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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：01重点语法易错易混点（被动语态、by+Ving和情态动词）被动语态、by+Ving和情态动词的用法，现将它们的易错易混点总结如下：【误用1】Our house is being knocking down to make way for a new road.【指正】knocking改为knocked。
现在进行时的被动语态构成是：is/are being done，表示谓语动词动作正在被进行，句子主语与谓语动词之间是动宾关系。
【运用】A meeting on education is being held in Shanghai.【误用2】When the ship sank we had to save ourselves with swimming.【指正】with改为byby doing是“介词by+动名词”形式，表示方式或者手段，在句子中作方式状语。
【运用】He lightened his bag by taking out some books.【误用3】—Can’t you stay a little longer?—It’s getting late. I really may go now. My daughter is home alone.【指正】may改为must或have to。
情态动词may在确定句中表示“可以”，即说话人同意或者许可。
依据“天晚了”和“女儿一个人在家”看出说话人要走，可以理解为认为必需走了，用must，或者由于前后句子提出的事实状况，认为客观状况使得不得不走，用have to。
【运用】She must think rapidly, make a plan, make some use of her knowledge.【误用4】— I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.—Do you mean we shan’t bring anything with us?【指正】shan’t改为needn't。
【备战高考】被动语态考点易错点的总结一、单项选择被动语态1．Our society would be better off but for the fact that the economy ________ by the current global financial crisis.A．had been affected B．were affectedC．should be affected D．is affected【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态。
句意：如果不是经济受到当前全球金融危机的影响，我们的社会会更好。
此处表示一种客观事实，且the economy和affect之间是一种被动关系，所以that引导的同位语从句中用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为D。
2．The new library ________; it will be open next year.A．had been built B．was builtC．was being built D．is being built【答案】D【解析】考查时态和语态。
句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放。
根据后面一句可推知，图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。
所以本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。
故选D。
3．All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once. A．should be; be operated onB．were; must be operated onC．be; was operated onD．was; be operated on【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查insist的用法。
句意：医院里所有的医生都认为他受伤很严重，要求他立即动手术。
insist作“坚决要求做某事”讲时，要用虚拟语气；当“坚持说，坚持陈述某事实”解时，用陈述语气。
被动语态考点易错点的总结一、单项选择被动语态1．An exhibition with 885 cultural relics to be displayed ________ at the Meridian Gate Gallery. A．was held B．would hold C．has hold D．will be held【答案】D【解析】【分析】考查时态语态。
【详解】句意：午门画廊将展出885件文物。
上文中的to be displayed表将来，故本句为一般将来时。
且主语An exhibition与谓语动词hold构成被动关系，故用will be held。
故选D。
2． A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman______ to be infected with the bird flu virus.A．confirmed B．had been confirmedC．was confirmed D．have confirmed【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：一例人感染H7N9病毒的报告发生在2014年，当时，一名女性被确诊感染了禽流感。
Confirm证实，确认，根据was reported in 2014可知，是过去的事情，先行词是2014，定语从句也用一般过去时，排除B、D；woman与confirm是动宾关系，即她是被确诊的，故选C。
考点：考查时态与被动语态3．It is the third time so far that such a festival ________ in my hometown.A．is held B．has been heldC．will be held D．had been held【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查句式用法。
This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句，这是第一（二，三…）次…。
【备战高考】被动语态考点易错点的总结一、单项选择被动语态1．More than one worker ______ dismissed.A．have been B．areC．has been D．has【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致和语态。
句意：不止一个工人被解雇了。
如果主语由"many a,more than one ＋单数名词"构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式，故排除A和B，“工人”和“解雇”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选C。
2．(桂林部分学校高三质量检测)The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a coldfront________to arrive.A．will be expected B．is expectingC．expects D．is expected【答案】D【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。
句意为：预计将有一股冷锋到来，因此潮湿的天气明天将会继续。
a cold front与expect之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，expect是发生在现在的动作，要用一般现在时，故选D项。
答案：D3．The affairs of each country should be by its own people.A．elected B．settledC．developed D．contained【答案】B【解析】考查动词。
句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。
由句意可知，选settle，意为“解决”。
elect选举；develop 发展；contain 包含，控制。
故选B。
4．At the awarding ceremony held in Tokyo, the scientists were surprised by what ______ in science and technology.A．has discovered B．has been discoveredC．had discovered D．had been discovered【答案】D【解析】句意：在东京举行的颁奖仪式上，科学家们惊讶于科学技术的发现。
动词的语态知识梳理被动语态主要用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
易错知识点1. 混淆各个时态的被动语态被动语态的基本构成为“be＋过去分词”，各种时态的被动语态通过变化助动词be的形式来体现。
如：1.A new free way from Beijing to Shanghai is being bui lt now.2.The graduates from the university have been sent to work all over the country.3.The wounded was being operated by Doctor Wang this time yesterday.4.Supper had not been cooked when I got there last time.5.Professor Wang will be asked to attend the meeting.6.They asked the mayor what would be done to control the water pollution.1.1 易错例题He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he______A. was being followedB. was followingC. had been followedD. followed【陷阱】此类题目的考察结合了时态和语态。
