Factors Influencing Choice of Tourist Destinations A Study of North India
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旅游六要素的作文英语Title: The Six Elements of Tourism: Exploring the Essence of Travel。
Introduction:Tourism is a multifaceted industry that encompasses various aspects, each contributing to the overall experience of travelers worldwide. From breathtaking landscapes to cultural immersion, there are six fundamental elements that define the essence of tourism. In this essay, we will delve into each of these elements and explore their significance in shaping the world of travel.1. Destination:The destination serves as the focal point of any travel experience. It encapsulates the geographical location, attractions, and ambiance that draw tourists from far and wide. Whether it's the iconic landmarks of Paris, theserene beaches of Bali, or the historic ruins of Machu Picchu, destinations offer a diverse array of experiences to suit every traveler's preferences. Each destination holds its unique allure, beckoning visitors to explore and discover its wonders.2. Accommodation:Accommodation plays a crucial role in ensuringtravelers' comfort and convenience during their journey. From luxury resorts to budget-friendly hostels, the range of lodging options caters to the diverse needs and preferences of tourists. The quality of accommodation can significantly impact the overall travel experience, providing a cozy retreat after a day of exploration or serving as a luxurious sanctuary for relaxation.3. Transportation:Transportation forms the lifeline of tourism, facilitating movement between destinations and enhancing accessibility. Whether it's a scenic train ride through theSwiss Alps, a leisurely cruise along the Mediterranean coast, or a thrilling safari adventure in an open-air jeep, the mode of transportation adds an element of excitement to the travel experience. Efficient transportation networks enable travelers to traverse vast distances seamlessly, unlocking new horizons and connecting cultures.4. Cuisine:Cuisine is an integral aspect of travel, offering a tantalizing journey for the taste buds. Each destination boasts its culinary delights, reflecting the unique flavors and culinary traditions of the region. From street food stalls brimming with local delicacies to Michelin-starred restaurants showcasing gourmet cuisine, dining experiences are an essential part of cultural immersion. Exploring the culinary landscape allows travelers to savor new flavors, indulge in culinary adventures, and forge connections through shared meals.5. Culture:Culture forms the heart and soul of tourism, enriching the travel experience with its traditions, customs, and heritage. Immersing oneself in the local culture provides insights into the way of life, beliefs, and values of the community. Whether it's attending traditional festivals, exploring historical landmarks, or interacting with locals, cultural experiences foster cross-cultural understandingand appreciation. Each encounter offers a glimpse into the tapestry of human diversity, fostering meaningful connections and memories that last a lifetime.6. Activities:Activities encompass a myriad of experiences that cater to the interests and preferences of travelers. Whether seeking adventure, relaxation, or cultural enrichment, the range of activities available ensures there's something for everyone. From adrenaline-pumping adventures such as hiking, diving, and skydiving to leisurely pursuits like spa retreats, culinary tours, and art workshops, activities enhance the travel experience by creating memorable moments and fostering personal growth.Conclusion:In conclusion, the six elements of tourism collectively contribute to the richness and diversity of the travel experience. From the allure of destinations to the flavors of local cuisine, each element plays a vital role in shaping travelers' journeys and creating unforgettable memories. By embracing these elements, travelers can embark on transformative experiences that inspire, educate, and connect people across borders and cultures. As the world of tourism continues to evolve, these fundamental elements remain at the core, guiding travelers on a perpetual quest for exploration and discovery.。
旅游乘数效应(Tourism multiplier effect)Tourism multiplier effectTourism multiplier effect can be expressed as what does K=1/ (1-MPC) mean, what does M, P and C mean? Please experts answer, thank you! What's more, the tourism income in a certain area is 16 million, and the marginal propensity to consume is 40%. How much is the tourist multiplier in this region? According to the formula, how do you figure it?Factors influencing tourism multiplier effect and ways to improve itFor the tourist destination, the tourism income brought by tourists' local consumption will lead to the increase of social economic benefits through the operation of the tourism economy and the chain reaction of social and economic activities. However, the amount of tourist spending in the economic system and the number of turns in the consumption will affect the size of the multiplier effect. Specifically, there are several key factors:(1) marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to saveWhen each unit increase in tourism income for consumption ratio is greater, the marginal propensity to consume more, it can in the economic system within the cost amount is higher, so the multiplier effect is bigger; on the other hand, when each unit increase in tourism income for the savings ratio is greater, the marginal the greater the tendency of making savings, thispart of the funds from the cycle of economic system in the region, and the economic development of the region the multiplier effect is smaller. Obviously, the multiplier effect is proportional to the marginal propensity to consume and inversely proportional to the marginal propensity to save.(two) marginal propensity to import goods and the leakage of tourism revenueEven if is the marginal propensity to consume is large enough, but if the consumer activity to buy enterprise object is not the destination country or region of the product or service, but in other countries or regions of the product or service, will form the tourism revenue leakage, this part of the revenue from the leakage out of their country or region economic system operation process, thereby the reduction in income in the country or the area of the turnover and circulation times, so the tourism multiplier effect will be greatly reduced. Obviously, the more the marginal propensity to import goods or the more leakage of tourism, the lower the multiplier effect of tourism, and the reverse proportion of the changes.The development of inbound tourism can create a large number of foreign exchange, but also need to spend a lot of foreign exchange, especially in developing countries in the foreign exchange leakage show more prominent, therefore, to improve the tourism multiplier effect must pay more attention to the leakage problem of foreign exchange. Although there is no foreign exchange leakage in different regions of a country, it is also necessary to pay attention to the problem of income leakage in the destination areas.Foreign tourism research expert S. Mike sea (McGahey) believes that many reasons cause leakage, some can be avoided by proper planning and management, some local economic and environmental constraints can not be overcome, he summed up the 12 causes of leakage, some domestic scholars of these reasons further divided into the following categories:(1) direct leakage. Includes all kinds of imported goods to buy tourism development and management needs of the outflow of foreign exchange expenditures; foreign investors from foreign loans and joint venture enterprises profits; salary and labor costs to hire foreign employees; for tourism promotion has all kinds of spending in foreign countries.(2) indirect leakage. There are mainly foreign exchange losses caused by the import of goods and labor by foreign enterprises and institutions concerned with the supply of various goods and services to the tourism industry, and the expenses associated with the development of the tourism industry.(3) invisible leakage. Foreign exchange losses arising from the maintenance, repair and removal of public facilities due to the increased wear and tear of various public facilities.(4) black market leakage. That is, foreign exchange receipts from official foreign exchange trading in the form of foreign currency lost from the destination.(5) subsequent leakage. Also called induced leakage refers to the foreign exchange outflows involved in the personalconsumption of tour employees.