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北外翻译专业考研试题及答案试题：北外翻译专业考研模拟试题一、词汇翻译（每题2分，共20分）1. 请将下列中文词汇翻译成英文：- 创新- 可持续发展- 人工智能- 国际贸易- 文化多样性2. 请将下列英文词汇翻译成中文：- Globalization- E-commerce- Biodiversity- Climate change- Human rights二、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）3. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文：- 随着科技的不断进步，我们的生活变得越来越便捷。
- 教育是提升一个国家整体素质的关键。
- 保护环境是每个公民的责任。
4. 将下列英文句子翻译成中文：- "Knowledge is power" is a well-known proverb that encourages continuous learning.- The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.- Environmental protection should be a priority for governments worldwide.三、段落翻译（每题25分，共50分）5. 将下列中文段落翻译成英文：随着全球化的深入发展，跨国公司在世界经济中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
它们不仅推动了国际贸易的增长，还促进了文化交流和技术创新。
6. 将下列英文段落翻译成中文：In the face of climate change, it is imperative that we take immediate action. Sustainable practices must be adopted to reduce our carbon footprint, and international cooperation is essential to address this global challenge.答案：一、词汇翻译1. 创新 - Innovation可持续发展 - Sustainable development人工智能 - Artificial intelligence国际贸易 - International trade文化多样性 - Cultural diversity2. 全球化 - Globalization电子商务 - E-commerce生物多样性 - Biodiversity气候变化 - Climate change人权 - Human rights二、句子翻译3. 随着科技的不断进步，我们的生活变得越来越便捷。
北外⾼翻同传专业翻译课考试资料--by李长栓2010年北京外国语⼤学⾼级翻译学院⼊学考试备⽤试卷参考译⽂（汉译英部分）李长栓三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）⽓候变化对中国农业⽣产、粮⾷安全、经济发展、⽣态保护、⽔资源利⽤、公共健康保障都将带来重⼤威胁。
积极应对⽓候变化是中国实现可持续发展的内在要求。
中国正处在全⾯建设⼩康社会的关键时期, 处于⼯业化、城镇化加快发展的重要阶段,发展经济和减缓⽓候变化任务⼗分繁重。
在⽬前的发展阶段,能源结构以煤为主,经济结构性⽭盾仍然突出,增长⽅式依然粗放,能源资源利⽤效率较低,能源需求还将继续增长,控制温室⽓体排放⾯临巨⼤压⼒和特殊困难。
（209字）译⽂：Climate change [1]will pose serious challenges to China's food production[2], economic development, ecological conservation, exploitation of water resources and public health, and must be effectively addressed for sustainable development. On the other hand[3],this is the crucial stage to achieving the country‘s target of a complete-xiaokangsociety[4], during which faster industrialisation and urbanisation is necessary. China is therefore faced with the double challenge of growth and mitigation[5]. In addition[6], dependence on coal as the main energy source, energy intensive growth and low energy efficiency will trigger greater energy demand, and emission control will become an even[7] greater challenge.[1]汉译英考试，考查的是学⽣的英⽂表达能⼒。
北外高翻译考试试题及参考译文2017年北外高翻译考试试题及参考译文Bitter pills may have wholesome effects.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年北外高翻译考试试题及参考译文，希望能给大家带来帮助!一、将下列段落译为汉语(25分)Fifteen years ago at the Fourth World Conference on Women. Governments pledged to advance equality, development and peace for all women everywhere. The landmark Beijing Declaration has had a deep and wide-ranging impact. It has guided policymaking and inspired new national laws. It has sent a clear message to women and girls around the world that equality and opportunity are their inalienable rights.There are many examples of progress, thanks in large part to the resolute efforts of civil society organizations. A growing number of countries have legislation thatsupports sexual and reproductive health and promotes gender equality.Nonetheless, much work remains. Maternal mortality remains unacceptably high, too few women have access to family planning, and violence against women remainsa cause for global shame. In particular, sexual violence during conflict is endemic.One key lesson of the past decade and a half is the importance of addressing broader discrimination and injustice. Gender stereotyping and discrimination remain common in all cultures and communities. Early and forced marriage. sexual abuse and trafficking of young women and girls are disturbingly prevalent and, in some areas, on the rise. Whether lookingthrough the lens of poverty. or in times of disaster, we see that women still bear the greatest burden.15年前，在第四次妇女问题世界会议上，各国政府承诺为造福世界各地所有妇女而推进平等、发展与和平。
