中国矿业大学博士生入学英语试题

2015年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionThe purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent. In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to “book”him. “Booking” means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station. The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away—for example, because he owns a house and has a family—he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one. The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty. At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation. The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.1．What is the main idea of the passage?A．The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.B．The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.C．Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.D．The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.正确答案：B解析：本文的第一段第一句话“The purpose of the American court system is to protect the fights of the people．”就点明了文章的主旨，即美国法院系统的作用是保护人民的权利，因此选择B。

中国矿业大学考博英语真题2015年Part ⅠReading ComprehensionDirections: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions or statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent.In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to "book" him. "Booking" means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away—for example, because he owns a house and has a family—he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can't afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney's office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty.At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judgemay sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation.The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.1. What is the main idea of the passage? ______A.The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.B.The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.C.Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.D.The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.答案：B[解答] 本文的第一段第一句话“The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people.”就点明了文章的主旨，即美国法院系统的作用是保护人民的权利，因此选择B。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14lh century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man”. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery, it wasn’t until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families. But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent’s largest minority. The exact numberis hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own-unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan” said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, “is where my two fee t stand.”1.Gypsies are united only when they（）.2.In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT（）.3.According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of（）.问题1选项A.are engaged in traditional craftsB.call themselves RomaC.live under a clan systemD.face external threats问题2选项A.the EgyptiansB.the stateC.the churchD.the Nazis问题3选项nguageB.cultureC.identityD.custom【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。

2014年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionAbout six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: “So, how have you been?” And the boy —who could not have been more than seven or eight years old—replied. “Frankly, I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately.”This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school. The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to. Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists, why? Human development is based not only on innate biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders. In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information, and indiscriminately, to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures. Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practices. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.1．According to the author, feeling depressed is______.A．a mental scale present in all humans, including childrenB．a sure sign of a psychological problem in a childC．an inevitable part of children’s mental developmentD．something hardly to be expected in a young child正确答案：D解析：本题细节定位于第二段第二句话“As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were‘depressed’until we were in high school”。

2007年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Cloze 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Structure and V ocabulary 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English Translation 6. WritingClozeThe Indians rise soon as it is light, the children run down to the river to swim, the woman go to the creek to bring fresh water. Soon maize soup is being prepared for【C1】______. Before noon they will eat again, usually fish, meat and bananas, the fruit of the “chontadurre” palm and a drink of’chicha”. When the sun has 【C2】______over the river, some of the younger women go【C3】______their children by canoe to their forest plantation to【C4】______maize, bananas and wild fruits. The older women stay in the house making pots which are【C5】______for drinking water and for “chicha”. Later they have to【C6】______the evening meal and look after the children. The women do most of the daily work and each【C7】______day involves much the same【C8】______. The men, who may have been hunting during the night, 【C9】______the day repairing nets, replacing an arrow lost while hunting, fishing with hook and line or “atarraya” net. In January after the rains,【C10】______men and women go to the forest plantation to sow maize.【C11】______, in August and September, they sow a【C12】______crop. Four months after each【C13】______, the maize is ready for harvesting by the women. At nightfall the family congregates once【C14】______, and after the babies are【C15】______in their hammocks they discuss the day’s events.1．【C1】正确答案：breakfast解析：本题空格前面讲的是天一亮印第安人就起来了，因此这里准备的应是早餐。

中国矿业大学（北京）考博报考分析及备考指导 一、招考介绍学校所属招生总数名额分布考博英语难易程度复试分数线211/985266人（57各专业）直播和硕博连读人数：48人考研英语难度外语成绩≥55分专业课成绩≥60分二、矿大考博英语备考规划1、矿大考博初试英语题型和分值设置词汇完型填空阅读理解翻译短文作文15题15分20题10分五篇20题40分英译汉10分汉译英10分15分2、英语复习推荐用书：育明考博教研部主编的《考博英语真题解析》《考博词汇》，是最为权威的考博英语备考资料。

同时也得到了育明考博学员的肯定和证明，并且每年都会再版更新。

可以联系育明考博购买邮寄，或在全国各大书店及卓越亚马逊及当当网下单。

（PS：育明考博咨询方式 扣扣：547 063 862 TEL：四零零 六六八 六九七八）3、复习策略、答题技巧、经验分享（1）词汇备考：矿大对考博英语词汇量在7000—8000左右。

部分院校，如社科院，对词汇量的要求会比较大，大约会达到10000以上。

虽然不推荐盲目的扩大词汇量，但是足够的单词储备还是会对应试起到比较积极的作用。

根据自身的复习时间和实际需要，可以选择考研词汇、六级词汇、托福词汇、专八词汇、或者GRE词汇进行备考，推荐育明教育考博教研室主编的《考博英语系列教程—考博10000词》进行有针对性的词汇备考。

