(第3部分)词汇与结构(翻译版)
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第三章英语词汇的形态结构第三章英语词汇的形态结构【概要】本单元阐释了英语词汇的形态结构~讨论了词素、词素变体、词素的分类和辨别、以及词素和构词的关系~并介绍了词缀、词根、词干、词基等基本概念。
【知识点】1. Morphemes2. Morphs and Allomorphs3. Classifying Morphemes4. Identifying Morphemes5. Morpheme and Word-formation(1)Affix(2)Root, Stem, Base【文本翻译】我们已经讨论了推动英语词汇发展的历史、文化和社会因素。
正如我们所见,借词在扩大词汇量方面起到了积极的作用。
然而,在现代,主要是在内部基础之上来扩大词汇量的。
也就是说,我们运用英语中可以得到的构词材料去创造新的单词。
但是在我们讨论创造新词的实际方法和途径以前,我们需要对英语单词的结构和它们的成分—构词因素有一个清楚的认识。
这一章将讨论词素、词素的分类和辨别,以及词素与构词法之间的关系。
3.1 词素传统上,单词通常被作为一种语言里基本和最小的单位用于遣词造句,而句子则是根据句法规则将单词组合到一起。
但是,从结构上来看,单词并不是最小的单元,因为很多单词都能被分解成更小的意义单位。
以decontextualization一词为例,这是一个单词,但是可以被分解为de-, con-, text,-al, -iz(e), -ation,每一个都有其独特的意义。
这些成分不能被进一步地切分了,否则,它们中的任何一个都不会具有完整的意义。
虽然-ation有着一系列的变体形式,比如-tion,-sion,-ion,它们都属于同一个后缀。
因为它们有着同样的意义和语法功能,仅仅是出现在不同的语音环境之中。
这些最小的意义单位被称为词素(morphe 是希腊词汇,意思是…形式?;-eme出现于…phoneme?这样的单词中,意为…类?)。
中国地质大学(武汉)远程与继续教育学院大学英语2 课程综合测试2学习层次:高起专时间:90分钟第一部分:交际用语(共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分)此部分共有5个未完成的对话,针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项,请你从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A. Do you still have a room for tonight?B. What would you like, please?C. Is there anything I can do for you?D. Who is that speaking, please?2. ---Is Peter there?---____ , please. I’ll see if I can find him for you.A. Hold upB. Hold onC. Hold outD. Hold off3. ---Say, Jane, will you come with me to the game Friday?--- ____, Bob, but I promised Mary I’d go with her.A. My pleasureB. ThanksC. Take it easyD. Forget it4. ---I think you’d better type this letter again before Mr. Smith see it.--- Oh, dear! ___________.A. Who cares?B. No problemC. I don’t mind at allD. Is it as bad as that?5. ---Did you have a good time in Thailand last week?--- _____, it was too hot.A. Not really goodB. Yeah, why notC. Oh, greatD. You’re right第二部分:阅读理解(共10小题,每小题3分,满分30分)此部分共有2篇短文。
大学英语(B)考试大纲试点高校网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试,旨在遵循网络教育应用型人才的培养目标,针对从业人员继续教育的特点,重在检验学生掌握英语基础知识的水平及应用能力,全面提高现代远程高等学历教育的教学质量。
“大学英语”课程是现代远程教育试点高校网络教育实行全国统一考试的部分公共基础课之一。
该课程的考试是一种基础水平检测性考试,考试合格者应达到与成人高等教育本科相应的大学英语课程要求的水平。
考试对象教育部批准的现代远程教育试点高校网络教育学院和中央广播电视大学“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点”项目中自2004年3月1日(含3月1日)以后入学的本科层次学历教育的学生,应参加网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试。
“大学英语(B)”考试大纲适用于除英语类和艺术类专业以外的其他专业高中起点与专科起点本科学生。
考试目标本考试旨在考查现代远程教育所有专业(除英语类和艺术类专业)的学生掌握英语基础知识的水平及应用能力。
考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识和词汇,具备运用不同语言技能进行交际的基本能力。
考试内容与要求【语法】考生应较好地掌握基本的英语语法知识,并能在交际中较正确地加以运用。
【词汇】考生应认知3 000个单词,并熟练掌握其中的1 800个单词及其基本的搭配。
【交际能力】考生应掌握日常生活常见情景中的基本交际用语。
【阅读】考生应能读懂与日常生活和社会活动相关的不同类型的文字材料,包括应用文、描述文、记叙文、说明文和议论文等,阅读速度为每分钟50个单词。
考生应能:1.理解主旨要义;2.理解文中具体信息;3.根据上下文推测生词词义;4.进行有关的判断、推理和引申,理解作者的意图、观点或态度。
【翻译】考生应能在10分钟内将3个难度适中的英文句子翻译成中文。
考生应能:1. 对英语原文有准确的理解;2. 做到译文通顺、达意。
