上海杨浦区2010届高三期末考试历史试题及答案

上海市静安区2010届高三下学期教学质量检测试卷 2010.04注意：1. 本检测设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律无效。

答题纸与试卷上的试题编号一一对应，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

2. 检测时间120分钟，满分150分。

一、选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分）1．下列与图中数字标示（1-4）的古代文明顺序相吻合的是A.古代两河流域、古代埃及、古代印度、古代罗马B.古代两河流域、古代希腊、古代印度、古代罗马C.古代希腊、古代两河流域、古代罗马、古代印度D.古代埃及、古代两河流域、古代印度、古代希腊2．在北京奥运会上的盛大开幕式上，展示了数千年文明古国的风采，其中有一部分题材来自远古时期丰富多彩神话传说，如夸父逐日、女娲补天等。

对神话的认识最符合历史学要求的是A.历史久远基本没有历史价值B.是古代先民们生活的真实写照C.对了解先民活动，有一定的历史价值 D ．是口耳相传的第一手资料3．全国各大影院都在放映的《孔子》在社会上引起了较大的反响。

胡枚导演正是想通过拍摄《孔子》，“来提升大众对于孔子和孔子文化的关注”。

你认1243为在现代与传统的张力下，孔子的现代价值在于他强调的思想观点是①仁者爱人②己所不欲，勿施于人③“言必信，行必果”④有教无类A. ①②③④B.①③④C.③④ D．①②④4．“当时，尤其是15世纪，绝大多数人口是自由的自耕农，尽管他们的所有权还隐藏在封建招牌的后面。

……在17世纪最后十几年，自耕农即独立农民还比租地农民阶级的人数多。

……大约在1750年，自耕农消灭了。

”在英国发生这种变化的直接原因是A.光荣革命B.工业革命C.圈地运动D.城市化进程5．自称为“万王之王、万主之主”的教皇英诺森三世（1198—1216年）在接任圣职时曾说教道：“看，我今日立于各民各国之上，去拔掉和打碎，去毁坏和推翻，并去建设和树立。

”下列不能反映其“去建设和树立”的意图是A.实现教会的集权统治B.力图主宰世界的一切C.极力鼓吹教权的至上D.推动西欧各国的统一6．中世纪城市“街道大部分狭小，弯曲小巷中人与兽穿梭往来，…猪可以自由行走于垃圾之间；雨后街道泥泞数日，……城市对脚和鼻子都不太安全。

杨浦区2010学年度高三试卷（答案）（2011年1月）二、非选择题：31、（共5分）（1）纸上之材料和地下之材料。

（1分）历史文献、考古挖掘。

（文献材料或实物材料）（1分）（2）C（1分）甲骨文是比较成熟的汉字，甲骨卜辞是当时人们活动的直接记载，是研究商朝历史的第一手资料，史料价值非常高；（1分）再加上辞中所见殷王室的世系与《史记殷本纪》所载商代帝王世系基本一致，证明商代历史为“信史”。

（1分）32、（共9分）（1）封建等级制—等级君主制—君主专制—（君主立宪）（3分）（2）（6分）政治：英法等国民族国家的形成和君主专制取代等级君主制，有利于早期资本主义发展。

（2分）经济：社会生产力的提高，手工工场发展，商品货币关系发展；新航路开辟、世界市场形成，开始了原始积累。

（2分）文化：文艺复兴、马丁〃路德宗教改革猛烈冲击中世纪封建统治的精神支柱—天主教会，对摧毁封建制度和建立资本主义社会产生了巨大的历史影响。

（2分）33、（共14分）隋唐开始实行的科举制度，打破了魏晋南北朝只有在门阀子弟当中选拔官员的惯例，是普通人是可以依据考试的成绩得到选拔和录用，体现了公平与公正；朝廷也可在更大的范围内选拔官员，扩大了政治统治的基础；朝廷通过科举考试选拔人才还打破了推举制度下推举人与被推举人之间的利益关系的弊端，防止地方势力过大，有利于加强中央集权，也为唐朝的强盛创造了良好政治条件。

（5分）宋代对科举制度实行了改革，使科举考试更加完善。

考试分解试、省试和殿试三级；采取“誊录”“弥封”以保证考试的公正和公平性。

特别是考试的内容由主要考诗赋到考策论，要求的不是官员的诗词水平而是士子们对儒家经典的理解和对社会事务的分析能力，有利于官员素质的提高，有利于保证“文官体制”下的政治上统治。