(6) prior leakage. Refers to the income of an overseas tour operator who does not enter the country of destination in the total income obtained by selling a tourist product to a country.The causes of this leakage include the mode of travel booking, the distance traveled, the categories of vehicles and means of transportation used, and the routes of tourists entering tourist destination countries.In order to improve the tourism multiplier effect, we should not only improve the market economy system, innovate the tourism products, improve the quantity and quality of tourism supply, but also need to make more efforts on the coordination and completeness of the industrial structure. Because the tourism economic multiplier effect comes from the correlation degree of tourism industry and related industries, the closer the relationship is, the greater the multiplier effect of tourism economy. With the coordination of the relationship between only the various industries of national economy, the development of related industries to better; and complete the degree of the industrial structure is largely determines the leakage degree of tourism in the economic operation level, completeness of the industrial structure is stronger, more likely to make the tourists' tourism consumption brings more revenue stay in the destination economy within the system, thus reducing the import of goods and services purchased. The higher the degree of self-sufficiency, the greater the multiplier effect of tourism.The multiplier effect of tourism is a double-edged swordThe multiplier utility is a change in a variable that causes the final amount to increase in the form of a multiplier acceleration.The multiplier effect is a factor to be considered in the formulation of macro policies.Is there a multiplier effect in management? And how to take advantage of the multiplier effect?Is there a multiplier effect in the implementation of a policy in management? And this multiplier effect is what managers are after. For example, a plan to promote the implementation of the sales plan, we hope that this plan can increase exponentially, but we often find that if there is no other implementation of the strategy, the multiplier effect is difficult to achieve.For example, incentive policies, management measures such as the incentive method or process incentive method, but the best results may only produce an effect on some specific behavior, and sustained motivation or spontaneous incentive effect is not possible. In it, managers want to achieve a multiplier effect, a measure that produces multiple effects.There are many examples of the multiplier effect in ancient China, such as the ancient filial piety in a sense is a kind of multiplier effect, the filial piety for the king or elders for their education or incentive is only limited to a few times the occasional lecture or reward, but this idea continues. Agood multiplier effect is achieved.Managers, of course, want to make management a multiplier effect. But here we should pay attention to a problem, the multiplier effect is not once and for all. The multiplier effect involves a series of measures in it. Only if these corresponding measures play a role, the multiplier effect can be effective. The so-called supporting measures is necessary to make the original measure of the effect of further play, such as management incentives, if simple incentive is unlikely to continue to play a role in the case of no incentive. Must be appropriate, such as corporate culture and other supporting it. Only by doing these measures can the effect be achieved.What does "tourist multiplier effect" mean?The multiplier utility is a change in a variable that causes the final amount to increase in the form of a multiplier acceleration.The multiplier effect is a factor to be considered in the formulation of macro policies.The tourism industry of high correlation and strong driving force, the economic multiplier effect is far higher than other industries, to promote the development of transportation, communication, construction, catering, hotel, commercial, entertainment and other more than 10 industries, the surrounding land appreciation, stimulating effect on the national economy was ten. On the city, the construction and development of the tourism industry, can not only bring directeconomic benefits, but also improve the infrastructure of the city, the appearance of the city, the living environment and investment environment. According to incomplete statistics of the tourism industry, about 37.4% of tourists are interested in investment, and tourism can become a media that attracts a large number of investors.。
高二英语旅游产业发展的趋势洞察练习题30题(答案解析)1. The ancient Silk Road was not only a trade route but also an important path for ______.A. tourismB. travelerC. journeyD. trip答案:A。
解析:本题考查词汇辨析。
tourism表示旅游业或者旅游活动,在这里强调丝绸之路也是古代旅游活动的重要路径;traveler 是旅行者,为名词,这里需要一个表示旅游活动的名词,所以B选项不符合;journey侧重于长途旅行,强调旅行的过程;trip常指短途旅行,而丝绸之路作为一个长期存在且具有多种功能的路线,用tourism 更合适。
2. In the early days of travel industry, people mainly traveled for ______.A. business and explorationB. fun and relaxationC. shopping and diningD. education and training答案:A。
解析:在旅游产业早期,人们出行主要是为了商业目的( 比如商人的贸易往来)和探索( 例如探险家探索新的地域等)。
B 选项乐趣和放松是现代旅游比较常见的目的;C选项购物和餐饮虽然也是旅游中的活动,但不是早期旅游的主要目的;D选项教育和培训不是早期旅游的主要驱动因素。
3. Which word can best describe the early form of travel?A. LuxuriousB. ComfortableC. RudimentaryD. Sophisticated答案:C。
解析:rudimentary表示初级的、简陋的。
早期的旅游形式比较简陋,没有现代这么多的便利设施和服务。
luxurious(奢华的)、comfortable(舒适的)和sophisticated(复杂的、精致的)都不符合早期旅游形式的特点。
Unit OneIntroduction& Unit 1The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries课程名称:英语国家社会与文化本课内容:The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries授课时间:90分钟教学目的:通过本节课的教学,使学生了解英语国家社会与文化课程的主要内容与要求,了解文化的概念;同时对英国有一个总体上的了解。
教学意义:帮助学生了解主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌,如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。
教学重点:文化的概念;英国基本情况。
教学难点:英国概况教学方式:以电子课件为主,辅以少量板书的课堂讲授。
教学内容: (详见下页)1.什么是文化?2.英国国土与人民英国的不同名称及其区域3. 伦敦概况教学方法:采取教师教授为主,结合学生课堂讨论。
时间分配: What is culture? (10 分钟.);What’s th e relation between Culture and society? (10 分钟);Why should we learn culture (10 分钟);UK- a complicated country with a complicated name(40 分钟)A Brief Idea about London. (20 分钟)课堂板书:1. Culture-the foundation of communication2. The four parts of UK3. Main cities of EnglandLondonBirmingham-second largest city of England.Liverpool-second largest port of EnglandManchester- industrial and commercial centre.课后作业: Exercises in Unit 1Unit OnePart One1.What is culture?Culture-the foundation of communicationCulture is very abstract and complicated. Concretely speaking, it refers to all the aspects of social life, such as, the values, the practices of a society and social conventions, education, politics, art or literature,language,ideas,etc.文化即是人们所思,所言(言语和非言语),所为,所觉的总和.文化是无处不在的,具体说来,包括社会生活的一切方面,如:价值观念,生活行为方式,社会规范等,乃至艺术,政治,经济, 教育,修养,文学,语言,思想等.2. What’s the relation between Culture and society?1)Culture is a separate idea from society, although culture and society areinterrelated and cannot exist without each other.2)Culture is a system of values (or beliefs) and norms (or behaviour). A societyis a system of interrelationships which connect or bind individuals together.3. Why should we learn culture?1)Requirement of communication2) Language and culture are inseparable3)Culture acquisition is important for the study of literature.Part TwoUK- a complicated country with a complicated nameⅠStatus in the worldEffects of its Imperial Past--“an empire in which the sun never set”(日不落帝国):1.one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding memberof NATO, and of the Commonwealth,2. Member of European Union and the Group of seven3.The make-up of the British population (Immigration has produced a populationof which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity.)II. The effects of its imperial past* The days of empire ended after World War II1. The effects were mainly encountered in the close relationships which exist with the 50 or more colonies of that empire, and which maintain links through Commonwealth of Nations. But more important international relation is its membership in the European Union since 1973.2. The makeup of the British population--- immigration from India, Pakistan, or Caribbean (西印度群岛与中南美洲海域) countries in the 1950s and1960s. 1/20 are non-European ethnicity.III.The features of British society:1.a multiracial societyRacial, gender, class, regional and economic differences in the societya multi-racial society: most are Christians and because of immigration, many are Muslims;gender difference: male and female live different livesclass difference: the class structure of UK society is relatively obvious (A white-collar worker’s lives are very different from a blue-collar worker’s.) economic and regional difference within each of the 4 countries:-- difference between highland and lowland Scots-- difference between north and south England (South is on average more wealthy than the north)2. a society with class-structure3. a society with difference of region difference: highland and lowland Scots,north and south England,the capital and provinces.Part ThreeMain cities of England1. London2. Birmingham-second largest city of England.3. Liverpool-second largest port of England4. Manchester- industrial and commercial centre.London--cultural,bussness,and financial centre1. One of the most famous cities of the world, London is England's capital and a favourite for tourists from all over the world who flock there in their millions. It has a history stretching back almost 2000 years, A population of 7.5 million people, and some of the most famous tourist attractions in the world.2.London Attractions:Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament.The Tower of London,Tower Bridge,St Paul's Cathedralthe River ThamesCountless fascinating museums, art galleries and famous theatres.The English Royal Family reside in London at Buckingham Palacewhere you can see the famous 'Changing of the Guard'and muchmore.3. A significant role of LondonWhen a man is tired of London, you are tired of life for there is in London all that life can afford.