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专题02 非谓语动词目录考点聚焦：核心考点，有的放矢重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升学以致用：提升专练，全面突破考点一非谓语动词的形式及意义考点二非谓语动词作状语考点三非谓语动词作定语考点四非谓语动词作宾语考点五非谓语动词作宾补考点六非谓语动词作主语和表语考点七如何解答非谓语动词类题目考点一非谓语动词的形式及意义非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to do to be done其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have done to have been done其表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doing being done其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式having done having been done其表示的动作先于句中modern market.很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。
There are still many problems before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。
考点二非谓语动词作状语(一)不定式作状语1．作目的状语。
可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.为了享受数字支付的便利，很多老年人开始使用智能。
Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year her.她母亲计划每年至少四次飞到北京去看她。
第2讲非谓语动词非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是高考的必考项目。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。
非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。
该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ改编)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing ①constructions of delicate dumpling wrappersencasing ①hot ，tasty soup and sweet ，fresh meat ，are far and away my favorite Chinese streetfood.The dumplings arrive steaming ①and dangerously hot.To eat ②one ，you have to decidewhether to bite ②a small hole in it first ，releasing ①the steam and risking ①a spill(溢出)，or to put ②the whole dumpling in your mouth ，letting ①the hot soup explode ②on your tongue(舌头)．Shanghai may be the recognized ③home of the soup dumplings ，but food historians willactually point you to the neighboring ①ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao ’sbirthplace.There ，you ’ll find them prepared ③differently—more dumpling and less soup ，and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled.Nanxiang aside ，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin ，allowing ①them to be lifted ②out ofthe steamer basket without tearing ①or spilling ①any of their contents.The meat should be freshwith a touch of sweetness ，and the surrounding ①soup hot ，clear and delicious.No matter where I buy them ，one steamer basket is rarely enough ，yet two seems greedy ，and so I am always left wanting ①more next time.[规则感悟]上文中加黑部分都是非谓语动词，①为动词-ing 形式，其中amazing ，encasing ，neighboring 和surrounding 作定语；steaming ，releasing ，risking ，letting 和allowing 作状语；tearing 和spilling 作宾语；wanting 作补语。
知识运用篇专题四语法填空有提示词填空第2讲非谓语动词•技法1：知晓句法功能•高考语法填空对非谓语动词的考查多为基本句法功能的考查，因此掌握非谓语动词的句法功能对解题非常重要。
•(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots，______________(use) twigs(树枝)to remove it.•[解题思路]•①首先分析句子结构→句子缺少非谓语•②然后分析非谓语句法功能→非谓语作状语•③最后判断主被动关系→people和use存在主动关系•尝试解答：_using_•[技法解读]•1.非谓语动词作定语•(1)非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来时要想到用不定式。
I have many letters to write tomorrow afternoon.我明天下午有许多信要写。
•(2)非谓语动词作定语时，表正在进行或主动进行时要想到用现在分词。
•The boy playing in the playground is my brother.正在操场上玩耍的那个小男孩是我弟弟。
•(3)非谓语动词作定语时，表示已经完成或被动完成时要想到用过去分词。
•The trees blown down in the storm have been moved off the road.•在风暴中被刮倒的树木已被移出道路。
•2．非谓语动词作状语•(1)非谓语动词作目的状语、出乎意料的结果状语或某些形容词(表喜、怒、哀、乐)表语后的原因状语时，要想到用不定式。
•Firemen had to break in to reach the people trapped inside.•为了抢救困在屋里的人，消防人员不得不破门而入。
•(2)非谓语动词作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语、条件状语或意料之中的结果状语时，如果动词和逻辑主语存在主动关系，要想到用现在分词。
班级姓名学号分数Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle动词不定式做主语（时间：60分钟，满分：100分）一、单项选择(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)1．It’s very nice ________ pictures for me.A．of you to draw B．for you to drawC．for you drawing D．of you drawing2．It took unusual determination and courage _________ the gap between the middle class and the poor. A．bridged B．to bridge C．bridge D．bridging3．It took years of work________the industrial pollution and clear the water.A．reducing B．to reduce C．reduced D．reduce4．It is exciting ________ competing athletes reach the other end of the swimming pool.A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．that5．________ a better me is my goal.A．Be B．To be C．Having been D．Am6．It is very difficult for me ________ such a naughty boy.A．teaching B．to teach C．taught D．teaches7．________ there by bike will take us one and a half hours.A．To get B．Gets C．Got D．Have got8．Once the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland ________.A．recover B．to recover C．recovered D．recovering9．______ hard outside school is necessary and important in learning English.A．Work B．To work C．Walking D．Walked10．