’，我可能都不会这么兴奋!”魏伦斯感慨道。

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2010年北京外国语大学汉教真题及答案解析
第一部分汉语语言学基础知识
一、填空题
1.普通话
2.音译结合的符号系统
3.方言
4.北方方言
5.音高
6.辨义作用
7.O
8.舌尖后
9.Q
10.撮口呼
11.能否独立运用
12.基本
13.两个不同的词根
14.特点
15.动宾
16.理性意义
17.结构的凝固性
18.情景语境
19.意义和关系
20.语序和虚词
21.结构上是否互作句法成分
22.划分词类
23.兼语
24.情态
25.条件
二、判断题
1F2T3F4T5F6F7T8T9F10F11T12F13F 14F15T
三、选择题。

北外翻译学英汉同传复习资料英汉互译翻译技巧1.拆句法和合并法：这是两种相对应的翻译方法。

拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉；合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。

汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。

所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句；而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。

这样就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。

如：（1）Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。

（在主谓连接处拆译）（2）I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。

中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。

（在定语从句前拆译）（3）This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth,who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account。

英联邦各国尤其如此，它们认为英国加入欧共体，将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。

北京外国语大学2003年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷Ⅰ．将以下单句译成汉语。

〔25分〕1. Poets are born, but orators are made.2. There exists today new opportunities for promotion of DNP〔裁军和不扩散〕education and training at all levels, primarily, thanks to the revolution in technology and communication.3. Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.4. China looks to Hollywood much like the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge must look to the oil industry: vast, untapped and potentially fat.5. Beyond torturing Germany’s relationship with the United States, the go-it-alone stance, coming from a government that has presented itself as a sworn adherent of multilateralism, tends to diminish Be rlin’s influence among its EU neighbours.Ⅱ．将以下短文译成汉语。

1. 一定要不断提高人民的生活水平。

应该说这是一个国人耳熟能详的句子，看似简单，但要译成准确、地道的法语，应注意避免下面的翻译：[误] Il faut augmenter sans cesse le niveau de vie du peuple.最主要的问题是，augmenter与其宾语名词le niveau属于比较常见的法语动宾搭配不当，因为augmenter虽然有“提高、增加”的意思，但其宾语一般都是内含数字或数量概念的名词，如augmenter le salaire，augmenter la température，augmenter le prix等，而本句中的“水平”显然指的是生活质量，属抽象或概念化名词。

另外，“人民”这个词法译时，要尽可能少用le peuple，因为le peuple在法语里具有很强的政治和国家色彩，是个非常郑重的字眼。

即便希拉克讲话，也常用诸如Fran?aises et Fran?ais, mes chers compatriotes, la population等词语替代。

其实，汉语里所说的人民，多数情况下就是“民众、大众、老百姓”的意思。

所以，建议将上面那句汉语改译成：[正] Il faut que le niveau de vie de la population s'élève sans cesse / s'améliore de plus en plus. // Il faut rendre la vie de la population de meilleure en meilleure.2. 这场报告抓住了很多听众的心。

[误] Ce rapport a saisi le coeur de beaucoup d'auditeurs.首先，法语的rapport纵然有“报告”之意，也多为书面的总结报告，而且写了是用来“看”和“审读”的，不是用作“听”的。

复盘2019年北外MTI汉英翻译真题（下篇）近年来，北外在MTI考试中越来越重视对于中国传统⽂化、历史哲学和审美思想的考查，⽆论是先前的“天⼈合⼀”还是“孔⼦⽣平”，都需要同学们对这些“极为简约却⾼度概括”的词汇有清楚的认识，⽐如“天”、“仁”、“道”、“礼”、“德”等等概念，既要知道如何⽤⼀个句⼦充分概述其中的内涵，也要学会使⽤⼀个单词简要地指代对应概念。

2019年12⽉的北外MTI汉英翻译真题就是⼀个很好的例⼦，现在⽼师带⼤家全⾯复盘这篇当时令⽆数考⽣抓狂的⽂本，把原⽂掰开了揉碎了为⼤家分析清楚，并教会⼤家如何处理此类⽂本。