学生往往顾上时态忘了语态，看了语态忘了时态。
【分析】最佳答案A。
根据句子成分可以判断出，he和follow是被动关系，排除B、D。
句子主句部分是一般过去时，且主句和从句的动作并没有明显的先后关系，不存在过去的过去。
根据句意：在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪，用过去进行时最合适。
高考被动语态考点易错点的总结一、单项选择被动语态1．An exhibition with 885 cultural relics to be displayed ________ at the Meridian Gate Gallery. A．was held B．would hold C．has hold D．will be held【答案】D【解析】【分析】考查时态语态。
【详解】句意：午门画廊将展出885件文物。
上文中的to be displayed表将来，故本句为一般将来时。
且主语An exhibition与谓语动词hold构成被动关系，故用will be held。
故选D。
2． A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman______ to be infected with the bird flu virus.A．confirmed B．had been confirmedC．was confirmed D．have confirmed【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：一例人感染H7N9病毒的报告发生在2014年，当时，一名女性被确诊感染了禽流感。
Confirm证实，确认，根据was reported in 2014可知，是过去的事情，先行词是2014，定语从句也用一般过去时，排除B、D；woman与confirm是动宾关系，即她是被确诊的，故选C。
考点：考查时态与被动语态3．一When shall we start the restoration of the historic buildings?一Not until our plan________ by the committee．A．will be approved B．approvesC．is to approve D．has been approved【答案】D【解析】这题考查时态语态，our plan和approve是被动关系，用被动，选择A或D。
被动语态考点易错点的总结一、单项选择被动语态1．Many subway stations, including the one near our school, ________ at present for a better transport in the city.A．are constructing B．are being constructed C．is constructing D．is being constructed 【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词时态语态。
句意：许多地铁站，包括我们学校附近的地铁站，目前正在建设中，以便有更便利的交通。
此处表示动作正在进行，句中主语Many subway stations和动词construct是被动关系，所以此处用现在进行时的被动，与主语一致，故选B.【点睛】现在进行时的被动结构：be + being+过去分词A number of Dongfeng trucks are being shipped abroad.一批东风卡车正被运往国外。
1）“be being done” 中的动词be应随主语作相应的变化。
2）将现在进行时的主动语态变为现在进行时的被动语态的关键是：把be doing变为be being done.例1. The students are cleaning the classroom now. →The classroom is being cleaned now.现在学生们正在打扫教室。
(are cleaning变为is being cleaned)例2. The boy is counting some sheep. →Some sheep are being counted.那男孩正在数羊。
(is counting 变为 are being counted)2．The two nurses ________ 100，000 yuan by the police but donated it to victims of the explosion.A．rewarded B．would be rewardedC．have been rewarded D．had been rewarded【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：这两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元，但是她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者。
【备战高考】被动语态考点易错点的总结一、单项选择被动语态1．Louis Cha (金庸) passed away. As for his achievement, there is such a comment, “He ______ the Nobel Prize for Literature with his written works translated into English.”A．could have been rewarded B．must have been rewardedC．should be rewarded D．need have been rewarded【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done用法。
句意：金庸去世了，至于他的成就，有这样的评论：他本能获得诺贝尔文学奖用他的被翻译成了英语的著作。
A. could have been rewarded本可以被授予；B. must have been rewarded一定被授予；C. should be rewarded应该被授予；D. need have been rewarded本必要被授予。
根据语境，A选项正确。
【点睛】could have done可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句。
用于肯定句既可以表示过去能够做而实际未做，有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能”，也可以表示对过去动作的推测，常可译为“可能（已经)”。
本句表达金庸本能获得诺贝尔文学奖，但却没有获得的惋惜。
故A选项正确。
2．It is the third time so far that such a festival ________ in my hometown.A．is held B．has been heldC．will be held D．had been held【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查句式用法。
This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句，这是第一（二，三…）次…。
高考英语动词的语态易错知识点知识梳理被动语态主要用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
表格总览：易错知识点1. 混淆各个时态的被动语态被动语态的基本构成为“be＋过去分词”，各种时态的被动语态通过变化助动词be的形式来体现。
如：1.A new free way from Beijing to Shanghai is being bui lt now.2.The graduates from the university have been sent to work all over the country.3.The wounded was being operated by Doctor Wang this time yesterday.4.Supper had not been cooked when I got there last time.5.Professor Wang will be asked to attend the meeting.6.They asked the mayor what would be done to control the water pollution.1.1 易错例题He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he______A. was being followedB. was followingC. had been followedD. followed【陷阱】此类题目的考察结合了时态和语态。
学生往往顾上时态忘了语态，看了语态忘了时态。
【分析】最佳答案A。
根据句子成分可以判断出，he和follow是被动关系，排除B、D。
句子主句部分是一般过去时，且主句和从句的动作并没有明显的先后关系，不存在过去的过去。
最新被动语态考点易错点的总结一、单项选择被动语态1．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days.A．are trapping B．have been trappedC．were trapping D．had been trapped【答案】D【解析】考查语态和时态。
句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。
“who___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。