北外考研翻硕试题及答案模拟试题：北京外国语大学翻译硕士入学考试模拟题一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. The word "ubiquitous" is most nearly synonymous with:A. CommonB. UnusualC. RareD. Unique2. In the sentence "The company has been successful despite the economic downturn," the phrase "despite" is used to indicate:A. A causeB. A reasonC. An obstacleD. A method3. Choose the correct grammatical structure for the sentence: "When I am done with my homework, _______."A. I will go out for a walkB. will I go out for a walkC. I go out for a walkD. go out for a walk I4. The correct use of the verb "to flatter" in a sentence is:A. She flattered him to get the job.B. She flattered him into getting the job.C. She flattered to get the job.D. She was flattered to get the job.5. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word: "The _______ of the old building was a significant loss to the community."A. DestructionB. ConstructionC. FoundationD. Installation二、阅读理解（共30分）Read the following passage and answer the questions:Passage:The rise of digital technology has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and learn. It has opened up new opportunities for innovation and creativity, but it has also brought about challenges. One of the significant challengesis the digital divide, which refers to the gap between those who have ready access to computers and the internet and those who do not. This divide is not only a technological issue but also a social and economic one, as it can affect education, employment, and social inclusion.6. What does the term "digital divide" refer to?A. The gap between different digital technologiesB. The disparity in access to digital technologyC. The difference in digital literacy ratesD. The variety of digital devices available7. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a consequence of the digital divide?A. Limited access to educationB. Reduced opportunities for innovationC. Inequality in social inclusionD. Impact on employment opportunities8. What is the primary concern regarding the digital divide mentioned in the passage?A. It is a technological issue.B. It is a social and economic issue.C. It hinders technological progress.D. It increases the cost of digital devices.9. The passage suggests that digital technology has had which of the following impacts?A. It has only positive effects.B. It has both positive and negative effects.C. It has led to a decline in traditional forms of communication.D. It has no impact on the way people work.10. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The benefits of digital technology.B. The challenges of the digital divide.C. The need for more digital devices.D. The importance of digital literacy.三、翻译（共50分）11. 将下列中文段落翻译成英文（25分）：随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。
英语翻译三级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（10）英语翻译三级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（10）(1/1)Section ⅠEnglish Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese .第1题OxfordWhen language learners arrive in Oxford, many ask where the university is, thinking that they will be shown just one building. It′s up to their teachers to explain that Oxford university is made up of a collection of many different colleges and institutions, each with its own history and characteristics.There are many other surprises that learners discover about the city and its university. Katie Jennings is a social organizer at King′s St Joseph′s Hall in East Oxford, and it is her job to organize activities for learners outside of lesson time. She says many learners are surprised to discover that Oxford is a home to a wide variety of nationalities and ethnic groups, and one of the most popular social events is a night out at one of the town′s Latin American dance clubs. After a day spent learning English and absorbing the ancient atmosphere of the university, learners can samba the night away.The city also has a thriving Asian community, and the sight of women in saris is as common in Oxford′s streets as academics in