动词+宾语+宾补
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主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补举例主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(简称宾补)宾语与宾语补足语构成复合宾语。
这一句型的使用比较复杂,它既是中学教学内容的重点,又是难点,所以,我们予以详细举例介绍。
1.用形容词作宾补能接形容词作宾补的动词有 beat, boil, cut, drive, find,get, hold, keep, leave, make, paint, push, see, set,think, turn 等。
例如:She kept the door open.她让门开着遥He painted the wall white.他把墙刷成了白色遥He found his new job rather boring.他发现他的新工作相当乏味2.用名词作宾补能接名词作宾补的动词主要有 appoint, call, choose,consider, elect, find, make, name, think 等。
例如:They named their daughter Mary.他们给女儿取名玛丽。
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍,聪明的孩子也变傻。
3.用介词短语作宾补例如:Please make yourself at home.请不要拘谨。
She always keeps everything in good order.她总是把一切都收拾得井然有序。
I found her in better spirits when we met again.再见面时,我发现她的情绪好多了。
4.用副词作宾补例如:Don`t leave mebehind.别把我落下。
I won`t let youdown.我不会让你失望的。
Who will drive mehome? 谁开车把我送回家?5.用带to的不定式作宾补能接带to的不定式作宾补的动词主要有 advise, allow, ask,beg, cause, choose, encourage, expect, force, get, hate,invite, like, love, order,permit, persuade, prefer, request, teach, tell, want,warn, wish 等。
一、“ make宾语+xx”的用法“ make宾语+宾补”这一结构中,宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当,例如:(1) A good friend is someone who makes you happy(. 形容词作宾补)(2) They made me repeat the story.(省to 的动词不定式)(3) He raised his voice to make himself heard过去分词作宾补)注:“ make宾语+宾补”结构中不用现在分词充当宾补。
(4) We made him monitor of our class.(名词作宾补)注:职务名词充当xx 补时其前面不要加冠词。
【试题链接】1. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them___ in his lectures.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestD.to interest2. Myparentshavealwaysmademe___aboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.A.feeling wellB.feeling goodC.feel wellD.feel good答案:1. A2. D二、“ with宾语+xx”的用法“ with宾语+ 宾补”是高考试题中考查十分频繁的结构,“ with宾语+宾补”结构中的宾补主要有形容词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式等,在考题中常要求选择宾补的形式,在选择时宾补空间该使用什么形式,主要限决于宾语与宾补的关系,主动关系用现在分词,被动关系则用过去分词,此外,不定式作宾补要表示含义为将来的意味,例如:(2) With everything he need to buy, he went into the store. (不定式作宾补表示将来的含义)(3) With everything he need bought, he left the store. (过去分词作宾补表被动表完成)(4) With my key lost, I couldn ' t ente过m分词作宾补)(5) With nothing to do, I went out for a walk. (不定式作宾补)(6) I went out with the window open. ( 形容词作宾补)另外,“ with宾语+宾补”结构中还可由介词短语、副词短语来充当宾补,如:(1) She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.(2) He left the room with the light still on.试题链接】1. -- C ome on, please give me some ideas about the project. --- Sorry. With somuch work ___ my mind, I almost break down.A.filledB.fillingC.to fillD.being filled2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ___ hegladly accepted it.A.finishedB.finishingC.having finishedD.was finished3. I couldn ' t to my homework with all the noise___.A.going onB.goes onC.went onD.to go on答案:1. B2. A3. A三、“ have宾语+xx”的用法在“have宾语+宾补”这一结构用法中,充当宾补的常用的有do, doing,done和adj,例如:(1) III have my hair cut this after n 我0今天下午要理发(2) I won ' t have you saying to your mother that way.(3) He reaIized that she did not wish to have her go with him.(4) I expect Amy wiII have the tea ready directIy.、/■ I ■ '。