由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。
综上，D选项正确。
点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done。
2．Our teacher keeps telling us that the future to the well-educated.A．belonging B．belongs C．is belonging D．is belonged【答案】B【解析】考查短语：belong to 属于，没有进行时态没有被动语态。
故答案选B。
3．(桂林部分学校高三质量检测)The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a cold front________to arrive.A．will be expected B．is expectingC．expects D．is expected【答案】D【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。
高考被动语态考点易错点的总结一、单项选择被动语态1．A new function of China’s official train ticket booking website ______to boost buyers’ chances of obtaining a ticket during the upcoming Spring Festival travel rush.A．will be expected B．expects C．has been expected D．is expected【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。
句意：中国火车票预订官网的一项新功能有望在即将到来的春运期间增加购票机会。
be expected to do表示“有望……”，常用于一般现在时，故D项正确。
2．The two nurses ________ 100，000 yuan by the police but donated it to victims of the explosion.A．rewarded B．would be rewardedC．have been rewarded D．had been rewarded【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：这两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元，但是她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者。
根据“but donated it to victims of the explosion.”，可知“她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者”已经是发生在过去的事情，而“两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元”是发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时，且“两位护士”和“奖赏”是被动关系，故用被动语态，选D。
考点：考查时态和语态3．It is the third time so far that such a festival ________ in my hometown.A．is held B．has been heldC．will be held D．had been held【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查句式用法。
高考被动语态总结以及易错点一、单项选择被动语态1．No decision __A_ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.A．will be made B．is madeC．is being made D．has been made【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查时态，主语是decision和动词make是动宾关系，所以用被动式，因为后面的句子about any future appointment可以知道动作未发生，所以用将来时，句子意思“关于未来会议没有做出任何决定直到所有的报考者已经被采访”，所以选A考点：考查时态点评：做时态题时，首先看时间状语，由时间状语来确定句子的时态；如果没有时间状语，可以根据隐含的意思来确定句子时态。
2．—Will Uncle Peterson come to my birthday party tomorrow?—Pity he ______ to Zimbabwe as a volunteer teacher.A．was sent B．has been sentC．had been sent D．would be sent【答案】B【解析】考查时态和语态。
句意：——Peterson叔叔明天会来参加我的生日聚会吗？——很可惜他已经被派到Zimbabwe去做志愿教师了。
由语境可知，Uncle Peterson被派到Zimbabwe这是发生在过去的事情，这个动作对现在产生了影响，故该空应用现在完成时态。
且主语he和send之间是被动关系，故该句要用被动语态。
综上，B选项正确。
3．The new library ________; it will be open next year.A．had been built B．was builtC．was being built D．is being built【答案】D【解析】考查时态和语态。
高考被动语态考点易错点的总结一、选择题1．一The manager has come back from his business trip. He's asking you for the report.一Oh, my god! I haven't finished it yet. But he ________ back at the company tomorrow. A．will expect B．expected C．was expected D．is expected 2．— Mom, can I eat a hamburger? —- Sure, if the dishes __________.A．washed B．are washed C．will wash D．will be washed 3．When you visit a museum, some instructions should ________ and we’d better not ________ them.A．pay attention to; be against B．be paid attention; againstC．be paid attention to; against D．be paid attention to; be against4．We're sure that the environment in our city ______ greatly through our work in the near future. A．improved B．was improved C．has improved D．will be improved 5．In Switzerland, things like glass and plastic ______ into different groups and then recycled. A．separate B．separated C．are separated D．is separated 6．—Excuse me, Mum. When can we have dinner?—Not until it ___________in half an hour.A．is prepared B．has been preparedC．will be prepared D．was prepared7．—My father works in Chengdu. It takes him much time to go home every month.—Don’t worry. It’ll be easier and quicker after Taizhou High-Speed Rail Station _______. A．builds B．is built C．will build D．will be built 8．As soon as books ________, the volunteers posted them to the students in Hope Primary School.A．are raised B．were raised C．raised D．have raised 9．—Are you going to Sam’s birthday party the day after tomorrow?—I’m not sure. I will go with you if I ______.A．will invite B．invite C．will be invited D．am invited 10．When the natural park _____ ，it will be a good place for people to play and relax.A．has completed B．will complete C．is completed D．will be completed 11．On Jack's birthday, many gifts and love ________ to him.A．was given B．is given C．are given D．were given 12．— Soccer first started in England in the 12th century, didn't it?— Yes, but now it ________all over the world.A．plays B．is played C．is playing D．has played 13．