英语学术论文写作范文 学术英语写作 范文17篇

英语专业论文英语范文推荐(精选4篇)选择英语文学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行：国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。

问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来，本文是勤劳的小编给家人们找到的英语专业论文英语范文推荐【精选4篇】，仅供参考，希望对大家有一些参考价值。

英语小论文800字篇一1．坚强的意志是成功的重要保证。

2．意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命，3．学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，终究不会成为有用之才There is an old saying: where there is a will, there is a way. It tells us that a strong will is the most essential quality that anyone who wants to achieve success. It can contribute a lot to one’s success.Although “All roads lead to Rome”, none of them is completely smooth. Our life is filled with obstacles which may make us feel so hopeless that we may choose to give up. At the crucial moment, strong will helps a lot. As a matter of fact, the ability to work through difficult situation and unfortunate events with strong will can make one stronger and more capable. In other words, if we want to realize life’s goal, we must keep forging ahead with strong consciousness.From what has been discussed above, we can see that the establishment of tough determination is of great importance to everyone. With a strong will, including our knowledge, we will be able to deal with any situation in our life. Whatever we do, as long as we stick to and do not give up easily, we will realize the goal at last.英语专业论文模板篇二“魅力新声”英语歌唱比赛不仅具有较高的学术含量，而且包含较浓厚的英语文化。

简单的essay范文篇1Good morning. It is really my honor to be here for this interview. I hope I can make a good performance today. I’m confidence that I can succeed. Now let me introduce myself. My name is XXX .from Anhui province. Now I study in Zhejiang University of Technology as a postgraduate,and will be graduated July this year.My major is chemical engineering and technology. During the postgraduate study,I’m the chairman of Student Union,planning and organizing lots of activities,like academic activities,annual summary meetings,evening party,and so on. Also take part in many volunteer service activities. Like low-carbon transportation activity in 2009,Wuhu. We used the theme “Greener Traffic,Cleaner Air” to encourage car owners to take public transportation more often and help ease road congestion and contribute to better air quality. Now,I’m very glad I did these which not only prove my social ability,like communication,organization,teamwork. But most important,it teaches me dedication and thankful to society. Also I have a work experience in a surface science application company and several internship experiences,which mentioned in my resume. So I’m not introduced here.Today,I’m coming here for the career International sales from zhijiang silica che micals. It has good staff development platform Project,corporate culture,and strong Research Team. So I feel I can gain lots and work happy in the company. I think I’m a good team player and a person of great honesty to others. Also,I am able to work under great pressure. I am confident that I am qualified for the consult service in your company. That’s all. Thank you for giving me the chance. I am looking forward to becoming a part of your company.简单的essay范文篇2Family is a very important part of daily lif e in material as well as in spirit. It’s important not only because it provides us a place to live in, but also it supports us in spiritual aspect. Family is the most familiar place for us, where there are our beloved families who care for and support to e ach other. In addtition, it’s a place full filled with love, although it appears to be so common. The ordinary household affairs make us feel the warmth and happiness of family all the time. The most important is that family is our haven, a place where we are protected. It perhaps is the last station where we can lay down burden and get the real relax. 看了关于家的英文作文还看：简单的essay范文篇3Dear Sir/Madam:Now and then corporations send out feelers for just the right type of creative person must fit very specific , after all is said and done,the corporation wants a business person who can manage,create and communicate.A seasoned professional who\'s been around for a you\'ve been looking for this rare combination of business savvy and design expertise,my background might interest you:Tenyears of working background in the management of creative new technologies that show instant profit, such as CAD/CAM.This is but a brief summary of my there is much,much more to feel I have strong marketable skills in which you would be interested.Please contact me if you would like to hear and see more.With many thanks,Huang Yan简单的essay范文篇4Dear MrMs JiangI was unable to e to 1st and 2nd period to the rain yesterday， I was wet and had temperature at night. The doctor adviced me to rest for several days and after my recovery， I will attend school as soon as possible.I am sincerely sorry about the inconvenience. However， I would like to have your permission. Also， afterwards I would phone you and theres the certificate by the doctor.Li TieOctober 21st 20xx简单的essay范文篇5the classroom atmosphere relaxed and lively, and actively aroused the interest of students. The curriculum is reasonable, the depth of knowledge, practical operation, teaching effect is good, and teaching content is novel, unique, has its own characteristics, can be very good inspiration, drive students thinking. Conception of the new, greatly inspired the students creative thinking. In teacher-student interaction, to avoid the teacher simply speaking, students listen to the inherent teaching model, breaking the routine, so that students participate in the classroom whichserious and responsible teacher, as a model, pay close attention to student military training, high standards everywhere Defense Education Division, keep up with the pace of the times, the content of teaching new, exciting, students are often fascinated. In the teaching process not only focus on the popularization of student knowledge, but also pay attention to cultivating students\' patriotism. Classroom interaction and efficient teaching effect is extremely obvious, by the students like.the overall effectiveness of teachers in the classroom teaching good, the basic skills of teachers excellent, therefore, the effect achieved in the class is very good, the guidance is targeted, so that students are more likely to improve. Class teachers are very concerned about the interaction with the students, especially the effect of interaction is very good, thelanguage is also very vivid, image. The students did not ignore the students of their own hands-on training, classroom efficiency is extremely high.12, the teacher\'s teaching effect is very good, the content of the teacher\'s teaching students have a deeper understanding of the contents of teachers in-depth wide range of wonderful language so that students are very input. In addition, teachers conception of teaching is very attractive, innovative ways, while the interaction between teachers and students also make the course of the effect has improved significantly. Students in the whole class in good condition, attention, the teacher said the content is very good.自我评价用英文怎么说呢？本文是自我评价英文版一I have Concubine good looks, communication skills and organizational capacities of the strong, experienced numerous winter and summer vacations working temper my language...简单的essay范文篇6During National Day my parents and I went to Hong Kong in South China. It is a beautiful seaside city because there are many places of interest in it. At first we visited my cousin\'s house. His house is quite different from mine. It is big and clean. Each room is decorated in different kinds of styles.Those made us feel excited. And then we visited Hong Kong Disneyland. It is one of the most famous theme parks in the world and includes four parks—Main Street USA, Fantasyland, Tomorrowland and Adventureland. from .There we did some meaningful activities, for example, we took some wonderful photos with Disney characters, watched all kinds of shows, had lunch in a fast food restaurant and went to buy some souvenirs in Main Street. Finally, we went to many other interesting places. In all we stayed in Hong Kong for five days. It was a really exciting trip and we all had a good time.1.号码的英文缩写是什么2.美国的英文缩写是什么3.图片的英文缩写是什么月的英文缩写是什么月英文缩写是什么简单的essay范文篇7Good afternoon (morning)， professors:It is my great pleasure to be here. My name is mingmingzhou , graduated from Computer Science Department of Wuhan my four-year study in the university as an under-graduate student, I have built up a solid foundation of professional knowledge, as well as a richexperience of social activities. I am a determined person, always willing to achieve higher goals.What\'s more, I am good at analysis, with a strong sense of cooperation. All of these led me to the success of passing the first round of the entrance examination to the Master\'s degree. Personally, I am very humorous and easy-going, enjoying a good relationship among my classmates.In my spare time, I like to read books regarding how to be myself and how to deal with problems. Music and movies are my favorite entertainments. As for my sport interest, I could not deny my greatest interest is football. Playing this game brings me a lot of glory, happiness and passion.All in all, Wuhan University, with a highly qualified faculty and strong academic environment is the university I have long admired. I believe that I am a very qualified applicant for admission into your Master of IT program and can contribute to the enrichment or diversity of your university.THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!简单的essay范文篇8Im grateful for the opportunity to work for you and I enjoy doing so. I hope youll agree that, inthe two years Ive worked for you, Ive become an integral member of your team and accomplished a great deal. For example, in the last six months alone, Ive List of major accomplishments。

学术英语essay范文As an AI language model, I am programmed to write academic essays in English with a human-like approach.Below is an example of an academic essay on the topic of climate change from multiple perspectives.Climate change is a pressing issue that has garnered widespread attention in recent years. From the melting of polar ice caps to the increase in extreme weather events, the impact of climate change is being felt across the globe. In this essay, we will explore the multifaceted nature of climate change, examining its environmental, social, and economic implications. Furthermore, we will consider therole of individual and collective action in addressing this global challenge.From an environmental perspective, climate change poses a significant threat to the delicate balance of ecosystems around the world. Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are leading to the loss ofbiodiversity, as many species struggle to adapt to these rapid changes. Additionally, the melting of glaciers and ice caps is contributing to rising sea levels, which in turn poses a threat to low-lying coastal areas. The impact of climate change on the environment is undeniable, and urgent action is needed to mitigate these effects.In addition to its environmental implications, climate change also has far-reaching social consequences. Vulnerable communities, particularly those in developing countries, are disproportionately affected by the effects of climate change. Droughts, floods, and other extreme weather events can lead to food and water shortages, displacement, and conflict. Furthermore, the burden of climate change often falls on those who have contributed the least to the problem, highlighting the inherent injustice of the issue. It is crucial to consider the social dimensions of climate change and work towards solutions that prioritize equity and justice.The economic impact of climate change is another critical aspect to consider. The costs of adapting to andmitigating the effects of climate change are substantial, and failure to take action could result in even greater economic losses in the future. However, it is important to recognize that the transition to a low-carbon economy also presents opportunities for innovation and growth. Investing in renewable energy, sustainable infrastructure, and green technologies can create new jobs and industries while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By addressing climate change, there is potential to create a more sustainable and prosperous future for all.Individual and collective action are essential in addressing the challenges posed by climate change. While governments and international organizations play a crucial role in setting policies and targets, individuals also have the power to make a difference. Simple actions such as reducing energy consumption, using public transportation, and supporting sustainable businesses can contribute to a collective effort to combat climate change. Furthermore, advocating for policy changes and engaging in community initiatives can amplify the impact of individual actions. By working together, we can create a more sustainable andresilient future for generations to come.In conclusion, climate change is a complex and urgent issue that requires a multifaceted approach. By considering its environmental, social, and economic implications, we can better understand the far-reaching effects of climate change. Furthermore, by recognizing the importance of individual and collective action, we can work towards solutions that address this global challenge. It is imperative that we act now to mitigate the impact of climate change and create a more sustainable and equitable world for future generations.。

10篇优秀英语作文范文1. The Power of EducationIn today's fast-paced world, education is not just a tool for personal growth but a catalyst for societal progress.This essay explores the transformative impact of education on individuals and communities, emphasizing the importance of critical thinking and lifelong learning.2. The Impact of Technology on CommunicationAs technology continues to evolve, so does the way we communicate. This piece delves into the effects of digital communication on interpersonal relationships, discussing both the advantages, such as instant connectivity, and the drawbacks, including the potential for miscommunication.3. Environmental Conservation: A Global ResponsibilityThe essay highlights the importance of environmental conservation and the role of each individual in preservingthe planet. It calls for collective action against climate change and promotes sustainable practices that can helprestore the Earth's ecosystems.4. The Role of Sports in SocietySports are more than just physical activities; they are a significant part of our social fabric. This composition examines the role of sports in fostering teamwork, discipline, and community spirit, as well as their impact on health and well-being.5. The Influence of Social Media on Modern RelationshipsThis essay critically evaluates the influence of social media on how we form and maintain relationships. It discusses the positive aspects, such as the ability to stay connected, and the negative implications, such as the potential for privacy invasion and the spread of misinformation.6. The Importance of Cultural DiversityCultural diversity is a rich tapestry that enriches our global community. This essay celebrates the benefits of cultural diversity, including the exchange of ideas, the promotion of creativity, and the fostering of mutual respect and understanding.7. The Challenges of UrbanizationAs more people migrate to urban areas, cities face numerous challenges. This essay discusses the issues of urbanization, including overcrowding, pollution, and the strain on resources, and proposes sustainable solutions to manage these challenges.8. The Ethics of Artificial IntelligenceThe advancement of AI brings with it a host of ethical considerations. This essay explores the moral implications of AI, including issues of privacy, job displacement, and the potential for AI to be used in harmful ways.9. The Significance of Volunteer WorkVolunteering is a selfless act with profound benefits for both the volunteer and the community. This compositiondiscusses the personal and societal value of volunteer work, from building a sense of purpose to addressing social issues.10. The Pursuit of HappinessThe concept of happiness is subjective and multifaceted. This essay investigates what happiness means in different cultural contexts and how it can be achieved through various means, including personal fulfillment, relationships, and contributing to the well-being of others.。