gowns and mortarboards. There is also a mouth-watering selection of Asian restaurants serving curries, as well as shops stocked with exotic vegetables and fruits.The city has attracted such a diverse population not only because of the university, but also because it is an important industrial centre which is known for car manufacturing amongother things. In spite of large industrial areas, the old of the city centre has remained surprisingly intact. Carmel Engin, who teaches at the Lake School, says many learners are surprised to find that the city is free from the usual high-rise modem buildings. "From the centre of Oxford, you can see green hills in the distance, and this will make learners deeply feel that they are in a small, friendly town, but not just another modem metropolis.Some learners will be tempted to explore those green hills—Oxford is surrounded by some of the most beautiful countryside in southem England—but, as Engin admits, with so much to do and see in the city, few learners find the time to explore its surroundings.Oxford has developed some imaginative initiatives for language learners. One is a local radio station which broadcasts news and provides information for learners. They can visit the station to get experience in radio production. Or they can meet university students in pubs and clubs or at one of the many campus sports facilities which are open to language learners. _____下一题(1/1)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationTranslate the following passage into English .第2题我们污染了空气清洁的空气对于健康是至关重要。
北京语言大学大学英语三级B级-翻译专项试题一、大学英语三级翻译英译汉1． As you have done the market survey, I would like to discuss with you the possibility of selling our products in the US.A) 因为美国产品有市场，所以我们要研究开发我们产品的可能性。
B) 因为你有市场资料，所以我希望与你讨论美国产品的销售情况。
C) 你已经作了市场调查，所以我想和你讨论在美国销售我们产品的可能性。
D) 你已了解了市场，因此我希望能与你商讨在美国开发我们产品的可能性。
【答案】C2．The general manager public relations person as well as the head of the company’s management.A) 总经理不仅要当好公关人员，而且要领导好公司。
B) ，也一定要当好公司的领导。
C) 总经理不仅是公司的管理首脑，还必须起某种公关人物的作用。
D) 总经理要管理好自己的公司，首先必须管理好公司的公关人员。
【答案】C3． If you require , your application should be in the Student Financial Aid Services at least three weeks before your registration date.A) 如果你需要资助学费，应向助学办公室提出申请，。
B) 如果你需要申请贷款交纳学费，你应该至少在三周内到助学办公室登记注册。
C) 如果你需要减免学费，应到助学办公室提出申请，手续。
D) 如果你需要学费资助，最迟应该在注册日期三周前将你的申请交到助学办公室。
【答案】D4． Women would double their risk of suffering from lung cancer if they were exposed to 40 or more years of household tobacco smoke.A) 妇女在家里吸烟长达410年或更长时间，她们患肺癌的痛苦就会加倍。
复语英汉互译2009I.将下列文章译成汉语(50分)India and China need help to grow, not hectoringEvery time there is a spike in oil prices, or when food costs more, or there is a renewed worry about carbon and climate change, academics, pundits, and the press immediately point to the high-consumption future of India and China.They are wrong to do so when we consider the causes of energy and food challenges, and, more importantly, when we think of the actions and policies needed to manage changes in coming decades. If it is questionable that India and China are to blame for the global energy crunch, it is even less acceptable to expect them to adhere to pleas to moderate their energy consumption.Historically, energy consumption has correlated with economic growth. The present debate over energy often focuses on two dimensions: climate change (from greenhouse gases), and the scarcity of fossil fuels.With growing populations and economies, India and China will certainly consume a growing fraction of global resources, but they consume only 3 per cent and 9 per cent, respectively, of the world's petroleum today. The global leader, the US, consumes just under a quarter.Looking at future options, why does it matter if India and China are or are not similar in terms of energy consumption and needs? Global treaties aim to modify future consumption, and mechanisms or formulae that are considered fair (and likely to be ratified) must be cognizant of differences. Given the differences in their