我们接着上期内容，来看朱熹和谭嗣同的部分：“朱熹同意程颐的说法，将仁看作“爱之理，⼼之德”，认为“爱是恻隐，恻隐是情，其理则谓之仁。

⼈之所以为⼈，其理则天地之理，其⽓则天地之⽓”。

1. ⾸先我们讨论“为⼈”和“⾮⼈”的问题，2015年的真题中也出现过“⽆是⾮之⼼，⾮⼈也”这样的句⼦。

许多同学（包括很多参考书）都将其翻译为non-human，这是值得商榷的：儒学讨论的“⾮⼈”并⾮是在强调物种意义上的界限，⽽是“⼈（或君⼦）作为具有精神与⽂明的动物，与寻常动物（或⼩⼈）有着本质的区别”，因此这⾥⽤civility, civilized, educated, well-mannered, well-behaved等强调精神素养（⽽⾮⽣物属性）类的词汇都是可以的。

2. 这句话的另⼀个难点在于处理“爱”、“情”、“理”、“⼼”和“德”这四个概念，可以说，这四个关键词都属于抽象层⾯的形⽽上概念，本⾝就⾮常虚⽆缥缈，还要两两安排修饰关系，难度很⼤。

不过同学们可以采⽤递进式的选词策略处理这⼀难题：3. 在“恻隐”这⼀概念有明确对应词sympathy的基础上，我们将“恻隐”上⾯⼀层的“爱”朝着感性的⽅向翻译，反之，将“恻隐”下层的“情”和“理”逐级朝着理性的⽅向翻译：to love is to sympathize, and sympathy belongs to emotion whose ultimate essence is ren.4. 其次是处理“天地”这样的传统⽂化词汇，⼤家只要挑出字⾯意思，不要机械地翻译成sky and earth这样具体特指之物就好，⽽应选择nature, universe等更具抽象意味的概念参考翻译Zhu Xi, another Confucian philosopher in the Song dynasty, agrees with Cheng Hao and, further, claims that ren is the li (principle) of benevolence and the essence of mental betterment (literally, heart). Zhu Xi thinks to love is to sympathize and sympathy belongs to emotion whose ultimate essence is ren. Human being is different from other creatures because we hold the same li and qi (literally air and breath, meaning spirit and vigor in Chinese) with that of the universe.译⽂备注1. universe的其中⼀个义项就是“a person's life, including all of the people, places, and ideas which affect them”。

北外英汉同传、北外翻译硕士考试汉译英牢记“八戒”一、戒“从一而终”汉语言简意赅，句子灵活，往往是一个汉语词汇对应N 个英语词汇，具体到在本句中应该采用哪个意项，务必抓住精神实质，不可以以不变应万变。

至于怎么应变，这就是显示译者功力的地方了。

比如：都是“问题”，下面的翻译各不相同，几乎是打一枪换一个地方。

共同关心的问题questions of common interest；解决问题solve a problem问题的关键the heart of the matter；关键问题 a key problem原则问题a question/matter of principle；没有什么问题without any mishap摩托车有点问题Something is wrong with the motorcycle.；问题不在这里That is not the point. 译者要掌握这种汉英翻译中的“游击战术”，翻译家应是不同“文化王国”边境线上的“游击战略家”。

二、戒望文生义，机械直译这多半是初学者常犯的毛病，他们易于被表面现象所迷惑。

黄牛(yellow cow——ox 前误后正，下同) ；黄鹂(yellow bird ——oriole)黄瓜( yellow melon——cucumber) ；紫菜(purple vegetable ——laver)红木(red wood——padauk) ；红豆杉(red fir——Chinese yew)黑社会(black society ——sinister gang)三、戒“水土不服”，习惯搭配失当这的确是难度系数较大的问题，它要求译者既有较高的中文修养，又要有较高的英文造诣，一知半解的人常常在此“翻车”。

如：写罢，掷笔在桌上。

又歌了一回，再饮数杯酒，不觉沉醉，力不胜酒，便呼酒保计算了，取些银子算还，多的都赏了酒保。

And tossed the pen on the table. He intoned the verses to himself,then downed a few more cups of wine. He was very dunk. Song-Jiang asked for the bill, paid, and told the waiter to keep the change.(沙博里译《水浒传·浔阳楼宋江吟反诗》)目前，《水浒传》最好的英译本要数沙博里先生的本子了。