学术写作英文作文英文：Academic writing is a crucial skill for any student or researcher. It involves the ability to communicate complex ideas and research findings in a clear and concise manner.In this essay, I will discuss the importance of academic writing and provide some tips on how to improve your skills.Firstly, academic writing is important because itallows you to communicate your ideas to a wider audience. Whether you are writing a research paper or a thesis, your work will be read by other scholars in your field. Therefore, it is essential that you are able to expressyour ideas clearly and effectively.Secondly, academic writing is important because ithelps you to develop critical thinking skills. When you are writing an academic paper, you need to analyze and evaluate the evidence that you have gathered. This process requiresyou to think critically about the information that you have and to draw logical conclusions.To improve your academic writing skills, there are several things that you can do. Firstly, you should read widely in your field. This will help you to understand the conventions of academic writing and to develop your own style. Secondly, you should practice writing regularly. This will help you to develop your skills and to identify areas where you need to improve. Finally, you should seek feedback from others. This will help you to identify your strengths and weaknesses and to improve your writing accordingly.In conclusion, academic writing is an essential skill for anyone who wants to succeed in their studies or research. By following the tips outlined in this essay, you can improve your writing skills and become a more effective communicator.中文：学术写作是任何学生或研究人员的重要技能。

英文论文（优秀4篇）选择英语文学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行：国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。

以下是可爱的编辑为大伙儿收集整理的英文论文（优秀4篇），希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

英语专业论文模板篇一很多学生忽视了毕业论文的重要性和现实意义，这是其写作质量不高的主要原因之一。

毕业论文是大学生在校期间向学校所交的较后一份书面作业。

英语专业学生在修完一般英语写作课程后，初步熟知和掌握了基本的写作要素和技巧，这时为了深化写作内容，进一步提高文字表达能力，须开始进行学术论文写作。

毕业论文写作在巩固了词的各种意义、搭配、用法、词序，句子的定义、结构、种类、用法，即写作的基本要素和技巧的同时，还能培养初步的研究、分析和总结问题的能力。

这就为学生在日后进一步从事相关学科的研究工作打下了坚实的基础。

《高等学校英语专业教学大纲》指出，“毕业论文是考察学生综合能力、评估学业成绩的一个重要方式”。

毕业论文写作的优劣、质量的高低是决定学生能否顺利毕业或可否被授予学位的重要依据。

因此大学生须重视和认真撰写毕业论文。

英语论文范文word 篇二Upon the completion of the thesis, I would like to take this opportunity toexpress my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Peng Xiaohua, who hasgiven me important guidance on the thesis. Without his help and encouragement,my thesis would have been impossible. Besides his help with my thesis,he hasalso given me much advice on the methods of doing research, which is of greatvalue to my future academic life.I am also obliged to other teachers whose lectures have broadened my scopeof vision in British and American literature and help me lay a necessaryfoundation for the writing of the thesis. I am also grateful to all the members ofthe faculty and staff in the College of Foreign Languages who have provided mewith a lot of help and guidance.Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to all the friends andfamily members who have offered me help. Without their help,I could not havefinished my study and this thesis.英语专业论文模板篇三分层次提出教学要求：英语系按照学校的要求把XX级学生以入学成绩为依据分了两个层次，A层次普通学科专业班级，B层次体音美专业班级。

英文学术论文范文英文学术论文范文范例（优秀7篇）推荐英文学术论文篇一会议相关事项：1、正式开会时间为：20某某年8月17-19日。

16日下午报到。

2、会议语言为中文和英文。

有同声翻译。

会议日程安排和具体资料请见本会专用网站：3、基金会承担您参加会议期间的午餐。

没有会务费。

其他费用自理(如果需要大会筹备组代订宾馆，请在报名时标明)。

4、诚请您在收到邀请函后即登录会议网站进行网上报名，也可用传真形式通知(参会回执可从网上获取)。

推荐英文学术论文篇二，关于某某大学第三届研究生国际学术会议的通知为了进一步营造科学研究氛围，开拓研究生国际学术视野，搭建研究生展示科研成果的平台，提升研究生研究能力、学术水平和国际交流能力，定于20某某年11月18-20日举办某某大学第三届研究生国际学术会议。

现将有关事项通知如下：本次研究生国际学术会议由某某大学研究生院主办，国际教育学院等相关学院协办。

成立第三届研究生国际学术会议组织委员会负责具体组织工作。

组委会成员如下：组长：江驹副组长：刘丽琳范祥涛王亚彤成员：沈星黄金泉赖际舟刘少斌左敦稳汪涛葛红娟刘友文张卓李栗燕屈雅红刘长江于敏王箭秘书：张廷赟沈楠郑珺子20某某年11月18日-20日中国某某某某大学㈠征稿范围本次国际学术会议征稿对象为某某大学硕、博士研究生（含留学生）、国内其他高校硕、博士研究生（含留学生）、国外研究生。

㈡投稿时间国外研究生投稿时间为20某某年6月10日-8月31日国内研究生（含留学研究生）投稿时间为20某某年6月10日-10月1日。

㈢投稿要求1、本次学术会议论文投稿领域分航空宇航、机械、信息、材料、人文经管、其他共六大类。

论文要求为原创研究成果，论文内容不涉密、不涉及政治与宗教问题。

2、本次学术会议以研究生提交英文论文、大会英文发言交流形式参会。

所有未正式发表的论文均可投稿，长度不限。

㈣评审时间1、会议形式本次会议官方用语为英语，会议分大会交流和分组交流，组委会将选出不超过10篇论文参加大会英文发言交流，其余所有录用论文将在分会场进行交流发言。

大学英语写作范文1Learning English at college is different from learning English at middle school. In middle school, we learn English mainly for the entrance examination for college, while the purpose of learning English at college is quite different. We study foreign languages now to improve our ability to work in the future and especially to communicate with foreiguers.How can we learn English well at college? Firstly, you should try your best to enlarge your vocabulary. Only in this way can you read more smoothly and understand others well. Secondly, you should pay more attention to the listening and speaking ability in learning English. While talking with foreigners, if you cant understand them, and do not know how to express yourself, the talking will be very difficult. And the last point is that you should improve your English whenever and wherever you can.Obviously, there is still a long way for us to go to learn English well. As a proverb says, Never too old to learn. There are so many methods to learn English. So long as you keep on studying, your English will surely be improved.大学英语写作范文2In general, knowledge gained from books has a wider range than that gained from experience. We now live in a world that typophile is no longer exorbitant, and that printed matters are readily available. In libraries, we can learn nearly everything only if we have already acquired basic reading skills, philosophy, history, literature, physics, mathematics, chemicals, biology, geography, anthropology, and the list will go on. Unlike the experience of an individual that is limited by the range of that individual, books seem to have almost no limitation. Sitting in the local library, we virtually can travel everywhere through an interesting geographic encyclopedia, and certainly, with nearly no expense at all. On the other hand, it can be argued that sometimes knowledge gained from experience is much deeper and more comprehensive than that gained from books. It is quite true that not every thing is contained in books. How to deal with personal finance, how to cope with current social trends, even how to most effectively organize our own mind, and numerous other things can seldom be found thoroughly and comprehensively discussed in books, we have to gain the knowledge by our own experience. And the sad news is that even some knowledge that is contained in books usually needs further comprehension, mainly through experience. As to which source is more important, the answers vary. Some knowledge can be acquired only through books. It's hard to imagine we can have a good understanding of history without reading books. On the other hand, some knowledge can be obtained only through experience. When we try to learn to swim, merely a detailed manual of swimming skills, even abundantly filled with illustrations, is at most useless. We have to jump into the water and then gain the knowledge with experience. We have to use books and experience as source simultaneously to get what we want to know. Take learning physics for example, both books and experiences are equally important sources, and examples as such are numerous. Therefore, I think whether one source is more important than the other depends on circumstances.在一般情况下，从书中获得的知识，有一个更广泛的范围比从经验中获得的。

学术英语写作学术英语写作范文也许你的英语作文写的好，可是却不代表学术英语写作你就能写好。

下面，店铺为大家送上一篇学术英语写作范文及其提高技巧。

学术英语写作范文：I disagree strongly with the idea that the same amount of money should go to university sports activities as to university libraries. Although playing sports is a wonderful way to learn about teamwork, strategy and reaching your goals, it should not be the principal focus of a university education.Students need the most up-to-date library facilities available to get the best education. Many of those facilities are very expensive to buy and maintain. These include computerized programs and access to internet research databases that students can use to find information all around the world. If a university is only offering its students resources of a decade ago, it’s depriving those students of a tremendous amount of information.Even the book and magazine budget of universities has gone up tremendously in last decade. More is being published on every subject, and every university wants to have this information available to its students.It also costs money for universities to keep their libraries open. Students need to have access to all the libraries' research tools as much of time as possible. Because students are young and can stay up all night studying, many universities are starting to leave their libraries open all night during exam periods. This costs money, because the staff has to be paid extra to be there. It also costs money to run the building (electricity, heat) duringthat time.Students at universities are only going to benefit from their education if they can get to all the tools they need to learn. Sports are secondary to the resources that students need from university libraries. For this reason, libraries should always be better funded than sport activities.学术英语写作提高技巧：1.大量的读，而且要读最好的材料在读写部分，阅读是输入，写作是输出，而输入部分包含以下层面：知识背景，思辨模式。

学士英语作文范文10篇1. Title: The Benefits of ReadingReading is an essential activity that provides numerous benefits to individuals. It not only enhances our knowledge but also improves our focus and concentration. Additionally, reading can also reduce stress and improve our creativity. Therefore, incorporating reading into our daily routine can significantly improve our overall well-being.2. Title: The Impact of Technology on CommunicationTechnology has revolutionized the way we communicate with one another. While it has made communication faster and more convenient, it has also led to a decrease in face-to-face interactions. This has resulted in a decline in interpersonal skills and has impacted the quality of our relationships. Therefore, it is important to find a balance between usingtechnology for communication and engaging in direct interactions with others.3. Title: The Importance of Environmental ConservationEnvironmental conservation is crucial for preserving our planet for future generations. By reducing our carbon footprint and adopting sustainable practices, we can help protect ecosystems and wildlife. Additionally, raising awareness about environmental issues and advocating for policy changes can also contribute to a healthier and more sustainable planet.4. Title: The Significance of Education in SocietyEducation plays a vital role in shaping individuals and societies. It provides individuals with the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in their personal and professional lives. Furthermore, education promotes critical thinking and fosters a sense of social responsibility. Therefore,investing in education is essential for the progress and development of society as a whole.5. Title: The Impact of Social Media on Mental HealthWhile social media has connected people from around the world, it has also had negative effects on mental health. The constant comparison to others, cyberbullying, and the pressure to present a perfect image can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and depression. It is important for individuals to be mindful of their social media usage and prioritize their mental well-being.6. Title: The Role of Women in LeadershipWomen have made significant strides in leadership roles in recent years, but there is still progress to be made. Gender inequality continues to exist in many industries, and women are often underrepresented in positions of power. It is crucial to advocate for equal opportunities for women inleadership and to create a more inclusive and diverse workplace.7. Title: The Benefits of Diversity in CommunitiesDiversity in communities leads to a variety of perspectives and experiences, which can enrich the lives of individuals and strengthen the community as a whole. Embracing diversity fosters understanding and tolerance, creating a more inclusive environment where everyone feels valued and respected. By celebrating our differences, we can build stronger and more connected communities.8. Title: The Impact of Globalization on CultureGlobalization has brought the world closer together, facilitating the exchange of ideas, goods, and cultures. While this has led to greater cultural diversity and interconnectedness, it has also resulted in the homogenization of cultures and the loss of traditional practices. It is important for societies to preserve theircultural heritage while embracing the benefits of globalization.9. Title: The Importance of Mental Health AwarenessMental health awareness is essential for promoting well-being and reducing the stigma surrounding mental illness. By educating the public about mental health issues and providing access to resources and support, we can create a more compassionate and understanding society. It is crucial to prioritize mental health and offer assistance to those in need.10. Title: The Power of KindnessKindness has the ability to uplift spirits, foster connections, and create a positive impact on the world. By practicing acts of kindness, we can bring joy and comfort to others, as well as cultivate a culture of compassion and empathy. Small gestures of kindness can have a ripple effect,inspiring others to pay it forward and make the world a better place.。

