四级阅读讲义（一）如何复习：精研阅读真题一.分析题干与原文的定位关系二.正确选项与原文的替换关系三.干扰选项的分析四.对题干、选项中的语言点的归纳五.文章中出现的各种搭配六.文章中出现的长难句七.段落中各个句子之间的逻辑关系八.段落之间的逻辑关系九.文章中出现的指代全部搞定十.搞清作者对主题的态度和观点十一.把握文章的主题（寻找反复重现的概念十二.找能用于作文的好词好句（二）阅读方法：准备工作：1. 标段落号2. 浏览中文注释3. 留意反复重现信息4、Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key.In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.33. What is essential in making a modem car tougher to steal?A) A coded ignition key.B) A unique ID card.C) A special cellphone signal.D) A GPS satellite positioning receiver.1、Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light”beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.2、In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts: for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry (小甜饼). Even exercise professionals conc ede half a point here. “Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight,” says York Onnen, programdirector of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.3、Still, exercise’s supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.4、If you have been sedentary (极少活动的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year’s time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.1.扫读题干(1)判断题型(2)关键词（把题干和原文构成一一对应）①.大写专有名词，人名，地名，机构②.数字时间③.中文注释④.名词或名词短语（主题词除外）⑤.特殊形容词、副词、动词⑥.辅助定位，四种特殊语言形式：因果，并列，比较，转折(3)结合中文注释和题干对文章进行初步预测2.处理文章(1)主题结构(2)关键词定位配合顺序原则(3)八大考点○1-○4因果、并列、比较、转折○5数字串○6举例○7结论建议性表达○8全文末句3.对比作答(1)把在原文中定位的句子带回选项进行对比(2)正确选项原则：客观不主观；留有余地不极端；精确改写29. What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Center’s study?A) Controlling one’s calorie intake is more important than doing exercise.B) Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.C) Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.D) One could lose ten pounds in a year’s time if there’s no increase in food intake.3、Still, exercise’s supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.23. According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago ________.A) were less isolated physicallyB) were probably less self-centeredC) probably suffered less from anxietyD) were considered less individualistic1、I’m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today’s children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.1、People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea.2、Erosion (侵蚀) of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.3、Angry owners have called on the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hardrock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.11. What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?A) The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens.B) The experts’ lack of knowledge.C) The rising of the sea level.D) The washing-away of limestone cliffs.12. The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England ___.A) will soon become a problem for people living in central EnglandB) has now become a threat to the local residentsC) is quickly changing the map of EnglandD) can be stopped if proper measures are taken13. The experts’ study on t he problem of erosion can ______.A) lead to its eventual solutionB) provide an effective way to slow it downC) help to prevent it from worseningD) warn people whose homes are in danger14. It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because ________.A) it is too costly and will endanger neighbouring areasB) the government is too slow in taking actionC) they will be easily knocked down by waves and currentsD) house agents along the coast do not support the idea15. According to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of England, people should ________.A) be aware of the potential danger involvedB) guard against being cheated by the house agentC) take the quality of the house into considerationD) examine the house carefully before making a decision二. 处理文章：1. 抓主题结构：重点读懂全文开头、每段开头2. 关键词定位配合顺序原则3. 八大考点（1——4）四种语言形式——因果、并列、比较、转折（5）数字串前或后的结论（6）举例前或后的结论（7）结论、建议性表达（8）全文末句1、Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, “The business of America is business.”By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.2、Few would argue with Ford’s statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.”3、The positive side of Henry Ford’s statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs areproduced in abundance (大量地) because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system crates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.4、The negative side of Henry Ford’s statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business—referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the fight to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing—the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high—creates feelings of insecurity for many.三. 对比做答：1. 把在原文中定位的信息带回选项进行对比2. 正确选项原则（1）客观不主观（2）留有余地不极端极端：all，only，most留有余地：almost，nearly，partly，possible，may，might 3. 对原文信息精确改写语言形式对应：因果、并列、比较、转折含义对应：同义替换31. It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas house ____.A) is well worth the money spent on its constructionB) is almost faultless from the point of energy conservationC) failed to meet energy conservation standardsD) was designed and constructed in a scientific way18. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ________.A) believing that criticism is beneficial for their early developmentB) without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidenceC) in order to make them remember life’s lessonsD) so as to put more pressure on them33. We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that ________.A) people under stress tend to have a poor memoryB) people who can’t get their job done experience more stressC) doing challenging work may be good for one’s healthD) stress will weaken t he body’s defense against germs38. It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because ________.A) it gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB) it may make the other person feel guiltyC) it is vague and ineffectiveD) it is hurtful and insulting14. It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because ________.A) house agents along the coast do not support the ideaB) it is too costly and will endanger neighbouring areasC) the government is too slow in taking actionD) they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents Angry owners have called on the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to ahouse agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.（三）五大文章套路：一. 现象解释型文章开头叙述事实现象，后文对应给出解释或结论，现象不重要，结论解释才重要。