【写作】考生应能在30分钟内写出长度不少于80词的常见应用文及一般的叙述文、说明文或议论文。
江南大学现代远程教育第二阶段测试卷考试科目:《大学英语(二)》时间:90分钟学习中心(教学点)批次:层次:专业:学号:身份证号:姓名:得分:第一部分:交际用语(共5小题;每小题3分,满分15分)此部分共有5个未完成的对话,针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项,请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项。
1.- Good morning, John . How are you doing?- _________A:I’m pleased.B:Good night.C:Not so bad. And you?D:How do you do?2.- How do I get to the cinema?- _________A:It's very far.B:Yes, there is a cinema near here.C:It's well known.D:Go down this street and turn left.3.- This is a challenging job. Who wants it?- _________A:I'll take it.B:It's a good idea.C:You bet!D:No sweat!4.- I hope you have a most happy and prosperous new year!- _________A:You are welcome!B:How smart you are!C:The same to you!D:Nice going!5.- Would you like to see a film?- _________A:Yes, I'd love to.B:Do it, please.C:No, you like it?D:How do you do?第二部分:阅读理解(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)此部分共有2篇短文,第一篇短文后有5个问题。
第三部分词汇与结构全翻译版1.55个红色的题目,重点复习得分值为6分2.根据预测考试出现频率高低,次重点45个标注为蓝色,得分值为4分考前的准备也必不可少,本部分考5 题共10 分,基础较差的先重点温习标注红色的55 题。
----题号1-55 重点掌握,得分值6 分,每5 小题后面KEY 为答案1.Neither Bill nor his parents_______at home.比尔和他的父母都不在家。
A.isB.hasC.areD.was2.If you don't want to get wet,you had better this umbrella with you.如果你不想被弄湿,最好带上这把伞。
A.takeB.to takeC.takenD.for taking3.Measles along time to get over.麻疹需要很长一段时间才会治好A.spendB.spendsC.takeD.takes4.Do you want to wait? 您愿意等吗?Five days____too long for me to wait.五天等待的时间对于我来说太长了。
A.wasB.wereC.isD.are5.There a book and some magazines on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和一些杂志。
A. isB. a reC.haveD.hasKEY:C A D C A6.She is not only my classmate also my good friend.她不仅是我的同班同学,还是我的好朋友。
A.orB.butC.andD.too7.He asked the waiter the bill.他向服务员要账单A.onB.ofC.forD.After8.When Lily came home at 5 p.m.yesterday,her mother dinner in the kitchen.莉莉昨天五点钟回家时,她妈妈正在厨房里做晚饭。
【知识清单】译林版英语五年级上册Unit3Unit 3 Our animal friends一、重点词汇【四会】1.no 没有,无2. leg 腿3. arm 手臂4.foot 脚,足5.give 给【三会】1.body 身体2. or 也不,也没有3. wing 翅膀4.rabbit 兔子5. finger 手指二、短语:1.two feet 两只脚2. big eyes 大眼睛3. no legs 没有腿4. big ears 大耳朵5. long ears 长耳朵6. ten legs 十条腿7. animal friends 动物朋友8. big tails 大尾巴9. two wings 两只翅膀10. a long tail 一条长尾巴11. its body 它的身体12. your fingers 你的手指13. four legs 四条腿14. red eyes 红眼睛15. a new friend 一位新朋友16. big arms 大手臂17. big bodies 大身体18. a short tail 一条短尾巴19. a big mouth 一张大嘴巴20. don't shout 不要大喊21. give it a cake 给它一块蛋糕22. one ..., the other ... 一个···,另一个···.三、经典句型1. A: Do you have an animal friend? 你有一个动物朋友吗?B: Yes, I do. 是的,我有.2.A: Does he have an animal friend? 他有一个动物朋友吗?B: No, he doesn’t,不, 他没有。
3.You can see pandas in China. 你可以在中国看见大熊猫.4.He doesn't like sunny weather. 他不喜欢晴朗的天气.5.One is red and the other is black. 一个是红色的,另一个是黑色的.6.They have no legs or arms. 它们没有腿,也没有手臂.7.My animal friend is yellow and green. 我的动物朋友是黄绿相间的.8.It can run and jump. 它会奔跑和跳跃.9.It can talk and fly. 它会说话和飞翔。
