6 Facts To Know About Illegal Immigration In US

Keny (Kaining Shan)ESL 430December 6, 2015Illegal ImmigrationIn this essay, I am going to discuss illegal immigrants. At the beginning, let’s talk about what the illegal immigrant is. Illegal immigration refers to non-citizens across the border through illegal ways. The term usually implies a lot of social problems. Such as economic, social welfare, education, crime, public welfare, health insurance, and human rights. For their own people, illegal immigrants often considered a threat to the traditional culture, because they occupy public facilities, a substantial increase in government spending but did not pay taxes, or only a few people pay taxes. This impact of local people and hur t local people’s jobs. For citizens, with the increase in the number of illegal immigrants, social welfare also will be diluted and decline. However, I am on the side of opposing illegal immigrants.In fact, the welfare tends to be a problem that caused by illegal immigrants, andthis isthe crisis ofthe American governmentadministrative efficiency, but also involves socialfairness and justice.Undocumentedillegal residentsshould also havehuman rights, whichissympathetic tothelegalizationof thepipelineto providethem, letthempay taxeslegally, obtainidentity, to become citizens. But before their identity become legal, how could those illegal immigrants share government benefits with other citizens, who have paid everything? This is also related the government poorefficiency and ability. Children of illegal immigrants born in the United States, according to the law, they should count as a US citizen. Citizen has the entitlements, and it should not be against because of their illegal parents. But in the case of illegal immigrants or over stayers, who just "born" their children, and regardless of the "raise" them could be count as illegal. Many undocumented immigrant family burn for four or five children, and starting with birth, milk, schooling, monthly living expenses, all rely on government supply, is that seems justice and fairness? What is the obligation of all taxpayers to support these “illegal immigrants”? However, this is obviously unfair and unreasonable.For next main problem, the economy seems another serious problem. The United Stateson the issue ofillegal immigrationhas a verylivelydebate, the center of thecontroversyhas acritical question: whetherimmigrantson the economyis good or bad?Whetherthe problemof illegal workersstoleAmericanjobs, and in my viewthis is notaone to oneinexchange, that is, we couldn’t say thatillegal immigrantsgetajobmeanslawful permanentresidentorcitizenlosethisjob, butwe havethedataand the researchshowed thattheredoes existajobdrain.With thelarge number of immigrants, especiallyillegalimmigrants came tothe United States, more and more Americanscannot find jobsorleave thelabor forceisthe presenceof illegal workersso that theseAmericansaredecliningwages and benefits, and it will cause dissatisfaction around native people, and intensify more and more problems between citizens and illegal immigrants.Therefore, the vast majority ofthe American publicbelieve thatillegal immigrationis bad, no matter from the economy part or the welfare part. The reason of that might because illegal immigrants pay nothing, but they are trying to take every benefit from native people. But if we change to another side to look at those illegal immigrants, we could find something interesting. In a recent"New York Times" and"CBSNews"poll, 74% of participants believe thatillegalimmigrantsweakened the USeconomy,whileonly 17percent saidillegal immigrantsstrengthentheUS economy.Mostofthe consensusof economistsis thatimmigrants, whether legal orillegal, have a role in promotingeconomicallygeneratedslight. Illegalimmigrationprovides acheaperlabor force, sothepricesare reduced, but also allow consumers tobe able torestmore money.In thecoming decades, there will be large numbers of Americansretire, theywill complementthe workforce, and to helpfinance theirwelfare.Come to the end, things always have two sides, one is positive and one is negative. It depends on which side do we think about that event. Illegal immigrants bring U.S native people many troubles, which looks like trying to steal their jobs, or lie to the government, or to say economy problems and social problems. In some way, people might think that is not a big deal, because that just happen in local. However, small mistakes could make a big trouble. Illegal immigrants could affect U.S a lot in a positive way, and it also can bring U.S a huge trouble someday in the future. Besides on those reasons, I would like to say I do not agree with the illegal immigrants. Words: 790。

1、He has been trying to _____ relations between the two countries.Areforming Bassume Cholding Dmend答案解析正确答案：D解析：句子翻译为：他一直在努力____两国关系。

根据题意，try to do，此处应该使用动词原形。

A. 改革、变革，B. 认为、假设，C. 抓住、拿住，D. 修理、修补，只有D符合题意2、My calculations were based on the _____ that house prices would remain steady.Aprofit Blandholder Creformer Dassumption答案解析正确答案：D解析：句子翻译为：我的计算是基于这一____，即房价将保持稳定（基于房价将保持稳定这一假设）。

A. 利润，B. 土地持有人，C. 改革者，D. 假定，设想，只有D符合题意3、The details of the incident will be entered into the _____ for subsequent（后续的） investigation.Aform Bamendment Cfile Ddoom答案解析正确答案：C解析：句子翻译为：事故的详细情况将记入____以便后续调查。

A. 形式，B. 修正，修正案，C. 文件夹、文件，D. 厄运，只有C符合题意4、_____ is the place at an airport where you collect your cases and bags after a flightABaggage claim BThe Amendment of Constitution CReform andOpening DEconomic recession答案解析正确答案：A解析：句子翻译为：____是机场的一个地方，在那里你可以在飞行后取回（箱子和包）行李。