2010年北京外国语大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解I. Translate the following terms into Chinese. (15 points, 1 point each)1. UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织2. NASA【答案】美国国家航天航空局3. Diet of Japan【答案】日本国国会4. FDI【答案】国际牙科联合会；外国直接投资5. CCTV （not 中国中央电视台）【答案】闭路电视6. FBI【答案】美国联邦调查局7. GM crop【答案】转基因作物8. IAEA【答案】国际原子能组织9. opportunity cost【答案】机会成本10. Keynesians【答案】凯恩斯学派11. the Tories【答案】英国保守党12. the State Department in Washington 【答案】位于华盛顿的美国国务院13. the Treasury Department of the U.S. 【答案】美国财政部14. protectionism【答案】保护主义15. Balance of Payments【答案】国际收支平衡表II. Translate the following terms into English. (15 points, 1 point each) 1. 中国特色的社会主义【答案】Socialism with Chinese characteristics2. 科学发展观【答案】the Scientific Outlook on Development3. 全面建设小康社会【答案】building a moderately prosperous society in all respects4. 以人为本【答案】people-oriented5. 宏观经济调控【答案】macroeconomic regulation6. 自主创新能力【答案】independent innovation capability7. 完善人民币汇率形成机制【答案】strengthen the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate8. 中西医并重【答案】place importance on both Chinese and western medicine9. 突发事件应急管理机制【答案】regulation system for public emergencies10. 港人治港【答案】Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong11. 构建两岸关系和平发展框架【答案】build up a framework for the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations12. 知足常乐【答案】A contented mind is a perpetual feast13. 水火无情【答案】Fire and water have no mercy14. 祸从口出【答案】A man may dig his grave with his teeth15. 一蹶不振【答案】reach the excess of failure from which he never rose againIII. Translate the following passages into Chinese. (60 points)1. Acting recently as an expert witness in a murder trial, I became aware of a small legal problem caused by the increasingly multicultural nature of our society. According to English law, a man is guilty of murder if he kills someone with the intention either to kill or to injure seriously. But he is guilty of the lesser crime of manslaughter if he has been sufficiently provoked or if his state of mind at the time was abnormal enough to reduce his responsibility. The legal test here is a comparison with the supposedly ordinary man—the man on the Clapham omnibus, as the legal cliché has it. Would that ordinary person feel provoked under similar circumstances? Was the accused’s state of mind at the time of the killing very different from that of an average man?【参考译文】最近，我在一个谋杀案的审讯中作为专业证人出庭。

北外英语专业超全面翻译笔记第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。

2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。

或减少到。

Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。

二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。

5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent energy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。

[文章来‎源：北外网‎院学生论坛‎]问‎:关于中国‎人名英译一‎直有一个问‎题，就是在‎翻译人名的‎时候我发现‎有很多都不‎是直接用汉‎语拼音来表‎达。

比如我‎见到的名片‎Davi‎d Kao‎(高)、‎J ohnn‎y Tse‎n g(曾)‎。

请问这里‎有什么规则‎吗？‎答：一、威‎妥玛拼音方‎案和汉语拼‎音方案对比‎剑桥大学‎汉语教授威‎妥玛 (1‎818—1‎895 ，‎英）在华任‎职期间，为‎方便外国人‎（主要是使‎用英语的人‎）学习和掌‎握汉语，由‎他根据北京‎读书音制订‎的拉丁字母‎拼音方案给‎汉字注音。

‎这个方案以‎后被普遍用‎来拼写中国‎的人名、地‎名等，一般‎称为威妥玛‎拼音。

19‎58 年2‎月11日,‎全国人大批‎准颁布《中‎文拼音方案‎》后，威妥‎玛拼音停止‎使用。

《中‎文拼音方案‎》1958‎年2月11‎日,全国人‎大批准颁布‎《中文拼音‎方案》,这‎是中国人自‎己按照科学‎的语音学原‎理制定的专‎门拼写标准‎普通话的方‎案； 19‎79年起，‎联合国决定‎采用《中文‎拼音方案》‎作为在各种‎拉丁字母文‎字中中国人‎名、地名的‎标准；19‎81年8月‎，国际标准‎化组织通过‎决议，规定‎把《中文拼‎音方案》作‎为文献工作‎中拼写有关‎中国的名称‎、词语的国‎际标准。

1‎997 年‎美国国会图‎书馆采用汉‎语拼音方案‎。

虽然该方‎案在大陆地‎区被废止，‎但在中国大‎陆以外地区‎仍旧被广泛‎使用，比如‎现在大部分‎中国台湾人‎的姓名英译‎，都是采用‎威妥玛拼音‎方案所拼写‎出来的。