（4分）但到了明清时期由于实行八股取士，考试内容过于狭窄和为君主专政服务的目的，就背离了科举考试选拔人才的真正目的和作用，科举考试沦落为专制统治的工具，成为政治腐败的原因之一。

历史杨浦区2016年高三期末试卷历史考试时间：____分钟题型单选题简答题总分得分单选题（本大题共35小题，每小题____分，共____分。

）1．《易传》：“天地革而万物成，汤武革命，顺乎天而应乎人，革之时大矣哉。

”文中所说事件最晚发生于：A. 公元前17世纪B. 公元前10世纪C. 距今3700年前D. 距今3000多年前2．有人把公元前8-2世纪的中国、印度、希腊都称为“轴心时代”。

其中下列最能定义希腊文明特点的是：A. 荷马时代B. 古典时代C. 城邦时代D. 伯里克利时代3．塑造了“德高望众的毗湿摩、法力无边的黑天、宽容正直的坚战、鲁莽勇武的怖军、多才多艺的阿周那、敏感好强的迦尔纳”等众多英雄人物形象的作品是：A. 《荷马史诗》B. 《摩诃婆罗多》C. 《罗摩衍那》D. 《吉尔伽美什》4. 右侧示意图反映了罗马国家处于：A. 城邦时期B. 共和时期C. 帝国时期D. 分裂时期5．某文献记载：“高祖奉玉卮，起为太上皇寿，曰：‘始大人常以臣无赖，不能治产业，不如仲力。

今某之业所就孰与仲多？’殿上群臣皆呼万岁，大笑为乐。

”文中记录的是：A. 赢政B. 刘邦C. 李世民D. 赵匡胤6．钱穆在《中国历代政治得失》指出：“政治制度是现实的，每一制度，必须针对现实，时时刻刻求其能变动适应。

”宋初的政治改革主要针对的是：A. 文官体制B. 藩镇割据C. 加强皇权D. 武将专权7. “夫万民之从利也，如水之走下，不以教化堤防之，不能止也。

…古之王者明于此，是故南面而治天下，莫不以教化为大务。

”提出这一观点的是：A. 李斯B. 董仲舒C. 王安石D. 朱元璋8．在决定翻译《几何原本》时，利玛窦认为：“……或许是没有人比中国人更重视数学了，虽则他们的教学方法与我们的不同，他们提出了各种各样的命题，却都没有证明。

”他的理由是：A. 中国人重视数学B. 中国与西方的教学方法不同C. 中国人善于提问D. 中国数学缺乏西方式的科学9. 雍正帝认为：“中国之一统始于秦；塞外之一统始于元，而极盛于我朝。

2010-2023历年上海市金山区高三上学期期末考试历史试卷第1卷一.参考题库(共18题)1.唐末以来,一向是“兵权所在,则随以兴；兵权所去，则随以亡。

”宋太祖登位以后，有鉴于此，随即策划了一幕历史剧。

这就是（）A．推恩令B．托古改制C．玄武门之变D．杯酒释兵权2.“过去专制主义是正统，神圣不可侵犯……现在民主主义成了正统，同样取得了神圣不可侵犯的地位，侵犯了这种神圣…… 为人民所抛弃是毫无疑问的。

”引发这种变化的历史事件是（）A．维新变法B．辛亥革命C．新文化运动D．五四运动3.据史料记载，罗马一高利贷者对一个欠债人的儿子（作为抵押品的债务奴隶）滥施暴行，把他打得皮开肉绽。

愤怒的群众汇集起来，一起跑进元老院，向元老们展示了这个少年被打伤的背脊，促使元老院通过了废除债务奴隶的法案。

从这则材料可以看出：促进罗马法律的进步与完善的主要动力来自于（）A．统治者让步B．平民的斗争C．商人的推进D．奴隶的反抗4.“为了向这位曾经解放了千百万俄国农奴的勇敢改革者致敬”，莫斯科为他举行了塑像落成仪式。

这位“勇敢改革者”是（）A．伊凡四世B．尼古拉一世C．彼得一世D．亚历山大二世5.鸦片战争之前广州被称为中国人看世界的窗口，这主要是由于清朝的（）A．海禁政策B．文化禁锢政策C．闭关政策D．禁止鸦片政策6.阅读以下材料，并回答问题。