第三部分:词汇与结构翻译版1.55个标成红色的题目,重点复习,得分值6分2.次重点41个为除红色外12月出现频率较高的题目,分值为4分,重点掌握内部资料请勿传播,复习本资料无需看其他额外资料,词汇结构虽然功在平时,但临考前的准备也必不可少,本部分考5题共10分,基础较差的先重点温习标注红色的55题。
-------- 以下红色1-55 需重点掌握,得分值6分,每5小题后面KEY为答案--------1.Neither Bill or his parents at home. 比尔和他的父母都不在家。
A.is B.has C.are D.was2.If you don’t want to get wet, you had better this umbrella with you.如果你不想被淋湿,最好带上这把伞。
A.take B.to take C.taken D.for taking3.Measles a long time to get over. 麻疹需要很长一段时间才能治好.A.spend B.spends C.take D.takes4.-Do you want to wait? 您愿意等吗?-Five days too long for me to wait. 五天等待的时间对于我来说太长了。
A. was B.were C.is D.are5.There a book and some magazines on the desk.桌子上有一本书和一些杂志。
A.is B.are C.have D.hasKEY:CADCA6.She is not only my classmate also my good friend. 她不仅是我的同学,还是我的好朋友。
A.or B.but C.and D.too7.He asked the waiter the bill. 他向服务员要账单。
A.on B.of C.for D.after8.When Lily came home at 5 p.m. yesterday, her mother dinner in the kichen.莉莉昨天下午五点钟回家的时候,她妈妈正在厨房里做晚饭。
全国高校网络教育部分公共基础课统一考试用书大学英语(B)模拟试卷 (2010年修订版)Test 1第一部分:交际用语(共5小题;每小题3分,满分10分)此部分共有5个未完成的对话,针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项,请从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出正确选项。
1.—How are you,Bob?— __________Ted.A.How are you? B.I’m fine.Thank you.C.How do you do? D.Nice to meet you.2.—Thanks for your help.—A.My pleasure.B.Never mind.C.Quite right.D.Don’t thank me.3.—Hello.I’m Harry Potter.—Hello,my name is Charles Green, but ____________.A.call my Charles B.call me at CharlesC.call me Charles D.call Charles me4.—Paul,______?—Oh,that’s my father! And beside him,my mother.A.what is the person over there B.who’s talking over thereC.what are they doing D.which is that5.—Hi, Tom, how’s everything with you?—, and how are you?A.Don’t mention it B.Hmm, not too badC.Thanks D.Pretty fast第二部分:阅读理解(共10小题;每小题3分,满分30分)此部分共有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5个问题。
请从每个问题后面的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项。
大学英语B仿真模拟题二十第一部分:交际用语(共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分)此部分共有5个未完成的对话,针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项,请从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出正确选项。
1. —Excuse me, could you show me the way to the nearest post office?—_____________ Oh yes! Two blocks away from here at the Green Avenue. You can’t miss it.A. I beg your pardon?B. What do you mean?C. You’ re welcome.D. Mm, let me think.2. —Is it possible for you to work late tonight?—_____________A. I like it.B. I’ll do that.C. I’d love to.D. I think so.3. —Doctor, I don’t feel well.—_____________A. You are fine.B. It doesn’t matter.C. What’s the matter?D. Don’t take it seriously.4. — This is Bill speaking. May I speak to Mr. Smith?— __________. Here he comes.A. Yes, speaking.B. Don’t go away.C. Go ahead.D. Hold on.5. —Paul, this is my friend, Ann.—______________.A. Very well, thank youB. How do you like the party?C. Glad to meet you, Jack.D. Glad to meet you, Ann.第二部分:阅读理解(共10小题,每小题3分,满分30分)此部分共有2篇短文,在第一篇短文后有5个正误判断题,从每题后的两个选项中选出正确答案;在第二篇短文后有5个问题。