‎二、中文‎姓名音译说‎明外文资‎料中文姓名‎音译通常采‎用的是威妥‎玛拼音，但‎是有些音译‎并不规范，‎已形成了一‎些习惯用法‎。

如：孔‎子 kon‎f uciu‎s孙中山‎sun ‎y at-s‎e n 毛泽‎东 Mao‎Z edon‎g蒋介石‎Chia‎n g Ka‎i-she‎k‎三、威妥玛‎拼音和汉语‎拼音对照表‎Wad‎e-Gil‎e s/ P‎i nyin‎a a‎a i ai‎an a‎nang‎ang‎a o ao‎cha ‎z hac‎h'a c‎h ach‎a i zh‎a ich‎'ai c‎h aic‎h an z‎h anc‎h'an ‎c han‎c hang‎zhan‎gch'‎a ng c‎h ang‎c hao ‎z hao‎c h'ao‎chao‎che ‎z hec‎h'e c‎h ech‎e n zh‎e nch‎'en z‎h enc‎h eng ‎z heng‎ch'e‎n g ch‎e ng c‎h i ji‎ch'i‎qic‎h ia j‎i ach‎'ia q‎i ach‎i ang ‎j iang‎ch'i‎a ng q‎i ang ‎c hiao‎jiao‎ch'i‎a o qi‎a och‎i eh j‎i ech‎'ieh ‎q iec‎h ien ‎j ian‎c h'ie‎n qia‎nchi‎h zhi‎ch'i‎h chi‎chin‎jin‎c h'in‎qin‎c hing‎jing‎ch'i‎n g qi‎n gch‎i u ji‎uch'‎i u qi‎uchi‎u ng j‎i ong ‎c h'iu‎n g qi‎o ng c‎h o zh‎u och‎'o ch‎u och‎o u zh‎o uch‎'ou c‎h ouc‎h u zh‎uch'‎u chu‎chua‎zhua‎chua‎i zhu‎a ich‎'uai ‎c huai‎chua‎n zhu‎a n ch‎'uan ‎c huan‎chua‎n g zh‎u ang ‎c h'ua‎n g ch‎u ang ‎c hui ‎z hui‎c h'ui‎chui‎chun‎zhun‎ch'u‎n chu‎nchu‎n g zh‎o ngc‎h'ung‎chon‎g chü‎juc‎h'ü q‎uchü‎a n ju‎a n ch‎'üan ‎q uan ‎c hüeh‎jue‎c h'üe‎h que‎chün‎jun‎c h'ün‎qun‎e n en‎erh ‎e rfa‎faf‎a n fa‎nfan‎g fan‎gfei‎fei‎f en f‎e nfe‎n g fe‎n gfo‎fof‎o u fo‎ufu ‎f uha‎hah‎a i ha‎ihan‎han‎h ang ‎h ang ‎h ao h‎a ohe‎i hei‎hen ‎h enh‎e ng h‎e ng h‎o he‎h ou h‎o uhs‎i xi‎h sia ‎x iah‎s iang‎xian‎g hsi‎a o xi‎a o hs‎i eh x‎i ehs‎i en x‎i anh‎s in x‎i nhs‎i ng x‎i ng h‎s iu x‎i uhs‎i ung ‎x iong‎hsü‎x uhs‎üan x‎u an h‎süeh ‎x ueh‎sün x‎u nhu‎huh‎u a hu‎ahua‎n hua‎n hua‎n g hu‎a ng h‎u i hu‎ihun‎hun‎h ung ‎h ong ‎h uo h‎u oi ‎y ija‎n ran‎jang‎rang‎jao ‎r aoj‎e re‎j en r‎e nje‎n g re‎n gji‎h ri‎j o ru‎ojou‎rou‎j u ru‎juan‎ruan‎jui ‎r uij‎u n ru‎njun‎g ron‎gka ‎g ak'‎a ka‎k ai g‎a ik'‎a i ka‎ikan‎gan‎k'an ‎k ank‎a ng g‎a ng k‎'ang ‎k ang ‎k ao g‎a ok'‎a o ka‎okei‎gei‎k en g‎e nk'‎e n ke‎n ken‎g gen‎gk'e‎n g ke‎n g ko‎gek‎'o ke‎kou ‎g ouk‎'ou k‎o uku‎guk‎'u ku‎kua ‎g uak‎'ua k‎u aku‎a i gu‎a ik‎u an g‎u ank‎'uan ‎k uan ‎k uang‎guan‎g k'u‎a ng k‎u ang ‎k uei ‎g uik‎'uei ‎k uik‎u n gu‎nk'u‎n kun‎kung‎gong‎k'un‎g kon‎g kuo‎guo‎k'uo ‎k uol‎a la‎l ai l‎a ila‎n lan‎lang‎lang‎lao ‎l aol‎e le‎l ei l‎e ile‎n g le‎n gli‎lil‎i ang ‎l iang‎liao‎liao‎lieh‎lie‎l ien ‎l ian‎l in l‎i nli‎n g li‎n gli‎u liu‎lo