有很多人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知要想做好学习的记忆工作，是要下一番工夫的。

单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的，于是就产生了记忆的牢固度问题。

所以我们一直在向强调反复记忆单词，但是如何反复记忆却是一个复杂的工作。

记忆规律可以具体到我们每个人，因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同，可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。

如果与个人记忆特点相悖，记忆效果则会大打折扣。

因此，我们要根据每个人的不同特点，寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆遗忘曲线。

博士英语考试试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. CopyD. Duplicate答案：A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She don't like to go out in the rain.B. They has been working on the project for months.C. Neither of the students were prepared for the exam.D. The number of attendees is greater than expected.答案：D3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions:a) The book is _______ the shelf.b) She is _______ the committee since 2019.c) He is _______ the same opinion as his colleague.答案：a) onb) inc) of二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1[Text omitted for brevity]4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of education.B. The impact of technology on society.C. The role of communication in relationships.D. The benefits of a healthy lifestyle.答案：B5. According to the passage, which of the following is not a benefit of using technology?A. Improved efficiency.B. Enhanced communication.C. Increased isolation.D. Greater accessibility.答案：C6. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem mentioned in the passage?A. Limiting the use of technology.B. Encouraging more face-to-face interactions.C. Relying solely on traditional methods.D. Ignoring the issue altogether.答案：B三、完形填空（共20分）[Text omitted for brevity]7. In the context of the passage, what does the word "alleviate" most likely mean?A. To worsen.B. To reduce.C. To ignore.D. To exaggerate.答案：B8. Why does the author believe that the issue discussed is important?A. It affects a large number of people.B. It is a new and emerging problem.C. It has been overlooked by many.D. It is a personal concern of the author.答案：A9. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Negative Effects of Stress.B. Coping Strategies for Stress.C. The Causes of Stress in Modern Life.D. The Importance of Stress Management.答案：B四、翻译（共20分）10. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese:"The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives."答案：技术快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了重大变化。

中国矿业大学考博英语真题2011年Part One ClozeDirections: Fill each of the blanks in the passage with one suitable word.One word that you might have learned when you were studying about sound is frequency. Frequency means 1 fast the sound wave vibrates. Faster vibrations produce 2 pitched sounds. The notes in a musical scale indicate the 3 or frequency of the sound. 4 word that can describe a sound is intensity. Intensity 5 to the amount of energy in a sound wave, and it 6 a sound's loudness. Printed music will often include notes about how loud or 7 to play each section of the music. Timbre is another 8 used to describe musical sounds. It describes how the same note will have 9 sounds when played 10 different instruments. For example the same note may sound soft and pretty when played on a flute, 11 strong and brassy when played on a trumpet. The timbre of a note comes from both the actual note 12 is played 13 also its overtones, 14 are other higher and lower sounds that are produced 15 the same time.1.答案：how[解答] 文中第一句提到与声音有关的一个词是频率。

中国矿业大学考博英语真题常见虚拟词及其解析虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示假设，或用来表示命令、建议以及说话人的主观愿望，有时也可以使语气缓和、委婉。

虚拟语气作为一重点语法，在各类考试中占有相当大的分值，所以理解该语法，不管对于考试，还是在日常应用中都有相当大的作用，本节将就考试重点作详细讲解。

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一、虚拟语气的用法常用于条件句中，表示与现在、将来、过去相反的假设，表示与现在、将来、过去相反假设时,主句与从句谓语动词的变化形式，现以动词do为例说明。

主句从句现在would/should/could/might+do be→were/do→did 将来would/should/could/might+do were to+do/should+do(只能用should)过去would/should/could/have done had done注：有些语法书中在“与将来相反假设”的条件从句中也有do→did，这样就和“与现在相反假设”的主句、从句完全相似，其主要区别在于各自的时间状语上，另外如果在“与将来相反假设”的条件从句中出现should+do，那么主句中就避免使用should+do，可以用would/could/might+do。

例句：If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in2006s World Cup tournament，you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk.(选自2007年Text1)分析：该句是复合句。