systems, needs, and incentives, a proposal meant to appeal to both may not appeal to either. Without global participation, no solution is likely work.China already has the world's second-largest electricity grid, and, at current rates of growth, it will soon become the largest electricity producer in the world. Like India, most of this is based on coal, the least “green” of the leading fossil fuels.India's present installed electricity capacity is not in the same league. The result is that, for the coming decade, it will not be able to grow at a rate anywhere near that of China. In absolute net growth, the US will add more than twice as much capacity than India in 2007-08.China's growth of energy consumption has been positive for its population. It has now provided electricity to an estimated 98 per cent of households, unlike India or Africa. India has not met its energy growth targets even in the absence of carbon constraints – can we realistically expect it to moderate due to global concerns when it will say it is not the prime polluter?(425)II.将下列短文译成汉语(25分)The Cause of EarthquakesThe earth is divided into three main layers - a hard outer crust, a soft middle layer and a center core. The outer crust is broken into massive, irregular pieces called "plates." These plates move very slowly, driven by energy forces deep within the earth. Earthquakes occur when these moving plates grind and scrape against each other.In California, the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate meet. The Pacific Plate covers most of the Pacific Ocean floor and the California coastline. The North American Plate stretches across the North American continent and parts of the Atlantic Ocean. The primary boundary between them is the San Andreas Fault. It is more than 650 miles long and extends 10 miles deep. Many smaller faults, such as the Hayward Fault, branch from the San Andreas Fault.The Pacific Plate grinds northwestward past the North American Plate at a rate of about two inches per year. Parts of the San Andreas Fault system adapt to this movement by a constant "creep" resulting in frequent, moderate, earth tremors. In other areas, movement is not constant and strain can build up for hundreds of years resulting in strong earthquakes when it is released.Unlike other natural disasters, there is no warning for earthquakes. Future earthquakes are a serious threat to Californians, which is why the Fire Department recommends preparing before an earthquake hits. (232)III. 将下列文章译成英语(50分)“将来韵韵考上‘北大’或‘牛津’，我可能都不会这么兴奋!”魏伦斯感慨道。
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2010年北京外国语大学汉教真题及答案解析
第一部分汉语语言学基础知识
一、填空题
1.普通话
2.音译结合的符号系统
3.方言
4.北方方言
5.音高
6.辨义作用
7.O
8.舌尖后
9.Q
10.撮口呼
11.能否独立运用
12.基本
13.两个不同的词根
14.特点
15.动宾
16.理性意义
17.结构的凝固性
18.情景语境
19.意义和关系
20.语序和虚词
21.结构上是否互作句法成分
22.划分词类
23.兼语
24.情态
25.条件
二、判断题
1F2T3F4T5F6F7T8T9F10F11T12F13F 14F15T
三、选择题。
北外翻译学英汉同传复习资料英汉互译翻译技巧1.拆句法和合并法：这是两种相对应的翻译方法。
拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉；合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。
汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。
所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句；而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。
这样就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。
如：（1）Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。
（在主谓连接处拆译）（2）I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。
中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。
（在定语从句前拆译）（3）This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth,who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account。
英联邦各国尤其如此，它们认为英国加入欧共体，将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。
1. 一定要不断提高人民的生活水平。
应该说这是一个国人耳熟能详的句子，看似简单，但要译成准确、地道的法语，应注意避免下面的翻译：[误] Il faut augmenter sans cesse le niveau de vie du peuple.最主要的问题是，augmenter与其宾语名词le niveau属于比较常见的法语动宾搭配不当，因为augmenter虽然有“提高、增加”的意思，但其宾语一般都是内含数字或数量概念的名词，如augmenter le salaire，augmenter la température，augmenter le prix等，而本句中的“水平”显然指的是生活质量，属抽象或概念化名词。