Sample 1Native American Influences on Modern U.S. CultureWhen the first Europeans came to the North American continent, they encountered the completely new cultures of the Native American. Peoples of North America, Native Americans, who had highly developed cultures in many respects, must have been as curious about them. As always happens when two or more cultures come into contact, there was a cultural exchange. Native Americans adopted some of the Europeans’ ways, and the Europeans adopted some of their ways. As a result, Native Americans have made many valuable contributions to modern U.S. culture, particularly in the areas of language, art, food, and government.First of all, native Americans left a permanent mark on the English language. The early English-speaking settlers borrowed from several different Native American languages words for places in this new land. All across the country are cities, towns, rivers, and states with native American names. For example, the states of Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, and Alabama are named after Native American tribes, as are the cities of Chicago, Miami, and Spokane. In addition to place names, English adopted from various Native American languages the words for animals and plants found in the Americas, Chipmunk, moose, raccoon, skunk, tobacco, and squash are just a few examples.Although the vocabulary of English is the area that shows the most Native American influence, it is not the only area of U.S. culture that has been shaped by contact with Native Americans. Art if another area of important Native American contributions. Wool rugs woven by women of the Navajo Tribe in Arizona and New Mexico are highly valued works of art in the United States. Native American jewelry made from silver and turquoise is also very popular and very expensive. Especially in the western and southwestern regions of the United States, native crafts such as pottery, leather products, and beadwork can be found in many homes. Indeed, native art and handicrafts are a treasured part of U.S. culture.In addition to language and art, agriculture is another area in which Native Americans had a great and lasting influence on the peoples who arrived here from Europe, Africa, and Asia. Being skilled farmers, the Native Americans of North America taught the new comers many things about farming techniques and crops. Every U.S. schoolchild has heard the story of how Native Americans taught the first settlers to place a dead fish in a planting hole to provide fertilizer for the growing plant. Furthermore, they taught the settlers irrigation methods and crop rotation. Many of the foods people in the United States eat today were introduced to the Europeans by Native Americans. For example, corn and chocolate were unknown in Europe. Now they are staples in the U.S. diet.Finally, it may surprise some people to learn that citizens of the United States are also indebted to the native people for our form of government. The Iroquois, who were an extremely large tribe with many branches called “nations”, had develo ped a highly sophisticated system of government to settle disputes that arose between the various branches. Five of the nations had joined together in a confederation called “The League of the Iroquois.” Under the league, each nation was autonomous in running its own internal affairs, but the nations acted as a unit when dealing with outsiders. The league kept the Iroquois from fighting among themselves and was also valuable in diplomatic relations with other tribes. When the 13 colonies were considering what kind of government to establish after they had won their independence from Britain, someone suggested that they use a system similar to that of the League of the Iroquois. Under this system, each colony or future state would be autonomous in managing its own affairs but would join forces with the other states to deal with matters that concerned them all. This is exactly whathappened. As a result, the present from of government of the United States can be traced directly back to a Native American model.In conclusion, we can easily see from these few examples the extent of Native American influence on our language, our art forms, out eating habits, and our government. The people of the United States are deeply indebted to Native Americans for their contributions to U.S. Culture. Exercise: Complete the outline by filling in the missing parts.Native American Influences on Modern U.S. CultureI. IntroductionThesis statement: ___________________________________________________________II. BodyA. Native Americans left a permanent mark on the English language.1. Names of places-cities, towns, rivers, and statesa. States: Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Alabamab. Cities: Chicago, Miami, Spokane2. Names of animals and plantsa. Animals: chipmunk, moose, raccoon, skunkb. Plants: tobacco, squashB. _____________________________________________________________1. Navajo rugs2. Silver and turquoise jewelry3. ______________________________________________________________a. Potteryb. _____________________________________________________c. _____________________________________________________c. ______________________________________________________________1. Farming techniquesa. _________________________________________________b. ________________________________________________2. _____________________________________________________a. _________________________________________________b. ________________________________________________D. _1. Iroquois-large tribe with many branches ("nations")Needed to settle disputes among various branches2. Five nations formed League of Iroquoisa. _________________________________________________b. Acted together when dealing with outsiders3. After independence, 13 colonies adopted similar system.a. Each colony (future state) was autonomous in managing own affairs.b. ______________________________________________________III. Conclusion___________________________________________________________Sample 2:At the MoviesYou Are Where You Sit: Seating Choice Can Tell a Lot about a Person!1 When he goes to the movies, Ravel Centeno likes to sit on the aisle and stretch his feet out-a fact that by itself speaks volumes about his personality, according to a new study. The study, commissioned by the British movie theater company Odeon, examined how theater seating habits reflect personality. And as the summer movie season reaches its zenith, the research says you are where you sit. Psychologist Donna Dawson divided moviegoers into four different personality types based on their seating preferences and cited examples of movie characters who fit those types.2 Those who sit on the aisle, like Centeno, are "detached observers"-people who like to have their own space, who are observers and tend to be quieter. "That's funny, because I'm a writer," Centeno said Thursday as he waited to see AI. at the Cineplex Odeon at Universal CityWalk. "So that's what I do (observe people)." One celluloid example of a detached observer, said Dawson, is Jack Nicholson's Melvin Udall character in As Good as It Gets.3 Other personality types, according to Dawson:4 The "front row film fanatic": Extroverted, assertive, and competitive, these are people who like to see movies with others, not on their own. An example from the movies might be Mike Meyers's Austin Powers or Julia Roberts's Erin Brockovich.5 The"middle-of-the-roaders": These are the people who like to sit in the middle, fittingly. They are people who are flexible and try to get along with others, such as Gwyneth Paltrow's Emma. Gloria and Tom Candelaria of Redlands say that seems to fit them. "We like the middle because it's not too far back and not too close to the front," Gloria Candelaria said as she scanned the marquee at CityWalk. Tom Candelaria said the "middle-of-the-roader" label seems to fit them because "we're easygoing."6 The "invisible rebels": Those who sit far in the back are people who are rebellious and like excitement but don't necessary seek the limelight, the study said. A typical example is Clint Eastwood's Man with No Name and Sigourney Weaver's Lt. Ripley in the Alien films. "The back row is,where things happen; it's an exciting area of danger and lots of passionate smooching," Dawson said in the Odeon report. "It tends to attract people who are rebellious."7 For some people, though, sometimes a chair is just a chair. "I don't knowwherever there's an empty seat," said filmgoer Chris Marshall of Lake Hollywood, when asked where he likes to sit. "That works for me."Questions About the Organization1. What kind of introduction does this newspaper article have?a. It is a funnel introduction-it begins with a general statement and narrows down to the thesisstatement.b. It begins with an example and ends with the thesis statement.c. It explains the reasons for the study and ends with the thesis statement.2. What kind of conclusion does it have?a. It summarizes the four main personality types.b. It gives the writer's opinion on the study.c. It gives an example that contrasts with the main points.3. What words in the thesis statement indicate that the article uses logical division of ideas as apattern of organization?About the Support4. What two kinds of supporting details are used in this article?_________ and _________5. The psychologist who made the study used one kind of support, and the writer of the article reporting the results of the study used another kind. Which person used which kind?a. The psychologist used _b. The writer used _About the Content6. How do we know if the psychologist is correct? Does the article mention the methods she used in her study to match seating preference and personality type, or does it report only the results?Sample 3Culture ShockMoving to a new country can be an exciting, even exhilarating experience. In a new environment, you somehow feel more alive: seeing new sights, eating new food, hearing the foreign sounds of a new language, and feeling a different climate against your skin stimulate your senses as never before. Soon, however, this sensory bombardment becomes sensory overload. Suddenly, new experiences seem stressful rather than stimulating, and delight turns into discomfort. This is the phenomenon known as culture shock. Culture shock is more than jet lag or homesickness, and it affects nearly everyone who enters a new culture-tourists, business travelers, diplomats, and students alike. Although not everyone experiences culture shock in exactly the same way, many experts agree that it has roughly five stages.In the first stage, you are excited by your new environment. You experience some simple difficulties such as trying to use the telephone or public transportation, but you consider these small challenges that you can quickly overcome. Your feelings about the new culture are positive, so you are eager to make contact with people and to try new foods.Sooner or later, differences in behavior and customs become more noticeable to you. This is the second stage of culture shock. Because you do not know the social customs of the new culture, you may find it difficult to make friends. For instance, you do not understand how to make "small talk," so it is hard to carry on a casual, get-acquainted conversation. One day in the school cafeteria, you overhear a conversation. You understand all the words, but you do not understand the meaning. Why is everyone laughing? Are they laughing at you or at some joke that you did not understand? Also, you aren't always sure how to act while shopping. Is this store self-service, or should you wait for a clerk to assist you? If you buy a sweater in the wrong size, can you exchange it? These are not minor challenges; they are major frustrations.In the third stage, you no longer have positive feelings about the new culture. You feel that you have made a mistake in coming here. Making friends hasn't been easy, so you begin to feel lonely and isolated. Now you want to be with familiar people and eat familiar food. You begin to spend most of your free time with students from your home country, and you eat in restaurants that serve your native food. In fact, food becomes an obsession, and you spend a lot of time planning, shopping for, and cooking food from home.You know that you are in the fourth stage of culture shock when you have negative feelings about almost everything. In this stage, you actively reject the new culture. You become critical, suspicious, and irritable. You believe that people are unfriendly, that your landlord is trying to cheat you, that your teachers do not like you, and that the food is making you sick. In fact, you may actually develop stomachaches, headaches, sleeplessness, lethargy, or other physical symptoms.Finally, you reach the fifth stage. As your language skills improve, you begin to have some success in meeting people and in negotiating situations. You are able to exchange the sweater that was too small, and you can successfully chat about the weather with a stranger on the bus. Your self-confidence grows. After realizing that you cannot change your surroundings, you begin to accept the differences and tolerate them. For instance, the food will never be as tasty as the foodin your home country, but you are now able to eat and sometimes even enjoy many dishes. You may not like the way some people in your host country dress or behave in public, but you do not regard their clothes and behavior as wrong-just different.Concluding Paragraph ATo sum up, culture shock is a very real phenomenon that has been studied for more than 30 years by psychologists and anthropologist$. Its five phases are (1) positive feelings toward the new culture, (2) awareness of small differences, (3) growing discomfort and need for contact with home culture, (4) negative feelings, and (5) acceptance and adjustment. Symptoms may vary, and not all people experience all five phases. In the end, however, people who suffer culture shock are stronger from having overcome the difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land. Concluding Paragraph BIn conclusion, nearly everyone moving to a new country feels some degree of culture shock. Symptoms may vary, and not all people experience all five stages. Newcomers with a strong support group may feel at home immediately in the new culture, while others may take months to feel comfortable. Staying in touch with friends and family, keeping a positive attitude, and, above all, learning the language as soon as possible are ways to overcome the difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land.Exercise:1.Which concluding paragraph best suits the passage and why?2.Which concluding paragraph is a summary of the subtopics? Which one paraphrases the thesisstatement?3.Which concluding paragraph gives suggestions? Which one makes a prediction?Sample 4: Cause and EffectSample 5: Cause and EffectSample 6: ComparisonCLASSROOM LEARNING AND INTERNETBASED TEACHING Since the late 1990s internet-based teaching (also known as e-education) has emerged as a potential rival to traditional classroom learning. It normally involves having access to a secure site on the internet where a graded series of lessons are available, and which have assignments sent and returned by email. Although on-line courses are now offered by many institutions, it is by no means clear that they offer real advantages compared to classroom education. Little research has been done so far on their effectiveness, but this essay sets out to examine the arguments on both sides and attempts to draw conclusions from them.Two main advantages of internet use in education are put forward. Firstly, it is seen as more economical, in that once a course is prepared, it can be used by large numbers of students. The savings made by not having to employ so many teachers should be reflected in cheaper course fees. The second benefit is convenience; instead of having to attend classes at fixed times and places, students are free to study when they choose and progress at their own pace. Furthermore, by studying from home there is no need to travel to the college or university, saving both time and money. A student living in a small town in China, for example, can now study a course at an American college without the worry of travelling, accommodation or homesickness.Despite the considerations mentioned above, classroom learning shows no signs of being replaced by e-learning. It seems that face-to-face contact with a teacher is still widely regarded as the best way for students to make progress, despite the expense and inconvenience involved. Not only the personal contact with a teacher, but also the support and encouragement gained from being part of a class may be one reason for this. Membership of a group may also create a useful spirit of competition, which stimulates learning.Given the increasing pressure on university places in many countries, internet-based teaching is often seen as a convenient development. However, e-learning eliminates personal contact and travel from education, which are possibly the aspects many students value. Sitting at home working on a computer may be economical, but clearly cannot replace the social experience of attending courses. However, there are many people who are unable, either through work or family commitments, or due to lack of funds, to go to classes, and who would clearly find internet learning beneficial. On-line courses can also be used to support taught courses, for instance by providing access to extra materials. In many ways these kinds of courses are similar to‘universities of the air’, such as Britain’s Open University, which have developed distance learning so successfully in the last 40 years.Faced by growing demand for university places, more institutions are likely to developon-line courses, but the apparent benefits of e-learning may be less than are generally believed. Students seem to value the personal contact of the classroom highly, despite its cost and inconvenience. There may be a role for internet-based courses to supplement teacher-taught ones, and certainly for people with other commitments they will be the only practical option. There is an urgent need for research on the effectiveness of this type of learning, which should help maximise its advantages in the future.(Approximately 550 words)Now complete the outline of the model essay:Separating the Sexes, Just for the Tough YearsI. Introduction (explanation of the issue)Thesis statement: _______________________________________II. BodyA. Opposing argument 1Opponents of single-sex education claim that test scores show that there is no advantage to all-girl or all-boy classes.Rebuttal to argument 11. Research is inconclusive-show opposite results2. Other results that cannot be calculateda. Girls_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________b. Boys______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ B. Opposing argument2____________________________________________________________Rebuttal to argument 2_________________________________________________________a.Settling squabbles with siblingsb.Negotiating with opposite-sex parentC. Opposing argument 3_________________________________________________________Rebuttal to argument 3___________________________________________________________a._______________________________________________________b.Teachers call on boys more oftenIII.Conclusion1. Same-sex classes provide a better learning environmentReasonsa. Boys and girls ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________b. Girl_____________________________________________________________________c. Boys ____________________________________________________________________2. ______________________________________________________________________3. _________________________________________________________________________Sample 9A major change that has occurred in the Western family is an increased incidence in divorce. Whereas in the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become quite commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures. For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one marriage in ten ended in divorce; nowadays the figure is more than one in three (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change has been a substantial increase in the number of single parent families and the attendant problems that this brings (Kilmartin, 1997).An important issue for sociologists, and indeed for all of society, is why these changes in marital patterns have occurred. In this essay I will seek to critically examine a number of sociological explanations for the 'divorce phenomenon' and also consider the social policy implications that each explanation carries with it. It will be argued that the best explanations are to be found within a broad socio-economic framework.One type of explanation for rising divorce has focused on changes in laws relating to marriage. For example, Bilton, Bonnett and Jones (1987) argue that increased rates of divorce do not necessarily indicate that families are now more unstable. It is possible, they claim, that there has always been a degree of marital instability. They suggest that changes in the law have been significant, because they have provided unhappily married couples with 'access to a legal solution to pre-existent marital problems' (p.301). Bilton et al. therefore believe that changes in divorce rates can be best explained in terms of changes in the legal system. The problem with this type of explanation however, is that it does not consider why these laws have changed in the first place. It could be argued that reforms to family law, as well as the increased rate of divorce that has accompanied them, are the product of more fundamental changes in society.Another type of explanation is one that focuses precisely on these broad societal changes. For example, Nicky Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995) argues that increases in divorce and marital breakdown are the result of economic changes that have affected the family. One example of these changes is the raised material aspirations of families, which Hart suggests has put pressure on both spouses to become wage earners. Women as a result have been forced to become both homemakers and economic providers. According to Hart, the contradiction of these two roles has lead to conflict and this is the main cause of marital breakdown. It would appear that Hart's explanation cannot account for all cases of divorce - for example, marital breakdown is liable to occur in families where only the husband is working. Nevertheless, her approach, which is to relate changes in family relations to broader social forces, would seem to be more probing than one that looks only at legislative change.The two explanations described above have very different implications for social policy, especially in relation to how the problem of increasing marital instability might be dealt with. Bilton et al. (1995) offer a legal explanation and hence would see the solutions also being determined in this domain. If rises in divorce are thought to be the consequence of liberal divorce laws, the obvious way to stem this rise is to make them less obtainable. This approach, one imagines, would lead to a reduction in divorce statistics; however, it cannot really be held up as a genuine solution to the problems of marital stress and breakdown in society. Indeed it would seem to be a solution directed more at symptoms than addressing fundamental causes. Furthermore, theexperience of social workers, working in the area of family welfare suggests that restricting a couple's access to divorce would in some cases serve only to exacerbate existing marital problems (Johnson, 1981). In those cases where violence is involved, the consequences could be tragic. Apart from all this, returning to more restrictive divorce laws seems to be a solution little favoured by Australians. (Harrison, 1990).Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995), writing from a Marxist-feminist position, traces marital conflict to changes in the capitalist economic system and their resultant effect on the roles of men and women. It is difficult to know however, how such an analysis might be translated into practical social policies. This is because the Hart program would appear to require in the first place a radical restructuring of the economic system. Whilst this may be desirable for some, it is not achievable in the present political climate. Hart is right however, to suggest that much marital conflict can be linked in some way to the economic circumstances of families. This is borne out in many statistical surveys which show consistently that rates of divorce are higher among socially disadvantaged families (McDonald, 1993). This situation suggests then that social policies need to be geared to providing support and security for these types of families. It is little cause for optimism however, that in recent years governments of all persuasions have shown an increasing reluctance to fund social welfare programs of this kind.It is difficult to offer a comprehensive explanation for the growing trend of marital breakdown; and it is even more difficult to find solutions that might ameliorate the problems created by it. Clearly though, as I have argued in this essay, the most useful answers are to be found not within a narrow legal framework, but within a broader socio-economic one.Finally, it is worth pointing out that, whilst we may appear to be living in a time of increased family instability, research suggests that historically, instability may have been the norm rather than the exception. As Bell and Zajdow (1997) point out, in the past, single parent and step families were more common than is assumed - although the disruptive influence then was not divorce, but the premature death of one or both parents. This situation suggests that in studying the modern family, one needs to employ a historical perspective, including the possibility of looking to the past in searching for ways of dealing with problems in the present.Sample 10Discuss why assignment essays are common assessment tasks in undergraduate tertiary coursework, and evaluate the effectiveness of assignments as an avenue for learning. (Word limit 500 words - 10% leeway) Please note that the APA referencing style is used in this sample essay.Assignment essays are developed from set questions that give students a period of time to research a topic and produce their answer with references to their sources of information. While there are some disadvantages with using assignment essays as an assessment tool, there are sound educational purposes underpinning this practice. This essay examines the reasons why assignment essays are beneficial for student learning and considers some of the problems with this method of assessment.Assignment essay tasks are set to assist students to develop mastery of their study subject. Firstly, assignment tasks enhance understandings about subject matter. Yang and Baker (2005) reason that "to master your learning materials and extend your understandings, you need to write about the meanings you gain from your research" (p. 1). Secondly, research (Jinx, 2004; Zapper, 2006) clearly demonstrates that students learn the writing conventions of a subject area while they are researching, reading and writing in their discipline. This activity helps them to "crack the code" of the discipline (Bloggs, 2003, p. 44). Thus, students are learning subject matter and how to write in that disciplinary area by researching and writing assignment essays. Using assignment essays for assessment supports student learning better than the traditional examination system. It is considered that course-work assignment essays can lessen the extreme stress experienced by some students over 'sudden-death' end of semester examinations:If we insist that all students write about everything theyhave learned in their study courses at the same time and inthe same place (e.g. in examinations), we are not giving allof our students equal opportunities. Some students are notdaunted by the exam experience while others suffer 'examnerves' and perform at the lowest level of their capabilities.(Wonderland University, 2006, p. 4)Additionally, Jones et al. (2004, pp. 36-37) propose that assignment essays can be used to assess student learning mid-course and so provide them with helpful feedback before they are subjected to the exam experience. Exams only provide students with a mark rather than specific feedback on their progress. Therefore, setting assignment essays for a substantial part of student assessment is a much fairer approach than one-off examination testing.As an assessment tool, assignment essays have some disadvantages for lecturers and students. It has been found that assignment essays consume a great deal of staff time and money to mark and student time to prepare (Sankey & Liger, 2005, p. 192). A consequence of this is that feedback to students is frequently delayed, and this is much less useful to students than rapid feedback (p. 294). It is partly because of these disadvantages of time and expense that other assessments such as multiple-choice tests and short answer questions have an enduring place in the tertiary learning environment.To conclude, it seems that assignment essays continue to have a prominent role in tertiary education as an assessment tool. This is mainly because they are very effective in developing knowledge and writing skills for subject areas. Also, assignment essays can be less stressful than。