地方行政制度是政治制度文明的重要组成部分。

材料一：春秋时期，随着兼并战争的进行，秦、楚等国都在新占领的地方上设立县和郡，作为新行政建制。

一般县在中心区域，郡在边远地区。

郡县的长官，不再是世袭领主，而是由君主委派官员直接管理。

郡县长官由君主任免，对君主负责，成为中国历史上最早的取代贵族领主的职业官僚。

——张岂之《中国历史十五讲》材料二：忽必烈进入中原，建立元朝，为加强对地方的控制，以中书省分驻地方，称行中书省，以便直接控制、处理政务……各省还设有行枢密院和行御史台分管军事和监察。

——《中国政治制度史》第316页材料三：美国历史学家J·布卢姆说：1787年“在费城所起草的宪法是实验时期最伟大的创造性的胜利。

上海市杨浦区2010届高三学科测试英语试卷2010. 1本试卷分为第I卷（第1-13页）和第II卷（第14页）两部分。

全卷共14页。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

考生注意：1．答第I卷前，考生务必在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号。

2．第I卷（1-16小题，25---80小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。

答案写在试卷上一律不给分。

第I卷中的第17-24小题,81-84小题和第II卷的试题，其答案写在答题纸上，如写在试卷上则无效。

第I卷（共105分）I.Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. The broadcast. B. The latest news.C. The weather.D. The holiday.2. A. She enjoyed her holiday very much.B. She did very well in the test.C. She worked hard and earned a lot of money.D. She needn‟t have worked hard for the exam.3. A. Riding a horse. B. Watching TV.C. Playing a game.D. Taking a photo.4. A. The woman didn‟t get the result of the match.B. The result was not available in the newspaper.C. There was little about the soccer match on TV.D. The result of the soccer match wasn‟t announced.5. A. At a hotel. B. In a repair shop.C. At a bank.D. In a department store.6. A. There are about ten minutes left. B. There‟s a quarter left.C. There are quite a few minutes left.D. There are only a few people at the concert.7. A. Have a good sleep. B. Offer the professor a drink.C. Turn on the air-conditioner.D. Go to the cafeteria.8. A. All the concerts on campus are free to the students.B. The university students are free to choose their seats.C. The university students can go to the rock concert in their free time.D. The university students needn‟t pay for the Saturday rock concert.9. A. Husband and wife. B. Customer and shop assistant.C. Doctor and patient.D. Policeman and driver.10. A. Four contestants failed to win prizes. B. There was a fashion show on TV.C. The woman missed the show.D. The fifth contestant won a small prize. Section B PassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It‟s a magazine. B. It‟s an organization.C. It‟s a country.D. It‟s a company.12. A. To keep the city full of energy.B. To make more profits from honey.C. To prevent the bee populations from declining.D. To protect the buildings in the city.13. A. In the center of London city.B. In the garden of Natural England‟s office.C. In the London office of Natural England.D. On the roof of Natural England‟s central London office.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. One B. Two. C. Three. D. None.15. A. By ambulance. B. By helicopter. C. By train. D. By police car.16. A. The mother disliked her husband‟s job as a builder.B. They had different plans for the child‟s future.C. They didn‟t reach an agreement over the rights to see the child.D. The father refused to pay the rent after their separation.Section C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the message. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and vocabulary (25%)Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Before the bridge-tunnel opened on October 31, 2009, Chongming Island was only accessible_____ferry.A. toB. onC. inD. by26. How _____ to their children has a strong influence on the character of the children.A. parents are closeB. are parents closeC. close parents areD. close are parents27. -- Mary, now you have a chance to study in Singapore for a year as an exchange student. Areyou interested?-- _____ that be true? Of course I‟ll go.A. MayB. MightC. CanD. Must28. More than 52 types of new weapon systems _____ with China‟s own technology weredisplayed in the National Day military parade.A. developingB. developedC. being developedD. to be developed29. Learn to recognize the symptoms of H1N1 and understand what to do _____ you or a lovedone is infected.A. untilB. as far asC. even ifD. in case30. Dried foods are invaluable to climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, _____ little storagespace.A. which haveB. which hasC. who haveD. that has31. Many believe that the world will end on December 21, 2012 according to the MayanProphecy, _____?A. don‟t theyB. won‟t itC. isn‟t itD. will they32. For me, living a low-carbon life means _____ public transportation to school.A. to takeB. takingC. takeD. taken33. During the 60 years since the founding of the New China, we _____ through millions of upsand downs.A. will goB. have goneC. wentD. are gone34. The three heroes, together with some of their brave schoolmates, jumped into the river tosave the drowning boys despite the fact _____ none of the 19-year-olds could swim.A. thatB. in whichC. whatD. /35. Tiger Woods said that he needed to have his attention _____ on being a better husband, fatherand person.A. focusingB. focusC. be focusedD. focused36. _____ having hundreds of online “friends” is great, our real and closest connections still liewith those who are a part of our daily lives.A. AsB. OnceC. WhileD. When37. I‟m frustrated after so many failures. I can‟t see any hope.