Last March, thousands of trees ______ along the street to make our city more beautiful. A．were planted B．were planting C．would plant D．planted 14．Chinese __________by more and more people in the world now.A．speak B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 15．Different kinds of robots________in the coming robot show in our city.A．display B．are displayed C．will display D．will be displayed 16．—I saw several boxes of books at the gate of our school just now.—They ________ to children in poor areas.A．were sent B．are sent C．will be sent D．were being sent 17．—How do you like the poem ? —It’s a bit too long, but anyway, it________well. A．reads B．is read C．is reading D．has read 18．—Excuse me, when can we play basketball in the playground?— Not until the playground ________ next week.A．repairs B．will be repaired C．is repaired D．will repair 19．—I’m afraid I can’t finish the task in such a short time.—Don’t worry. Can you finish it, if you ________ two more days?A．will give B．will be given C．give D．are given 20．—Have you finished your report, Jim?—Not yet. I will make it if I________ two more days.A．give B．will give C．am given D．will be given 21．The film Hi! Mom has received high praise since it ________ on screen on February 12. A．was put B．is put C．has been put D．will be put 22．After the Chinese spacecraft’s landing on Mars ________ on May 16, 2021, we felt even prouder of our country.A．announces B．announced C．were announced D．was announced 23．—Mr Li, could you please tell me ________?—Sorry, I’m not sure. You can ask Miss Xiao.A．where was Chinese Kung fu taught B．how often the dragon boat race holds C．when did the ancient Silk Road start D．how much the Chinese painting there is 24．—Henry, did you drive back to your hometown during the May Day holiday?— No. I was ________ to take the train because the traffic is often the busiest on the highway. A．praised B．taught C．prevented D．advised 25．The twins ________ the guitar at this time the day before yesterday. I think they might be preparing for the art festival these days.A．were heard playing B．heard to play C．heard playing D．were heard to play 26．With the development of 5G technology, more self-driving cars ________ in the near future. A．use B．are used C．will use D．will be used 27．— When shall we hand in our book review on The Kite Runner?— As soon as it ________.A．completes B．is completed C．will complete D．will be completed 28．Yancheng SRT Line 1 ________ last year, now it makes people’s life easier and faster. A．finished B．was finished C．is finished D．finishes29．At last, the girl was made _________ to music and began to do her homework.A．stop listening B．to stop to listenC．to stop listening D．stop to listen30．— Mum, may I watch TV for a while?— As soon as your homework _______ you can.A．finishes B．will finish C．is finished D．will be finished 31．—It’s s o cold! Why not close the window?—Sorry. It________. I’ll have it________.A．won’t be shut , repaired B．won’t shut , repairingC．haven’t shut , repairing D．isn’t shutting , repairing32．Last year, five Chinese teachers ________ to a school in the UK to teach the British students in Chinese styles for four weeks.A．were sent B．sent C．have sent D．have been sent 33．After the first lunar samples ________, Chang’e 5 finished its task on the moon.A．collect B．collected C．were collected D．will be collected 34．— Excuse me, where is the nearest post office? —It’s ________ to the bank, but it ________ for a few days.A．close; has closed B．close; has been closed C．closed; has been closed D．closed; has been close35．Yancheng-Xuzhou high-speed railway ________ in 2019. Now it brings much convenience to people.A．finishes B．finished C．is finished D．was finished 36．When he went abroad for further study, his parents and children _______ by his wife. A．are well taken care of B．took good care ofC．were taken good care D．were taken good care of37．—A meeting ________ in our community to show people how to sort their garbage this weekend.—That’s great. Let’s go to the meeting together.A．will hold B．will be held C．hold D．is held 38．—Aunt Li, who is the lovely boy in red in the picture?—It’s my son. The picture ________ 10 years ago.A．took B．is taken C．has taken D．was taken 39．—A great deal of money ________ at the charity show!—Yes, but the cost of living ________ a lot, so we still need to do a lot for the children in poor areas.A．raised; rose B．raised; has risen C．was raised; rose D．was raised; has risen40．Your order ________ if you fail to pay for it in 15 minutes on Meituan.A．cancels B．is cancelled C．will cancel D．will be cancelled 【参考答案】一、选择题1．C【详解】句意：经理出差回来了他要你写报告。