It is difficult for a foreigner ________ Chinese.A．write B．to write C．to be written D．written11．It’s really kind ________ you ________ help me with my English.A．for, to B．of, to C．for, for D．of, for12．It takes me half an hour________ to work every day.A．to walk B．walking C．walked D．walk13．________the Great Wall is Mr. Smith's dream of this year.A．To visit B．Visit C．Visited D．Visits14．It’s interesting ________ the children __________there.A．watching; playing B．to watch ; to playC．to watch; playing D．watching ; play15．It’s always difficult ______ in a foreign country, especially when you don’t speak the language.A．being B．to beC．having been D．to have been二、用单词的适当形式完成句子(本大题共35小题，每小题2分，共70分)16．For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it’s increasingly difficult ________(find) workers interested in watching cattle.17．How long did it take him ___________(get) to the station?18．There is no doubt that it is vital________(know)some knowledge of first aid as danger lies everywhere and accidents happen from time to time.19．It was brave of this young guy ______ (quit ) his job and start his own business on his own.20．It is a great honor for me ________(have) an opportunity to attend the interview here today.21．It is a great honor ________ (deliver) a speech to share with you my opinions.22．It is difficult for us ________(do) so much work in such a short time.23．It’s impossible __________(crowd)any more football supporters in.24．It is often appropriate__________(use)the local dialect to communicate your message.25．It is normal________(feel)nervous at first when you make a speech in public.26．It is vital________(stop)using disposable chopsticks to protect forests.27．It is a gradual process for us________(learn) and grasp knowledge.28．Last summer, my parents and I paid a visit to Europe. It took us about 10 hours ________ (fly) from Beijing to London, Britain.29．With such busy lives, it can be hard _______(try) and find the time to work out.30．It was important _________（find）out who broke the window.31．It is up to you ________(decide) whether to go shopping or not.32．It doesn’t suit her _________(have) her hair cut short.33．It’s impossible_________ (anticipate) when it will happen.34．It’s a great shame for me ________(laugh at) in front of so many people.35．It’s convenient for us________ (use) the Internet to search for information.36．Not that I don’t want to help, but that it’s beyond my power ________(monitor) or chart their work progress. 37．It’s normal _________ (feel) anxious about your family’s safety.38．If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude________(move)?39．It took him a long period of time___________(finish) his revision.40．In some countries, it is traditional for a bride___________(wear) white.41．It’s a very ordinary thing _________(keep) your distance from strangers.42．Many people witnessed the car accident, so it was not difficult____________(investigate).43．It is generous of you ___________(lend) your digital camera to me.44．It is a shameful behaviour________(say) such sharp words to your seniors.45．I don’t think it is difficult________(learn) a foreign language well.46．It is difficult ________(understand) why she barks every minute.47．It’s her responsibility ________(ensure)the project finishes on time.48．He says it’s not easy ________(convince) people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. 49．It is essential for us ________(know) all the facts.50．The professor is easy________ (approach), and all the young teachers like to ask for advice from him.参考答案：1．A【详解】考查固定句型和形式主语。
第二部分知识透析1．概述动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。
动词不定式具有动词的性质，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语。
它还可以有形式的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行时，主动式和被动式。
同时，动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副词，可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
2.动词不定式的构成动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。
主动形式被动形式否定式一般式to do to be done not to do/ not to bedone进行式to be doing not to be doing完成式to have done to have been done not to have (been)done完成进行式to have beennot to have been doingdoing2.1不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。
（同时发生）To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.为了赶上火车，我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。
（赶火车发生在到站之后）2.2不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候，天碰巧在下雨。
I'm glad to be traveling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。
有时表示即将发生的动作The old man seems to be dying.2.3不定式的完成式2.3.1不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