—Samuel Johnson London is dominant in UK in all sorts of ways.1)It is the largest city in the country with abo ut one seventh of the nation’spopulation.2)It is seat of government.3)It is the cultural centre.4)It is the business centre.5)It is the financial centre of the nation.6)London is a huge weight in Britain’s economic and cultural life, and to someextent the rest of the country lives in its shadow.For reference英国历代国王与王后Geographical features1.Geographical positionThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. It has a total land area of 244,100 square kilometres, of which nearly 99% is land and the remainder inland water. From north to south it is about 1,000 kilometres long.(1) Northwest of Europe(2) North Atlantic Ocean(3) Separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel2.Geographical features(1) An island country, surrounded by sea(2) Highlands in the north and west(3) Lowlands in the east and southeastA. Part of the great European PlainB. Level land and fertile soilC. farming(4) 3 natural zones in ScotlandA. the highlands in the northB. the central lowlandsC. the southern uplands. Rivers and LakesImportant role of rivers in the country’s economy1.Important Rivers(1)the Severn RiverA.the longest in the countryB.only 338 kilos long(2)the Thames RiverA.the 2nd longestB.the most important riverC.336 kilos longD.Oxford and London are on the river(3)River ClydeA.the most important in ScotlandB.important commercial waterway2.the Lake District(1)in northwest England and North Wales(2)popular tourist attractions(3)the home of the Lake PoetsA.William WordsworthB.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.Robert SoutheyClimate1.Typical feature of Britain’s climate“Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather.”The statement is often made by Englishmen to describe the peculiar meteorological conditions of their country.A maritime type of climate(1)rainy---abundant rainfallThe uncertainty about the weather tends to make the Englishmen cautious.“A foreigner may laugh when he sees the Englishman setting forth on a brilliantly sunny morning wearing a raincoat and carrying an umbrella, but he may well regret his laughter later in the day!”(2)changeable and unpredictable, no clear cut of 4 seasons“In no country other than England, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day! Day may break as a balmy spring morning; an hour or so later black clouds may have appeared from nowhere and the rain may be pouring down. At midday conditions may be really wintry with the temperature down by about eight degrees or more centigrade. And then, in the late afternoon the sky will clear, the sun will begin to shine, and for an hour or two before darkness falls, it will be summer.”(3)Mild: no extremesIn England one can experience almost every kind of weather except the most extreme.temperature: 4-6℃ in winter, 12-17℃ in summer2.Factors influencing the climate(1)the surrounding waters(2)the prevailing south-west winds(3)the North Atlantic Drift (warm current)3.Rainfall(1) a steady reliable rainfall throughout the year(2)uneven distribution of rainA. a water surplus in the north and westB. a water deficit in the south and eastUnit TwoThe History of England课程名称:英语国家社会与文化本课内容:The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries授课时间:90分钟教学目的:通过本节课的教学,使学生了解英国历史,尤其是英格兰的历史;掌握主要历史事件及人物。
换个地方去旅游作文英语Title: A Journey to Discover: Exploring a New Destination。
Traveling to a new place is an exhilarating experience that broadens one's horizons, enriches their understanding of diverse cultures, and creates unforgettable memories. In this essay, we will delve into the journey of exploring a new destination, unraveling the essence of travel and its profound impact on individuals.Introduction:Traveling to a different destination offers a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in unfamiliar surroundings, embrace new cultures, and witness breathtaking landscapes. Whether it's venturing into bustling cities, tranquil countryside, or exotic locales, each journey unveils a tapestry of experiences waiting to be discovered.Body:I. Choosing the Destination。
A. Researching potential destinations。
博物馆数量和参观人数英语二范文1In recent years, the number of museums around the world has shown different trends. In some developed countries, the number of museums has been steadily increasing. For example, in European countries like France and the United Kingdom, there is a long - established tradition of museum building, and new museums continue to emerge, often with the support of government policies and private donations. In contrast, in some developing regions, the growth of museums may be relatively slow due to limited economic resources and lack of cultural infrastructure construction.When it comes to the number of visitors, art museums and history museums generally attract a large number of visitors. Famous museums such as the Louvre in France and the British Museum in the United Kingdom are always crowded with tourists from all over the world. The main factor influencing the number of visitors is the richness of the collection. These well - known museums have a large number of precious artworks and historical relics, which are very attractive to the public. In addition, location, marketing and ticket prices also play a role. For newly - established small museums, they may face the problem of insufficient visitors. For example, some local small - scale history museums may lack sufficient publicity, and their collections are not as rich as those of large -scale famous museums, so the number of visitors is relatively small.There is a certain relationship between the number of museums and the number of visitors. On the one hand, a large number of museums provide more choices for the public to visit. On the other hand, the popularity of some museums also encourages the construction of more museums in related fields. However, it should be noted that simply increasing the number of museums does not necessarily mean an increase in the number of visitors. Only by constantly improving the quality of exhibitions, enriching collections and strengthening publicity can museums attract more visitors.2In recent years, the number of museums around the world has been on the rise. In some large cities, there may be dozens or even hundreds of museums, ranging from art museums to history museums, science museums and so on. For example, in Paris, there are a large number of world - famous museums.When it comes to the number of visitors to museums, it shows various situations. In some popular tourist seasons or special exhibition periods, the number of visitors can increase significantly. For instance, during the summer vacation, many families choose to take their children to visit museums, which leads to a sharp rise in the number of visitors.The number of museums has a certain impact on the number ofvisitors. In cities with a high density of museums, such as London, due to the large number of museums, visitors are likely to be dispersed among different museums. Each museum needs to use its unique collections and exhibitions to attract visitors. However, in areas where museums are scarce, a newly - opened museum may attract a large number of tourists at once. Because people in these areas have fewer choices, and they are more eager to experience the cultural and artistic atmosphere in the museum. In general, the relationship between the number of museums and the number of visitors is complex and interactive.3In modern society, there is a great diversity in the number of museums. Public museums, which are often funded by the government, are widespread, aiming to preserve and display the nation's heritage and culture. Meanwhile, private museums are also on the rise, with some collectors opening their collections to the public. These private ones may focus on more specific areas like modern art or rare antiques.When it comes to the number of visitors, it also shows great variety. People of different age groups and with different interests visit museums. Children may be attracted to science museums or children - centered museums, while the elderly might prefer traditional art or historical museums. Young people with an interest in fashion may visit fashion - related exhibitions in museums.There is a clear connection between the number of museums and the number of visitors. For example, if more children - friendly museums are established, it will surely draw more families with kids to visit. On the other hand, if the