学术英语写作作文英文回答：In this era of breakneck technological advancements and skyrocketing information proliferation, the imperative for effective academic English writing has become paramount. While many stumble upon the hurdle of expressing complex ideas in clear and concise prose, mastering this skill can be an empowering gateway to unlocking a world of opportunities.Allow me to elucidate the significance of academic English writing. Firstly, it is the language of scholarly discourse, the medium through which groundbreaking research and novel theories are disseminated. By honing your writing abilities, you become an active participant in the global intellectual dialogue, contributing to the advancement of knowledge and human understanding.Furthermore, academic English writing is a prized assetin any professional setting. Whether you aspire to excel in academia, industry, or the corporate world, the ability to communicate your ideas effectively in writing is indispensable. A well-crafted academic paper showcases your critical thinking, analytical abilities, and capacity for research. It serves as a potent tool for persuasion, negotiation, and problem-solving.Moreover, academic English writing also fosters personal growth and intellectual development. By grappling with abstract concepts and presenting them in a logical and structured manner, you cultivate your cognitive skills, enhance your vocabulary, and sharpen your precision of thought. The process of writing itself becomes an exercise in self-reflection and critical introspection.中文回答：在这个技术飞速发展、信息爆炸的时代，有效学术英语写作的必要性已变得至关重要。

apa格式英文论文范文英语论文的写作，主要用于参加国际学术研讨会，促进中外学术文化交流;下面小编给大家分享一些apa格式英文论文范文，大家快来跟小编一起欣赏吧。

apa格式英文论文范文篇一The Analysis of Angel Clare’s Tragedy in Tess of The D’urbervilles中文摘要：文学作品是现实生活的一面镜子，反映了生活的方方面面。