《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案Unit 3Unit 3Task 1【答案】A.1) Stress on the job costs American companies as much as $150 billion a year in lower productivity, unnecessary employee sick leave, and higher medical costs.2) The most stressful professions are those that involve danger and extreme pressure and those that carry a lot of responsibility without much control.3) The best way to deal with stress is through relaxation, but sometimes the only answer is to fight back or walk away.B.1) Three-quarters2) psychologists, doctors3) nervousness, anger, frequent illness, forgetfulness, mental problems【原文】Stress on the job costs American companies as much as $150 billion a year in lower productivity, unnecessary employee sick leave, and higher medical costs. Three-quarters of the office workers today say they suffer from stress at work. Recently, psychologists and doctors have begun to study the problem more closely. They have discovered that the most stressful professions are those that involve danger, extreme pressure and those that carry a lot of responsibility without muchcontrol.The sign of stress range from nervousness, anger, and frequent illness to forgetfulness or even mental problems. The best way to deal with stress is through relaxation, but sometimes the only answer is to fight back or walk away.Task 2【答案】A.1)give in so easily to hijackers’ demandsa) threaten to blow up a plane, commit some other outageb) hold out against this kind of blackmail, always have terrorists, Start executingterrorists automaticallyc)be prepared to face the consequences of evil2)a) It’s the lesser of two evils. Terrorists have proven often enough that they really mean business.b)Innocent lives, threatening the innocent will achieve its ends.B.She implies that if the first speaker was one of the victims of terrorism, she would want the government to give in to the demands so that she wouldn’t die.【原文】Margaret: Governments give in so easily to hijackers’ demands. A hijacker only has to threaten to blow up a plane or commit some other outrage, and a government gives in to his demands.Valerie: Naturally. It’s the less er of the two evils. What government would risk innocent lives just to see if terrorists will really do what they threaten to do Terrorists have proven often enough that they really mean business. Margaret: Yes, but i f a government doesn’t hold out against this kind of blackmail,we will always have terrorists. Governments are afraid to punish these people. They almost always let them go free. Start executing terrorists automatically wherever they land, and terrorism will stop.Valerie: And what about the innocent lives that will be lost in the process Terrorism is based on the simple idea that threatening the innocent will achieve its ends.Margaret: You can’t get rid of evil without being prepared to face the consequences of evil.Valerie: So long as you’re not one of the victims!Task 3【答案】A.1)thirty-five, natural light, a small window, hot, airless, very noisy2) Mexico3) ought to, shouldn’tB.1)It is located in a narrow street with five-and six-storey buildings eightkilometers from downtown Los Angeles.2) This factory makes shirts and jeans3) She’s already been working for ten hours, but won’t stop for another two hours.4) She can’t complain about those things because she is an illegal immigrant.【原文】Eight kilometers from downtown Los Angeles there is a narrow street with five- and six-storey buildings. Inside one of these buildings there is a small factory making shirts and jeans. The women working in the factory sit close together, each with a small table, each with their own sewing machine. The women say nothing, and work hard. In one of the rooms there are thirty-five women. There is only a littlenatural light, and this comes from a small window in the roof. The room is hot, airless, and very noisy. On the left-hand side of the room there is a young girl sitting next to the wall. Every now and again she closes her eyes, and her fingers stop working. She's already been in her chair for ten hours, but she'll be here until the bell rings — and that won't be for another two hours. Her name is Maria, and she comes from Mexico. She won't complain about her work. She won't say that the working hours ought to be changed; she won't say that the working conditions shouldn't be permitted.Task 4【答案】A.Every year the British government publishes statistics about social trends. Their findings show definite patterns in the British way of life.1)marked differencesa)one hour more every day, three hours more every weekb) 1 percent, cleaning and ironing, keep household accounts, do repairs orimprovementsc)30 percent2)leisure activities, watching television, 20 hours a week, going for walks,Swimming, British womenB.Unlike the other couples, Carla has always kept her won accounts and Adrian has always done his own housework. Neither of them like watching television very much and they both like swimming.【原文】When Adrian Hutton and Carla Leone get married they will move into a new housethat they have bought. But what sort of life will they have What can they expect in modern Britain Every year the British government publishes statistics about social trends. Their findings show definite patterns in the British way of life.In most marriages there are some marked differences between husbands and wives. Working wives, for example, sleep (on average) one hour more a day than working husbands. Housewives, on the other hand, sleep only about three hours more every week than their working husbands. And what about housework The government survey showed that only 1% of men do the household chores — like cleaning and ironing. But they do usually keep household accounts and it is always men who do repairs or improvements in the house. 30% of all marriages end in divorce.The government survey also looked at leisure activities. They found that the two most popular leisure activities in Britain are watching television (the average family spends 20 hours a week in front of the TV set) and going for walks. Swimming is an especially popular activity among British women.Carla and Adrian's life, though, will probably be different from the average marriage. In the first place Carla has always kept her own accounts and Adrian has always done his own housework. Neither of them like watching television very much and they both like swimming.Task 5【答案】A.Topic: How a city in Japan solve the problem of garbage disposal.Supporting details: 160 million, every year, 10 percent, 10 percent, the rest, public cooperation1) garbage that can be easily burned, kitchen and garden trash2) electrical appliances, plastic tools, plastic toys3) are poisonous, cause pollution, batteries4) bottles and glass containers that can be recycled5) metal containers that can be recycled6) furniture and bicycledon different days, on request, fertilizer, to produce electricity, recycled, cleaned, repaired, resold cheaply, give awayB.1) The garbage will be taken to a center that looks like a clean new office buildingor hospital. Inside the center, special equipment is used to sort and process the garbage.2) Official from cities around the world visit Machida to see whether they can use some of these ideas and techniques to solve their own garbage disposal problems.【原文】Disposing of the garbage we produce every day is a major problem in cities around the world. In the United States, over 160 million tons of garbage are produce every year. Ten percent is recycled, ten percent is burned, and the rest is put in landfills. But finding land for new landfills is becoming more difficult.A city that has solved this problem in an unusual way is Machida, in Tokyo, Japan. They have developed a totally new approach to garbage disposal. The key to the operation is public cooperation. Families must divide their garbage into six categories:1. garbage that can be easily burned (that is, combustible garbage) such as kitchen and garden trash
;2. noncombustible garbage, such as small electrical appliances, plastic tools, and plastic toys
;3. products that are poisonous or that cause pollution, such as batteries and fluorescent lights
;4. bottles and glass containers that can be recycled
;5. metal containers that can be recycled
;6. large items, such as furniture and bicycles.The items in categories1 to 5 are collected on different days. Large items are only collected upon request. Then the garbage is taken to a center that looks like a clean new office building or hospital. Inside the center, special equipment is used to sort and process the garbage. Almost everything can be reused: garden or kitchen trash becomes fertilizer; combustible garbage is burned to produce electrical; metal containers and bottles are recycled; and old furniture, clothing, and other useful items are cleaned, repaired, and resold cheaply or given away. The work provides employment for handicapped person and gives them a chance to learn new skills.Nowadays, officials from cities around the world visit Machida to see whether they can use some of these ideas and techniques to solve their own garbage disposal problems.Task 6【答案】1) They were talking about Mrs. Carter.2) She was a tall, handsome woman who used to come into the shop at least twice a week.3) She lived alone in a large house on an old farm---about three miles from the shop.4) He was absolutely certain, otherwise he would never call the police. His evidence was this: First, he saw her do it; second, he found the things in her bag; third, she had done it before.5) Because two young people saw her. The shopkeeper believed that if they didn’t punish her, young people would think that stealing didn’t matter.6) The judge thought that it was difficult case from a humanitarian point of view. The excuses her found for her were: First, the woman was old and she livedalone---she was lonely. Second, she wasn’t poor---she was well-known for her generosity to charities and she didn’t need to steal. Te items were only worth a pound or two. Third, she pleaded not guilty and she didn’t know that she had done it.【原文】Shopkeeper: I knew Mrs. Carter very well. She was a tall, handsome woman who used to come into the shop at least twice a week. She lived alone in a largehouse on an old farm — about three miles from here. People ask me if Iam certain she did it. The answer is yes. I was absolutely certain,otherwise I would never have called the police. In the first place, I sawher do it. I watched her put the things into her bag and I watched her walkout of the store. In the second place, we found the things in her bag, andfinally, she had done it before. It wasn't the first time. I think she wasin such a confused state that she didn’t know what she was doing, but twoother people say her —two young people. We had to punish her, otherwiseyoung p eople would think that stealing didn’t matter.Judge: It was a difficult case from a humanitarian point of view. The woman was old and she lived alone —she was lonely. She wasn’t poor— she was well-known for her generosity to charities and she didn’t nee d to steal. The items were only worth a pound or two. She pleaded not guilty and said she didn’t know that she had done it. From the legal point of view the case was straightforward.The woman stole; she was caught and reported. There were witnesses. She had to be punished or else no one could be punished for stealing.Task 7【答案】A. not all modern cities are alike; modern city.1) a single high-density center, skyscrapers, motorways, as far as you can see2) the low-density multi-center city, a large collection of a number of small centers, shopping centers, factories, businesses, skyscrapersB.1) He thinks that the second type( the Los Angeles model) is more sensible.2) He considers it highly likely that the kind of city we know now will completely disappear.