雅思4.4 reading
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Lost for wordsMany minority languages are on the danger listIn the native american navajo nation，which sprawls across four states in the american south-west，thenative language is dying 在里本土的n国民，which延伸跨越四个州在里美国西南部T语言是正在死亡Most of its speakers are middle-aged or elderly。
Although many students take classes in navajo，the schools are run in english。
Street signs supermarket goods and even their own newspaper are all in english。
Not surprisingly，linguists doubt that any native speakers of navajo will remain in a hundred years’time 很多的它的说话者是中年或者老人的。
虽然很多学生取学校在里n，这学校是跑在里英语。
街道Navajo is far from alone。
Half the world，s 6800 languages are likely to vanish within two generations—that，s one language lost every ten days。
Never before had the planet，s linguistic diversity shrunk at such a pace。
N不是唯一一个。
一半这地球的6800 语言是很可能去消失在里两个代that是一个语言丢失每十天。
从未有过星球的语言的多样性缩减在入一个步伐‘at the moment，we are heading for about three or four language dominating the world’says m，an evolutionary biologist at the university of reading。
‘it，s a mass extinction，and whether we will ever rebound from the loss is difficult to know’在这时刻我们是面临为关于3或4语言支配着地球他是大多消失and 是否我们将回弹从这丢失是很难去知道Isolation breeds linguistic diversity：as a result，the world is peppered with languages spoken by only a few people 。
Only 250 languages have more than a million speakers，and at least 3000 have fewer than 2500。
it is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear。
孤立产生语言多样性：即一个结果，这地球是被布满用语言口头通过只有几个人。
只有250语言有更多比一百万说话者，and at至少3000有较少比2500。
他不是应该的这些小的语言that 是关于去不显示的N is considered endangered despite having 15000 speakers。
What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers，but how old they are。
If it is spoken by children it is relatively safe。
The critically endangered languages are those that are only spoken by the elderly，according to michael k，director of the alassk n language center in fairbanksN是被考虑危险的尽管有150000说者。
什么造成一个语言变危险不是只是这数目of说者，而是多老他们。
如果他是被说通过孩子他是相对安全的。
这危机的濒危的语言是那些that是只有被说通过老的，一致to m，主任ofWhy do people reject the language of their parents？It begins with a crisis of confidence，when a small community finds itself alongside a large，wealthier society，‘people lose faith in their culture’he says。
‘when the next generation reaches their teens they might not want to be induced into the old traditions’为什么做人们拒绝这语言of他们的父母？他开始于一个危机of信任，当一个小的社区发现他自己在旁一个大的，富有对的社会，人们丢失信念在里他们的文化。
当着下一代到达他们的青少年他们可能不会想去诱导在里这老的传统The change is not always voluntary。
Quite often，governments try to kill off a minority language by banning its use in public or discouraging its use in schools，all to promote national unity。
这个改变不是总是自发的。
很多时候，政治家们尝试去抹杀一个小数语言通过禁止它的使用在里大众或者阻止它的使用在里学校所有去推广国家统一The former us policy of running indian reservation schools in english，for example，effectively put languages such as n on the danger list。
But s who chairs the linguistics department at the university of chicago，argues that the deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic globalisation。
这以前美国政策fo 推行i保留学校在里英语，为例子，有效的推行语言如同n之上这危机名单。
但是s who 主任这语言学的濒危at the 大学，争论that 这最致命的武器不是政府的政策而是经济上的全球化‘n americans have not lost pride in their language，but they have had to adapt to socio-economic pressures’。
‘they cannot refuse to speak english if most commercial activity is in english’。
N美国的没有丢失自豪在里他们的语言，但是他们有必须适应去社会经济的压力。
他们不能拒绝去说英语如果大多的商业活动是在里英语But are languages worth saving？At the very least，there is a loss of data for the study of languages and their evolution，which relies on comparisons between languages，both living and dead。
When an unwritten and unrecorded language disappears，it is lost to science。
但是语言值得去保护吗? 至少，这些事一个遗失的数据为这研究of语言and 他们的进化，which 信任在之上比较之间语言，两个活and死。
当一个不成文的and没有记录的语言消失，它是丢失对于科学Language is also intimately bound up with culture，so it may be difficult to preserve one without the other。
‘if a person shifts from n to english，they lose something’‘moreover，the loss of diversity may also deprive us of different ways of looking at the world，’。
语言是也亲密的结合与文化，所以他可能困难去保存一个没有这其他。
如果一个个人从n到英语，他们失去什么，此外这丢失的多样性可能也丧失我们的不同方法看世界There is mounting evidence that learning a language produces physiological changes in the brain。
‘your brain and mine are different from the brain of someone who speaks french，for instance，’pagel says，and this could affect our thoughts and perceptions 。
‘the patterns and connections we make among various concepts may be structured by the linguistic habits of our community。
’这些是越来越多证据that 学习一个语言生成生理变化在里大脑。
‘你的大脑and我的是不同从大脑of某人who说法语，为实例。