number of historical museums decreases, the number of history lovers visiting museums will likely decline. Museums should thus be aware of this relationship and strive to maintain a balance between their own development and attracting different types of visitors.4In recent years, the number of museums around the world has generally shown an expanding trend. Governments and various organizations are increasingly aware of the significance of museums in cultural preservation, education, and tourism promotion. More and more museums are being established, ranging from art museums to science and technology museums.Regarding the number of visitors, it is a complex and fluctuating situation. In some popular tourist destinations, the number of visitors to museums has been on the rise steadily. This can be attributed to factors such as the growth of tourism, enhanced public awareness of cultural heritage, and the increasing popularity of educational tourism. For example, in a city like Paris, which attracts a large number of tourists every year, the Louvre Museum is always crowded with visitors from all over the world. However, in some areas, the number of visitors to certain types of museumsmay be decreasing. For instance, some small - scale local history museums may face a decline in the number of visitors due to lack of promotion or competition from more popular attractions.In order to better meet the needs of the public, it is necessary to adjust the number of museums according to the number of visitors. In areas where the number of tourists is increasing but the number of museums is insufficient, more museums should be built. This can not only meet the needs of tourists to visit, but also promote the local cultural industry. On the contrary, for those types of museums with a continuous decline in the number of visitors, the plan to build new ones of the same type should be carefully considered. Maybe more efforts should be made to transform and upgrade the existing museums to attract more visitors.5Museums play an important role in our society. In general, the distribution of the number of museums varies in different areas. In the city center, there are usually a larger number of museums compared to the suburbs. This is mainly because the city center has more resources, greater population density and better infrastructure.When it comes to the distribution characteristics of the number of visitors, there are significant differences between weekdays and weekends. On weekdays, the number of visitors is relatively small. People are often occupied with work or study, so they have less time to visit museums.However, on weekends, the number of visitors increases significantly as people have more free time.There is a mutual influence between the number of museums and the number of visitors. For example, museums located in areas with convenient transportation, which are mostly in the city center, tend to have a large number of museums and also attract a large number of visitors. In contrast, in remote areas where there are fewer museums, the number of visitors is also relatively small. This is because people are less likely to travel a long distance to visit a museum in a remote area. In conclusion, the number of museums and the number of visitors are closely related and influence each other.。
高二英语旅游产业发展的趋势洞察练习题30题含答案解析1.Tourism is a major source of income for many countries. The word “tourism” is a/an _____.A.nounB.verbC.adjective答案解析:A。
“tourism”是“旅游业”的意思,是一个名词。
B 选项“verb”是动词;C 选项“adjective”是形容词。
2.Many people are attracted by the beautiful ____ of the beach.A.sceneB.sceneryC.view答案解析:B。
“scenery”指“风景,景色”,是不可数名词;“scene”指“场景,情景”;“view”侧重于从某个角度看到的景色。
3.The tourist ____ the local culture by visiting museums and historical sites.A.experiencesB.enjoysC.appreciates答案解析:A。
“experience”有“体验”之意;“enjoy”是“享受”;“appreciate”是“欣赏”。
这里“体验当地文化”更符合语境。
4.The hotel offers excellent ____ to its guests.A.servicesB.servantsC.serves答案解析:A。
“service”是“服务”的意思,可数名词;“servant”是“仆人”;“serve”是动词“服务”。
5.The tourist destination is famous for its ____ landscapes.A.magnificentB.magnificentlyC.magnify答案解析:A。
“magnificent”是形容词“壮丽的”;“magnificently”是副词;“magnify”是动词“放大”。
想了解中国学生及家人出行英语作文全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Want to Know about Chinese Students and Families TravelingIntroductionWith the rise of globalization, more and more Chinese students and their families are traveling abroad for various reasons such as education, business, and tourism. This trend has led to increased cultural exchange and communication between China and other countries. In this article, we will delve into the experiences and preferences of Chinese students and their families when traveling abroad.Chinese Students AbroadChinese students studying abroad often face a multitude of challenges, including language barriers, cultural differences, and homesickness. However, many students view studying abroad as an invaluable opportunity to broaden their horizons, gain international exposure, and improve their language skills.When it comes to travel preferences, Chinese students tend to prioritize safety, affordability, and convenience. They often opt for group tours or travel packages that provide a structured itinerary and organized activities. Additionally, Chinese students value destinations that offer easy access to transportation, medical services, and communication facilities.Furthermore, Chinese students are keen on exploring new cultures, trying different cuisines, and engaging in outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and water sports. They also enjoy shopping for souvenirs and gifts to bring back home for their friends and family.Chinese Families Traveling AbroadChinese families traveling abroad usually consist of parents, children, and sometimes grandparents. Family trips are seen as a way to bond, create lasting memories, and expose children to different cultures and traditions.Chinese families often prioritize safety, comfort, and authenticity when planning their trips. They tend to choose destinations that offer family-friendly accommodations,child-friendly facilities, and cultural activities suitable for all ages. Furthermore, Chinese families prefer destinations with clean air, scenic landscapes, and a peaceful environment.In terms of travel activities, Chinese families enjoy visiting famous landmarks, museums, zoos, and theme parks. They also appreciate opportunities to participate in traditional ceremonies, festivals, and performances. Shopping at local markets, trying exotic foods, and engaging in outdoor adventures are also popular choices for Chinese families.Tips for Traveling with Chinese Students and FamiliesIf you are planning to travel with Chinese students or families, here are some tips to help you make the most of your trip:1. Learn basic Mandarin phrases to communicate with Chinese travelers effectively.2. Respect Chinese customs and traditions, such as bowing when greeting elders and removing shoes before entering a home.3. Be mindful of dietary restrictions and preferences, such as avoiding pork and offering vegetarian options.4. Provide clear directions, instructions, and recommendations to help Chinese travelers navigate unfamiliar places.5. Embrace cultural differences and be open to trying new experiences with Chinese travelers.ConclusionIn conclusion, Chinese students and families traveling abroad have unique preferences, experiences, and expectations that reflect their cultural background and values. By understanding and accommodating these differences, travelers can create meaningful connections and enriching experiences with Chinese travelers. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, it is essential to foster cross-cultural understanding and cooperation to promote mutual respect and harmony among global citizens.