【原文】Interviewer: Would you say then that all modem cities are pretty much alike Urban Planner: Quite definitely not. There seem to be two types of modem city. In type one there is a single high-density centre, and that's where you'llfind the skyscrapers. This is surrounded by motorways. And all aroundthis centre, low-density suburbs stretch as far as you can see. Thisis like Houston, or Calgary, or Toronto. Interviewer: And the secondtypeUrban Planner: The other type is like Los Angeles — the low-density multi-centre city. As I'm sure you know Los Angeles is really a large collectionof a number of small centres, each with its shopping centres, factories,businesses, and skyscrapers scattered everywhere. In a way it's almostone enormous suburb.Interviewer: Do you. think one type is better than the otherUrban Planner: I think the Los Angeles model is more sensible.Interviewer: And so do you think Los Angeles is the city of the futureUrban Planner: Well, it is arguable that the next step after Los Angeles is the complete disappearance of the city, with no real centre, wherewell-designed forms of urban life-modem factories and office blockswhich are clean and quiet, and beautiful forms of rural life — thetrees and parks of suburbs, live side by side.Interviewer: So are you saying that the city as we know it will disappear...Task 8【答案】A.1) He thinks that this country’s problems all come from inflation, which is theresult of the Democrat’s careless spending.2) No, she doesn’t agree with Ned. She believes that the problem is unemployment.If the government cuts spending too much, people will fall into a vicious circle of more unemployment and fewer taxpayers to share the burden.3) She agrees with Barbara. She believes that unemployment is a big problem, especially in the big industrial cities. And the government isn’t doing very much to help the big industries out.4) He believes in the free market system rather than government regulation or protection. He thinks that without a lot of government interference everything will be okay.5) No, they think it’s bad for the weak, the poor and the unprotected/ it’s bad for the underprivileged.B.more and more money, come from somewhere, higher taxes and higher prices【原文】Ned: ... you know, I think this country's problems all come from inflation. That's the main cause of our troubles right now. And what's causing the inflation It's the reckless spending of the Democrats! Every year they spend more and more money, and that money has to come from somewhere. So we pay it in the form of higher taxes and higher prices on the goods we buy.Barbara: Well, I'm not sure that I agree with you. It seems to me that inflation is only one of our problems. What about unemployment If people don't havejobs because the government cuts spending too much, they can't buy things;and then you have a vicious circle of more unemployment and fewer taxpayersto share the burden.Ellen: You know, I think Barbara may have something there. Unemployment is a big problem, especially in the big industrial cities. The auto industry isfighting for its life right now, and the government isn't doing very muchto help it.Ned: Well, it's true that the auto industry is in a mess, but I don't think the answer is in government regulation or protection. I believe in the freemarket system —let the system work without a lot of government interference, and everything will be okay.Ellen: So the strong will win, and the weak will be defeated. Is that what you meanNed: Well, that's the way it goes. The survival of the fittest.Barbara: And too bad about the weak, the poor, the unprotected...Ned: Now you're getting emotional. You have to remain objective about these things. Let me give you an example of what I'm talking about...Task 9【答案】A.1) The problem is whether or not the inner city — the core of most urban areas —will manage to survive at all.2) They moved to the suburbs in search of fresh air, elbow room, and privacy.3) As a result, suburbs began to sprawl out across the countryside. Many cities beganto fall into disrepair. And many downtown areas existed for business only.4) The result was that urban centers declined even further and the suburbs expanded still more.5) Because from the decision of the Taylors and many other young couples, we cansee that some people may be tired of spending long hours commuting, and they may have begun to miss the advantages of culture and companionship provided by city life.B.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) TC.1) middle-class, tax money, neighborhoods2) Crime, public transportation3) housing construction costs, was allowed to, constructed【原文】A few years ago, Ann and Walter Taylor thought it might be time to move out of their New York City apartment to the suburbs. They had one young son and another child on the way. But after months of looking, they became discourage and decided to buy an old townhouse right in the middle of Brooklyn, which is a part of New York City. To their delight, they discovered that they weren’t the only young couple to have made such a decision. In fact, their entire area in Brooklyn had been settled by young families. And as a result, the neighborhood, which had been declining for years, was now being restored.Brooklyn isn’t the only city in the United States to experience this kind of renewal. So are Philadelphia and . And Charleston, South Carolina, has so successfully rebuilt its old central area that it now ranks as one of America’s most charming cities. The restoration of the old port city of Savannah, Georgia, is also living proof that downtown areas do not need to die. But encouraging as these developments may be, they are among the few bright spots in a mass of difficulties that today’s cities face. Indeed, their woes are so many that it is fair to ask whether or not the inner city the core of most urban areas will manage to surviveat all.In the 1940s, urban Americans began a mass move to the suburbs in search of fresh air, elbow room, and privacy. Suburbs began to sprawl out across the countryside. Since most of those making the move were middle-class, they took with them the tax money the cities needed to maintain the neighborhoods in which they had lived. The people left in the cities were often those who were too old or too poor to move. Thus, many cities began to fall into disrepair. Crime began to soar, and public transportation was neglected.( In the past sixty years San Francisco is the only city in the United States to have completed a new mass transit system.) Meanwhile, housing construction costs continued to rise higher and higher. Middle-class housing was allowed to decay, and little new housing was constructed.Eventually, many downtown areas existed for business only. During the day they would be filled with people working in offices, and at night they would be deserted. Given these circumstances, some business executives began asking, “Why bother with going downtown at all Why not move the offices to the suburbs so that we can live and work in the same area” Gradually, some of the larger companies began moving out of the cities, with the result that urban centers declined even further and the suburbs expanded still more. This movement of business to the suburbs is not confined to the United States. Businesses have also been moving to the suburbs in Stockholm, Sweden, in Bonn, Germany, and in Brussels, Belgium, as well.But it may well be that this movement to the suburbs has reached its peak. Some people may be tired of spending long hours commuting, and they may have begun to miss the advantages of culture and companionship provided by city life. Perhaps the decision made by the Taylors is a sign that people will return to the cities and begin to restore them. It begins to look as if suburban sprawl may not have been the answer to man’s need to create an ideal environment in which to live and work.Task 10【答案】A.1) 54, 20, 1980, £70,000.2) 30, 19803) a newspaper article, to research the market4) another few months, in April 1981, a 1,500 sq ft5) third, Canada, America, 20 percent, £1 million6) 20, 70, 3B.1) F 2) T 3) F 4)F 5)TC.1) He was deeply involved in the present job and rather enjoyed himself. He thoughtthe shop was his own little baby and thought it was fun to serve behind the counter.However, he also thought that there was a lot more hard work than he was used to; he was working over the weekend doing his books. He called his old job “boring trips to Manchester to sell vast quantities of PVC”.2) He thought that there are far more job satisfaction; and believed that he wasmaking money, rather than making money for other people.3) He was about to diversify into commercial distribution of imported anddomestically produced wine and wines he’s produced himself.【原文】William Rudd, 54, worked for ICI petrochemicals for 20 years until 1980 when he took early retirement with &70,000. He opened his own delicatessen and butcher's shop in Kensington and has just bought a second London shop.I knew about a year before I left that I was going to go, so I looked around for office jobs. I had one of those frustrating periods where I nearly got some jobsbut then I didn't. Actually it was a dinner party conversation which got me into the shop. A woman I knew said she was going to open a delicatessen and thought it sounded fun. So ! said, "Super, I'll come in with you." I'd always thought retailing would be amusing, after a lifetime of industrial selling.We found that the lease of the building stipulated we had to keep it as a butcher's and I added fish and cheese and things like that. I ended up spending far more than I'd ever intended.I didn't really do much research, except for fish, about which I knew nothing.I was clearly going to be the person standing behind the counter filleting, so I talked to one person who showed me a little, supplied me, and kept me under his wing for a little while. But it's quite easy to learn about fish; once you get used to gutting salmon you're on your way. Meat is more difficult; the skill is in the butchery, so I employ people for that. I had to learn about equipment by trial and error.I started in July — the worst time of the year for a shop like this — and the overdraft kept going up. That was rather frightening because there was no one between me and the bank manager. My reaction early on was that it was bound to come right. At the same time I was deeply involved and rather enjoying myself. It was my own little baby and it was fun to serve behind the counter —completely different from boring trips to Manchester to sell vast quantities of PVC. There was a lot more hard work than I was used to; I was working over the weekend doing my books.I remember my accountant saying to me when I was starting up, "What are you going to do for mental stimulation" In fact there's quite a lot of mental stimulation in the sheer terror of losingmoney: I couldn't have conceived of doing this 20 years ago. It was a great leap in the dark. I don'tknow if I'm brave or foolish, or a bit of both I suppose. But I do know that if I'dlistened to anyone I would never have done it.Les Shield, 30, a boiler technician, was made redundant from British Steel at Consett in 1980. 145'th Mike Heywood, a Consett transport manager made redundant at the same time, he started British Brewing Products, manufacturing beer kits and now diversifi2ing into wine production.I read a newspaper article about a company which had done quite well in home brew, and I started to research the market 18 months before the closure at Consett. By the time the steelworks were due to close I had a business plan ready. We bought some products which we had made for us and went out into the wilds of Yorkshire and Lancashire and sold them as a test. It took two months before we got any repeat business and that was a nail-biting period. It took another few months to fend premises and to get financial assistance from BSC industry and the bank. We went into production in April 1981 manufacturing home-brewing kits in a 1,500 sq ft factory.Let's face it, in this area, there wasn't a lot of choice. You could sit and vegetate and spend your redundancy money, you could move away and find new employment, or you could use your redundancy money to sink or swim.We're swimming. We're actually doing very well. I like being self-employed; there's far more job satisfaction. You know that at the end of the day you're getting the full value, personally, of the work you do. That's what you're in business for —to make money, rather than make money for other people. It was obviously a strain when I spent 5 days a week training, but after 18 months, we were able to afford our first salesman.I think my wife was happy for me to do what I've done. She accepted that there would be a certain amount of stress during the early days, but she probably realized that if I was successful the rewards would be there at the end of the day.We're now in our third factory since we started. We export our products to theRepublic of Ireland, Canada and America; exports account for 20 percent of production. Our turnover will exceed &1 million for the first time this year.We're about to diversify into commercial distribution of imported and domestically produced wine and wines we're producing ourselves. We employ 20 people at the moment but that will rise to 70 in the next 3 months.Task 11【原文】I could hear the guard blowing his whistle, so I ran onto the platform and upto the train. Luckily someone saw me coming, a door opened, and I jumped on while the train was mov ing out of the station. “Phew!” I thought. “That was hard work!” I was sure the other passengers could hear my heart beating; it was so loud, and I was in a cold sweat.After a while, I recovered, and had a look at the other passengers. The compartment was full, but I was the only one standing. The people in the carriage turned their eyes away as they noticed me looking at them; all except one, a beautiful woman sitting in the corner. I saw her watching me in the mirror.Automatically, I adjusted my tie. She had seen me running for the train: maybe this was my lucky day after all. I prepared to say hello.She spoke first, however. “Would you like my seat” she asked. “You look rather ill.” That was the day on which I realized I was getting middle-aged.。