越来越多的学者开始从文学的角度研究一个国家的经济，政治和文化根源。

悲剧是小说创作的手法之一。

西方早在古希腊时期就有了悲剧创作。

悲剧不是简单的艺术形式或艺术技巧，而是对现实社会的特征的再现，它可以通过尖锐、激烈的事件展示令人怜悯、悲痛、同情、哭泣等的情节。

英国著名作家托马斯•哈代是维多利亚时期著名的小说家之一。

他塑造了许多悲剧人物，展现出各种人物魅力。

小说除了给人以命运悲剧庄严凝重以外，还蕴涵了作者深厚的理性主义，蕴涵了对人类历史逻辑矛盾深邃反思的社会悲剧。

哈代的悲剧小说《德伯家的苔丝》真实地反映了其当时的社会现实。

小说成功地塑造了女主人苔丝的形象，无情地揭露了资产阶级社会虚伪的伦理道德。

本文试从男主人公安琪儿•克莱尔的社会背景和人物心理两个方面，探讨导致其悲剧的成因。

关键词：托马斯•哈代悲剧安琪尔•克莱尔Abstract: Literature is a mirror of real life which can reflect all aspects of people’s lives. More and more scholars ha ve begun to study a country from the roots of economy, politics and culture. As early as ancient Greece, there were some creations of tragedy. Tragedy is a kind of literary creation, which is not a simple artistic form or technique but the repeat of real society. It can depict the piteous, sad, distressing and sentimental plots by describing some tortuous or complicated events. The British famous writerThomas Hardy was one of the excellent novelists of the Victorian age. He delineated a lot of characters of tragedies, showing various persons’ enchantment. Besides providing the dignity of life tragedy to the readers, the novels contains the profound rationalism of the writer and Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’urbervilles reflected his real society. Hardy succe eded in portraying the image of heroine Tess and revealing the hypocritical ethics and morals of bourgeois society. This paper will discuss the causes of Clare’s tragedy from the hero –Angel Clare’s social background and psychology.Key words: Thomas Hardy, tragedy, Angel ClareChapter1 IntroductionLiterature is not only an art but also a mirror of real life. When studying a literary work, scholars actually study history. Nowadays an increasing number of scholars have begun to study the history of a count ry’s economic, political and cultural forms from the perspective of literature because through different kinds of literary works, we can see all sorts of feelings such as joy, anger, sorrow and various truths. The manifestation of literature is manifold, one of which is tragedy. The writers often want to show the piteous, sad, distressing and sentimental plots by describing some tortuous or complicated events. In the tragedy, it is inevitable that the heroes or heroines should suffer a setback or disadvantage, cover themselves in dishonor, experience tribulation or even fail or die though they have reasonable motivation, wishes, ideal, or passion which may indicate a victory or success. But finally they will either die or get mad. With a bad ending, tragedy often contains a certain philosophy of life . There are lots of tragedies in western literature such asOedipus, Prometheus Bound, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, Faust, etc. And the famous tragedians are also legion like Aeschylus, Sophocles, Shakespeare, etc –Thomas Hardy for one. He was a prolific and excellent writer, publishing fourteen novels and four volumes of short stories. His works were noted for the intense tragic spirit and sense of fortune, from which we can feel the atmosphere of tragedy brought by fortune deeply.“Tess of the D’urbervilles” is one of the Hardy’s tragedies, a masterpiece which brought him into a number of literary critics notice. It reflected the writer’s real society and its social system and morals; therefore studying this novel can help us to know about the history of his age. But many papers showed that most of critics used to research the writing background from the tragedy of Tess. Many scholars have always put emphasis on the tragedy of Tess for a long time. Only a few scholars made researches for the tragedy of its hero Angel Clare. He was a contradictory unity –he was bold in struggling with the traditional view but in the meantime he could not break the shackles of feudal ideas. This paper will see the society from this perspective –Angel Clare, the hero’s tragedy and discuss the causes of Clare’s tragedy from his social background and psychology.Chapter2 A brief account of Tess of The D’urbervillesIt seems that the fictional works do not concern with the real world. But we know that before the writers begin to create their works, it can be said that their social experience may be their primary material for creation. Some writers created the roles and environments in order to revolt against the worldly prejudice of their ages. These kinds of words are expected to tell people the truth of a society. In many cases, the social background of thenovel is the writer’s background. Before analyzing the roots of Clare’s tragedy, this paper will discuss two aspects of this no vel, namely “the writing background” and “the writer and his works” from which we can see the background of this novel.2.1 The writing backgroundThomas Hardy was the last important novelist of the Victoria ages. The Victorian age was an age of realism rather than of romanticism –a realism which strives to tell the whole truth showing moral and physical diseases as they are. Victorian literature, in general, truthfully represented the reality and spirit of this age which was the great age of the English novel—realistic, thickly plotted, crowded with characters, and long. Hardy, who also shown the truth of this age had a high place in Western literature which came from the agitation of life and fatalism of human being. His tragedies in the history of Western literature were no an accident for the tragedy consciousness. Hardy’s tragic novels has sprung from and developed this tragic idea in form and connotation. The tragedy consciousness in Hardy’s novels originated from Western traditional tragic spirit which was full of rationalism and profound reflection on the contradictions of human society. And it also revealed an ineluctable and inevitable conditionality of fate. That is to say, the heroes or heroines would slip into the tragic path of life in the end in Western literature no matter whether they liked or not, or where they hided. Tragedy was their final arrangement.Thomas Hardy studied Greek tragedies and Shakespearean tragedies all his life. And he was deeply influenced by Schopenhauer’s tragedy cons ciousness. Schopenhauer was a famous philosopher who believed that life was a tragedy –life wasfilled with desire. If a person had a desire but could not gain his desires, he would feel painful; however, when he could gain his desires, he would become insipid. This was another torment. Schopenhauer grouped tragedy into three types: the tragedy caused by those who committed heinous crimes, the tragedy led by the irony of fate and the tragedy caused by misunderstanding and distrust between persons in everyday life. In his opinion, the last tragedy was the most terrible one which we can see in Hardy’s works. Hardy began to creating the novels in the early 1870s. In the late 1890s, he turned to write poetry. The Britain in this period was undergoing a transition period from laisser-faire capitalism to imperialism. The capitalism thought that the social system of this periodcould not be changed. But Hardy’s works exactly clashed with it, which reflected the tremendous changes of society due to the invasion of industrial capital to the village. With one remark he had ripped away the mask of British society.2.2 The writer Thomas Hardy and his workLiterature is reflection of life. Almost all writers created their novels according to his social background. We can see many literary works written on the basis of their ages. They wanted to bring out the social facts by their works. It should be such a free way that they could rebuke the dark society. People can feel the society of the writers from their works and then identified with the writers. The writers hoped that they could let the people know the dark aspects of the government and then fine an echo from them by their works. To some extent, a novel should be a history. From the introduction of Thomas Hardy and the main content of Tess of The D’urbervilles must be helpful to show us the background of Clare’s tragedy.2.1.1 About the writer –Thomas HardyThomas Hardy (1840～1928), born in 1840 near Dorchester, was a famous British poet and novelist. He carried forward and developed the literary traditions of the Victorian age. He vividly and truthfully described the tragic plots in his works. The critics of literature called him “Shakespeare of British novels”. Hardy was born into an architect’s family and was expected to become an architect. He trained as an architect and worked in London and Dorset for ten years. Hardy began his writing career as a novelist, publishing Desperate Remedies in 1871, and was soon successful enough to leave the field of architecture for writing.Hardy was pessimistic in his view of life. The dominant theme of his novels is the futility of man’s effort to struggle against cruel and unintelligible fate, chance, and circumstances, which are all predestined by the Immanent Will. He bravely challenged many of the sexual and religious conventions of the Victorian age. And he exposed the hypocritical morals, laws and religions of capital. Hardy’s works reflected the tremendous changes and people’s miserable lives especially the women’s lives in soc ial economic, politics, morals, custom, etc after the invasion of industrial capital to the British villages. Moreover, where we see Hardy's real mastery is the difference in the language of people from the social classes (e.g. the Clare’s in contrast with the farm workers’). He was good at viewing life with a tragic light. “Tess of The D’urbervilles” was his masterpiece which was noted by lots of critics of different periods.2.1.2 The main content of Tess of The D’urbervillesTess of The D’urbervilles cam e into conflict with Victorian morality. In this novel, Hardy reaches the height of his achievement as a novelist. Like most other Hardy novels, rural lifeis a prominent issue in the story. And the issue of fate versus freedom of action is another important aspect of this novel. It tells of that a village girl called Tess who was a beautiful, pure, plain, honest, assiduous and clever went through a miserable life. She was born in a poor family and lived in a peculiar society. The son of the D’urbervilles A lec raped her and she was pregnant. She fell in love with Angel Clare before long. Clare loved her very much and longed to marry her but she delayed to answer this offer of marriage just because she did not know how to tell the truth of being raped. Despite this, at last this kindhearted and sincere girl decided to tell him this bad thing. However, when Tess told him the truth that she was raped by a knave Alec, he could not forgive her for having another man’s child even tho ugh she forgave him everything. Angel Clare became very angry and abandons Tess. One day she found Alec became a minister. After her father’s death unexpectedly, Tess had the burden of the family welfare on her shoulders, and they were shortly thereafter evicted from their cottage. She believes deep down that Angel had abandoned her, and Alec said it as well, and Tess knew her family would do well by Alec’s wealth and property. But to her surprised, Angel returns from Brazil, repenting his harshness, but found her living with Alec. Tess kills Alec in desperation, she was arrested and hanged. She makes him promise to marry her sister, Liza Lu, after her death, which he agrees to do.In Tess of the d'Urbervilles, Thomas Hardy has directly satirized nature. This novel revealed the tragedy of common people’s destiny and flayed hypocritical gentlemen and morals. In this novel, Hardy demonstrated his deep sense of moral sympathy for England's lower classes, particularly for women. Hesucceeded in portraying an artistic image –a village girl with kindness, tenderness and amorousness. The novel, which indicated the tendency of anti-religious sentiments, against feudal morality and the laws of capitalists, was warmly received by the reading public though British upper class was bitter against it.Ch apter3 The origins of Angel Clare’s tragedyTragedy can also be a vision of life, which is shared by most Western cultures and having its roots. The essence of tragedy is almost the same thought different writers create the stories from different points of view and with different techniques. A number of critics had many kinds of interpretations for Angel Clare’s tragedy in Tess of The D’urbervilles. They analyzed his complicated character from different perspectives. This paper will explain his tragedy as the following aspects:3.1 Social rootsHere social roots refer mainly to the social conventions and moral standards which led to Clare’s tragedy. Clare lived in such conditions which the masculine authority played an important role in traditional society. Angel Clare was one of the victims of this society. At that age, women were regarded as being subordinate in the household. The chastity for them is the most important thing. The traditional view on chastity considered a woman’s chastity as the prerogative of her husband. If the women lost her virtue, she must be immoral. On the one hand the male made the moral standards for the female, demanding of the female to be pure and virginal; on the other hand, the male indulged himself in sexual matters. They demanded that the most magnanimous act the female had should be chastity; nevertheless, those who broke the women’s chastity were themales themselves. That is to say, only the males in that society were right. The female could say nothing for his wrong. So Tess asking Clare “Forgive me as you are forgiven! I forgive you. Angel” (Hardy, 1993) would become the impossibility.Under such circumstances, after Tess lost her virginity, she should be Alec’s concubine or make their relationship legalized according to the social bad habits of the time. But T ess, who pursued her innocent love, had rather be “a lady of easy virtue”. In the literature, there was a set form for the images of women, namely, women should be beautiful and virtuous, gentle and biddable, and should cleave to his husband and families. All these sets are related to the real society. Traditionally, a woman must obey her husband like his wretched slave. The description about this age given by Hardy was just the society whose “social morals” had manifested mainly in “chastity” that centered on men. Even if a man of that age was bold in challenging the old system, it was impossible for him to abandon the social morals. In addition, a large part of people around him were still controlled by feudal ideas, so the social roots should be the direct cause of Clare’s tragedy.3.2 Psychological rootsA person’s way of seeing things plays an important role all his life. Hardy naming his hero “Angel” might have his own intent. We know that Angel should be pure; however, from the development of the plot, we can not see “pure” from Angel Clare. Angel Clare was born in a rich pastoral family, but he was unwilling to obey his father and brothers. He did not abide by the old custom and etiquette, and gave a damn for the superior of material things such as wealth and position. He was born andbred the religion. But he thought that he could not honestly be ordained a minister as his brothers were. He took up a disdainful position on the social customs and found the value of working people. He abandoned the chance of studying in university and went to the countryside and to study the agricultural skills. This is sufficient to show that he was bold in struggling with the traditional view and tried to show off the shackles of the class. At the newly-married night, Tess decided to tell him her “guilt” in detail. Angel fell out with Tess and then went to Brazil alone though he had lived a loose life with a woman who was not acquainted with him. He could not forgive Tess her “guilt”. The so-called “pure” in his mind was so ingrained that he could not accept Tess’s past. He considers her as a "fallen women".Clare was also such a man with a ridiculous point that a man could have affair with many girls but a girl must keep to be a virgin before she become a bride. It showed his cowardice in his character. Tess trusted him and made a decision to confide her secret to him. But on the night of their wedding, when Clare learned that Tess was not a virgin and had had a bastard, the original perfect image was suddenly broken by the sad facts. Apparently he said he was deeply attached to Tess, but actually he could not face the truth with courage. He just loved Tess’s pleasing appearance rather than any other things of her. Angel Clare was more or less an open-minded bourgeois intellectual. In love, although he was not as despicable as Alec, he was devoid of selfless and sincere feeling as Tess did. Clare loved Tess just because of her beauty. And she could become his right hand in the futur e.He told Tess: “I repeat, the woman I have been loving is not you. Another woman in your shape.”(Hardy, 1993) Hecould not believe this bad truthe and said “Tess! Say it is not true! No, it is not true!” It is clear that he took a deadly knock psychologi cally. Clare’s character determined his tragedy –he could not accept her past.It is clear that the seeds of tragedy are sown when all the rigid rule of his forebear and the unfair social systems firmly laid hold of Angel Clare, who had preached the liberation of mankind no longer exists. When Clare finally realized the immensity of Tess’s love and the piteous plight it had brought upon her, everything was too late. He could not completely get rid of social conventions and moral standards. Tess would go away forever. It was Clare’s tragedy –the social system and morality and his character decided that it could be inevitable.Chapter4 ConclusionLiterature has come very close to daily life, reflecting its practical problems and interests and is used as a powerful instrument of human progress. Literature originates from life and then reforms life. They can make you subconsciously and deeply believe that all the things they described really happened. After you finish reading, the characters that it depicted will appear vividly in front of you. They are true to life—— you can see their faces and feel their sound, pace and thoughts. With the excellent literary works, we can feel the history vividly. As an important part of literature, tragedy has showed its artistic attraction. The reason why a great number of readers tend to be affected by the plots of tragedies is that some of them had the same or similar experience with the characters in the novels.The western tragedies put emphasis on the soul-stirring spirit from the fear. The strong tragedies can touch the heart ofthe readers. The modern western tragedies represented the life style of modern westerners. They have some characteristics of modern lives and consciousness. Studying on the masterpieces of an age can help a lot for studying its history. Thomas Hardy was born in Victorian age. The novel in this age became the most widely read, the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, the writers of this age shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. In Hardy’s works, man is also shown inevitably bound by his own inherent nature and hereditary characteristics which prompt him to go and search for some specific happiness or success and set him in conflict with the environment. He vividly portrayed different characters of tragedy. Tess of the D’urbervilles was one of his masterpieces. The conflicts between the traditional and the modern, between the old rural value of respectability and honesty can be clearly seen in this novel and it is not difficult to see the roots of this tragedy either from Tess or C lare. This paper analyzed Clare’s tragedy and described the roots of tragedy in this process. A wonderful description is just a part of a novel, but only those things which can strike deep into the minds of the people will be remembered by them. From the tragedy of Angel Clare, we can see the dark of a society again.Bibliography:[1] Abcarian, Richard. Marvin Klotz: Literature—The Human Experience[M]. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000[2] Force, Lorrain.M. Cliffs Notes on Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles[M]. Washington University, 1996.[3] Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the D'Urbervilles[M]. ForeignLanguage Press ,1993.[4] Robert Ackerman. Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D'Urbervilles[M]. Beijing: Simon&Schuster Press and Beijing Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1996[5] 马新国主编，2002，西方文论史[M]，北京：高等教育出版社[6] 颜学军，论哈代悲剧小说的现代主题[J]，四川外语学院学报，2001(3)[7] 张谷若译本，1990，德伯家的苔丝[M]，北京：人民文学出版社[8] 朱立元，1997，当代西方文艺理论[M]，上海：华东师大出版社apa格式英文论文范文篇二On Thomas Hardy’s Religious Sense in His Works小议托马斯•哈代作品中体现的宗教观念Abstract: Religion has a profound influence on the works of European and American writers. .From a series works of Thomas Hardy, clearly we can see the influence of The Bible on him .Nevertheless, though Hardy failed to eliminate the limitation of Tragic predestination and religious tradition , By the case study analyzing on the works of Thomas Hardy ,this paper makes an research on the distinguished religious sense of Thomas Hardy as well as its cause of formation.内容摘要：宗教对欧美作家的文学作品有着深远的影响。