宾补动词顺口溜
宾语补足语是句中宾语的补充说明,一般与宾语搭配逻辑合理,语法正确,意思通顺。
以下是关于宾补动词的顺口溜,仅供参考:
1. 宾语补足语,切莫胡乱加,动词意思要表达清楚全靠它。
2. have/make/let/see/watch/notice/observe/hear/feel/listen to +宾语+宾补。
3. 动词不定式,有它没划线;to后啥都没,to后很自由。
4. to +及物动词变不定式。
5. 感官动词和使役动词接宾补,省略to来不忘记。
6. 动词原形前面加to,变成不定式。
7. to后接原形,to前加be done。
8. 一感二听三让四看半帮助,主动不能接to。
9. 若被to接通,条件和时间来帮忙。
10. 主从复合句,宾补须加从句中。
1、常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有:call, name, elect, make, think, appoint, choose, find, consider, keep, wish, feel等常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有:2 believe, think, get, keep, make, find, set, like, wish, see, consider, prove, have, leave, 以及paint, drive, turn, cut 等。
3、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有:catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop, smell, excuse 等。
例如:She caught her son smoking a cigarette. His words started me thinking.4、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, worry, advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, command, require, make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for // think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe, allow, prove, declare5、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等6、1)、在hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe 等动词后的不定式需省去to 。
常见五个动词加宾语和宾补一.“make+宾语+宾补”的用法“make+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当,例如:(1) A good friend is someone who makes you happy.(形容词作宾补)(2) They made me repeat the story.(省to的动词不定式)(3) He raised his voice to make himself heard.(过去分词作宾补)注:“make+宾语+宾补”结构中不用现在分词充当宾补。
(4)We made him monitor of our class.(名词作宾补)注:职务名词充当宾补时其前面不要加冠词。
二、“with+宾语+宾补”的用法“with+宾语+宾补”是高考试题中考查十分频繁的结构,“with+宾语+宾补”结构中的宾补主要有形容词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不式等,在考题中常要求选择宾补的形式,在选择时宾补空间该使用什么形式,主要限决于宾语与宾补的关系,主动关系用现在分词,被动关系则用过去分词,此外,不定式作宾补要表示含义为将来的意味,例如:(1) With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledgeof English.(宾语so many people与communicate是主动关系,因此用现在分词作宾补)(2) With everything he needed to buy, he went into the store. (不定式作宾补表示将来的含义)(3) With everything he needed bought, he left the store. (过去分词作宾补表被动表完成)(4) With my key lost, I couldn’t enter my room. (过去分词作宾补)(5) With nothing to do, I went out for a walk. (不定式作宾补)(6) I went out with the window open. (形容词作宾补)另外,“with+宾语+宾补”结构中还可由介词短语、副词短语来充当宾补,如:(1) She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.(2) He left the room with the light still on.三、“have+宾语+宾补”的用法在“have+宾语+宾补”这一结构用法中,充当宾补的常用的有do,doing, done 和adj,例如:(1) I’ll have my hair cut this afternoon.我今天下午要理发。
一、“make+宾语+xx”的用法“make+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当,例如:(1) A good friend is someone who makes you happy.(形容词作宾补)(2) They made me repeat the story.(省to的动词不定式)(3) He raised his voice to make himself heard.(过去分词作宾补)注:“make+宾语+宾补”结构中不用现在分词充当宾补。
(4)We made him monitor of our class.(名词作宾补)注:职务名词充当xx补时其前面不要加冠词。