翻译二级笔译综合能力-15(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Section 1 Vocabulary and GrammarThis section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions.Part 1 V ocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C, D respectively. Choose the word or phrase which **pletes each sentence. There is only one right answer. Then mark the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1. Doctor often ______ uneasiness in the people they deal with.A. smellB. hareC. senseD. tough2. Many sat at the table, looked at the plate and ______ her lips.A. smackedB. openedC. partedD. separated3. The stream overflowed and the flood ______ all of the farmland in the areA. A. submergedB. sankC. soakedD. stripped 4. —What an outrageous suggestion, young man—I'm a ______ married woman!A. respectingB. respectedC. respectfulD. respective5. Thousands of ______ at the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to an outstanding performance.A. audienceB. participantsC. spectatorsD. observers6. American women were ______ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.A. ignoredB. deniedC. refusedD. neglected7. We stood still, gazing out over the limitless ______ of the dessert.A. spaceB. expanseC. stretchD. land8. Her ease has attracted an enormous ______ of public sympathy.A. sumB. dealC. amountD. number9. She took a(n) ______ to the house as soon as she saw it.A. preferenceB. affectionC. attentionD. fancy10. We cannot be ______ the choices that our children are going to make. even though we have contributed to those choices.A. subject toB. susceptible toC. accountable forD. crazy about11. The most significant measure we should take to stop terrorists is to ______ them of material and moral support from within the country.A. squeezeB. eliminateC. preventD. deprive12. I cannot thank you ______ much for your kindness, for I owe my success to you.A. soB. veryC. tooD. as13. The poor mother lacked her husband's capacity for discipline, and found herself ______ her headstrong.A. against the will ofB. in the way ofC. at the mercy ofD. in terms of14. He always included something above the understanding of his hearers in order to prevent them from becoming ______ and to stimulate their desire to learn more.A. pessimisticB. complacentC. perplexedD. complicated15. Written primarily for a specialized but diverse body of scholars, this book ______ the attention of those interested in seventeenth-century English literature.A. warrantsB. proposesC. acclaimsD. distills16. The students on the school bus were ______ for half an hour in the traffic so all of them were late for class that morning.A. held upB. kept offC. taken backD. put off17. It's easier to dismiss reports of low employee morale than face the facts and act ______.A. consequentlyB. accordinglyC. successfullyD. excessively18. Powell calls for drawdown from Iraq by mid-2007. **ments break his long public silence on the issue and place him ______ with the administration.A. at willB. at easeC. at timesD. at odds19. ______ couples generally share the same values and have similar lifestyles and goals.A. ConsistentB. AmiableC. SympatheticD. Compatible20. I want to know if I need to complete a FAFSA form in order to be ______ for any type of financial aid.A. eligibleB. competentC. properD. legitimatePart 2 V ocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 20 sentences. In each of them one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C, D respectively. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined word without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21. In the early 20th century, at the advent of the telephone, it was considered a superfluous instrument which would never be of practical use in the average household.A. appearanceB. popularityC. dominanceD. consolidation22. It was an allusion to what the scientist thought was an inappropriate distribution of funds for stem cell research.A. referenceB. contradictionC. explanationD. rejection23. A rapid portfolio turnover rate may preclude low long-term capital gains.A. prohibitB. lagC. preventD. reject24. The blunder of Argentina's goalie cost them the game in the match against Brazil.A. triumphB. beatC. mistakeD. straggle25. The most prolific writer is not necessarily the best.A. written-aboutB. productiveC. artfulD. religions26. On Christmas Eve in America the shopping malls are saturated with shoppers in a **petition for last minute gifts.A. bustledB. soaredC. filledD. broadened27. The child was so ingenuous that even when she knocked the television off its stand so that it was irreparably damaged, her parents thought her to be charming.A. intelligentB. ingeniousC. adroitD. naive28. California seems to be the home of the homeless since many are often observed tramping along railroad tracks and through the downtown areas of the cities.A. roamingB. trimmingC. stealingD. stamping29. A pervasive negative attitude of the engineers toward projects funded by **pany is the cause of the delay of signing the contract.A. perpetualB. perniciousC. preventiveD. prevalent30. The government slated new elections in the spring, largely as a result of the public clamor.A. demandB. viewC. requestD. opinion31. Imagine my vexation when they said they **e to dinner and then didn't show.A. enlightenmentB. astonishmentC. annoyanceD. contrariness32. Many people in Wales have an affinity with music.A. reputation forB. solubility inC. tincture inD. attraction to33. Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily.A. fearlesslyB. confidentlyC. silentlyD. prudently34. The low interest rates on banks loans provided an impetus for many to buy homes.A. incentiveB. obstacleC. reasonD. delay35. Helen could not help feeling antipathy toward her father's new wife whom he married just two months after the death of Helen's mother.A. sympathyB. concessionC. compassionD. hostility36. Tim is dubious about diet pills which advertise quick weight loss.A. anxiousB. pessimisticC. doubtfulD. ignorant37. His talent for music remained latent until his wife bought him a guitar.A. hiddenB. sophisticatedC. delicateD. profound38. There is little learning involved when one is reprimanded two or three months after the deed.A. recommendedB. reproachedC. recompensedD. reversed39. The judge remained sober despite the lawyer's ludicrous attempt to prove the defendant's innocence.A. sadB. sorryC. seriousD. surprised40. If the salesmen are not given tangible benefits for a high volume of sales, they will loose their motivation.A. substantialB. psychologicalC. spiritualD. profitablePart 3 Error CorrectionThis part consists of 20 sentences. In each of them there is an underlined part that indicates an error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C, D respectively. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.41. Catching sight of her old friend Brown, Mary moved for him to come over and sit in a seat next to her.A. signedB. swayedC. twistedD. signaled42. An epigram is usually defined being a bright or witty thought that is tersely and ingeniouslyexpressed.A. asB. as beC. as beenD. to being43. By the time Bob arrives in Beijing, we have already arrived here for two days.A. we have been staying here for two daysB. it has been for two days we have stayed hereC. it is already two days before we have arrived hereD. we will have stayed here for two days44. Martha hag made up her mind to buy her favorite furniture, disregard how much money she would pay.A. no matter how much it costsB. no matter how much does it costC. no matter how it costsD. no matter how does it cost45. It was one of those days when it looked at first something interesting could happen, but then later, when you didn't expect anything, almost everything happened.A. nothingB. anythingC. everythingD. all things46. Life insurance, before available only to young, healthy persons, can now he obtained from old people, and even for pets.A. before young, healthy persons available only,B. available only to young, healthy persons before,C. available only to persons young, but more healthy,D. before young and healthy persons only available to,47. Lack government support, they had to approach sponsors, organizers, and musicians on their own—at first, she claims, in her country.A. LacksB. LackedC. LackingD. A lack of48. The house was situated on a hill over the village.A. above the villageB. beyond the villageC. under the villageD. within the village49. The old lady wag suffering from the empty nest syndrome for so long that she felt like to find someone she could talk to her.A. to find someone to talkB. finding someone to talkC. to find someone to talk toD. finding someone to talk to50. Eating too much fat can distribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A. attribute toB. attend toC. devote toD. contribute to51. We actually found it all worth to prepare for the worst condition we might face.A. to be worthB. worth our whileC. worthy ofD. worthwhile52. This was but an additional testimony of the superiority of the socialist economic system over the capitalist economic system.A. proofB. witnessC. evidenceD. validity53. The photoperiodic response of algae actually depends on the duration of darkness, but not on the response of light.A. is not on lightB. but is not on the lightC. and not on lightD. the light is not on54. When she returned back by abroad, she told us all about her experience as an illegal immigrant.A. byB. backC. fromD. back from55. Having the highest marks in her class, a scholarship wag offered her by the Department.A. she wag offered a scholarship by the DepartmentB. a scholarship wag offered to her by the DepartmentC. the Department has a scholarship to offer herD. the Department offered her a scholarship56. The gibbon ranges over an area wider than do the other apes.A. a wider area than other apes doB. an area wider than are other apes doC. wider than other apes do the areaD. than wider other apes do an area57. Many students agreed to come, but some students against because they said they don't have time.A. were against because they said they did notB. were against because they say they don'tC. were against it because they said they did notD. were **ing because they said they don't58. It is a market which sales value might be more than 10 billion yuan.A. a market with a sales value that might beB. a market which might be sales valueC. a market with sale value might beD. market with sales might be a value59. Jackie Robinson, the first Black American who was to play baseball in the major leagues, joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947.A. the first and a Black American whoB. was the first Black AmericanC. the first Black AmericanD. the Black American who first60. The suggestion that the mayor will present the prizes was accepted by everyone.A. presentB. presentsC. would presentD. ought to presentSection 2 Reading ComprehensionIn this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A. B. C and D) choices to complete the statement. Youmust choose the one which you think fits best. Then blanken the corresponding letter as required on your Machinescoring ANSWER SHEET.It was two years ago today that the hunting ban came into force, supposedly ending centuries of tradition. However, the law has been an unmitigated failure-not that either side is shouting about it.It was a nightmare vision that struck fear and loathing into the hearts of millions. When the hunting ban became law, it was said, 16, 000 people would lose their jobs, thousands of hounds would be put down, rotting carcasses would litter the countryside, hedgerows would disappear, riders would face on-the-spot fines, law-abiding people from doctors to barristers would be dragged from their horses and carted off to prison, while dog owners would be prosecuted if their mutt caught a rabbit.These were just some of the claims as desperate countryside campaigners battled to save their sport in the lead-up to the hunting ban, which Labour rammed into law using the Parliament Act on November 18, 2004.For many, the fears were real. Others exaggerated as they fought an increasingly aggressive anti-hunting lobby which had rejected acres of independent evidence affirming that hunting is the most humane way of killing foxes. In the battle to"fight prejudice, fight the ban", every emotive argument was deployed.For