Sample 1Native American Influences on Modern U.S. CultureWhen the first Europeans came to the North American continent, they encountered the completely new cultures of the Native American. Peoples of North America, Native Americans, who had highly developed cultures in many respects, must have been as curious about them. As always happens when two or more cultures come into contact, there was a cultural exchange. Native Americans adopted some of the Europeans’ ways, and the Europeans adopted some of their ways. As a result, Native Americans have made many valuable contributions to modern U.S. culture, particularly in the areas of language, art, food, and government.First of all, Native Americans left a permanent mark on the English language. The early English-speaking settlers borrowed from several different Native American languages words for places in this new land. All across the country are cities, towns, rivers, and states with Native American names. For example, the states of Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, and Alabama are named after Native American tribes, as are the cities of Chicago, Miami, and Spokane. In addition to place names, English adopted from various Native American languages the words for animals and plants found in the Americas, Chipmunk, moose, raccoon, skunk, tobacco, and squash are just a few examples.Although the vocabulary of English is the area that shows the most Native American influence, it is not the only area of U.S. culture that has been shaped by contact with Native Americans. Art is another area of important Native American contributions. Wool rugs woven by women of theNavajo Tribe in Arizona and New Mexico are highly valued works of art in the United States. Native American jewelry made from silver andturquoise is also very popular and very expensive. Especially in the western and southwestern regions of the United States, native craftssuch as pottery, leather products, and beadwork can be found in many homes. Indeed, native art and handicrafts are a treasured part of U.S. culture.In addition to language and art, agriculture is another area in which Native Americans had a great and lasting influence on the peoples who arrived here from Europe, Africa, and Asia. Being skilled farmers, the Native Americans of North America taught the new comers many things about farming techniques and crops. Every U.S. schoolchild has heard the story of how Native Americans taught the first settlers to place a dead fish in a planting hole to provide fertilizer for the growing plant. Furthermore, they taught the settlers irrigation methods and crop rotation. Many of the foods people in the United States eat today were introduced to the Europeans by Native Americans. For example, corn and chocolate were unknown in Europe. Now they are staples in the U.S. diet.Finally, it may surprise some people to learn that citizens of the United States are also indebted to the native people for our form of government. The Iroquois, who were an extremely large tribe with many branches called “nations”, had developed a highly sophisticated system of government to settle disputes that arose between the various branches. Five of the nations had joined together in a confederation called “The League of the Iroquois.” Under the league, each nation was autonomousin running its own internal affairs, but the nations acted as a unit when dealing with outsiders. The league kept the Iroquois from fightingamong themselves and was also valuable in diplomatic relations withother tribes. When the 13 colonies were considering what kind of government to establish after they had won their independence from Britain, someone suggested that they use a system similar to that of the League of the Iroquois. Under this system, each colony or future state would be autonomous in managing its own affairs but would join forces with the other states to deal with matters that concerned them all. This is exactly what happened. As a result, the present from of government of the United States can be traced directly back to a Native American model.In conclusion, we can easily see from these few examples the extent of Native American influence on our language, our art forms, out eating habits, and our government. The people of the United States are deeply indebted to Native Americans for their contributions to U.S. Culture.Exercise: Complete the outline by filling in the missing parts.Native American Influences on Modern U.S. CultureI. IntroductionThesis statement:___________________________________________________________II. BodyA. Native Americans left a permanent mark on the English language.1. Names of places-cities, towns, rivers, and statesa. States: Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Alabamab. Cities: Chicago, Miami, Spokane2. Names of animals and plantsa. Animals: chipmunk, moose, raccoon, skunkb. Plants: tobacco, squashB. _____________________________________________________________1. Navajo rugs2. Silver and turquoise jewelry3. ______________________________________________________________a. Potteryb. _____________________________________________________c. _____________________________________________________C. ______________________________________________________________1. Farming techniquesa. _________________________________________________b. ________________________________________________2. _____________________________________________________a. _________________________________________________b. ________________________________________________D. ______________________________________________________________1. Iroquois-large tribe with many branches ("nations")Needed to settle disputes among various branches2. Five nations formed League of Iroquoisa. _________________________________________________b. Acted together when dealing with outsiders3. After independence, 13 colonies adopted similar system.a. Each colony (future state) was autonomous in managing own affairs.b. ______________________________________________________III. Conclusion___________________________________________________________ Sample 2:Culture ShockMoving to a new country can be an exciting, even exhilarating experience. In a new environment, you somehow feel more alive: seeingnew sights, eating new food, hearing the foreign sounds of a new language, and feeling a different climate against your skin stimulate your senses as never before. Soon, however, this sensory bombardment becomes sensory overload. Suddenly, new experiences seem stressfulrather than stimulating, and delight turns into discomfort. This is the phenomenon known as culture shock. Culture shock is more than jet lag or homesickness, and it affects nearly everyone who enters a new culture-tourists, business travelers, diplomats, and students alike. Although not everyone experiences culture shock in exactly the same way, many experts agree that it has roughly five stages.In the first stage, you are excited by your new environment. You experience some simple difficulties such as trying to use the telephone or public transportation, but you consider these small challenges that you can quickly overcome. Your feelings about the new culture are positive, so you are eager to make contact with people and to try new foods.Sooner or later, differences in behavior and customs become more noticeable to you. This is the second stage of culture shock. Because you do not know the social customs of the new culture, you may find it difficult to make friends. For instance, you do not understand how to make "small talk," so it is hard to carry on a casual, get-acquainted conversation. One day in the school cafeteria, you overhear a conversation. You understand all the words, but you do not understand the meaning. Why is everyone laughing? Are they laughing at you or at some joke that you did not understand? Also, you aren't always sure how to act while shopping. Is this store self-service, or should you waitfor a clerk to assist you? If you buy a sweater in the wrong size, canyou exchange it? These are not minor challenges; they are major frustrations.In the third stage, you no longer have positive feelings about the new culture. You feel that you have made a mistake in coming here. Making friends hasn't been easy, so you begin to feel lonely and isolated. Now you want to be with familiar people and eat familiar food. You begin to spend most of your free time with students from your home country, and you eat in restaurants that serve your native food. In fact, food becomes an obsession, and you spend a lot of time planning, shopping for, and cooking food from home.You know that you are in the fourth stage of culture shock when you have negative feelings about almost everything. In this stage, you actively reject the new culture. You become critical, suspicious, and irritable. You believe that people are unfriendly, that your landlord is trying to cheat you, that your teachers do not like you, and that the food is making you sick. In fact, you may actually develop stomachaches, headaches, sleeplessness, lethargy, or other physical symptoms.Finally, you reach the fifth stage. As your language skills improve, you begin to have some success in meeting people and in negotiating situations. You are able to exchange the sweater that was too small, and you can successfully chat about the weather with a stranger on the bus. Your self-confidence grows. After realizing that you cannot change your surroundings, you begin to accept the differences and tolerate them. For instance, the food will never be as tasty as the food in your home country, but you are now able to eat and sometimes even enjoy many dishes. You may not like the way some people in your host country dressor behave in public, but you do not regard their clothes and behavior as wrong-just different.Concluding Paragraph ATo sum up, culture shock is a very real phenomenon that has been studied for more than 30 years by psychologists and anthropologists. Its five phases are (1) positive feelings toward the new culture, (2) awareness of small differences, (3) growing discomfort and need for contact with home culture, (4) negative feelings, and (5) acceptance and adjustment. Symptoms may vary, and not all people experience all five phases. In the end, however, people who suffer culture shock are stronger from having overcome the difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land.Concluding Paragraph BIn conclusion, nearly everyone moving to a new country feels some degree of culture shock. Symptoms may vary, and not all people experience all five stages. Newcomers with a strong support group may feel at home immediately in the new culture, while others may take months to feel comfortable. Staying in touch with friends and family, keeping a positive attitude, and, above all, learning the language as soon as possible are ways to overcome the difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land.Exercise:1. Which concluding paragraph best suits the passage and why?2. Which concluding paragraph is a summary of the subtopics? Which one paraphrases the thesis statement?3. Which concluding paragraph gives suggestions? Which one makes a prediction?Sample 3At the MoviesYou Are Where You Sit: Seating Choice Can Tell a Lot about a Person!1 When he goes to the movies, Ravel Centeno likes to sit on the aisle and stretch his feet out-a fact that by itself speaks volumesabout his personality, according to a new study. The study, commissioned by the British movie theater company Odeon, examined how theater seating habits reflect personality. And as the summer movie season reaches its zenith, the research says you are where you sit. Psychologist Donna Dawson divided moviegoers into four different personality types based on their seating preferences and cited examples of movie characters who fit those types.2 Those who sit on the aisle, like Centeno, are "detached observers"-people who like to have their own space, who are observersand tend to be quieter. "That's funny, because I'm a writer," Centeno said Thursday as he waited to see AI. at the Cineplex Odeon at Universal CityWalk. "So that's what I do (observe people)." One celluloid example of a detached observer, said Dawson, is Jack Nicholson's Melvin Udall character in As Good as It Gets.3 Other personality types, according to Dawson:4 The "front row film fanatic": Extroverted, assertive, and competitive, these are people who like to see movies with others, not on their own. An example from the movies might be Mike Meyers's Austin Powers or Julia Roberts's Erin Brockovich.5 The “middle-of-the-roaders": These are the people who like to sit in the middle, fittingly. They are people who are flexible andtry to get along with others, such as Gwyneth Paltrow's Emma. Gloria and Tom Candelaria of Redlands say that seems to fit them. "We like the middle because it's not too far back and not too close to the front," Gloria Candelaria said as she scanned the marquee at CityWalk. Tom Candelaria said the "middle-of-the-roader" label seems to fit them because "we're easygoing."6 The "invisible rebels": Those who sit far in the back are people who are rebellious and like excitement but don't necessary seek the limelight, the study said. A typical example is Clint Eastwood's Man with No Name and Sigourney Weaver's Lt. Ripley in the Alien films. "The back row is, where things happen; it's an exciting area of danger and lots of passionate smooching," Dawson said in the Odeon report. "It tends to attract people who are rebellious."7 For some people, though, sometimes a chair is just a chair. "I don't know wherever there's an empty seat," said filmgoer Chris Marshall of Lake Hollywood, when asked where he likes to sit. "That works for me."Questions About the Organization1. What kind of introduction does this newspaper article have?a. It is a funnel introduction-it begins with a general statement and narrows down to the thesis statement.b. It begins with an example and ends with the thesis statement.c. It explains the reasons for the study and ends with the thesis statement.2. What kind of conclusion does it have?a. It summarizes the four main personality types.b. It gives the writer's opinion on the study.c. It gives an example that contrasts with the main points.3. What words in the thesis statement indicate that the article uses logical division of ideas as a pattern of organization?About the Support4. What two kinds of supporting details are used in this article?_________ and _________5. The psychologist who made the study used one kind of support, and the writer of the article reporting the results of the study used another kind. Which person used which kind?a. The psychologist used _b. The writer used _About the Content6. How do we know if the psychologist is correct? Does the article mention the methods she used in her study to match seating preference and personality type, or does it report only the results?Sample 4: Cause and EffectSample 5: Cause and EffectSample 6: ComparisonSample 7: ComparisonCLASSROOM LEARNING AND INTERNETBASED TEACHINGSince the late 1990s internet-based teaching (also known as e-education) has emerged as a potential rival to traditional classroom learning. It normally involves having access to a secure site on the internet where a graded series of lessons are available, and which have assignments sent and returned by email. Although on-line courses are now offered by many institutions, it is by no means clear that they offer real advantages compared to classroom education. Little research has been done so far on their effectiveness, but this essay sets out toexamine the arguments on both sides and attempts to draw conclusions from them.Two main advantages of internet use in education are put forward. Firstly, it is seen as more economical, in that once a course is prepared, it can be used by large numbers of students. The savings made by not having to employ so many teachers should be reflected in cheaper course fees. The second benefit is convenience; instead of having to attend classes at fixed times and places, students are free to study when they choose and progress at their own pace. Furthermore, by studying from home there is no need to travel to the college or university, saving both time and money. A student living in a small town in China, for example, can now study a course at an American college without the worry of travelling, accommodation or homesickness.Despite the considerations mentioned above, classroom learning shows no signs of being replaced by e-learning. It seems that face-to-face contact with a teacher is still widely regarded as the best way for students to make progress, despite the expense and inconvenience involved. Not only the personal contact with a teacher, but also the support and encouragement gained from being part of a class may be one reason for this. Membership of a group may also create a useful spirit of competition, which stimulates learning.Given the increasing pressure on university places in many countries, internet-based teaching is often seen as a convenient development. However, e-learning eliminates personal contact and travel from education, which are possibly the aspects many students value. Sitting at home working on a computer may be economical, but clearlycannot replace the social experience of attending courses. However, there are many people who are unable, either through work or family commitments, or due to lack of funds, to go to classes, and who would clearly find internet learning beneficial. On-line courses can also be used to support taught courses, for instance by providing access to extra materials. In many ways these kinds of courses are similar to‘universities of the air’, such as Britain’s Open University, which have developed distance learning so successfully in the last 40 years.Faced by growing demand for university places, more institutions are likely to develop on-line courses, but the apparent benefits of e-learning may be less than are generally believed. Students seem to value the personal contact of the classroom highly, despite its cost and inconvenience. There may be a role for internet-based courses to supplement teacher-taught ones, and certainly for people with other commitments they will be the only practical option. There is an urgent need for research on the effectiveness of this type of learning, which should help maximize its advantages in the future.(Approximately 550 words)Sample 8: ArgumentNow complete the outline of the model essay: Separating the Sexes, Just for the Tough YearsI. Introduction (explanation of the issue)Thesis statement: _______________________________________II. BodyA. Opposing argument 1Opponents of single-sex education claim that test scores show that there is no advantage to all-girl or all-boy classes.Rebuttal to argument 11. Research is inconclusive-show opposite results2. Other results that cannot be calculateda. Girls________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____b.Boys _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _______B. Opposing argument2____________________________________________________________ Rebuttal to argument 2_________________________________________________________a. Settling squabbles with siblingsb. Negotiating with opposite-sex parentC. Opposing argument 3_________________________________________________________Rebuttal to argument 3___________________________________________________________a. _______________________________________________________b. Teachers call on boys more oftenIII.Conclusion1. Same-sex classes provide a better learning environmentReasonsa. Boys and girls_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______b.Girl____________________________________________________________________ _c. Boys____________________________________________________________________2.______________________________________________________________________3.________________________________________________________________________ _Sample 9A major change that has occurred in the Western family is an increased incidence in divorce. Whereas in the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become quite commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures. For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one marriage in ten ended in divorce; nowadays the figure is more than one in three (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change has been a substantial increase in the number of single parent families and the attendant problems that this brings (Kilmartin, 1997).An important issue for sociologists, and indeed for all of society, is why these changes in marital patterns have occurred. In this essay I will seek to critically examine a number of sociological explanationsfor the 'divorce phenomenon' and also consider the social policy implications that each explanation carries with it. It will be arguedthat the best explanations are to be found within a broad socio-economic framework.One type of explanation for rising divorce has focused on changesin laws relating to marriage. For example, Bilton, Bonnett and Jones (1987) argue that increased rates of divorce do not necessarily indicate that families are now more unstable. It is possible, they claim, that there has always been a degree of marital instability. They suggest that changes in the law have been significant, because they have provided unhappily married couples with 'access to a legal solution to pre-existent marital problems' (p.301). Bilton et al. therefore believe that changes in divorce rates can be best explained in terms of changes inthe legal system. The problem with this type of explanation however, is that it does not consider why these laws have changed in the first place. It could be argued that reforms to family law, as well as the increased rate of divorce that has accompanied them, are the product of more fundamental changes in society.Another type of explanation is one that focuses precisely on these broad societal changes. For example, Nicky Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995) argues that increases in divorce and marital breakdown are the result of economic changes that have affected the family. One example of these changes is the raised material aspirations of families, which Hart suggests has put pressure on both spouses to become wage earners. Womenas a result have been forced to become both homemakers and economic providers. According to Hart, the contradiction of these two roles has lead to conflict and this is the main cause of marital breakdown. It would appear that Hart's explanation cannot account for all cases of divorce - for example, marital breakdown is liable to occur in families where only the husband is working. Nevertheless, her approach, which is to relate changes in family relations to broader social forces, would seem to be more probing than one that looks only at legislative change.The two explanations described above have very differentimplications for social policy, especially in relation to how the problem of increasing marital instability might be dealt with. Bilton et al. (1995) offer a legal explanation and hence would see the solutions also being determined in this domain. If rises in divorce are thought to be the consequence of liberal divorce laws, the obvious way to stem this rise is to make them less obtainable. This approach, one imagines, would lead to a reduction in divorce statistics; however, it cannot really be held up as a genuine solution to the problems of marital stress and breakdown in society. Indeed it would seem to be a solution directed more at symptoms than addressing fundamental causes. Furthermore, the experience of social workers, working in the area of family welfare suggests that restricting a couple's access to divorce would in some cases serve only to exacerbate existing marital problems (Johnson, 1981). In those cases where violence is involved, the consequences could be tragic. Apart from all this, returning to more restrictive divorce laws seems to be a solution little favored by Australians. (Harrison, 1990).Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995), writing from a Marxist-feminist position, traces marital conflict to changes in the capitalist economicsystem and their resultant effect on the roles of men and women. It is difficult to know however, how such an analysis might be translated into practical social policies. This is because the Hart program would appear to require in the first place a radical restructuring of the economic system. Whilst this may be desirable for some, it is not achievable in the present political climate. Hart is right however, to suggest that much marital conflict can be linked in some way to the economic circumstances of families. This is borne out in many statistical surveys which show consistently that rates of divorce are higher among socially disadvantaged families (McDonald, 1993). This situation suggests then that social policies need to be geared to providing support and security for these types of families. It is little cause for optimism however, that in recent years governments of all persuasions have shown an increasing reluctance to fund social welfare programs of this kind.It is difficult to offer a comprehensive explanation for the growing trend of marital breakdown; and it is even more difficult tofind solutions that might ameliorate the problems created by it. Clearly though, as I have argued in this essay, the most useful answers are to be found not within a narrow legal framework, but within a broadersocio-economic one.Finally, it is worth pointing out that, whilst we may appear to be living in a time of increased family instability, research suggests that historically, instability may have been the norm rather than the exception. As Bell and Zajdow (1997) point out, in the past, single parent and step families were more common than is assumed - although the disruptive influence then was not divorce, but the premature death of one or both parents. This situation suggests that in studying the modernfamily, one needs to employ a historical perspective, including the possibility of looking to the past in searching for ways of dealing with problems in the present.Sample 10Discuss why assignment essays are common assessment tasks in undergraduate tertiary coursework, and evaluate the effectiveness of assignments as an avenue for learning. (Word limit 500 words - 10% leeway) Please note that the APA referencing style is used in this sample essay.Assignment essays are developed from set questions that give students a period of time to research a topic and produce their answer with references to their sources of information. While there are some disadvantages with using assignment essays as an assessment tool, there are sound educational purposes underpinning this practice. This essay examines the reasons why assignment essays are beneficial for student learning and considers some of the problems with this method of assessment.Assignment essay tasks are set to assist students to develop mastery of their study subject. Firstly, assignment tasks enhance understandings about subject matter. Yang and Baker (2005) reason that "to master your learning materials and extend your understandings, you need to write about the meanings you gain from your research" (p. 1). Secondly, research (Jinx, 2004; Zapper, 2006) clearly demonstrates that students learn the writing conventions of a subject area while they are researching, reading and writing in their discipline. This activity。