【试题链接】1. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them___ in his lectures.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestD.to interest2.Myparentshavealwaysmademe___aboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.A.feeling wellB.feeling goodC.feel wellD.feel good答案:1.A2.D二、“with+宾语+xx”的用法“with+宾语+宾补”是高考试题中考查十分频繁的结构,“with+宾语+宾补”结构中的宾补主要有形容词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式等,在考题中常要求选择宾补的形式,在选择时宾补空间该使用什么形式,主要限决于宾语与宾补的关系,主动关系用现在分词,被动关系则用过去分词,此外,不定式作宾补要表示含义为将来的意味,例如:(2) With everything he need to buy, he went into the store. (不定式作宾补表示将来的含义)(3) With everything he need bought, he left the store. (过去分词作宾补表被动表完成)(4) With my key lost, I couldn’t enter my room. (过去分词作宾补)(5) With nothing to do, I went out for a walk. (不定式作宾补)(6) I went out with the window open. (形容词作宾补)另外,“with+宾语+宾补”结构中还可由介词短语、副词短语来充当宾补,如:(1) She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.(2) He left the room with the light still on.【试题链接】1. ----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.----Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down.A.filledB.fillingC.to fillD.being filled2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ___ hegladly accepted it.A.finishedB.finishingC.having finishedD.was finished3. I couldn’t to my homework with all the noise___.A.going onB.goes onC.went onD.to go on答案:1. B2. A3. A三、“have+宾语+xx”的用法在“have+宾语+宾补”这一结构用法中,充当宾补的常用的有do,doing,done 和adj,例如:(1) I’ll have my hair cut this afternoon.我今天下午要理发。
宾语补足知识点总结一、宾语补足语(宾补)宾语补足语(宾补)是指在及物动词后所需的宾语后面,充当宾语补足的成分,通常由名词、形容词或动词不定式构成。
宾补通常有以下几种类型:1. 名词宾语补足语:通常由名词、代词、数词等构成。
例如:I consider him (to be) my friend.(我认为他是我的朋友。
)2. 形容词宾语补足语:通常由形容词构成。
例如:They found the film (interesting).(他们觉得那部电影很有趣。
)3. 动词不定式宾语补足语:通常由动词不定式构成。
例如:I wanted (to go) there.(我想去那里。
)二、宾语补足成分(宾补成分)宾语补足成分(宾补成分)是指在及物动词后所需的宾语之后,作为宾语补足的成分,通常由名词、代词、形容词或动词不定式构成。
宾补成分的构成形式和用法与宾补基本相同。
三、宾语补足的构成形式宾语补足的构成形式包括:名词补语、形容词补语、副词补语和动词不定式补语。
其中,名词补语、形容词补语和动词不定式补语是比较常见的形式,而副词补语出现的频率较低。
四、宾语补足的用法1. 宾语补足的用法主要包括以下几个方面:(1)表示动作的结果或状态:通常由形容词或动词不定式构成。
例如:He made me (angry).(他惹怒了我。
)(2)表示宾语的补充说明:用于对宾语进行补充或说明。
例如:I find the book (interesting).(我觉得这本书很有趣。
)(3)表示动词的意义:通常由动词不定式构成。
例如:I saw him (go out).(我看见他走出去了。
)2. 在实际应用中,宾语补足通常需符合以下几个原则:(1)宾语补足通常应与及物动词构成逻辑上的完整意思。
(2)宾语补足通常应与及物动词一起构成句子的谓语动词。
(3)宾语补足通常应与及物动词构成合理的语法结构。
五、宾语补足的误用在英语中,有些人容易在使用宾语补足时出现误用。
6大使役动词的用法记忆口诀“动词+宾语+宾补”,是指在动词和宾语之间,有宾补的句子结构。
中文中的带、让、叫、使、令、让,就属于这类动词,叫做“使役动词”,也称return verb,一般只能接宾语加宾补的结构,宾补可以是名词、代词、形容词、动词、介词短语等,具体用法如下。
①带:表示“携带”“带领”的含义,常用于表示被携带的物体或者被带领的人,而且常译为“带”,如:他带着一个小包。
He brought a small bag with him.②让:表示“使得”、“让步”的含义,用于让某人做某事,常用于表示被让步的人或者被让步的事,而且常译为“让”,如:我让他留下来。
I let him stay.③叫:表示“叫喊”的含义,用于表示被叫唤的人或者被叫唤的物,而且常译为“叫”,如:他叫你回来。
He called you back.④使:表示“使”、“令”的含义,用于表示使某人做某事,其宾补可以是名词、代词、形容词、动词、介词短语等,而且常译为“使”,如:他使我犹豫不决。
He made me hesitate.⑤令:与使用法类似,不过常译为“令”,如:令他感到担忧。
Make him worried.⑥让:表示“让”的含义,用于表示让某人做某事,其宾补可以是名词、代词、形容词、动词、介词短语等,而且常译为“让”,如:我让他们同意。
I made them agree.以上就是6大使役动词的用法。
在使用这6种动词时,我们应该注意以下几点:一是使役动词常跟宾补,宾补可以是名词、代词、形容词、动词、介词短语等;二是使役动词常以祈使句的语气表达,如果后面宾补不是动词,那么后面的宾补用to do的形式;三是使役动词的译法结构常常是“动词+宾语+宾补”,应该重视使役动词的宾补,做到准确把握;四是使役动词的否定形式常常是“不要+动词+宾语+宾补”。