its part, the anti-hunting brigade extravagantly claimed that the ban would put an end to the rich parading in red jackets. A senior Labour MP, Peter Bradley, admitted in this newspaper that it was, as many suspected, about "class war". He lost his seat shortly afterwards. But people in red coats did not disappear.In fact, none of the forecasts came true. What did happen was something nobody had predicted: the spectacular revival and growth of hunting with hounds. In short, the hunting ban has been a failure.Today, on the second anniversary of the ban's coming into force on February 18, 2005, new figures show that participation in the sport has never been higher. It is so cheerful that two new packs have been formed, something that has not happened for centuries.They include the seductively named Private Pack, set up by the financier Roddy Fleming in Gloucestershire. It operates on an invitation-only basis, a sort of hunting private members' club. This can only mean one thing: like it or not, hunting is cool. Young people are taking it up, enticed by the element of rebellion and the mystique of what actually happens as hunts attempt to keep within the law.61. The phase "came into force" underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. take effectB. be popularC. be forcedD. come into existence62. The hunting ban has been a complete failure because ______.A. the hunting has never been stopped but has instead flourishedB. the government has been short of hands to enforce the lawC. the law makers failed to see hunting as a long-time traditionD. the ban aimed to protect the interests of the upper-class only63. The word "loathing" underlined in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.A. disgustB. dislikeC. hatredD. intention64. Those who break the hunting ban would ______.A. lose their jobsB. bring shame to their fellow peopleC. have to kill their horses and dogsD. face either fines or imprisonment65. The word "prosecuted" underlined in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.A. go to courtB. encourageC. publishD. prevent66. The anti-hunting lobby held that ______.A. fox-hunting was an expression of prejudiceB. the countryside campaigners were reasonableC. the theory of humane killing did not hold waterD. the hunters exaggerated the dreadful scene of hunting67. What does the author think of the hunting campaigners' position?A. It was unknowingly biased.B. It was emotionally charged.C. It was increasingly militant.D. It was certainly powerful.68. The word "rebellion" underlined in the last Paragraph refers to ______.A. betrayB. violationC. departmentD. contravention69. By saying "people in red coats did not disappear," the author implied that ______.A. the upper class won the "war"B. Bradley deserved his fateC. the hunting ban did not workD. the hunting ban was untimely70. As a result of the ban, ______.A. hunting activities have become more secretiveB. people have become more curious about huntingC. citizens have become more confused by the lawD. the country tradition has been radically shakenThe fact that most Americans live in urban areas does not mean that they reside in the center of large cities. In fact, more Americans live in the suburbs of large metropolitan areas than in the cities themselves.The Bureau of the Census regards any area with more than 2,500 people as an urban area, and does not consider boundaries of cities and suburbs.According to the Bureau, the political boundaries are less significant than the social and economic relationships and the transportation **munication systems that integrate a locale. The term used by the Bureau for an integrated metropolis is an MSA, which stands for Metropolitan Statistical Area. In general, an MSA is any area that contains a city and its surrounding suburbs and has a total population of 50,000 or more.At the present time, the Bureau reports more than 280 MSAs, which together account for 75 percent of the US population. In addition, the Bureau recognizes 18 megapolises, that is, continuous adjacent metropolitan areas. One of the most obvious megapolises includes a chain of hundreds of cities and suburbs across 10 states on the East Coast from Massachusetts to Virginia, including Boston, New York, and Washington, D.C. In the Eastern Corridor, as it is called, a population of 45 million inhabitants is concentrated. Another megapolis that is growing rapidly is the California coast from San Francisco through Los Angeles to San Diego.71. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Metropolitan Statistical AreasB. Types of Population CentersC. The Bureau of the CensusD. Megapolises72. According to the passage, where do most Americans live?A. In the center of cities.B. In the suburbs surrounding large cities.C. In rural areas.D. In small towns.73. The underlined word "reside" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. fillB. decideC. occupyD. live74. According to the Bureau of the Census, what is an urban area?A. A chain of adjacent cities.B. An area with at least 50,000 people.C. The 18 largest cities.D. An area with 2,500 people or mor75. Which of the following are NOT considered important in defining an urban area?A. Political boundaries.B. Transportation networks.C. Social relationships.D. Economic systems.76. The underlined word "integrate" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.A. benefitB. defineC. uniteD. restrict77. Which of the following is NOT true?A. An integrated metropolis is an MSA.B. MSA stands for Metropolitan Statistical Area.C. A metropolis includes at least a metropolitan.D. An MSA refers to city and its suburbs, with over 50,000 peopl78. The underlined word "adjacent" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.A. beside each otherB. growing very fastC. the same sizeD. densely populated79. According to the passage, what is a megapolis?A. One of the 10 largest cities in the United States.B. One of the 18 largest cities in the United States.C. One of the 100 cities between Boston and Washington.D. Any number of continuous adjacent cities and suburbs.80. Why does the author mention the Eastern Corridor and the California coast in Paragraph 4?A. As examples of megapolises.B. Because 75 percent of the population lives there.C. TO conclude the passage.D. The Bureau of the Census is located therLosing a job or not being able to find one almost always brings **e changes. If you've lost a job, the first feeling is often one of shock. On top of the loss of income, many people find the whole routine of their life is shattered, their contact with other people reduced, their ambitions halted and their identity as a worker removed.There may be good feelings too—it's nice to be able to lie in bed in the morning, to spend more time with children, or to have more time to think—a better job may be just around the corner. But, unless a better job does turn up, chances are the days start getting longer and the time becomes harder to fill. Many people pass through periods of difficulty in sleeping and eating. They feel irritable and depressed, often isolated and lonely.Despite all these problems, unemployment can be a chance for a fresh start. You can discover that it provides an opportunity to sort out or rethink what you want from life and how best you can get it. You can use the time to plan how to find a new job, learn a new skill, develop your hobbies, see if you can run your own business, do some voluntary work in **munity or meet new people. It's up to you.81. Unemployment almost always brings changes that are ______.A. unpleasantB. unsuitableC. untenableD. unworthy82. According to the passage, when a person has first lost a job, more often than not, he feels ______.A. excitedB. isolatedC. shockedD. depressed83. According to the passage, possible good feelings include the following EXCEPT being able to ______.A. have more time to thinkB. have a new and better jobC. have more time to visit friendsD. spend more time with children84. According to this passage, unemployment may ______.A. cause people to lose touch with realityB. completely destroy people's life patternsC. lessen interaction with peopleD. reduce people's chances of promotion85. The unemployed become finally disillusioned when they ______.A. have nothing more to think aboutB. are unable to improve their positionC. get tired of playing with their childrenD. can no longer lie in bed in the morning86. According to the passage, continuing unemployment may cause ______.A. absence of humotB. lack of interestC. waste of timeD. loss of appetite87. By "a chance for a fresh start" the author means ______.A. one should learn to seize chancesB. one should often change his jobsC. unemployment can be of benefitD. unemployment does not last long88. Unemployment provides a chance for you to rethink ______.A. what you find and how to keep itB. what you want and how to get itC. how best you can do the new jobD. how best you can sort out a new job89. The sentence "it's up to you" means "you are the person who ______. "A. makes the decisionB. is responsibleC. has the rightD. is confident90. The author's purpose is to ______.A. give the basic facts of unemploymentB. explain the reasons of unemploymentC. introduce new jobs to the unemployedD. offer encouragement to the unemployedSection 3 Cloze TestIn the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. Below the passage, each blanks has 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Should we care if over 150 known species of animals have (91) from the earth in the last fifty years? Should we be concerned that there are (92) thousands of species whose very existence is (93) endangered—largely because of our activities? (94) , after all, is the natural end of populations. Species are born, then (95) , and then die. Some live a (96) time, perhaps millions of years; some die more quickly. We have (97) the extinction of many species we know about, and we have undoubtedly sealed the (98) of others. In fact, there are undoubtedly many other species that have lived among us during our time on earth, but that havedisappeared as a (n) (99) of our activities without our ever having known they existed.It is hard to explain the rationale of many of us who are concerned about such matters. I have never seen a sea whale, (100) I don't want them to become extinct. Moreover, I felt this way long before I understood anything about how they might be an important part of an ecosystem. Possibly such feelings merely reflect the cultural attitude that it is "nice" to wish other living things well; thus, the attitude is (101) . I feel nice.There are, of course, more rational reasons for (102) the extermination of any species. For one thing, the kind of attitude that encourages or sanctions the destruction of other species is a threat (103) our own wellbeing. If such an attitude exists, we ourselves might (104) victim to it. living things (including us) might be expected to fare better where there is (105) for life. The extinction of other species could also threaten us (106) by simplifying the system of which we are a part or by destroying parts of the ecosystem (107) which we directly rely. For example, if we continue to poison the oceans (108) we are willing to believe only a few bottom dwellers are affected, we might (109) overstep some critical threshold and trigger the wholesale death of plankton, thus finding ourselves without a major (110) of the world's food and with our oxygen supplies dwindling.91.A. disappearedB. diedC. endangeredD. ceased92.A. namelyB. literallyC. wordlyD. directly93.A. soonB. presentlyC. hopefullyD. rightly94.A. ExtinctionB. DisappearanceC. CeaseD. Death95.A. developB. increaseC. matureD. bloom96.A. longB. shortC. comfortableD. terrible97.A. hurriedB. urgedC. hastenedD. increased98.A. fateB. doomC. luckyD. predetermination99.A. effectB. resultC. issueD. event100.A. stillB. yetC. alsoD. then101.A. rewardedB. returnedC. fulfilledD. affected 102.A. mourningB. cryingC. weepingD. wailing 103.A. forB. toC. atD. with104.A. gainB. enterC. becomeD. fall105.A. reverenceB. reverseC. reverieD. reversal 106.A. seeminglyB. indirectlyC. certainlyD. conveniently 107.A. uponB. toC. withD. from108.A. becauseB. as ifC. andD. even109.A. succeedinglyB. eventuallyC. closelyD. determningly 110.A. sourceB. makerC. creatorD. resources。