译文：假如你去调查2006年世界杯上每位足球运动员的出生证明，你很可能会发现一个值得注意的现象。

矿大（北京）博士完型填空精选练习12/11Part I Clone(15 points)Directions: Decide which of the choices given would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.(QQ群矿大北京2016考博370230165)A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide--the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that __1__ does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less __2__ then, however, were the new, positive __3__ that work against the digital divide. Seriously, there are reasons to be __4__.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential __5__ there are. More and more __6__, afraid their countries will be left __7__, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will __8__ rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for __9__ world poverty that we've ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has __10__ potential.To __11__ advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices __12__ respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is a/an __13__ of their sovereignty might well study the history of __14__ (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure-__15__ roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.1. A) divide B) information C) world D) lecture2. A) obscure B) visible C) invisible D) indistinct3. A) forces B) obstacles C) events D) surprises4. A) negative B) optimistic C) pleasant D) disappointed5. A) users B) producers C) customers D) citizens6. A) enterprises B) governments C) officials D) customers7. A) away B) for C) aside D) behind8. A) decrease B) narrow C) neglect D) low9. A) containing B) preventing C) keeping D) combating10. A) enormous B) countless C) numerical D) big11. A) bring B) keep C) hold D) take12. A) at B) with C) of D) for13. A) offence B) investment C) invasion D) insult14. A) construction B) facility C) infrastructure D) institution15. A) concerning B) concluding C) according D) including参考答案：1.A 由文中第一行的digital divide得出答案。

中国矿业大学考博英语真题动词固定搭配汇总1.adherence和adhesion这两个词都是“粘附的”意思。

adherence用于比喻的意思。

例如：His adherence to the strict letter of the law.adhesion是指物质上的。

2.adjacent，adjoining，和contiguous这些词都有next to“紧挨”的意思。

adjacent“毗邻的，邻近的”，但它们可能并不相互直接接触。

adjoining和contiguous指相互接触，通常之间有一个edge或boundary.3.admission和admittance它们都有“the act of entering”的意思。

但admission用于公共场合。

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The price of admission to the gallery is￡5.admittance不指公共场合，一般指私人的住所。

4.adopted和adoptiveadopted“收养的，过继的”an adopted son(daughter)养子(女);my adopted country我所入籍的国家;adopted words外来语。

adoptive“收养的”，我们说adoptive parents，但很少说adoptive child;“采用的”，“假冒的”an adoptive courage假充勇敢。

5.averse和adverseadverse“不利的，反对的”，用于事，不用于人。

adverse weather conditions;an adverse reaction.averse“嫌恶的，反对的，不乐意的”，常和“to”一起使用，而且用否定形式。

6.advise和adviceadvise“劝告”(动词);advice“劝告”(名词)。

中国矿业大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案与解析Part One Cloze1．breakfast【解析】根据文中的时间顺序可知，这里应是准备早餐。

2．risen【解析】此处是说太阳升起来照到河上，因此应填risen。

3．with【解析】go with表示伴随。

4．collect【解析】这里是说采集玉米等，因此应填collect。

5．used【解析】be used for表示“用来做……”。

6．prepare【解析】此处是说准备晚餐，因此应填prepare。

7．new【解析】此处是说新的一天，因此应填new。

8．routine【解析】此处是说做同样的工作，routine可表示老一套惯常的且常常机械执行的程序或活动，因此应填routine。

9．spend【解析】此处是说白天花时间修补渔网，因此应填spend。

10．both【解析】“both…and…”表示“不但……而且……；既……又……”。

11．Later【解析】从时间上看前面讲的是一月，此处是八月和九月，因此应填later。

12．second【解析】前面讲到第一次播种的时间是一月，八月和九月应是第二次播种的时间，因此应填second。

13．sowing【解析】此处是说每次播种后过四个月就可以收获了，因此应填sowing。

14．again【解析】once again表示再一次。

15．asleep【解析】此处是说在孩子入睡后，因此应填asleep。

Part Two Reading ComprehensionPassage One1．D【解析】本题的四个选项中，只有D项为正确答案。

这可从文中的“The over-development of motor transport，with its increase of more cars，more highways，more pollution，more suburbs，more commuting，has contributed to the near destruction of our cities．”推知。