篇2Understanding Chinese students and their families' travel habitsIntroductionTraveling has become an integral part of people's lives in today's world. It not only provides individuals with an opportunity to see new places and experience different cultures, but also serves as a means of relaxation and escape from the daily routine. Chinese students and their families are noexception when it comes to traveling. In this essay, we will explore the travel habits of Chinese students and their families, as well as the factors that influence their travel decisions.Travel habits of Chinese studentsChinese students, whether studying domestically or abroad, are increasingly taking an interest in traveling. This can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, many Chinese students see travel as a way to relax and recharge after a long period of studying. Traveling allows them to explore new destinations, try different cuisines, and engage in leisure activities.Secondly, traveling also presents Chinese students with an opportunity to practice their English language skills. Many Chinese students see travel as a way to improve their language proficiency by interacting with native English speakers and immersing themselves in an English-speaking environment.Moreover, traveling is also a way for Chinese students to experience different cultures and broaden their horizons. By visiting different countries and interacting with people from diverse backgrounds, Chinese students can gain a better understanding of the world and develop a more global outlook.Factors influencing travel decisionsWhen it comes to travel decisions, Chinese students and their families consider various factors. One of the most important factors is cost. Chinese families often prioritize affordability when planning a trip, as they seek to maximize their travel experience while staying within a budget.Another factor that influences travel decisions is safety. Chinese students and their families place a high value on safety when choosing a travel destination. They prefer destinations that are considered safe and secure, where they can enjoy their trip without worrying about potential risks or dangers.Additionally, Chinese students and their families also take into account the cultural and recreational opportunities offered by a destination. They are attracted to destinations that offer a mix of cultural sights, natural attractions, and leisure activities, allowing them to have a well-rounded travel experience.ConclusionIn conclusion, Chinese students and their families are increasingly embracing travel as a way to relax, learn, and explore. Through traveling, they can improve their language skills, broaden their horizons, and create lasting memories. By understanding the travel habits and factors that influence theirtravel decisions, we can better cater to their needs and provide them with a more enriching travel experience.篇3Exploring China: Understanding Chinese Students and Their Families' Travel HabitsIntroduction:As the world becomes more interconnected, travel has become an integral part of people's lives. Chinese students and their families are no exception, with many of them traveling within China and abroad for various reasons. In this article, we will delve into the travel habits of Chinese students and their families, and what motivates them to explore new destinations.Traveling Within China:Chinese students and their families are known for their love of exploration and adventure. When it comes to traveling within China, many choose to visit popular tourist destinations such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Xi'an. These cities are not only rich in history and culture but also offer a wide range of attractions and activities for tourists to enjoy.Additionally, Chinese students and their families often visit rural areas and smaller cities to experience the country's natural beauty and traditional way of life. National parks, mountains, and ancient villages are popular destinations for those seeking a more authentic travel experience.Traveling Abroad:In recent years, an increasing number of Chinese students and their families have been traveling abroad for leisure, education, and business purposes. Countries such as the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom are popular choices for those seeking a Western experience.Many Chinese students choose to study abroad to broaden their horizons, improve their language skills, and gain exposure to different cultures. This trend has led to a significant increase in the number of Chinese students studying in foreign universities and colleges.Traveling for Family Bonding:For Chinese families, traveling is not just about sightseeing but also about bonding and creating lasting memories. Family trips are a common tradition in Chinese culture, with manyfamilies taking vacations together during holidays and special occasions.Traveling with family members allows Chinese students to spend quality time with their loved ones and strengthen their relationships. Whether it's a weekend getaway to a nearby city or a month-long trip to a foreign country, Chinese families cherish the time they spend together exploring new places and creating shared memories.Conclusion:In conclusion, the travel habits of Chinese students and their families are deeply rooted in a love of adventure, exploration, and family bonding. Whether traveling within China or abroad, they seek to broaden their horizons, experience new cultures, and create unforgettable memories. By understanding the motivations behind their travel habits, we can gain valuable insights into the unique perspectives and values of Chinese students and their families.Travel has become an important part of life for many individuals, and it is no different for Chinese students and their families. By exploring the various reasons for their travels, we can gain a deeper understanding of their culture and values. Ultimately, travel is a means of connecting with theworld and creating lasting memories that will be cherished for years to come.。
乡村主题民宿国外文献Title: Rural-themed Homestays: A review of International LiteratureAbstract:1. Introduction:2. Characteristics of Rural-themed Homestays:2.1. Authentic Rural Experience:2.2. Personalized Hospitality:Unlike traditional hotels, rural-themed homestays provide personalized hospitality, enabling tourists to interact closely with the hosts and other guests. The literature emphasizes the role of interpersonal engagement in enhancing the overall experience and fostering cultural exchange.2.3. Preserving and Showcasing Local Culture:Rural-themed homestays contribute to the preservation and showcasing of local culture, heritage, and crafts. Through promoting traditional practices and providing visitors with firsthand insights into local traditions, rural homestays help safeguard intangible cultural heritage.3. Benefits of Rural-themed Homestays:3.1. Economic Benefits:3.2. Environmental Benefits:3.3. Social Benefits:4. Challenges and Concerns:4.1. Infrastructure and Accessibility:4.2. Capacity Building and Training:5. Factors Influencing tourists' choice of Rural-themed Homestays:5.1. Authenticity:Tourists are inclined to choose rural-themed homestays in pursuit of authentic experiences that allow them to connect with local traditions and the natural environment.5.2. Unique Experiences:5.3. Cultural Immersion:Conclusion:Rural-themed homestays have received increasing attention worldwide, providing unique experiences that contribute to the preservation of culture, economic development, and sustainable tourism. Understanding the characteristics, benefits, challenges, and factors influencing tourist choices is crucial for unlocking the potential of rural homestays and promoting sustainable rural development.。
Syllabus for undergraduate of OUCCourse name:Simulated Course For Tour GuidesCourse time:40 hoursCourse teacher:Li Ping1.Course OverviewSimulated Course For Tour Guides is an elective course in Technical Expertise Module for the second year students majoring in Tourism Management. This course focuses on the tour guide working procedure and the skills for tour guides. As a bilingual course, this course will be given both in Chinese and English. The course consists of four parts: Introduction of tour guide service, working procedure,composition and presentation and tour guide’s skills.2.Student Learning Outcomes1) To know the basic concepts and theories about tour guide service2)To learn the working procedure of tour guide, know how to do the work correctly.3)To learn how to make guide commentary of tourist attractions in Chinese and English;4)To learn how to introduce Chinese traditional culture to foreigners.3.Course Expectations1)Everyone should take part in the class activities and finish the group task with joint work.2)Everyone should give at least one presentation in class to give tour- 1 -commentary and get the marks.3)Students should be active and interested in the analysis of case study and are able to solve problems with their own mastered tourism knowledge. 4.AssignmentsAll students are divided into several groups,and they finish the task with group work .5.Books To Purchase[1] A Stimulated Course for Tour Guides, Ling Baorong, Higher Education Press,2008.[2]Basic Knowledge for Tour Guides, Textbook for Tour Guides Certificate, China Tourism Press, 2016.[3]Tour Guide Business, Textbook for Tour Guides Certificate, China Tourism Press, 2016.[4]Policies and Regulations, Textbook for Tour Guides Certificate, China Tourism Press, 2016.6.Grading PolicyClosed Exam- 1 -7.Course Calendar- 1 -- 1 -。