移民英语测试题目及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. Which of the following is NOT a reason for immigration?A. Seeking better educationB. Economic opportunitiesC. Family reunificationD. Political unrest答案：D2. What is the most common language spoken by immigrants in the United States?A. EnglishB. SpanishC. ChineseD. French答案：B3. When did the United States pass the Immigration and Nationality Act?A. 1924B. 1952C. 1965D. 1986答案：C4. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of immigration?A. Cultural diversityB. Economic growthC. Increased crime ratesD. Social enrichment答案：C5. What does the term "asylum seeker" refer to?A. A person who has been granted refugee statusB. A person who has applied for refugee statusC. A person who is illegally crossing bordersD. A person who is visiting a foreign country答案：B6. In which year did the United Kingdom's Points-Based System for immigration come into effect?A. 2007B. 2008C. 2009D. 2010答案：B7. What is the main purpose of the International Organization for Migration (IOM)?A. To promote international tradeB. To facilitate international migrationC. To protect the rights of migrantsD. To regulate global migration flows答案：D8. Which of the following is NOT a type of visa?A. Tourist visaB. Student visaC. Work visaD. Permanent residency visa答案：D9. What is the term used to describe the process of obtaining permission to reside permanently in a country?A. NaturalizationB. ImmigrationC. EmigrationD. Permanent residency答案：D10. Which country has the largest number of immigrants in the world?A. United StatesB. GermanyC. CanadaD. Australia答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The process of moving from one country to another insearch of a better life is known as ______.答案：immigration2. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is an organization that ______.答案：assists refugees worldwide3. A person who has been granted the right to live and work in a country is said to have ______.答案：residency4. The term "brain drain" refers to the emigration of highly skilled individuals from a country, which can lead to a______ in the country of origin.答案：loss of talent5. The European Union (EU) allows for the free movement of people among its ______ members.答案：member states6. In some countries, immigrants are required to pass a______ test to prove their language proficiency.答案：language proficiency7. The process of becoming a citizen of a country is known as ______.答案：naturalization8. The term "illegal immigrant" refers to a person who has entered a country without ______.答案：legal permission9. The United States' Diversity Visa Program, also known as the ______, is a lottery system for distributing a certain number of visas to individuals from countries with traditionally low rates of immigration to the U.S.答案：Green Card Lottery10. The International Migrant Day is observed on ______.答案：December 18th三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. What are the main challenges faced by immigrants in a new country?答案：The main challenges faced by immigrants in a new country include language barriers, cultural differences, finding employment, adapting to a new legal system, andsocial integration.2. Explain the concept of multiculturalism and its significance in a diverse society.答案：Multiculturalism is the coexistence of diverse cultures within a society, where each culture is respected and valued. Its significance lies in fostering mutual understanding, promoting social cohesion, and enriching the cultural fabric of the society.3. What are the legal requirements for obtaining a work visa in a foreign country?答案：The legal requirements for obtaining a work visa in a foreign country typically include a job offer from a local employer, proof of qualifications or skills relevant to the job, and compliance with the country's immigration laws and regulations.4. Discuss the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in supporting immigrants.答案：NGOs play a crucial role in supporting immigrants by providing services such as legal assistance, language training, job placement, and。