另外，“人民”这个词法译时，要尽可能少用le peuple，因为le peuple在法语里具有很强的政治和国家色彩，是个非常郑重的字眼。
即便希拉克讲话，也常用诸如Fran?aises et Fran?ais, mes chers compatriotes, la population等词语替代。
其实，汉语里所说的人民，多数情况下就是“民众、大众、老百姓”的意思。
所以，建议将上面那句汉语改译成：[正] Il faut que le niveau de vie de la population s'élève sans cesse / s'améliore de plus en plus. // Il faut rendre la vie de la population de meilleure en meilleure.2. 这场报告抓住了很多听众的心。
[误] Ce rapport a saisi le coeur de beaucoup d'auditeurs.首先，法语的rapport纵然有“报告”之意，也多为书面的总结报告，而且写了是用来“看”和“审读”的，不是用作“听”的。
但凡可听的报告，法语里有不少名词，如conférence，discours，exposé，哪怕用intervention或communication也比rapport妥当。
其次，本句的法译saisir le coeur de qn（抓住……的心）似有生造之嫌，显得很生硬。
其实，法语完全可直接用saisir qn表达相同的意思。
当然，用法语动词短语toucher qn au vif将更为地道和传神。
所以，本句可译为：[正] Cette conférence a saisi toute l'assistance. // Ce discours a touché au vif beaucoup de monde.这两句翻译都没有用“auditeur”去对译汉语的“听众”，而分别用表示抽象的集体名词assitance和具体的beaucoup de monde替代，反而显得形象生动。
3. 我们关心的是，中国农业能否可持续发展。
[误] Nous nous sommes inquiétés si l'agriculture chinoise peut se développer continuellement.这句翻译显然有悖于原文，主要错在没有准确理解“关心”二字，误将其译成“担心”，而且没有必要用过去时。
在笔者看来，此处的“关心”实则指“关注、重视、看重”之意，所以本句似应这样译出：[正] Ce qui nous préoccupe, c'est le développement durable de l'agriculture en Chine.4. 我这星期不忙，就你的时间吧。
[误] Je ne suis pas occupé cette semaine, tout dépendra de votre temps.这句汉语的考点在“就”字，意为“将就你的时间”。
翻译成法语后，乍看好像没什么毛病。
但若将前后两个法文句子联系起来，便会发现，译文的意思拧了，因为它传达的信息是：我这星期不忙，但一切取决于你的时间。
你忙，我就忙，你不忙，我也不忙。
而原文想要说的却是：我这星期比较空闲，可将就你的时间安排（可听从你的时间安排）。
所以，本句可译为：[正] Je suis plus disponible (moins occupé) cette semaine et je suis donc à votre disposition.5. 安居乐业是老百姓的共同愿望。
[误] Vivire en paix et travailler confortablement est le désir du peuple.暂且不说用词不当，这句话的根本问题是犯了翻译之大忌：字对字地硬译（mot à mot），成了比较典型的中国式法语。
我们知道，汉语是一个很讲究音韵美的语言，所以常用四字熟语词组，读来琅琅上口，如“千方百计”、“赤手空拳”，其实前后两个部分的意义是重复的；有的则是前后两个部分只具备整体意义，如“断章取义”、“安居乐业”等。
与此情形，汉译法时一定要仔细推敲，否则会画蛇添足，甚至闹出笑话，这也是容易出现中国式法语的“高峰”时刻。
汉语四字熟语的通常译法是，只取其中一个中心意思或整体意思。
鉴于此，上句汉语可译成：[正] C'est un souhait partagé de tous d'avoir un foyer et un emploi. // Vivre heureux, tel est le souhait partagé de tout le monde.最后，不管怎样，“乐业”不应该用travailler confortablement，那是说“舒舒服服地工作”。
如果一个国家的老百姓都只想着“舒舒服服地工作”，岂不是有好逸恶劳之嫌？6. 这家小企业只有几年的历史，其产品却已经行销世界五大洲。
[误] Bien que cette petite entreprise n’ait qu’une histoire de quelques années, ses produits se sont déjà vendus dans les cinq continents du monde.本句的翻译初看很忠实于原文，除了“行销世界五大洲”不应用dans而应用sur以外，几乎没有其他语法错误。
但稍加考虑，便会发现仍有相当的改进空间。
首先，关于“历史” 的翻译，这是国人比较喜欢的字眼，什么“短短几年的历史”、“长达10年的历史”、“历史将告诉我们” 等等。
而法语的histoire一词可不是那么随随便便说的，它多指一个民族或者一个时代发生的值得记忆的一系列历史事件，潜意识中，有一种时间上久远的限定。
所以，上句中只存在了“几年”的一家小企业在法国人眼里根本无“历史”可谈。
这样，为了实现有效交际，我们必须充分考虑所用语言表述的可接受度（acceptabilité），而不应单纯地关注语言表达的合符语法性（grammatilité）。
进一步说，为了实现与法国人的有效交际，特别是为了将中国有效地介绍给法国，我们必须尽可能地用更加贴近法国人的语言表达。
因此，本句中的所谓几年的“历史”可以弃之不译。
第二，我们不要一看见“已经”，就想当然地对号入座，翻译成déjà。
其实很多情况下，法语的复合过去时本身就已经表达“已经”的含义了，没有必要再重复。
第三，不错，本句汉语确有一层“让步” 的含义，但似可不必用Bien que这样的虚拟式让步从句，行文显得过重了。
综上所述，本句汉语建议译为：[正] Créée il y a seulement quelques années, cette petite entreprise vend ses produits dans le monde entier.7. 因此，在这个问题上我重复了这么多遍以后，今天实在不想再讲了。
[误] Donc, après avoir répété ce problème tant de fois, je ne veux vraiment plus en parle r aujourd’hui.翻译这个句子时，应特别注意把握“问题”二字。
许多时候，该词并不表示真正意义上的“问题”或是有待解决的“难题”，而是一个泛指的概念词，或者叫范畴词，相当于“关于……方面” 的意思，如“说到法国青年人就业难的问题”，就不能简单地对译成sur le problème des difficultés des jeunes Fran?ais à l’emploi，而应直接说sur les difficultés des jeunes Fran?ais à l’emploi。
同理，本句即可如此翻译：[正] A ce propos, j’en ai déjà parlé maintes fois, je ne veux donc plus rien répéter aujourd’hui.另外，根据语境和法国人的语言习惯，笔者翻译时将汉语句中的动词“重复”和“讲”做了对调，意为先“讲”了，才有“重复”，这样更自然和逻辑。
8. 如果今年再提出来，我想也不会有别的结果。
[误] Si on le propose encore cette an née, je pense qu’il n’y aura pas d’autresrésultats.很明显，这句也是典型的字对字翻译，错误自然不可避免。
主要问题是，这里的中文说“不会有别的结果”，其实就是说“不会有任何结果”。
而法文译句传递的信息却是“没有别的其他结果”，言外之意是“总还有一个结果”。
另外，在缺乏上下文语境的情况下，用代词le作动词proposer的宾语，一是很突兀，二是指代不清。
建议将此句改译为：[正] Si cette proposition es t refaite cette annee, je ne crois pas qu’elle puisse aboutir/je suis certain qu’elle n’aboutira à rien comme d’habitude/je la crois vouée à l’échec.9. 世界经济全球化对中国一些大都市的影响这些年来慢慢显现出来了。