-- Behind every misfortune _____!A. lies an opportunityB. does an opportunity lieC. an opportunity liesD. is an opportunity lying38. Spread of 2009 H1N1 virus is thought _____ in the same way that seasonal flu spreads.A. occurringB. to occurC. to be occurredD. occurred39. As a baske tball player, I always keep in mind that it‟s not the winning, but the taking part_____ counts.A. whatB. whenC. thatD. /40. _____ for years, the house designed by an Italian architect finally collapsed.A. Having neglectedB. Being neglectedC. To be neglectedD. Having been neglectedSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Happiness, according to the Oxford English dictionary, is based on luck or good fortune. Joy on the other hand, is described as a vivid emotion of pleasure. Thus, happiness depends on __41__; joy, on our emotional well-being.If you know joyful people, you will probably notice common traits among them. Joyful people are often healthy, both __42__ and mentally; they value strong __43__ relationships, and they don‟t allow the extremes of life -- sudden highs or sudden lows -- to __44__ them too much.Joyful people lead a more stable life. But these abilities do not just arrive; they have to be worked at.Teaching ourselves to be joyful may be one of the greatest things we can do to enhance our __45__ health. However, it is important to understand that joy is an emotion that arises from within us and is not __46__ by the things that happen to us. Instead of looking for external things to provide happiness in our lives, we must __47__ to find the joy within. We must educate ourselves about joy and work to enhance it in our lives. One way to start is to make a __48__ to wake up every morning and find joy in our lives. Think about a special person or a __49__ pet. It is our choice to be joyful or fearful. Let‟s take the time to train ourselves to be joyful -- our lives will be both happier and healthier for it.III. Reading Comprehension (50%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Psychologists in Britain have said that the last full week of January is the most depressing time of the year, and labeled next M onday …Blue Monday‟.Mondays are __50__ seen as the worst day of the week because people feel bad-tempered and tired at having to go back to work after a weekend with a different __51__.There are various reasons why more people feel depressed at this time of the year. Many people have __52__ credit card bills for the Christmas presents they bought, and pay day is often not until the end of the month.As the party season is over, people feel __53__ because they have to go back to real life and they may be unhappy with their body __54__ after having too much wine, ice-cream, and other food at Christmas-time.People may have already failed in their New Year‟s resolutions, __55__ giving up smoking. The bad weather in January can also __56__ people feeling fed up.Some companies are taking this quite seriously and offering counseling for any staff who are feeling depressed. They hope that helping people as soon as there are __57__ of depression will avoid frequent absence from work.__58__, it‟s not all bad! Many people feel optimistic at this time, that things can only get __59__. Psychologists offer suggestions of how to avoid feeling blue. These include spending 15 minutes doing a “gratitude exercise” thinking about and writing down what you are __60__ for, such as health, family, friends and so on.__61__ a new hobby, doing some exercise, going to bed earlier, eating a healthy breakfast, and listening to some uplifting music, are all __62__as ways to feel more cheerful.To avoid feeling blue next January, experts say that the best thing to do is to __63__ better next December. Spend less on presents, eat and drink less over the festive period, and make more __64__ New Year‟s resolutions.50. A. regularly B. generally C. continuously D. obviously51. A. sleep pattern B. hair style C. working time D. food supply52. A. undeveloped B. unpaid C. unguarded D. untouched53. A. complicated B. stressed C. excited D. ashamed54. A. temperature B. language C. health D. image55. A. instead of B. for example C. such as D. including56. A. result from B. lead in C. devote to D. contribute to57. A. suggestions B. signals C. signs D. symbols58. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However59. A. worse B. better C. more good D. more harm60. A. responsible B. critical C. grateful D. enthusiastic61. A. Taking up B. Getting over C. Adding to D. Making up62. A. recommended B. substituted C. involved D. explained63. A. plan B. predict C. broadcast D. bargain64 A. ambitious B. incredible C. ridiculous D. realisticSection BDirections: Read passage A, B, C and D. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)65. For admission to the Detective House, a shopper needs to _____.A. be a DBS card ownerB. spend a total of $150C. answer 3 simple questionsD. have experience in solving cases66. Mrs Rosland, a DBS card holder, spent $200 in the mall, and she would be entitled to _____.A. a free air ticket and a mother-of-pearl necklaceB. a white gold diamond and a limited edition key chainC. a sure win gift of limited edition car key chainD. a Peugeot P200 and a set of white gold diamond67. Which of the following statements is true?A. DBS Bank and Fraser Mall are the official sponsorsB. All shoppers are entitled to a draw for free air ticketC. The rewards are open to all shoppers for the entire month of AprilD. DBS Card owners enjoy double chances in the "Win a car" lucky draw(B)People are being invited to sit down to eat with their neighbors in a nationwide lunch party designed to promote community spirit. The Big Lunch is the idea of the Eden Project in Cornwall. It aims to persuade people up and down the country to hold street lunch parties.Tens of thousands of vegetables, fruits and flowers were used to construct a giant 2,000-square-foot lunch invitation in London’s Convent Garden. More than 9,000 cauliflowers and 800 bananas were used.According to the organizers, people who decide to take part in the activity will get support from large companies which will supply many of the necessities, including plants to be given out to people to grow. The organizers think that the Big Lunch is a great opportunity for people to get together and spend time with their neighbors, friends and families. Events like this also help build strong communities. People can show their talents, get over their embarrassment, shake hands and get to know their neighbors, and realize that the neighborhood where they live can be a great source of happiness and enjoyment.The Eden Project’s leader, Tim Smith, says, “It’s a good way to face this recession. Imagine a day on which millions of us, throughout the UK, sit down to have lunch together with our neighbors in the middle of our streets, around our tower blocks, and on everypatch of common ground. We’ll have cooked our own food, made our own entertainment, and created our own decorations. It will be a day to share bread with our neighbors, and put a smile on Britain’s face.”68. The Big Lunch aims to _____.A. persuade people to eat healthy foodB. encourage people to cook at homeC. help poor people in the communityD. develop community spirit69. Which of the following is false?A. Large companies will give participants enough money to hold the lunch parties.B. The Big Lunch may be a good opportunity to show talents and make friends.C. The Big Lunch is a nationwide activity designed by The Eden Projects.D. The giant lunch invitation in London used a lot of vegetables, fruits and flowers.70. Big Lunch is a good opportunity for people to _____.A. enjoy free foodB. have fun with neighbors and familiesC. shop on the streetD. eat without cooking71. The underlined word “recession” in the last paragraph probably means_____.A. nice environmentB. grand ceremonyC. rapid progressD. economic decline(C)A study published in last week‟s Journal of the American Medical Association offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone. By contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.The author also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight. With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates f or teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” thanwith just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue” he says, “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.”Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使……缓解)the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated(分等级的)licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multi-stage process. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions, before graduating to full driving privileges.Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers. California is the strictest, with a novice(新手)driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20 (without the presence of an adult over 25)for the first six months.72. Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?A. An adult driving his colleague home after 10 p.m.B. A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.C. An adult driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.D. A teenager driving alone on the highway at midnight.73. According to Robert Foss, the high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to _____.A. their stupid talking with passengersB. their improper way of drivingC. their lack of driving experienceD. their breaking the traffic regulations74. At the first stage of the graduated licensing system, a teenage driver can _____.A. drive in the presence of an adultB. carry passengers under 20C. drive friends home at nightD. have the privilege to drive at full speed75. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Driving is too complicated a skill for teenagers to learn.B. The graduated licensing systems are welcomed by teenagers and their parents.C. California is the state with the lowest rate of traffic accident.D. The licensing authorities are partly responsible for teenagers‟ driving accident s.Section CDirections:Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76.The “it‟s my body and I can smoke if I like” case was extinguished by the recognition of the dangers of second-hand smoke. Now smokers are faced with another reason to quit smoking: a smoke print that has a massive worldwide environmental impact.77.Cigarette butts are made of cellulose acetate, which is not a biodegradable material. It can take up to three years or more for a cigarette butt to degrade. While a cigarette filter reduces the amount of tar and smoke inhaled into the lungs of a smoker, it also traps poisonous chemicals. During the years it takes for the filter to break down, poisonous chemicals leach into the ground and the waterways, creating destructive environmental pollution.The impact of cigarette butts on rivers, lakes, and coastal waters is dangerous to marine life. Animals and birds recognize the butts as food, not poison. The ingestion of butts causesunnecessary malnutrition, starvation, and poisoning. Biologists routinely find cigarette butts in the stomachs of sick or dead birds, turtles, and even dolphins.In many developing countries, the farming of tobacco is creating another crisis—deforestation. Wood is used to build curing barns and is also used as fuel to cure the tobacco leaves. An estimated 200,000 hectares of trees are cut for tobacco farming each year, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).80.Despite these facts, smokers continue to light up. The World Health Organization projects that the number of worldwide smokers will rise from the current 1.3 billion to 1.7 billion by 2025 (partly due to population growth) if the frequency of tobacco use does not change. That is a tremendous number of smokers giving out ETS (Environment Tobacco Smoke) into the atmosphere on a daily basis.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Many parents of preschoolers struggle with their children's fears of real and imaginary creatures. A new study offers some ideas on how they can better manage their children's fears and worries. The study, which was carried out by researchers at the University of California, Davis, appears in the November/December 2009 issue of the journal Child Development.Researchers studied about 50 4-, 5-, and 7-year-olds in an effort to identify coping strategies that can be carried out by children. The children listened to a series of short illustrated stories. Each story featured a child alone or with another person who came into contact with something that looked like a real or an imaginary frightening creature, such as a snake or a ghost. Children were asked to predict how intensely afraid each of the children in the stories were, to give a reason why each child felt that way, and to offer a way to help the child in the story feel less afraid.In situations in which a child‟s fear was caused by real creatures, the researchers found, children would rather do something than think positive thoughts. In these situations, boys more often suggested fighting, while girls more often wanted to avoid the creature.They also found that between ages 4 and 7, children show more understanding that people's thoughts and beliefs can both cause and reduce fear. While younger children tended to suggest pretending the imaginary creature was friendly, older children tended to suggest reminding themselves what the reality was. Therefore, the researchers say, preschoolers may benefit from seeing things in a more positive light (“Let‟s pretend the dragon is nice”), while older children may do better when they focus on what's real and w hat's not (“Dragons aren‟t real”).“These results should help parents by reminding them to keep in mind their children‟s age-appropriate abilities when helping them deal with their fears, particularly fears of imaginary creatures,” according to the researc hers.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN FIFTEEN WORDS.)81. The new study aims at offering parents some ideas on __________.82. How did girls deal with fears caused by real creatures?83. How can you help a 7-year-old boy when he had a dream in which he was caught by a ghost?84. When helping children deal with fears of imaginary creatures, parents should alwaysremember __________.第II卷（共45分）I．Translation （20%）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 汤姆的进步值得表扬。