Unit1课内练习答案（P3 Comprehending 1）1. First settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America. These people are now known as Native Americans.2. Spanish soldiers arrived in South America.3. California became part of Mexico.4. The US declared war on Mexico.5. Gold was discovered in California.6. California became the 31st state of the US.P3Ex.2第一行：in the early 16th centuryearly 1800s1800s第二行：late 1840s / early 1850sin the late 19th century1911第三行：1920sbeginning of the 20th centuryfrom about the 1970s第四行：from about the 1970sin more recent decadesfrom about the 1970sP4Ex.1（learning about language）Adjective major Italian hard Korean racialPakistani distinct DanishNoun majority Italy hardship Korea racePakistan distinction DenmarkP4Ex.21federal 2Catholic 3majority 4Ministry 5boom 6Italy 7distinction8hardships 9Korea 10electedP4Ex.3Arctic, Strait, crossing, by means of, rail, making a life, aircraftP5 Ex.3；P6Ex.2P5 Ex.31---62---43---54---35----76---27---88---1P6Ex.21. He started in northern California, and he has been travelling south.2. The facts that not everybody is rich, not everybody lives on the coast, and the desert in California is not like the rest of the climate of California, surprised him.3. He had watched too many American movies.4. Many people from different countries moved to California. Theybrought their own customs, culture and food. They kept them up and so produced the large variety of food, music, customs, art and cultural activities.P6Ex.3southeastern California American movies beach / coast cotton, vegetables, nuts southeast desert races festival, musicP7Ex.11Wednesday (Angel Island) 2Monday (Fisherman’s Wharf) 3Tuesday (Chinatown)4 Tuesday(blue and white road sighs) 5Wednesday ( Golden Gate Bridge) 6 Monday (cable car)P9Ex.21 He invented the cable car system because the horse-drawn trams used before were unsafe.2 He ate at Fisherman’s Wharf.3 It was convenient for him to tour around the city. It was cheaper to hire a car with other people because they could share the coast. Also he probably enjoyed being in the company of other tourists.4 Eat in Chinese restaurants, go to markets, visit temples and museums.5 It was famous as a place for immigrants to be checked before they could enter California.Workbook练习题答案（P46Ex.1）1Traveller’s Tales 2Tom Price 3Mandy Long 4New OrleansP46Ex.31F2T3T4F5T6T7F8T9TP47Ex.41. (略)2. hot and humid3. 1812 Louisiana became a state of the USA.1857 The first Mardi Gras celebration was held.4. CP48Ex.1a great many, applying for, nephew, ferry, Immigration, Apparently, bakeries, occur, thankful, fascinatingP48Ex.21take in 2reform 3had marked out 4team up with 5back to back6applicants, 7customsP48Ex.31. When he arrived at the hotel, the first thing he wanted to do was to leave his luggage / baggage, have a shower and shave, and then walk around.2. My grandpa was a socialist who believed in socialism all his life.3. Many illegal immigrants felt that their stay in America was like a punishment because only a few of them got justice and were allowed to live there.4. The civil authorities tried to reduce the noise made by seagulls but failed.5. Many English farmers mourned their cattle which had to be killed because of “mad cow disease”.6. My house is nowhere near the center of the city, but it has no air pollution or traffic jams. / Although my house is nowhere near the centerof the city, it has no air pollution or traffic jams.P49Ex.11how (OC) 2What (SC) 3whether (OC) 4what / which (OC) 5what (SC) 6That (SC) 7Why (SC) 8why (OC) 9When (SC) 10 as if (PC) 11 where (/ why (PC) 12How (SC) 13 why (PC) 14 that(PC) 15 whether (OC)P49Ex.21. it is used as the subject, object, predicative or appositive in a sentence2. it is used as an attribute modifying a noun, a pronoun or a sentenceP50Ex.31. sad2. the coffin was taken to the graveyard to be buried.3. serious4. after the body has been buried and the people are leaving the graveyard5. begins singing and dancing6. celebrate the life of the person who has just diedP52Ex.2P52Ex.3Achievements:Learned to play drums and trumpet at age 12;Got a job in best band in town at age 16;Started making records at age 23;Became a huge star and remained popular for almost 50 years; Acted in over 50 movies;Became a goodwill ambassador for the USA;Took part in the civil rights movement.Good qualities：Even though he was poor, he never turned to crime to make a living; He was a great musician;He loved entertaining people;He could communicate with people from all sorts of backgrounds; He cared about civil rights issues;He lived a simple life despite his rights and fame;He continued to work all his life.Unit2课内练习答案（P12Ex.1）1. The first use is to produce commercial quantities of plants. The second is to research on new plants specials and do medical research on animals.2. Cloning plants is straightforward, but the cloning of animals is very complicated.3. The first clone from an adult animal was Dolly the sheep. She died in 2003.4. Cloning is controversial in some countries for moral and religious reasons.P12Ex.2Problems or dangers of cloningEvil leaders may want to clone themselves.Animal clones may develop the illnesses of older animals.Animal clones may die younger than the donor animals.There are moral objections to cloning human being.Advantages of cloningMedical cloning could produce cures for serious illness in humans. Cloning plants can be useful for research on new plant species.Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale.Cloning can help save endangered animals.P12EX.3I think the writer is impartial because he / she does not state any personal opinion about cloning.P13Ex.11differ 2cast 3accumulate 4exact 5altogether 6objections 7un dertake 8moral.P13Ex.21 straightforward2 arbitrary3 commercial4 made an objectionto 5 obtain 6 will forbidP13Ex.31attain 2complicated 3fate 4carrier 5cast 6reform 7accumulateP14Ex21997年多莉羊诞生的消息宣布后便成为一项科学突破。