通过以上介绍,我们就可以记住、掌握6大使役动词的用法了。
只有掌握了使役动词的正确用法,我们才能在英语学习和使用中更准确地表达自己的意思。
常见五个动词加宾语和宾补一.“make+宾语+宾补”的用法“make+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当,例如:(1) A good friend is someone who makes you happy.(形容词作宾补)(2) They made me repeat the story.(省to的动词不定式)(3) He raised his voice to make himself heard.(过去分词作宾补)注:“make+宾语+宾补”结构中不用现在分词充当宾补。
(4)We made him monitor of our class.(名词作宾补)注:职务名词充当宾补时其前面不要加冠词。
二、“with+宾语+宾补”的用法“with+宾语+宾补”是高考试题中考查十分频繁的结构,“with+宾语+宾补”结构中的宾补主要有形容词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不式等,在考题中常要求选择宾补的形式,在选择时宾补空间该使用什么形式,主要限决于宾语与宾补的关系,主动关系用现在分词,被动关系则用过去分词,此外,不定式作宾补要表示含义为将来的意味,例如:(1) With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledgeof English.(宾语so many people与communicate是主动关系,因此用现在分词作宾补)(2) With everything he needed to buy, he went into the store. (不定式作宾补表示将来的含义)(3) With everything he needed bought, he left the store. (过去分词作宾补表被动表完成)(4) With my key lost, I couldn’t enter my room. (过去分词作宾补)(5) With nothing to do, I went out for a walk. (不定式作宾补)(6) I went out with the window open. (形容词作宾补)另外,“with+宾语+宾补”结构中还可由介词短语、副词短语来充当宾补,如:(1) She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.(2) He left the room with the light still on.三、“have+宾语+宾补”的用法在“have+宾语+宾补”这一结构用法中,充当宾补的常用的有do,doing, done 和adj,例如:(1) I’ll have my hair cut this afternoon.我今天下午要理发。
一、“make+宾语+宾补”的用法“make+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当,例如:(1) A good friend is someone who makes you happy.(形容词作宾补)(2) They made me repeat the story.(省to的动词不定式)(3) He raised his voice to make himself heard.(过去分词作宾补)注:“make+宾语+宾补”结构中不用现在分词充当宾补。
(4)We made him monitor of our class.(名词作宾补)注:职务名词充当宾补时其前面不要加冠词。
【试题链接】1. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _____ in his lectures. A.interested B.interesting C.interest D.to interest2. My parents have always made me _____ about myself, even when I was twelve.A.feeling well B.feeling good C.feel well D.feel good答案:1.A 2.D二、“with+宾语+宾补”的用法“with+宾语+宾补”是高考试题中考查十分频繁的结构,“with+宾语+宾补”结构中的宾补主要有形容词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式等,在考题中常要求选择宾补的形式,在选择时宾补空间该使用什么形式,主要限决于宾语与宾补的关系,主动关系用现在分词,被动关系则用过去分词,此外,不定式作宾补要表示含义为将来的意味,例如:(1) With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more imp ortant to have a good knowledgeof English.(宾语so many people与communicate是主动关系,因此用现在分词作宾补)(2) With everything he needed to buy, he went into the store. (不定式作宾补表示将来的含义)(3) With everything he needed bought, he left the store. (过去分词作宾补表被动表完成)(4) With my key lost, I couldn’t enter my room. (过去分词作宾补)(5) With nothing to do, I went out for a walk. (不定式作宾补)(6) I went out with the window open. (形容词作宾补)另外,“with+宾语+宾补”结构中还可由介词短语、副词短语来充当宾补,如:(1) She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.(2) He left the room with the light still on.【试题链接】1. ----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.----Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down.A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______ he gladly accepted it. A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished3. I couldn’t to my homework with all the noise______.A.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on答案:1. B 2. A 3. A三、“have+宾语+宾补”的用法在“have+宾语+宾补”这一结构用法中,充当宾补的常用的有do,doing, done和adj,例如:(1) I’ll have my hair cut this afternoon.我今天下午要理发。