2015中国矿业大学（北京）考博英语分析一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。

攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。

二、中国矿业大学（北京）考博英语题型Part1:词汇，15题15分Part2:完型填空,20题10分。

Part3:阅读理解，五篇20题40分。

Part4:翻译短文，英译汉10分，汉译英10分。

Part5:写作，15分。

三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。

在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。

四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。

大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。

因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。

一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。

在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。

如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。

通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。

导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。

这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。

我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。

（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。

很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。

其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。

(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。

中国矿业⼤学考博英语真题及其精解中国矿业⼤学考博英语真题及其精解Directions:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order forQuestions41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs intoa coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in eachnumbered box.The first and the last paragraphs have been placed foryou in Boxes.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)[A]“I just don’t know how to motivate them to do a better job.We’re in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewardsat my disposal.In fact,we’ll probably have to lay some people offin the near future.It’s hard for me to make the job interesting andchallenging because it isn’t—it’s boring,routine paperwork,andthere isn’t much you can do about it.[B]“Finally,I can’t say to them that their promotions willhinge on the excellence of their paperwork.First of all,they knowit’s not true.If their performance is adequate,most are more likelyto get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of yearsthan for some specific outstanding act.Second,they were trained todo the job they do out in the streets,not to fill out forms.Allthrough their career it is the arrests and interventions that getnoticed.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jiexi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liuliu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu sanqi.[C]“I’ve got a real problem with my officers.They come on theforce as young,inexperienced men,and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a heat.They seem to like the contact they have with the public,the action involved in crime prevention,and the apprehension of criminals.They also like helping people out at fires, accidents,and other emergencies.[D]“Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion.However,we know that’s not fair—too many other things are involved.Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court,but good paperwork doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll win.We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports,but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly.No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition,and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.”[E]“The problem occurs when they get back to the station.They hate to do the paperwork,and because they dislike it,the job is frequently put off or done inadequately.This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court.We need clear,factualreports.They must be highly detailed and unambiguous.As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect,the rest of the report is suspect.Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.[F]“So I just don’t know what to do.I’ve been groping in the dark in a number of years.And I hope that this seminar will shed somelight on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.”[G]A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators,managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city.At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation—how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job.The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.Order:G4142434445F答案详解41.【解析】[C]按照答题步骤，我们⾸先应当对已知信息进⾏研读，即阅读⾸尾段，归纳语篇的基本结构，找出答题的线索。

中国矿业大学考博英语真题2017年Section ⅠReading ComprehensionDirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneAs the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses and other agencies.Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were one such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women, American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home. In the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained women tobe consumer homemaker—cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date.1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was ______.A.the growing number of schools in frontier communitiesB.an increase in the number of trained teachersC.the expanding economic problems of schoolsD.the increased urbanization of the entire country答案：D[解答] 本题定位于第一段第二、三句话“The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility”。

中国矿业大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题2010年(总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、Part One Cloze (总题数：1，分数：10.00)More than 600 million girls live in poverty in the developing world. Many of them are 1 in school and are not given the same opportunities 2 boys. New programs are aimed 3 helping girls and their families succeed. The unequal treatment of 4 is a big problem in many parts of the globe. But a new campaign hopes to show that girls can be the solution 5 ending poverty, disease and other global issues. It's called the "girl effect". According to the girl effect theory, one girl can make a positive change in the world, as 6 as she's given a chance to succeed. An extra year of secondary school can boost a girl's earnings 7 as much as 25%. If the 600 million girls in the developing world who live in poverty increased their earnings, 8 could lift the world economy. Studies show that women are 9 likely than men to spend their paychecks 10 their families. With women working, children are more likely to stay in school, be better fed and be healthier.（分数：10.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：discriminated）解析：[解析] discriminate意为“歧视”，这里用做被动语态，表示某人收到歧视。

博士考试试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The correct spelling of the word "phenomenon" is:A. fenomenonB. phenomonC. phenominonD. phenomenon答案：D2. Which of the following is not a verb?A. to runB. to jumpC. to flyD. flight答案：D3. The phrase "break the ice" means:A. to start a conversationB. to stop a conversationC. to make a decisionD. to end a conversation答案：A4. The opposite of "positive" is:A. negativeB. optimisticC. pessimisticD. positive答案：A5. Which of the following is not a preposition?A. inB. onC. atD. is答案：D6. The word "perspective" can be used to describe:A. a point of viewB. a physical locationC. a mathematical calculationD. a scientific experiment答案：A7. The phrase "a piece of cake" is used to describe something that is:A. difficultB. boringC. easyD. expensive答案：C8. The verb "to accommodate" means:A. to refuseB. to ignoreC. to provide space or servicesD. to argue答案：C9. The word "meticulous" is an adjective that describes someone who is:A. lazyB. carelessC. very careful and preciseD. confused答案：C10. The phrase "to go viral" refers to:A. to become sickB. to spread quickly on the internetC. to travel by planeD. to become extinct答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "____" means a sudden loud noise.答案：bang2. "____" is the term used to describe a person who is very knowledgeable.答案：savant3. The phrase "to turn a blind eye" means to ____.答案：ignore4. The word "____" is used to describe a situation that is very difficult to understand.答案：enigmatic5. "____" is a term used to describe a person who is very good at remembering things.答案：eidetic6. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very talkative.答案：loquacious7. The phrase "to ____" means to make something more complex. 答案：complicate8. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very organized and efficient.答案：methodical9. The phrase "to ____" means to make a plan or to decide ona course of action.答案：strategize10. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is verycurious and eager to learn.答案：inquisitive三、阅读理解（每题4分，共20分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。