The IUP Journal of Brand Management, V ol. VII, Nos. 1 & 2, 2010116© 2010 IUP . All Rights Reserved.Factors Influencing Choice of T ourist Destinations:A Study of North IndiaNeeraj Kaushik 1, Jyoti Kaushik 2, Priyanka Sharma 3 and Savita Rani 4India’s share in international tourist arrivals, which was 0.34% in 2002, is expected to reach1.5% by 2010 and is forecasted to generate $42.8 bn by 2017. Indian government is putting in a lot of effort to revamp the Indian tourism industry. The states of Rajasthan, Kerala and Himachal Pradesh have promoted their tourist spots on a worldwide basis. Other tourist destinations like Amritsar, Kurukshetra, Salasar and Khatushyam ji are also coming up as acclaimed tourist spots.In the present study, an attempt has been made to determine which factors are considered more important by tourists while selecting their destination. Seven factors have been extracted by factor analysis, and ANOVA has been used to check their relationships with the demographic variables.A model has been established to predict customer satisfaction on the basis of the factors obtained.1Assistant Professor , The T echnological Institute of T extile & Sciences, Bhiwani, India. E-mail: kaushikneeraj@ 2MBA Student, The T echnological Institute of T extile & Sciences, Bhiwani, India. E-mail: kaushik.jyoti4@ 3MBA Student, The Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences, Bhiwani, India.E-mail: priyankasharma984@4MBA Student, The T echnological Institute of T extile & Sciences, Bhiwani, India. E-mail: savita1987@ IntroductionT ravel and tourism in India has now become a significant industry which provides employment to about 41.8 million people (Chopra, 2008). Its contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 6.0% ($67.3 bn) in 2009 and is expected to be $187.3 bn by 2019.1 The recent “Indian T ourism Industry Forecast (2007-2011)” mentions that in India, inbound tourist expenditure per head is third highest in the world, even more than the global average tourist spending, and tourist influx to India is expected to increase at a CAGR of 22.65% between 2007 and 2011.2 According to the Ministry of T ourism, during the month of March 2009, Foreign T ourist Arrivals (FTAs) were 472,000 and the decline in FTAs may be mainly due to the ongoing global financial meltdown. FTAs during January-March 2009 were at 1.461 million.3India’s share in international tourist arrivals, which was 0.34% in 2002, has increased to 0.49% during 2005 and is expected to reach 1.5% by 2010.4 According to the T ravel and T ourism Competitiveness Report 2009 brought out by the W orld Economic Forum, India /reports/513587/indian_tourism_industry_forecast_2007_2011.pdf 2Ibid.3/artid=224904Ibid. 1 & 3.117Factors InfluencingChoice of T ourist Destinations: A Study of North India is ranked 11th in the Asia-Pacific region and 62nd overall in a list of 133 assessed countries in 2008, up three places since 2007.The states of Rajasthan, Kerala and Himachal Pradesh have promoted their tourist spots on a worldwide basis. Other tourist destinations are also coming up. Recently, the Indian tourism industry has specified tourism policy which is based on certain core nationalistic ideals and standards: Swagat or welcome, Sahyog or cooperation, Soochna or information, Sanrachna or infrastructure, Suvidha or facilities, Safaai or cleanliness and Surakasha or security.5Any tourist destination comprises complex product mix of natural resources,infrastructure, services provided, distinctive local features, cultural attributes, and historical importance (Macintosh and Goeldner, 1990; Inskeep, 1991; and Kim, 1998).T ourism products can be analyzed in terms of attractiveness, facilities and accessibility (Macintosh and Goeldner, 1990; and Jha, 1995). Attractions are the major factors which generate tourist flow to a particular location. Facilities include infrastructure and it is a hygiene factor (presence of which do not create any motivation but absence of which refrains tourists from visiting), accessibility is related to the mode of transportation and also includes climatic conditions in some cases. It is best interpreted in terms of time and cost to reach the destination (Das et al., 2007).Conceptualization of HypothesesVarious studies have been carried out to determine on what basis tourists perceive some places to be more attractive than others. Hu and Ritchie (1993) observed that attractiveness of a destination is based on the feelings, beliefs and opinions of tourists about the perceived capacity of destination to provide satisfaction. Gearing et al ., 1974;Ritchie and Zins, 1978; and T ang and Rochananond, 1990 studied the relationship of attractiveness of a destination vis-à-vis various attributes of tourist destinations. Studies on gap analysis between perceptions and expectations on different attributes were conducted by Cho (1998) and Chaudhary (2000).Perceived attractiveness of a destination depends on the psychological, social and economic characteristics of tourists; hence different tourists gave different weightage to the various factors on the basis of their socioeconomic background. The empirical study conducted by Das et al . (2007) showed that various socioeconomic characteristics of tourists significantly influenced their expectation level. In the present study, the following hypotheses have been formulated:H 01:Gender of the tourists is significantly related to the different factors that the tourists consider while choosing a tourist destination.H 02:Age of the tourists is significantly related to the different factors that the tourists consider while choosing a tourist destination.5/features/article.php3?fl=021*********118H03:Background of the tourists is significantly related to the different factors that the tourists consider while choosing a tourist destination.H04:Occupation of the tourists is significantly related to the different factors that the tourists consider while choosing a tourist destination.H05:Income of the tourists is significantly related to the different factors that the tourists consider while choosing a tourist destination.Research MethodologyObjectives of the Study•The main objective of the present study is to determine the factors responsible for determining the attractiveness of a tourist destination in north India.•T o determine whether these factors are affected by the demographics of tourists.•T o predict a model for forecasting the customer’s satisfaction on the basis of various factors.Locale of the StudyIn the present study, the states of Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan were considered. T ourists from various cities like, Kurukshetra (Haryana), Amritsar (Punjab), Shimla and Manali (Himachal Pradesh), and Salasar and Khatushyam ji (Rajasthan) were approached. These places represent hilly areas, spiritual sites and honeymoon destinations. The study was conducted in 2009 in the months of May, June and July.Sampling and Sample SizeA descriptive study was conducted to achieve the objectives. Judgmental sampling method was followed. The study was conducted on 200 respondents but 13 questionnaires were rejected due to inadequate information. Therefore, the analysis was conducted on 187 respondents.Survey InstrumentW ell-structured questionnaire was developed for conducting the study. Questionnaire had two sections. First section contained questions regarding demographic profile of the tourist, while the second section contained a list of 21 statements pertaining to various attributes of tourist destinations. The attributes and statements were collected from literature review. Respondent has to just tick one parameter of each statement depending on whether the respondent feels the statement to be, “Not Important (score 1)”, “Neutral (score 2)” or “Important (score 3)”. Thus, a higher mean score implies that the respondent favors that particular statement. The questionnaire was pre-tested on a sample of 20 respondents and was found suitable. The questionnaire was prepared in Hindi and English as in some places of Rajasthan people are not comfortable with the English language.The IUP Journal of Brand Management, V ol. VII, Nos. 1 & 2, 2010119Factors InfluencingChoice of T ourist Destinations: A Study of North India Respondents’ ProfileAlmost an equal proportion of male and female respondents were present in the sample with 58.3% being males and the rest being females. A majority of the respondents were from the age group of 21-27 (36.4%) followed by teenagers (26.7%). Around 64% of the tourists were from the urban background and the rest were from the rural background.Private employees constituted 22.5%, while 15.6% were government servants. A majority,i.e., 55.6%, included housewives, school-going children, farmers and retired people under the category ‘others’.In the income category, 42.8% of the respondents fall in the range of Rs. 20,000 to 30,000 while 36.4% fall in the range of Rs. 30,000 to 40,000. A clear majority of 64% opted for staying in the hotels at the tourist places, while almost 27% preferred to stay with friends/relatives or in inns and dharamshala s. Almost 70% of the tourists do not consult any tour operator while traveling.Data AnalysisObjective 1: T o Determine the Factors Responsible for Determining the Attractiveness of a T ourist Destination in North IndiaFactor analysis is a good way of identifying latent or underlying factors from an array of seemingly important variables. In a more general way, factor analysis is a set of techniques,which, by analyzing correlations between variables, reduces their number into fewer factors,which explain much of the original data, more economically (Nargundkar , 2008).T able 1: KMO And Bartlett’s T estKaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.0.686 Bartlett’s T est of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 