硕士入学考试2023年考研英语真题Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example,Busin ess Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automat ed: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reas on we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidsonnotes,” In the 10 years ending in 2023, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We nee d to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living andthriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the autho r, today’s birds of passage want___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with legal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 which of the best title for the passage?[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. Toaccurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I do n’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregi vers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is evervthing[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health teamsaved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing:it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups andstews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, Theyil let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week, I’ve been able to do this, since I was 4.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does – try to put it to one side.I don't think it's harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn't make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical Hair opened on Broadway on the same day – they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47 WritingSuppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and2) encourage them to participate 100 words use Li Ming. Don't write your address.(10 points)Part B (15 points)48 Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should(1) interpret the chart, and(2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words.答案：1-5: ADBDC6-10: BBDBA11-15: ADCCC16-20: CABAD【答案详解】1. [原则答案] [A][考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系[选项分析] 由于考察逻辑关系，因此需要我们先对填空前后旳原文信息做定位分析：填空之后旳信息为”a true cashless society is probably not around the corner .”（一种无现金社会不太也许立即出现），而文章之前旳信息都是在说我们也许立即就进入一种无现金社会，两者之间出现了明显旳转折关系，因此只有however符合题意。

启用前·绝密2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语二考生注意事项1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。

2. 答题前，考生应将答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息填写清楚，并与准考证上的一致。

3. 答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。

（1） 英语应用、阅读理解A 部分的答案填涂在答题卡上，阅读理解B 部分、英译汉的答案和作文的答案写在答题纸上。

（2） 填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用 2B铅笔完成。

如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。

书写部分（英译汉的答案和作文）必须用蓝（黑）色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡上作答。

4. 答题卡严禁折叠。

考试结束后，将答题卡和答题纸一起放入原试卷袋中，试卷交给监考人，严禁在档案袋上填写任何信息。

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following texts. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. __1__ a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been __2__ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very __3__ of money itself," only to __4__ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so __5__ in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6__ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very __7__ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunication networks necessary to make electronic money the __8__ form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they __9__ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to __10__ . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days __11__ a check is cashed and funds are __12__ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. __13__ electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may __14__ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information __15__ there. The fact that this is not an __16__ occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and __17__ from someone else's accounts. The __18__ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to __19__ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic __20__ that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an averagelifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been anacceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up themiddle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26. “Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27. It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28. According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___incentives.[A]fiancial[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30. Choose the best title.[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estateagents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand theirbiases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’studyexplanationsensible[C][D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A]tolerantuncertain[B][C]optimisticdoubtful[D]Text 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Lastyear, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position— no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A]skepticismobjectiveness[B]indifference[C]approval[D]40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.justicesocial[A]more[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the listA-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41.__________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42.__________This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there’s not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot. In a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you’ll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is per-packed in the supermarket chiller.43.__________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer—that’s not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you’ll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to “go off” will be cooked or juiced.44..__________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal caters. Shop at butchers, delis andfish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you’ll feel comfortable asking if they’ve any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they’ll let you have for free.45.__________You won’t be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant—£1.75 a week for three months gives you £21—more than enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It’s £16.95 there — or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino’s: I know which I’d rather eat.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does--try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day---they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and2) encourage them to participate.You should write about 100 words on ANSERE SHEET 2.sign your own name at the end of the letter, Use “LiMing” instead.notDowrite the address. (10 points)DonotPart B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSERE SHEET 2. (15points)某高校学生兼职情况2013年mba英语真题详解 MBA考试网参考答案：1. However2. around3. concept4. reverse5. slow6. against7. expensive8. dominant9. provide10. give up11. before12. withdrawn13. Because14. raise15. stored16. uncommon17. steal18. prevention19. cope with20. trail21. the impact of technological advances 例子题22. contribute something unique 细节题23. job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed 细节题24. to ensure more education for people 细节题25. Average is Over 主旨题26. stay in a foreign country temporarily 词义题27. should be adapted to meet challenges 推断题28. the freedom to stay and leave 细节题29. with legal tolerance 细节题30. legal or illegal: Big Mistake 主旨题31. predetermine the accuracy of our judgment 细节题32. can be associate 细节题33. think before we act 细节题34. adequate information 细节题35. optimistic 态度题36. men have the final say 细节题37. a reluctant choice 细节题38. get top business positions 细节题39. approval 态度题40. suitable public policies 细节题41. Planning is everything42. Stick to what you need43. waste not, want not44. shopkeepers are your friend45. remember to treat yourself46．I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week, I’ve been able to do this, since I was 4.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seemsto be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does-try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical Hair opened on Broadway on the same day-they both just pop into my mind in the same way.我能够从过去的53 年中任选一天，然后马上就能想起来我当天在哪，当天都发生了什么新闻，甚至那天是星期几。