上海市静安、杨浦、青浦、宝山区2013届高三4月高考模拟历史试卷注意：1. 本检测设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律无效。

答题纸与试卷上的试题编号一一对应，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

2. 检测时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

一、选择题（本大题共35小题，第1-30题每小题2分，第31-35题每小题3分，共75分）1.史诗中的神话情节看似荒诞不经，却是认识古代文明的重要线索。

反映地图所示文明区域历史发展的史诗是A.《吉尔伽美什》B.《罗摩衍那》C.《荷马史诗》D.《摩珂婆罗多》【答案】A【解析】考察古代两河流域的文化。

图中所示地区为西亚两河流域。

A是反映古代两河流域文明的史诗； B是古印度的史诗；C是关于古希腊的史诗，D是古印度的史诗作品。

故应选A。

2.“城邦制度和直接民主两者是相互依存、互为条件的。

”雅典城邦为直接民主提供的一个重要条件是A. 城邦人口相对集中，互相比较熟悉B. 城邦人口较少，而且公民数量更少C. 城邦公民不从事劳动，闲暇时间多D. 城邦政务简单，人人都有能力管理【答案】B【解析】考察古代希腊的政治制度。

城邦国家是雅典民主政治发展的首要政治前提条件。

故应选B。

3.屋大维的顾问抱怨说：“麻烦在于人口众多，管理事务繁杂。

因为公民包括了种族和能力上形形色色的人，他们的秉性和愿望更是千差万别，所以统治起来困难至极。

”罗马为此制定的一系列的法令统称为A．铜表法 B．公民法 C．万民法 D．自然法【答案】C【解析】考察古代罗马的法律。

罗马的对外扩张，逐渐形成了一个地跨欧、亚、非三洲的大帝国。

庞大帝国由于是通过战争建立起来的，相互之间缺乏必要的经济联系，如何维系庞大的帝国是帝国统治者们颇费脑筋的一件大事。

为解决此问题，罗马帝国统治者们发扬传统，进一步完善已有的法律，形成适合整个帝国的法律即万民法。

故应选C。

4.“诸侯朝天子曰述职。

一不朝，则贬其爵；再不朝，则削其地；三不朝，则六师移之。

上海市部分重点中学2010届高三六校联考历史试题一、选择题：（共60分，每题2分，30题，请将答案填涂在答题卡上）1．有人把文字史料大致分为两类：一是直接的史料；二是间接的史料。

凡是未经中间人修改或转写的，是直接的史料；凡是经中间人修改或转写的是间接史料。

下列属于直接史料的是…………………………………………………………………………………（ C ）A．《春秋》 B．大禹治水 C．殷墟甲骨 D．《希波战争史》2．法国史学家朗格诺瓦和瑟诺博司所著《史学原论》一书指出：“史料可分为两种，有时过去的事件，留下实迹（碑碣及制造品），有时，也是更常见的，事件所留下的痕迹，是心理的状态——一种文字上的描写和叙述。

”作者的意思是…………………………（ A ）A．任何文字史料都带有主观因素 B．实迹和文字史料都真实反映历史C．历史是“心理的状态”的反映 D．只有实迹史料才能反映历史真实3．“在古代印度的城市里，经常会听到一阵阵的敲击瓦罐的声音，路上行人就会像要避开瘟疫一样纷纷躲在路旁。

这是为什么？同样是人，他们却要远离城市居住，同样是人，他们却被看成是不可接触的‘贱民’，就连死了，也要埋到人迹不到的地方。

”这样的情景是由于…………………………………………………………………………………（ C ）A．古印度社会长期分裂 B．古印度多种宗教影响C．古印度盛行种姓制度 D．古印度吠陀时代记载4．罗兹·墨菲在《亚洲史》一书中讲到：“29岁前，他过着一个王子的常规生活，尽享世俗欢乐。

19岁时与一位美丽的公主结婚，有了一个儿子。

人们在他死后关于他及其宗教人物编织的十分详尽的传说大致就是这样说的。

我们还知道他成年后成为一个苦修者，多年云游讲学，招收了一批追随者，创立了一个宗教体系，于公元前484到公元前480年间年届80岁时死去。

这就是关于他的较可靠生平情况的全部。

后来经过渲染的有关他传奇一生的故事也很重要，因为它影响了一代又一代数百万亚洲人的生活。

某某市杨浦区2010届高三上学期学科测试历史试卷本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，全卷共10页。

2010年1月考生注意:1．答卷前，考生务必分别在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔清楚填写某某和某某号，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写某某号。

交卷时需交答题卡和答题纸，试卷不用上交。

2．选择题（第1-30题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

注意：答题卡与试卷在试题编号和选项上是一一对应的。

考生应将代表该题答案的小方格涂黑，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选择用橡皮擦清，重新选择。

答案不能写在试卷上，写在试卷上一律不给分。

（注意：答题卡的某某是九位，如“×××××××××”，涂时按九位涂）3．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分。

每题只有一个正确选项。

）1．“我们不模仿我们的邻人，但我们是他们的榜样。

我们的政体确可以称为某某政体，因为行政权不是掌握在少数人手里，而是握在多数人手中。

……任何人都可以有益于国家。

”——伯里克利。

你认为古代雅典某某政治高度发展的主要因素有①文化的繁荣活跃②商贸的频繁③相对封闭的地理环境④平民与贵族的斗争A．①②③④ B．①② C．①②③ D．①②④2．20世纪初，历史学家王国维在证明《史记·殷本纪》时总结自己的研究方法时说：“吾辈生于今日，幸遇纸上之材料外，更得地下之新材料。

有此种材料，我辈固得据以补正纸上之材料，亦得证明古书之某部分全为实录。

……此二重证据法，唯在今日始得为之。

”他所庆幸得到的地下“新材料”应该是（A）（B）（C）（D）3．诸子百家的政治主X在我国封建社会作为统治思想先后体现的有①道家“无为” ②儒家的“仁政” ③墨家的“兼爱” ④法家的“法治”A．①②③ B．①②④ C．④①② D．①②③④4．达·芬奇的著名的绘画作品《蒙娜丽莎》自诞生以来，以她无与伦比的美丽，令无数人为之倾倒。