l‎u olo‎u lou‎lu l‎ulua‎n lua‎nlun‎lun‎l ung ‎l ong‎lü lü‎lüan‎luan‎lüeh‎lüe‎m a ma‎mai ‎m aim‎a n ma‎n man‎g man‎g mao‎mao‎m ei m‎e ime‎n men‎meng‎meng‎mia‎o mia‎o mie‎h mie‎mien‎mian‎min ‎m inm‎i ng m‎i ng m‎i u mi‎u mo ‎m omo‎u mou‎mu m‎una ‎n ana‎i nai‎nan ‎n ann‎a ng n‎a ng n‎a o na‎onei‎nei‎n en n‎e nne‎n g ne‎n g ni‎nin‎i ang ‎n iang‎niao‎niao‎nieh‎nie‎n ien ‎n ian ‎n in n‎i nn‎i ng n‎i ng n‎i u ni‎uno ‎n uon‎u nu‎n uan ‎n uan ‎n ung ‎n ong ‎nü nü‎nüeh‎nüe ‎o eo‎u ou‎p a ba‎p'a ‎p apa‎i bai‎p'ai‎pai‎p an b‎a np'‎a n pa‎n pan‎g ban‎g p'a‎n g pa‎n g pa‎o bao‎p'ao‎pao‎p ei b‎e ipen‎ben‎p'en ‎p enp‎e ng b‎e ngp‎'eng ‎p eng‎p i bi‎p'i ‎p ipi‎a o bi‎a op'‎i ao p‎i aop‎i eh b‎i ep'‎i eh p‎i epi‎e n bi‎a np'‎i en p‎i anp‎i n bi‎np'i‎n pin‎ping‎bing‎p'in‎g pin‎gpo ‎b op'‎o po‎p ou o‎upu ‎b up'‎u pu‎s a sa‎sai ‎s ais‎a n sa‎nsan‎g san‎gsao‎sao‎s e se‎sen ‎s ens‎e ng s‎e ngs‎h a sh‎asha‎i sha‎isha‎n sha‎nsha‎n g sh‎a ng s‎h ao s‎h aos‎h e sh‎eshe‎n she‎nshe‎n g sh‎e ng s‎h ih s‎h ish‎o u sh‎o ush‎u shu‎shua‎shua‎shua‎i shu‎a ish‎u an s‎h uan ‎s huan‎g shu‎a ng s‎h ui s‎h uis‎h uo s‎h uo s‎o suo‎sou ‎s ou s‎s u si‎su s‎usua‎n sua‎n sui‎sui‎s un s‎u n su‎n g so‎n g sz‎u si‎t a da‎t'a ‎t ata‎i dai‎t'ai‎tai‎t an d‎a n t'‎a n ta‎n tan‎g dan‎g t'a‎n g ta‎n g ta‎o dao‎t'ao‎tao ‎t e de‎t'e ‎t ete‎n g de‎n g t'‎e ng t‎e ng t‎i di‎t'i t‎itia‎o dia‎o t'i‎a o ti‎a o ti‎e h di‎et'i‎e h ti‎e tie‎n dia‎n t'i‎e n ti‎a n ti‎n g di‎n g t'‎i ng t‎i ng t‎i u di‎uto ‎d uot‎'o tu‎o tou‎dou ‎t'ou ‎t ou t‎u du‎t'u t‎utua‎n dua‎n t'u‎a n tu‎a n tu‎i dui‎t'ui‎tuit'‎u n tu‎n tun‎g don‎g t'u‎n g to‎n g tz‎u zi‎t z'u ‎c its‎a za‎t s'a ‎c ats‎a i za‎its'‎a i ca‎itsa‎n zan‎ts'a‎n can‎tsan‎g zan‎g ts'‎a ng c‎a ng t‎s ao z‎a ots‎'ao c‎a ots‎e ze‎t s'e ‎c ets‎e i ze‎itse‎n zen‎ts'e‎n cen‎tsen‎g zen‎g ts'‎e ng c‎e ng t‎s o zu‎ots'‎o cuo‎tsou‎zou ‎t s'ou‎cou ‎t su z‎uts'‎u cu‎t suan‎zuan‎ts'u‎a n cu‎a n ts‎u i zu‎its'‎u i cu‎i tsu‎n zun‎ts'u‎n cun‎tsun‎g zon‎g ts'‎u ng c‎o ng w‎a wa‎w ai w‎a i wa‎n wan‎wang‎wang‎wei ‎w eiw‎e n we‎n wen‎g wen‎g wo ‎w owu‎wu‎y ai y‎a iya‎n g ya‎n g ya‎o yao‎yeh ‎y eye‎n yan‎yin ‎y iny‎i ng y‎i ng y‎o yo‎y u yo‎u yun‎g yon‎g yü‎y uya‎n yua‎n yüe‎h yue‎yün ‎y un ‎。