英语学术论⽂范⽂范⽂怎么写 学术论⽂是某⼀学术课题在实验性的科学记录，你们能够⽤英⽂写出来吗?下⾯是店铺带来英语学术论⽂优秀范⽂，希望对⼤家有帮助。

英语学术论⽂范⽂篇1：基于本⼟旅游⽂化的⼤学旅游英语教学研究 Study on College Tourism English Teaching Combining with Aba Local Tourism Culture Abstract：Boasting of rich，outstanding natural and cultural tourism resources，marvelous landscape，specific humanistic environment，Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture is well-known to the world， which has been attracting ever-increasing tourists home and abroad with its unique charm，such as the fairy-land like natural scenery，mysterious Tibetan Buddhist culture，ancient Qiang’s Shibi (necromancer) culture， the Red Army’s Long March culture and so on. These rich natural and cultural tourism resources raise the economic benefits of cultural tourism development emphasis. Aba is an ethnic minority area leading with the tourism industry; after years of development，tourism has become the main source of income for the local ethnic minorities. More and more foreign tourists have been attracted into this area， particularly， Europe， the United States and other English-speaking countries have become the major source countries; a large number of high-qualified tourism professionals are in urgent need， and tourism English teaching plays a very important role for cultivating High quality talents who are both proficient in English， grasping high level tourism skills， and quite familiar with Aba tourism resources. This paper analyzes and puts forward some constructive measures on how to combine Aba tourism resources， local culture with college tourism English teaching. Key words： Aba tourism resources local culture college tourism English teaching Introduction： After joining WTO， China gets more and more intimacy communication opportunities with the world; has been attracting ever-increasing foreign tourists and foreign tourism industry is rapidly developing. However，the development of the tourism industry and excellent tourism practitioners can not be synchronized， particularly high quality foreign tourism practitioners are seriously lacking， which causing the deve lopment of China’s foreign tourism lag，especially the local tourism resources and cultural characteristics can not be good publicized. Most of the local colleges are in charge of cultivating qualified personnel for local economic development， many vocational colleges set up Tourism English major， but because of teaching conception， method and practice are old-fashioned and out of touch， it results in Tourism English graduates are unable to adapt to the development needs of the tourism industry， and not well for the local tourism economy. Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture boasts abundant tourism resources and unique ethnic culture，which needs more high quality tourism practitioners who are skilled with foreign communicative ability and having comprehensive local culture knowledge to publicize the local culture and bring to a great height of development. Thus， the local college tourism English teaching should attach great importance to the needs of penetrating the local tourism and culture， and combining the introduction of local characteristics and cultural tourism with English teaching has very important significance. 英语学术论⽂范⽂篇2：英语专业学⽣写作的影响因素及对策分析 Analyzing the Factors and Corresponding Measures for English Majors’ Writing 【Abstract】As we know， English writing is an important part of communicative competence. But for many English majors， it is hard to express their thoughts clearly. In order to find out the main problems and corresponding measures，the author analyzes many compositions written by English majors. With some academic opinions and the author’s own analysis， some problems existing in students’ writing are listed. According to the problems， the author summarizes some influencing factors. Finally， the author gives some relevant solutions. Through analyzing those samples， the author hopes it has some help for English majors’ writing. 【Key words】Writing;English major;Influencing factors;Effective measures 0 Introduction “English writing is a re-creation process where students use the knowledge of the language through thinking. So writing skills can reflect students’ language competence” (Bai 2009：99). But for many English majors，English writing is a difficulty for them. So many reasons have led to this kind of phenomenon. The author summarizes several types of mistakes that English majors often make， such as vocabulary mistakes，grammar mistakes. According to these problems，the author analyzes the influencing factors and tries to find suitable ways to solve this problem. 1 Influencing Factors 1.1 Vocabulary Mistakes Generally there are three kinds of vocabulary mistakes existing in English majors’ writing. They are spelling mistake，collocation mistake and part of speech problem. In the following part，they are discussed one by one. First，the spelling mistakes are common in their compositions. “Vocabulary is the requisite element of English writing” (He 2008：141). If students want to write a good composition to express their thoughts， they should grasp enough vocabulary and understand words correctly. However， most English majors do not learn vocabulary like that. For example， the words “indepadent” is not correct in spelling; the words “indepondance” and “independent” are not correct; the words “dapt”，“nowdays” are not spelled correctly. This is because students neglect the spelling when they learn the word at the beginning. What’s more， many students recite the word in accordance with pronunciation. Second，collocation mistakes occur frequently. Collocation is the key point of vocabulary learning. It plays a vital role in expressing the author’s intention. As we all know， the English collocation is very different from Chinese. Some students are used to thinking in Chinese and then directly translate Chinese into English literally. Such literal translations will definitely lead to mistakes. Generally speaking，the words do not appear isolated from others. That is to say， there are fixed about collocation between adjective and noun，verb and object noun etc. However，students often do not pay attention to this collocation and accumulate the words mechanically， leading to inappropriate expression in English. For example， “look dinner” and “leave earth” are not appropriate. 英语学术论⽂范⽂篇3：马丁. 路德.⾦《我有⼀个梦》的⽂体分析 Abstract: On the base of the definition of stylistics, this thesis gives a detailed analysis of some the of stylistic devices used in the famous speech by the well-known American civil rights movement leader Martin Luther King, Jr., and then probes into the stylistic characteristics of speech as a style. Key words: Stylistics, Stylistic devices, analysis, speech. 马丁. 路德.⾦《我有⼀个梦》的⽂体分析 摘要:本⽂⾸先阐述了⽂体学的定义,并在此基础上对对美国着名⿊⼈领袖马丁. 路德.⾦的着名演讲《我有⼀个梦》中所使⽤的⽂体⼿段进⾏了详尽的分析,进⽽对演讲⽂体的风格进⾏了简要的论述。