胶州市第三中学高三模块测试历史试题说明：1．本试题分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。

请将所有题目的答案写在答题纸上。

2．满分100分，考试时间90分钟。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题50分)一、选择题：本大题共25小题，每小题2分，计50分。

在每小题所给的四个选项中，只有．．一个．．选项是符合题目要求的。

1．孟子曰：“老而无妻日鳏，老而无夫日寡，幼而无父日孤，老而无子日独。

王者欲发政施仁，必先斯四者。

”材料所体现的政治思想是A．礼治B．仁爱C．仁政D．兼爱2．西汉肘代，自然灾异频发。

每当灾害发生，皇帝常常下罪己诏。

据黄仁宇先生统计，《汉书》中记载皇帝颁布“罪己诏”多达三十三次。

这反映了A．“大一统”主张B．“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”主张C．“三纲五常”学说D．“天人感应”学说。

3．“知是心之体，心自然会知。

见父自然知孝，见兄自然知悌，见孺子入井自然而知恻隐，此便是理，人生而有之，不假外求。

”材料认为加强道德修养的途径是A．经世致用B．格物致知C．致良知D．穷理格物4．下列观点中，最有可能得到李贽赞同的是A．“天不生仲尼，万古如长夜”B．“圣人之道无异于百姓日用”C．“仲尼之道，广大悠久，与天地并”D．儒家经典乃“万世之至论”5．“父前行，子踵后。

路遇长者，敛足拱手，尊长在前，不可口唾。

”这是敦煌发现的唐宋时期少儿启蒙读物中的句子，它反映当时的教育A．鼓励儿童活泼机智B．注重儒家伦理道德C．提倡父子教学相长D．突出地方教育特色6．某位古董商要出售以下文物：商周金文青铜鼎、隶书竹简、楷书王羲之《兰亭序》摹本、行书关汉卿《窦娥冤》手稿。

请判断，他最可能是下列何时何地的商人A．汉都洛阳B．唐都长安C．宋都开封D．明都北京7．即将举办的中国上海世博会会徽形似汉字“世”，且与举办年份的数字组合巧妙，三个人形，既代表三口之家，也代表“你”、“我”、“他”及全人类，表达了中国人民把这届世博会办成人文思想、属于世界、多元文化融合的博览盛会的强烈愿望。

上海市16区2015－2016学年高三上学期期末考试历史试题分类汇编 （中国古代文化对世界的影响、中国古代的中央集权体制、近代中国社会的转型）本资料收集整理了上海市浦东新区、宝山区、长宁区、奉贤区、虹口区、黄浦区、嘉定区、金山区、静安区、闵行区、普陀区、青浦区、松江区、徐汇区、杨浦区、闸北区等16个区2015-2016学年度高三上学期期末考试历史试题，分类汇编而成。

【中国古代文化对世界的影响】1．(2016·奉贤期末·13)中国古代历史上，外来文化主要通过两个方向传入中国（如右图）。

下列对①②两个方向传入中国的外来文化及传入的时代的描述正确的是A ．①基督教/汉朝；②伊斯兰教/宋朝B ．①佛教/汉朝；②基督教/明朝C ．①佛教/唐朝；②基督教/明朝D ．①伊斯兰教/唐朝；②佛教/汉朝【中国古代的中央集权体制】1．(2016·徐汇期末·31)从秦到清，中国的帝国时代持续了两千多年，其间也经历着统一与分裂的变迁。

以下对“分裂”与“统一”的认识最为恰当的一项是（ ）A ．统一是时代主流，分裂是暂时的B ．天下大势，分久必合，合久必分C ．发动者未必都来自经济发达地区D ．每次统一相较前代都有进步表现【3分项】：D 【1分项】： A C 【0分项】：B【中国古代的中央集权体制】2．(2016·黄浦期末·12)下图为西汉以来我国历代节妇烈女人数统计柱状图。

除去历代人口数量变化以及各朝代历时长短的因素之外，导致图中节妇烈女人数开始剧增最直接的原因是：① ②A．专制统治的加强B．商品经济的繁荣C．科考制度的影响D．思想控制的强化二、非选择题1．(2016·黄浦期末·37)中央集权制度。

阅读材料，回答下列问题。

（14分）材料一：农业社会里，生产力水平相对低下，与之相应的制度特点是专制。

但在前资本主义时期，中央集权制度不断加强和完善，这是中国制度建设的独特之处。