833.126Degree of Freedom 210Significance .000Measures of sample adequacy such as Bartlett’s test of sphericity (approx. chi-square is 833.126, degree of freedom is 210, significance is 0.000) and KMO value (0.686) showed that data were fit for factor analysis. Principal Component Analysis along with varimax rotation method was used for extracting factors and seven factors were retained on the basis of eigenvalues and variance explained. Eigenvalue represents the total variance explained by each factor.The standard practice normally used is that all the factors with an eigenvalue of one or more should be extracted. T able 1 clearly shows that there are seven factors having eigenvalues more than 1 (in other words, a factor must explain at least as much of the variance if not more, than a single original variable). Thus, seven factors have been extracted which cumulatively explained 60.925% of the total variance. All the statements with factor loadings greater than 0.40 were considered in the corresponding factor. The name of the factors, variable labels and factor loadings are summarized in T able 2.The IUP Journal of Brand Management, V ol. VII, Nos. 1 & 2, 2010120T able 2 clearly depicts that Factor 1 is a linear combination of variable numbers 20, 11, 12, 1 and 4. Factor 2 is a linear combination of variable numbers 16, 17 and 19.Factor 3 is a linear combination of variable numbers 8, 7 and 2. Factor 4 is a linear combination of variable numbers 5 and 14. Factor 5 is a linear combination of variable numbers 13 and 21. Factor 6 is a linear combination of variable numbers 18, 3 and 10.Factor 7 is a linear combination of variable numbers 15 and 9. Statement 6 was dropped from the analysis as its factor loading was less than 0.4 for all factors.After the number of extracted factors is decided, the next task is to interpret and name the factors. This is done by the process of identifying the factors that are associated with the original variables. The rotated factor matrix is used for this purpose.T able 2: Factor AnalysisStatements Factors Loading ReliabilityFactor 120. Advertisement media 0.6470.812511. Availability of means of communication 0.59512. Historical importance of that place 0.5871. Recommendations of earlier visitors 0.5714. Recommendations of tour operators 0.541Factor 216. Facilities available at that place 0.7470.792217. Completion of purpose of visit 0.70719. Level of awareness 0.643Factor 38. Availability of suitable accommodation 0.7910.75467. T ransportation facilities to that place 0.7432. Safety measures of that place 0.511Factor 4 5. Scenic beauty/surrounding places 0.7700.671114. Main tourist attractions of the place 0.659Factor 521. Banking and support services 0.7370.647213. T ravel arrangements (travel agents and guides)0.549Factor 618. Distance from your place 0.6890.61153. The culture/languages of that place 0.55410. Number of tourists visiting that place 0.535Factor 715. Y our knowledge about the place 0.8030.60029. Climate/weather of that place 0.476Note:Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization; rotation converged in 11 iterations.121Factors InfluencingChoice of T ourist Destinations: A Study of North India Naming of the FactorsAll the factors have been given appropriate names according to the variables that have been loaded on each factor. The seven factors are discussed below:Factor 1: CommunicationThe rotated matrix has revealed that respondents have perceived this factor to be the most important factor with the highest explained variance of 11.664%. Five out of 21service features load on significantly to this factor. This factor has been named as communication as it includes statements like advertisement media; availability of means of communication, recommendations of earlier visitors and recommendations of tour operators. Hence, it can be concluded that communication about the places (including word of mouth) is the most crucial factor considered by the tourists.Factor 2: ObjectivityIt has been revealed to be the second most important factor with explained variance of 10.352%. Three features were loaded on to this factor. Facilities available at that place,completion of purpose of visit as well as level of awareness are highly loaded on this factor and thus researchers have named this factor as objectivity and this is the second most important factor influencing tourist’s choice of a particular place.Factor 3: Basic FacilitiesThis is the next important factor which accounts for 9.2% of the variance. Three types of features were loaded on to this factor: availability of suitable accommodation,transportation facilities, and safety measures.Factor 4: AttractionsT wo types of features load on to this factor and together account for 7.601% of the variance. This factor includes main tourist attractions and scenic beauty/surroundings.Thus the name attraction has been assigned to it.Factor 5: Support ServicesT wo types of features load on to this factor and together account for 7.518% of the variance. This factor includes banking and support services and travel arrangements (travel agents and guides).Factor 6: Distinctive Local FeaturesThree types of features load on to this factor and together account for 7.394% of the variance. This factor includes: distance from one’s place, the culture/languages of that place and the number of tourists visiting that place (which is the indirect advertisement as highlighted by the media).Factor 7: Psychological and Physical EnvironmentT wo types of features load on to this factor and together account for 7.197% of the variance. This factor includes the option of one’s knowledge about the place as well as the climate/weather of that place.The IUP Journal of Brand Management, Vol. VII, Nos. 1 & 2, 2010122Objective 2: T o Determine the Effect of Demographic V ariables on the Factors For achieving this objective, the null hypothesis that ‘there is no significant relationship between the demographic variables and the factors’ was taken and one way analysis of variance was used. Mean score was calculated for factors where significant relationship between independent and dependent variables (factors) was observed.Effect of Gender on FactorsNull hypothesis H 03 is partially rejected as it expounds that there is a significant relationship between the views of males and females on two factors: Communication and DescriptivesMean1. Communication Male 0.1575442Female –0.2201579T otal .04. Attractions Male –0.2150553Female 0.3005260T otal .0T able 3: Analysis of V ariance Between Genderand V arious Factors and Descriptive Mean Scores of V arious Factorsmunication 6.4861 6.486 6.6840.0102.Objectivity 2.8111 2.811 2.8390.0943.Basic Facilities 3.1801 3.180 3.2180.0744.Attractions 12.086112.08612.85605.Support Services 1.0001 1.000 1.0000.3196.Distinctive Local Features 0.89910.8990.8980.3447.Psychological and Physical Environment 2.1741 2.174 2.1880.141Sig.F MeanSquare df Sum ofSquares Between GroupsANOVAAttractions (T able 3). From the descriptive analysis, it is evident that the males have given more importance to communication and females have given more importance to attractions. The reasons for this may be that in Indian families, males have the responsibility of making programs for any destination and for that they need all the information. Females on the other hand give more importance to tourist attraction points like scenic beauty, etc.123Factors Influencing Choiceof T ourist Destinations: A Study of North India T able 4: Analysis of V ariance Between Age and V arious Factorsand Descriptive Mean Scores of V arious Factorsmunication 36.57957.3168.8620.0002.Objectivity 11.5575 2.311 2.3980.0393.Basic Facilities 12.3275 2.465 2.5690.0284.Attractions 16.5485 3.310 3.5350.0045.Support Services 35.27257.0548.4710.0006.Distinctive Local Features 5.8505 1.170 1.1760.3237.Ps y c ho l o g i c a l a nd Phy s i c a l Env i r o nme nt 20.3175 4.063 4.4390.001Sig.F MeanSquare df Sum of Squares Between GroupsANOVADescriptivesmunication 14-200.34771272.Objectivity 14-20–0.356322521-270.317637221-270.176235328-34–0.591238928-34–0.080022535-41–0.491015435-410.345376142-48–0.373806242-480.0712746Above 48–0.8467192Above 48–0.11058813.Basic Facilities 14-200.05157704.Attractions 14-20–0.338560321-270.188736421-270.163834728-340.111123628-34–0.397877435-41–0.396472335-410.067617842-480.018833242-480.4537936Above 48–0.6739513Above 480.48386735. Support Services 14-20–0.13652287.Psychological 14-200.262981821-270.0457557and Physical21-27–0.207300128-34–0.7889942Environment 28-34–0.079843635-410.719554735-410.613521842-480.717914642-48–0.4607922Above 48–0.4913858Above 48–0.4289627The IUP Journal of Brand Management, V ol. VII, Nos. 1 & 2, 2010124Effect of Age on FactorsNull hypothesis H 02 is partially rejected as age is found to be significantly related to all but one factor (Distinctive Local Features). Respondents from the age group of 14-20 and 21-27 have given more importance to communication, while that from the age group of 35-41 have given more importance to objectivity; all categories except the respondents from the age group of 