(2) I won’t have you saying to your mother that way.(3) He realized that she did not wish to have her go with him.(4) I expect Amy will have the tea ready directly.注意:have sth. done的含义为“请别人来做某事或遭遇到某到情况”,例如:(1) I had the door painted last week.(2) He had his pocket picked.(3) She had her watch stolen.【试题链接】1. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _____ in a short period.A.improved B.improving C.to improve D.improve2. ----Did Peter fix the computer himself?----He _____, because he doesn’t know much about computers.A.has it fixed B.had fixed it C.had it fixed D.fixed it3. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _____ often enou gh.A.explaining B.to explain C.explain D.explained答案:1. A 2. C 3. D四、“find+宾语+宾补”的用法“find+宾语+宾补”这一结构中的宾语补足语可以由现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及不定式to be等来充当。
分别举例如下:(1) You will find it a very difficult book.(2) The youth found it a hard problem to think about.(3) When he came to himself, he found himself surrounded by a group of boys.(4) I hope to find you in better spirits when we meet again.(5) I find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.注意:find+宾语+宾补这一结构中通常不使用动词原形来充当宾语补足语,即没有“find+宾语+动词原形”这样的结构。
【试题链接】A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.(03全国卷)A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked答案:B。
五、“leave+宾语+宾补”的用法Leave+宾语+宾语补足语,其中宾语补足这一成分可以由过去分词、现在分词、形容词、介词的复合结构等来充当,分述如下:1. 由过去分词来充当宾语补足语:leave sth/sb done,常用来表示宾语所处的状态或表示动作已经完成。
(1) Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions unanswered.(2) He got up slowly leaving the lunch unfinished.(3) Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?△可用于被动语态:Hi!My patient can’t be left unattach ed.2. 由现在分词来充当宾语补足语:leave sb/sth doing,常用来表示使某人或某物一直做某事:(1) Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.(2) They went off together and left me sitting there.(3) We left him painting the gate.△可用于被动语态:Now the temple has only its walls left standing.The papers were left lying around.3. 由形容词来充当宾语补足语:(1) You’d better leave the drawing-room door open.(2) His illness has left him weak.△可用于被动语态:The window was left open.4. 由介词的复合结构充当宾语补足语:(1) Leave him in peace!(2) His illness left him with a weak heart.(3) You’ve left her name off the list.△可用于被动语态:I was left without a ray of hope.【试题链接】A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left______. A.unsatisfied B.unsatisfying C.to be unsatisfying D.being unsatisfied答案:A六、“hear+宾语+宾补”的用法“hear+宾语+宾补”这一结构中的宾补常可以由现在分词、不带to的不定式、过去分词等来充当,如:Through the wall he could hear Harris cleaning his teeth.She could hear the rain pattering against the windows.Have you ever heard a pop song sung in Japanese?I won’t hear anything said against him behind his back.【试题链接】After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice _____ him.A.calling B.called C.being called D.to call答案:A。