第三部分:词汇与结构(2011.04网考)词汇与结构考试5题10分,此部分对于基础不是很好的同学比较难,较难突击,能掌握最好,如果无法掌握,在考试中靠感觉,或填写C或 B1.Professor smith promised to look ______ my paper,that is,to read it carefully before the defence.A.after B.over C.on D.into史密斯教授答应帮我看一下我的论文,也就是说,要在答辩前仔细看一下。
2.Our house is about a mile from the railway station and there are not many houses ______.A.in between B.far apart C.among them D.from each other我们家离火车站大概一英里左右,而且两者之间房子不多。
3.As the bus came round the corner,it ran ______ a big tree by the roadside.A.into B.on C.over D.up汽车开到转角时撞到了路边的一棵大树4.When Lily came home at 5 p.m. yesterday, her mother dinner in the kitchen.A.cooked B.was cooking C.cooks D.has cooked莉莉昨天五点钟回家时,她妈妈正在厨房里做晚饭。
5.Did you notice the guy ______ head looked like a big potato?A.who B.which C.whose D.whom你注意到了那个脑袋看上去像个大土豆的家伙了吗?KEY:BAABC6.I don’t know the park, but it’s to be quite beautiful.A.said B.old C.spoken D.talked我不了解这公园,但据说很美。
第三部分:词汇与结构(2011.09网考)全翻译版共220题1.This train is going _______ the tunnel quickly.A、downB、throughC、alongD、in这列火车正在快速地穿过隧道。
go through介词的固定搭配。
2. This room ______ cool in summer and warm in winter. It's quite comfortable to live here.A、feelsB、is feltC、findsD、is founded我们的房子冬暖夏凉,住在这里非常舒服。
3.John succeeded _______ what he wanted.A、to getB、to gettingC、in gettingD、and getting约翰成功地完成了他想要做的事情。
Succeeded in dong sth 成功地做了某事。
4. I forgot to return the book to you yesterday. So I ________today.A might do itB must do itC had to do itD must have to do it我昨天忘记把书还给你了,所以我今天必须去做。
5.They sent the letter to me ________ mistake.A、byB、forC、onD、with他们误把这封信寄给了我。
By mistake 错误的KEY:BACBA6.We are disappointed to find that the quality of the products here _______ very poor.A、to beB、have beenC、isD、being我们非常失望的发现这个产品的质量非常差。
7.The twin brothers are only _______ in appearance.A、likeB、likelyC、likelihoodD、alike这对双胞胎兄弟外表上只有一点像。
8.If I don't ________ the phone home, ring me at work.A、replyB、returnC、respondD、answer如果没人接家里电话,就打我办公室电话。
Answer the phone 固定搭配,接电话。
9.As a primary school teacher, one should be ______ with children. This is the first standard for being a good teacher.A patientB positiveC negativeD peaceful作为一名幼儿园老师,必须要对小孩有耐心,这时作为一名好老师的第一准则。
10."Town Hall is the tallest building in the city.""_______ from here?"A Can it seeB Can it be seenC Can be seeingD Can see市政府是这座城市最高的建筑。
在这里能看到它吗?(它能被看到吗)KEY:CDDAB11.The construction of the new bridge has been ____ for two weeks because of the bad weather.A devotedB developedC dependedD delayed因为天气差的原因,这座桥的施工已经被推迟了两个礼拜。
12.Who else, _______ Mary, took part in the English speech contest?A besidesB additionalC exceptD without除了玛丽,还有谁参加了这次英语演讲比赛。