英语学术论文范文英语学术论文范文英语学术论文范文：1. TitleStrategies of Oral English Teahing in Senior ShoolsThesis StatementThe urrent soial bakgrounds hih make Oral English bee an important part in the English learning proess are urgent. Teahers in senior shools alas enounter man problems in their Oral English teahing. This stud disusses the major auses, and gives some reative solutions to them.3. Purposes and Signifiane of StudIn reent ears it has been argued on both linguisti and pshologial grounds that Oral English should be the prinipal objetive in English teahing. Most textbooks plae emphasis more on Oral English in that the embod a methodolog that is largel oral. The urrent problems that appear in Oral English teahing in senior shools are the greatest obstales hih prevent students from learning English ell. With the globalization of soial life and eonom, the proess of opening up to the outside bees quikl, to a ertain extent, the requirements for the ultivation of Oral English are instant.This stud ill help senior teahers and learners analze the potential problems and speifi methods to deal ith.4. Situation of StudCorder vies his opinions that the seond language aquisition provides to the researher evidene of ho languageis learned or aquired, hat strategies or proedures the learners are emploing in his disover of the language.Segaloitz and Gatbouton take their vie as that language learning partiularl the oral petene has begun to fous on the teahing strategies.Goffman points out that oral talking is often organized into to-part exhanges, this organizing prinipal follos from the ver fundamental requirements of oral speeh as a muniation sstem. The Teahing Sllabus stipulates that Band One requires senior shool students to retell main ideas based on the general meaning of the passages, and an do some introdution about famil, friends, or lass b using simple sentenes and expressions. Band To desribes that students an anser questions and disuss aording to the text effiientl. It also requires students to do dail talk about soiet, ulture and siene hih related to the text in the textbooks.The High Shool English Standards stipulates that Band Six requires senior shool students to do dail onversations and express on opinions on the given topis. Students an desribepersonal experienes and express oneself appropriatel on some speifi oasions. Band Eight stresses that students an make a3-minute speeh based on simple topis b preparation in a short time, and do some simple translations in dail life.Theories about ho e teah oral English reflet our vie of the nature of language. A deeper understanding of the effets of muniative needs on non-native speaker disourse should make us more understanding of our students diffiulties inpratising their Oral English. It is generall aepted that English plas an important part in the basi eduation ourses, and even in the advaned eduation. In the past, English teahing laid great emphasis on the grammatial strutures instead of Oral English teahing. This leads to some serious problems that most learners in China have studied English for more ten ears, et the annot muniate ith native English speakers naturall. The probabl lak the language environment, and most of them have no opportunities to pratie their English orall in lass. Furthermore, teahers, some of hom annot have ver good oral English, in some bakard and remote areas of China, are not qualified. These ertainl leave students the diret impat on the motivation of English learning.5. Diffiult of StudIt is a little bit hard for senior students to spend some time everda to pratie their Oral English beause of the heav pressure of the entrane examination to ollege. Meanhile, in vie of the test-oriented sstem in China, teahers often emphasize a lot on preparing lesson plans for their students. Moreover, the solutions that offered in this stud annot be put into pratie easil. Colleting the materials andinformation is another diffiult thing for m limited time energ.6. Outline1. IntrodutionTheoretial Frameork1 Foreign Language Methodologies2 The Requirements of the High Shool English Standards3 Theories of the seond language aquisition4 Motivations for Senior Students English Learning3. The Causes of the Problems3.1 Students Fators in Their Oral English Learning3.1.1 Lak of Language Environment3.1.2 Fe Opportunities to Contat ith English3.1.3 Lak of Confidene and Creativit1.4 The Impat of Pshologial Obstales3.2 Teahers Fators in Their Oral English Teahing 3.1 Less profiien in teahers oral English3.2 Poor Teahing Theories and Strategies3.3 The Traditional Teahing Modes3.3 Administrators Problems3.3.1 Large Class3.3.2 The Current English Test Sstem4. Solutions4.1 The solutions to Students Problems4.1.1 Cultivation of Language Environment4.1.2 Creation of More Chanes to Pratie Oral English 4.1.1 Reitation Method4.2 Step-b-step Method4.1.3 Finding the fixed partners to pratie4.1.3 Fostering Self-onfidene and Creativit4.2 The Solutions to Teahers Problems4.1 Professionalism for Teahers Oral English4.2 Attempt of Ne Teahing Theories and Strategies 4.1 Model-based Method4.2 Theme-based Method4.3 Question Anser Method4.4 Interative Approah4.5 Group Ativities4.6 Role pla7 Disussion and Debate4.8 The Art of Correting Mistakes4.3 The Solutions to Governments Eduation Poli4.3.1 Small Class4.3.2 The Reform of English Test Sstem5. ConlusionBibliograph Rihards, J. J. The Context of Language Teahing. Beijing：Foreign Language and Researh Press, 201X Robins, R. H. General Linguistis. Beijing：Foreign Language and Researh Press, 201X 成云.心理学. 成都：四川大学出版社, 201X 胡春洞.英语教学法. 北京：高等教育出版社,90 刘家坊. 教育学. 成都：四川大学出版社，201X中国教育部. 全日制普通高级中学英语教学大纲. 北京：人民教育出版社, 201X 钟启泉. 外语教育展望. 上海：华东师范大学出版社, 2001以上这篇英语学术论文范文为您介绍到这里，希望它对您有帮助。

学术英语论文范文精选3篇评价系统（The pprisl Systems）是对系统功能语言学的新进展。

系统功能语言学以系统功能语法为基础。

评价理论是在20世纪90年代对澳大利亚新南威尔士的中学和其他场所语文水平研究的基础上进展起来的。

该研究由Mrtin指导，Croline Coffin，Rick Iedem，Henrike Korner，Dvid Rose，Robert Vee 和Peter White 参与。

这项研究是“写得得体”（Write It Right）科研项目的一部分。

评价理论包括三大次系统：态度，介入和级差。

三大次系统又可以次系统化。

态度系统指对文本，人类行为和现象所作出的推断。

态度有积极和消极之分。

任何句子都传递者积极和消极的评价。

态度可以明确或者含蓄的表达。

态度是指向文化的并与读者的意识形态相关。

态度可以通过表品质的词来表达，如hppy；可以通过心理过程和行为过程来表达，如like；通过情态状语表达，如hppily。

态度包含三个系范畴：情感系统、推断系统和鉴赏系统。

推断系统又可分为社会评判和社会约束。

鉴赏系统又可分为：反应、构成和价值。

介入系统深受Bkhtin （1981，1986）对话性和多语性的影响。

从这个意义层面上讲，介入资源是一种方式，通过这种方式说话者或XX自己介入对话中，一定程度上展示加入、承认、回应、挑战或拒绝其他XX或说话者的声音，或者对其他说话者或XX的回应做出可能的预期。

介入分为对话扩展和对话紧缩。

对话扩展又可次系统化为包容和归属；对话紧缩可次系统化为弃言和借言。

介入可以通过情态词、言剧性表达、模糊语等来实现，如my，it is sid tht等。

级差系统是对态度介入的程度的分级资源，包含语势和聚焦。

语势有强势和弱势之分，聚焦有明显和模糊之分。

级差可以通过一些表程度的词来实现，如some，plusible等。

3.语料本项研究的语料是60篇英文4.研究结果及分析本研究分别从三个次系统对语料进行分析：态度，介入，级差。

学位英语作文（精选16篇）大文斗范文网会员为你整理了“学位英语作文”16篇范文，希望对你有参考作用。

篇一：学位英语作文Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Cars and Air Pollution. You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese)below:1. 私家轿车越来越多，有些问题随之产生。

2. 比较明显的大问题有……3. 我对这种现象的想法。

Cars and Air PollutionToo many cars have created a lot of serious problems in our world. Besides congestion, accidents and fast consumption, cars are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. All the time, they are pumping huge amounts of waste gases into the atmosphere. These gases are very harmful, causing disease and even death.One possible solution is to design and develop clean cars and clean fuels. In Shanghai, some of the public buses begin to run on petrol. But it may take decades for the new models of clean cars to completely replace the traditional ones.Another solution is to develop modern public transportation systems and restrict the use of private cars. If the price of petrol rises constantly and the public vehicles are efficient and convenient enough, most people will not buy private cars. And the total number of cars in big cities will reduce greatly.On the whole, the elimination of air pollution needs the collective efforts from the government, the public and the environmentalists.2016年成人学位英语作文范文：城市问题Drection: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic City Problems. You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 越来越多的人涌入大城市，有些问题随之产生。

学术英语作文必背范文作为一名研究英语的学生，我们确实需要经常阅读一些优秀的范文，通过模仿来提高自己的英语水平。

以下是一些学术英语作文的必背范文：议论文范文一题目：Should college education be free?正文：There is much debate nowadays on whether college education should be free or not. Supporters claim that free college education will help more young people to get higher education. While opponents argue that free college education will cause financial burden on the government.Personally, I am in favor of the idea that college education should be free. The reasons are as follows. Firstly, college education is a publicgood that benefits both the individual and society. By providing free college education, more people will be able to access higher education, which will not only improve their lives, but also contribute to the development of society. Secondly, education is a basic human right that should be enjoyed by everyone regardless of their economic status. It is unfair to deny some people the opportunity to pursue higher education simply because they cannot afford it. Lastly, providing free college education will ultimately benefit the economy by producing a more educated and skilled workforce.In conclusion, I believe that free college education is a necessity for our society. Although it may cause some financial burden on the government, the benefits it brings to individuals and society far outweigh the costs.说明文范文二题目：How to improve your study efficiency?正文：As a student, it is important to achieve high efficiency in study. However, many students find it difficult to concentrate and maintain focus during study sessions. Here are some tips to help improve study efficiency:1. Create a study schedule: Make a plan for what you need to study and when you will study it. Having a schedule will help you stay organized and focused.2. Eliminate distractions: Try to study in a quiet environment with minimal distractions. Turn off your phone and avoid social media during your study session.3. Break up study sessions: It is difficult to maintain focus for long periods of time. Take breaks every hour or so to give your brain a chance to rest.4. Use active learning methods: Rather than simply reading through material, actively engage with it. This could include taking notes, summarizing key points, or discussing the material with other students.By following these tips, students can improve their study efficiency and achieve better academic results.以上是两篇学术英语作文的范文，读者可以通过模仿这些范文来提高自己的英语写作水平。

1.The Impact of Technology on EducationIn this essay,explore how technology has transformed the educational landscape,from online learning platforms to digital textbooks,and discuss the benefits and challenges this presents to students and educators.2.The Role of Social Media in Modern SocietyAnalyze the influence of social media on communication,relationships,and the spread of information.Discuss both the positive aspects,such as connecting people globally,and the negative impacts,like cyberbullying and misinformation.3.Environmental Conservation:A Global ResponsibilityDiscuss the importance of environmental conservation,the role of individuals, governments,and international organizations in protecting the environment,and the steps that can be taken to combat climate change and preserve biodiversity.4.The Power of VolunteeringReflect on the personal and societal benefits of volunteering,including the development of new skills,the sense of community,and the positive impact on mental health.5.The Importance of Cultural ExchangeExplore the significance of cultural exchange in fostering understanding and appreciation among different cultures,and how it can contribute to global peace and cooperation.6.The Ethics of Artificial IntelligenceDelve into the ethical considerations surrounding the development and use of artificial intelligence,including issues of privacy,bias,and the potential for AI to replace human jobs.7.The Impact of Globalization on Local EconomiesExamine the effects of globalization on local businesses and economies,discussing both the opportunities for growth and the challenges posed by increased competition and cultural homogenization.8.The Role of Education in Personal DevelopmentDiscuss how education plays a crucial role in shaping an individuals personality,values, and worldview,and how it can empower individuals to contribute positively to society.9.The Influence of Media on Body ImageAnalyze how media portrayals of beauty standards can affect body image andselfesteem,and discuss the importance of promoting a diverse range of body types and promoting selfacceptance.10.The Benefits of a Balanced LifestyleExplore the advantages of maintaining a balanced lifestyle,including physical health, mental wellbeing,and social connections,and provide tips on achieving this balance. 11.The Challenges of UrbanizationDiscuss the challenges that come with rapid urbanization,such as overcrowding, pollution,and the strain on resources,and propose potential solutions to these issues. 12.The Significance of Mental Health AwarenessAdvocate for the importance of mental health awareness and the need to destigmatize mental health issues,emphasizing the role of education,support systems,and professional help.13.The Evolution of CommunicationReflect on how communication has evolved over time,from traditional letters to modern digital communication,and the impact this has had on our relationships and the way we share information.14.The Importance of Lifelong LearningEmphasize the value of lifelong learning for personal growth,career development,and staying relevant in a rapidly changing world,and discuss the various ways individuals can continue to learn and grow throughout their lives.。