可编辑修改精选全文完整版北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题汇总与答案解析一、英语翻译基础英汉短语互译：Bogor GoalsFTAAPzero-sum gameALSNASAgenomic variationozone depletionsinologybitcoinUNCEDpaparazziamino aciddigital divideexistentialismsilver-spoon kids十八届四中全会亚太经合组织互联互通量化宽松公使衔参赞埃博拉病毒自闭症防空识别区负面清单房产税专利技术和而不同地沟油真人秀逆袭二、篇章翻译今年篇章翻译由以前的四篇改为了两篇，我也破天荒第一次翻译前打了草稿。

英译汉是一篇有关里约环境会议的，说实话我词汇量不行，看着也有点儿晕。

汉译英是刘梦溪写的有关孟子精神和现代社会的文章，很多文言文，比如什么礼义廉耻、国之四端之类。

其实明白中文的意思翻译倒也不是特别难。

汉语写作与百科知识：一、名词解释尼罗河战略伙伴关系四大菩萨十字军中亚五国日心说元素周期律丝绸之路经济带金字塔APEC金砖四国九大行星三省六部的“六部”《牡丹亭》东盟IS（就是伊斯兰国）南北战争二十八宿《俄狄浦斯王》三一律“新寓言”派《菊与刀》北约苏辛《说文解字》二、应用文写作应用文是根据自己经历的某件事写一则消息，是新闻体裁的一种三、大作文大作文给一段材料，写一个人从火车上丢了一个鞋子，然后马上扔了另一个，说这只鞋留着也没用，有人捡到没准还能穿。

然后以“让失去变的可爱”为题写一篇作文。

本文系统介绍北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研难度，北京外国语大学翻译硕士就业，北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研辅导，北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研参考书，北京外国语大学翻译硕士专业课五大方面的问题，凯程北京外国语大学翻译硕士老师给大家详细讲解。

特别申明，以下信息绝对准确，凯程就是王牌的北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研机构！五、北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研初试参考书是什么北京外国语大学翻译硕士参考书很多人都不清楚，这里凯程北京外国语大学翻译硕士王牌老师给大家整理出来了，以供参考：英语方向:1、Bassnett,Susan.《翻译研究》Translation Studies,外教社,2004.2、Gentzler,Edwin.《当代翻译理论（第二版修订本）》Contemporary Translation Theories,外教社,2004.3、马会娟、苗菊编.《当代西方翻译理论选读》,外语教学与研究出版社,2009年。

英译汉Chapter One 词义的选择、引申和褒贬一．词义的选择（一）根据词性He likes physics.They are shining like gold.Like knows like.(二) 根据上下文联系He is the last man to do it.He should be the last to blame.He is the last man to come.He is the last person for such a job.二．词义的引申（一）将词义做抽象化的引申1．将表示具体形象的词译成该形象代表的属性Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活有甜有苦。

There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of them.他们的性格既残暴，又狡猾。

2．将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的词see-sawing between partly good and faintly bad时好时坏这两种情况不断地交替出现帮你解决一切难题包括企业和个人一切的一切_b 现在==免费注册==(用你的姓名抢注）享受会员功能极力推荐。

补充一下信息实名认证要用到身份证相片用手机照下来然后上传上去就行了，实名认证是对用户资料的真实性进行验证审核。

保障用户的合法权益。

Their troops goosestepped into power.他们的军队耀武扬威地夺取了政权。

（二）将词义做具体化的引申The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green.我前面的车停下来了，我错过了绿灯。

三．词义的褒贬（一）英语中有些词本身具有褒贬意义He was a man of high renown.他是位有名望的人。

His notoriety didn’t come until his death.他的恶名是他死后才传开的。