35-41 and above 48 have given more importance to basic facilities (T able 4).Respondents between the age group of 42 and 48 have considered the attribute attractions as the most important factor and respondents from the age group of 35-41 and 42-48 have given more importance to support services; also respondents from the age group of 35-41 have given importance to psychological and physical environment. The difference in their preference is due to the stage of life cycle of the respondent. Every age group has different responsibilities as well as objectives. Hence, importance of factors also changes with time.Effect of Background on FactorsNull hypothesis H 03 is also partially rejected as it is observed that two factors Communication and Distinctive Local Features have significant relationship with the DescriptivesMeanmunication Rural –0.3316776Urban 0.18551867T otal .06.Distinctive Local Features Rural –0.2698210Urban 0.1506500T otal .0T able 5: Analysis of V ariance Between Backgroundand V arious Factors and Descriptive Mean Scores of V arious Factorsmunication 11.486111.48612.1760.0012.Objectivity 0.01110.0110.0110.9163.Basic Facilities 0.20010.2000.1990.6564.Attractions 0.08310.0830.0820.7745.Support Services 0.43210.4320.4310.5126.Distinctive Local Features7.60117.6017.8830.0067.Psychological and Physical Environment 0.87410.8740.8730.351Sig.F MeanSquare df Sum ofSquares Between GroupsANOVA125FactorsInfluencingChoice of T ourist Destinations: A Study of North India background. It was observed that urban tourists gave more importance to these two factors (T able 5). The rural people visit tourist destinations only on special occasions whereas urban people go along with the trend of enjoying their weekends at some tourist place,hence for them communication is more important. Secondly, while collecting data, it was observed that rural people visit more places of spiritual importance and hence are well aware about the distinctive local features whereas urban respondents give more importance to this factor as they try to visit new places.Effect of Occupation on FactorsNull hypothesis H 04 is also partially rejected as occupation was found to be significantly related with the factor Communication. Surprisingly, ‘others category’ which includesstudents, housewives and retired people has given more importance to communication factor than any other category (T able 6). The reason being that these people try to look for the best possible time and deal while visiting tourist destinations. For students and housewives, the leisure time is only when there are vacations in schools; hence they keep an update of all the advertisements and recommendations from operators and earlier visitors.DescriptivesMeanmunication Govt. Employee –0.3647623Pvt. Employee –0.5018075Own Business –0.4474448Others 0.3559938T otal 0.T able 6: Analysis of V ariance Between Occupationand V arious Factors and Descriptive Mean Scores of V arious Factorsmunication 30.017310.00611.7390.0002.Objectivity3.9693 1.323 1.3300.2663.Basic Facilities 2.16030.7200.7170.5434.Attractions 3.1253 1.042 1.0420.3755.Support Services 0.50230.1670.1650.9206.Distinctive Local Features 3.3283 1.109 1.1110.3467.Psychological and Physical Environment 5.6183 1.873 1.9000.131Sig.F MeanSquare df Sum ofSquares Between GroupsANOVAThe IUP Journal of Brand Management, Vol. VII, Nos. 1 & 2, 2010126DescriptivesMean3.Basic Facilities 10,000-20,0000.426988620,001-30,0000.040091730,001-40,0000.0541389>40,001–2.188724.Attractions 10,000-20,0000.322967120,001-30,000–0.181401530,001-40,000–0.0041536>40,0010.56728355.Support Services 10,000-20,0000.180948420,001-30,000–0.265475130,001-40,0000.2290587>40,0010.02595146.Distinctive Local Features 10,000-20,000–0.514625120,001-30,000–0.137700630,001-40,0000.2943669>40,0010.71531687.Psychological and Physical 10,000-20,001–0.1318953Environment 20,001-30,000–0.000550930,001-40,0000.2275992>40,001–1.27509T able 7: Analysis of V ariance Between Monthly Family Incomeand V arious Factors and Descriptive Mean Scores of V arious Factorsmunication 7.29932.433 2.4920.0622.Objectivity 4.3553 1.452 1.4630.2263.Basic Facilities 48.912316.30421.7640.0004.Attractions 8.6593 2.886 2.9790.0335.Support Services 10.1943 3.398 3.5370.0166.Distinctive Local Features 19.9603 6.6537.3330.0007.Psychological and Physical Environment 18.6773 6.226 6.8090.000Sig.F MeanSquare df Sum ofSquares Between GroupsANOVA127FactorsInfluencing Choiceof T ourist Destinations: A Study of North India Effect of Monthly Family Income on FactorsNull hypothesis H 05 is also partially rejected as it is observed that except two factors (Communication and Objectivity), all other factors are significantly related with monthlyfamily income of the respondents (T able 7).Descriptive mean analysis suggests that respondents under the income category of morethan Rs. 40,000 give less importance to basic facilities as they have their ownarrangements and they do not bother about accommodation, transportation, etc.Respondents from the income category between Rs. 20,000 and Rs. 40,000 have given lessimportance to attractions, i.e., scenic beauty and tourist attractions because it wasobserved that middle-class people try to cover many destinations in one tour. So, they aremainly concerned about travelling to more places in a few days instead of enjoying thescenic beauty of a particular tourist place. Similarly, respondents from the income categoryof Rs. 30,000 and above have given more importance to distinctive local features andpsychological and physical environment factors.Objective 3: T o Predict a Model for Forecasting the Customer’s Satisfaction on the Basis of V arious FactorsFor predicting a model, Step-wise Discriminant Analysis was used using seven factors asindependent variables and ‘are you satisfied with your visit?’, as dependent variable. Outof the seven factors, only two factors were entered and five were removed. Both theentered variables are significant at 5% (T able 8).T able 8: V ariables Entered/Removed a,b,c1 2. Objectivity 6.8801138.0000.0102 4. Attractions 5.6932137.0000.004Wilks’ LambdaStatistic Step Entered Exact Fdf1df2Sig.Note:At each step, the variable that minimizes the overall Wilks’ Lambda is entered.a Maximum number of steps is 14.b Minimum partial F to enter is 3.84.c Maximum partial F to remove is 2.71.This implies that though there are several factors which tourists consider, forpredicting whether they are satisfied or not only two are representative: Objectivity andAttractions.Canonical Discriminant Function coefficients yield coefficients of various factors(T able 9). The discriminant equation is as follows:Discriminant score = 0.78 (Objectivity) + 0.695 (Attractions) – 0.024Group centroid values are used to compare the score of discriminant equation(Table 10). T aking the average of the two, the discriminant score comes to –0.12. IfThe IUP Journal of Brand Management, Vol. VII, Nos. 1 & 2, 2010128the score of the equation is greater than –0.12 then the tourists are expected to besatisfied and if the score is less than –0.12 then they are not expected to be satisfied.The classification results provide the strength of discriminant equation (T able 11). Thetourists were divided into two groups using Bernoulli function and 70% of the cases wereselected for predicting discriminant equation. The rest of the 30% cases were used forchecking the strength of discriminant equation. Almost 71% of the selected cases werecorrectly classified and 76.6% of the unselected cases were correctly classified.Discriminant equation correctly classifying the cases more than 80% are considered good(Malhotra, 2007). So the results are almost good.Function 12.Objectivity 0.7804.Attractions 0.695(Constant)–0.024T able 9: Canonical DiscriminantFunction Coefficients Note: Unstandardized Coefficients.Are you satisfied with your visit?Function 1Y es 0.194No –0.423T able 10: Functions at Group CentroidsNote: Unstandardized canonical discriminant functionsevaluated at group means.DiscussionThe present study was undertaken with the objective of determining the factors that areconsidered important by the tourists while selecting their destinations. Factor analysissuggests that there are seven factors namely: communication, objectivity, basic facilities,attraction, support services, distinctive local features and psychological and physicalenvironment that tourists deem important. All the factors cumulatively explain 60.925%of the total variance which is considered good in social sciences.The first factor, ‘communication’, involves advertisement media, availability of meansof communication, at that place, historical importance of that place, recommendationsfrom earlier visitors and tour operators. In recent years, a new version of Indian tourism T able 11: Classification Results a,bCases Selected Original Y es 88896No 331144Cased Not Selected Original Y es 33235No 9312Predicted GroupMembership T otalY es NoAre you satisfied with your visit?Note:a 70.7% of selected original grouped cases correctly classified.b 76.6% of unselected original grouped cases correctly classified.Count。