13.He has been ______ for nearly three weeks after the death of his dear pet.A sadB satisfiedC evilD joyful他的宠物死了以后,他最近三个礼拜都非常伤心。
14.I don't have much free time as my work _______ all my time.A takes awayB takes overC takes upD takes in我不是经常有空余的时间,因为我的工作占去了我所有的时间。
KEY:DAAC16.Jenny is learning Japanese. ______ her brother.A So isB So doesC Nor isD Nor does珍妮和他哥哥一样正在学习日语。
17.The rain was _______ make our picnic impossible.A hard enoughB hard so toC so hard as toD so hard to这雨下的这么大让我们没有办法出去野餐了。
18.The policeman needs to see _______ your ID card or your driver's license.A everyB eachC eitherD both警察必须要检查你的身份证和驾驶证其中的一样。
19. This is ________film I have ever seen.A a wonderfulB the most wonderfulC wonderfulD most wonderful这是我看过的最精彩的电影了。
20.She has been working hard day and night during these years _______ she could pay for the lost necklace.A in order thatB as long asC the momentD because她这些年一直夜以继日的努力工作,是为了能支付得起这串丢失的项链。
KEY:ACCBA21.The new assembly line having been adopted, the factory produced ____ cars in 1999 as the year before.A as twice manyB twice many asC twice as manyD as many as twice这条新的生产线已经被采用,这家工厂在1999年生产的汽车是以前的两倍多。
22.That company doesn't take credit cards, so customers have to pay ______.A dollarsB financeC coinsD cash这家公司不支持信用卡,所以顾客们不得不用现金支付。
23.She is not only my classmate ________ also my good friend.A orB butC andD too她不仅是我的同班同学,还是我的好朋友。
24.All the evidence points to the fact ______ he is the murderer.?A whoB whichC thatD those所有的证据都指出他是杀人犯的事实。
25.I shall love my country _______.A for sakeB for everC for bestD for even我永远都爱我的家乡。
KEY:CDBCB26.It is a teacher's job to make sure that everyone of his students _______ confident in preparing himself for the future.A feelsB should feelC will feelD would feel教师的工作就是使他的每一个学生有信心筹划他们自己的将来。
27.On my left _______ a wide river; on my right, a dark forest.A has beenB wasC areD would be我的左边是一条宽宽的河,我的右边是一片茂密的森林。
28.Uncle Sam sent him a _______ bicycle as a birthday present.A red sports newB sports new redC new sports redD new red sports山姆叔叔送给他一辆新的红色的运动自行车作为他的生日礼物。
29.Either the shirts or the sweater ______ a good buy.A isB hasC areD was不管是这件衬衫还是这件毛衣都是值得买的东西。
KEY:BBDA31.Are you going to fix the car yourself, or are you going to have it _______?你是准备去自己拼装一辆车还是准备买一辆拼装好的车呢?A fixingB to fixC fixD fixed32.We saw him _______ the white building and go upstairs.我们看到他进了这幢白色的大楼里面并且上楼的。
A enterB enteringC to enterD entered33.Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we've decided to stay for ______ two weeks.上海真的是一个令人陶醉的城市,所以我们决定再待两个礼拜。
A anotherB otherC the otherD other's35.You needn't make such a funny noise, _______?你没有必要制造出奇怪的噪音,对吗?A don't youB doesn't itC need youD need itKEY:DAAC36.That was a difficult question, but Mary still _______ to work it out.A didB failedC keptD managed那是一个很难的问题,但是玛丽还是坚持将它解决了。