第2节非谓语动词高频考点梳理1.在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语The teacher devoted his life to his career，making most of his students successful in study.这位老师把他的一生都奉献给了他的事业，使他的大部分学生在学习上取得了成功。
2.在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语Having worked with children，I know what is needed most.和孩子们一起工作后，我知道什么是最需要的。
3.在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可用非谓语动词With her baby sleeping on her back，the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.这位妇女在打扫富人的房子，她的孩子正睡在她的背上。
4.在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear...等使役动词或感官动词后面作宾语补足语时，也可用非谓语动词Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.别让她在雨中等了。
5.“连词＋分词”，可以在分词前面加上连词when，while，if，unless，once，though，even if，no matter...等，但分词的逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致。
When taken according to directions，the drug has no side-effects.按照说明书服药，这个药就没有副作用。
易错点梳理1.表面上考分词，实际上考形容词的情况The man won a big prize，surprised and happy.这个男子中了大奖，又惊喜又快乐。
句中surprised形式上是过去分词，但已转化为形容词，在句中作状语(或主语补足语)。
第二章 | 谓语动词和非谓语动词。
今天的这篇文章是要教大家顿悟谓语动词和非谓语动词。
上一章我们讲解的词性和句法是英语学习的基础，让大家对英语这门语言有了初步的认识，也对基础语法有了一定的了解。
从上一章内容可以看出，动词是一个句子的核心，具有非常重要的意义，既是英语学习的重点，也是一大难点，这一章我们的任务便是为同学们解决这个重难点。
我们的学习将分为两大部分，第一部分是谓语动词，第二部分是非谓语动词，这两个部分对基础不够扎实的同学来说具有一定难度，希望同学们认真学习，仔细摸索。
语法名词：谓语动词、非谓语动词、助动词、动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词核心讲解：大家首先来看一个结构图：动词就是表示动作或状态的词。
动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词：我们都知道一个句子中必须有谓语动词，就好比一个家庭中必须有“老婆”。
在这里我们把动词比作“女人”、谓语动词比作“老婆”、非谓语动词比作“女朋友”。
“老婆”和“女朋友”的区在于有没有一张“结婚证”，这个“结婚证”就是“辅助性动词”（也就是“在”、“被”、“已经”这三个词）。
“女朋友”+“结婚证”=“老婆”，也就是非谓语动词+助动词=谓语动词，这也是我们在第一章中讲过的内容。
比如He was playing basketball. 这个句中，助动词was+非谓语动词playing（play 的现在分词），一起构成句子的谓语动词was playing（在玩）.助动词was就是“结婚证”，非谓语动词playing就是“女朋友”。
要点拓展：一、谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别1.Tony sat on the chair, reading.（托尼坐在椅子上，读着书。
）主语谓语地点状语伴随状语首先，我们明确三点：一，谓语动词是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，放在主语之后；二，谓语动词有可能是实意动词（比如play就是有实在的含义“玩”），也有可能是系动词（be=是，感官动词，趋势动词三种）；三，谓语动词有三人称单数、时态和语态的变化。
专题02 动词时态和非谓语动词新高考真题全收录—动词的时态、语态和主谓一致1（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected,答案：were解析：考查时态和主谓一致。
句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。
设空处在that 引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。
故填were。
2（2022新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.答案：is designed解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。
句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。
第二部分语法知识贯通专题二非谓语动词题组1 限时模拟A单句填空1.[2021四川绵阳一诊,67]BeiDou Navigation Satellite System adopts a unique two-way communication system, including its ability (receive) messages sent by people from areas with poor signals.2.[2021天津八校联考,28] (release) on September 25,2020, Leap, which focuses on the story of Chinese Women Volleyball Team, soon became a great hit.3.[2021安徽江淮十校二测,42]Though he studied for the civil service exam to becomea civil servant like his father, Du Fu failed (pass) and spent many years traveling.4.[2021山西太原质量监测,63]The people born in the 1980s or 1990s believe that (save) food is a virtue.5.[2021黑龙江哈尔滨部分学校第一次考试,64]Plum rains, often (occur)during June and July, refer to the long period of continuous rainy or cloudy weather.6.[2021河南名校联考,61 & 62]Ant Forest (found) by Ant Financial Services Group has received a 2019 Champions of the Earth award, the UN’s highest environmental honor. Ant Forest improves greener lifestyles by inspiring users (reduce) carbon emissions in their daily lives and better protect the environment.7.[2021江苏百校联考,67 & 68]You may have noticed how busy tree squirrels are in fall, (search) for every last seed and nut that can be found and stocking their tree homes with enough food (get) them through winter.8.[2021贵州贵阳摸底考试,70]I also look forward to (open) chances to expose the people of my country to Chinese culture.9.[2021山西太原质量监测,64]Young people also give their opinions on how (help)reduce food waste.10.[2021陕西百校联盟第一次模拟,61]A 56-year-old enthusiastic backyard birdwatcher named Stuart Dahlquist spent years (leave) out food for a family of crows. 11.[2021河北衡水中学期中,80]Busily (employ) in cleaning his shoes, he didn’t notice my coming.12.[2021广东四市名校联考,36]A massive wildfire forces thousands of people (flee) their homes.13.[2021辽宁六校协作体联考,60]The plants are irrigated by (use) a simple drip system(滴灌系统).14.[2020广东六校联考,62]The tea from China is in great abundance. (tell) ifa pot of tea is nice you can mainly rely on the color, smell, taste and form.15.[2020山东临沂期中,64]People with a healthy lifestyle and good genetic inheritance(遗传特征)tend(score)"younger" on these assessments.16.[2020四川绵阳一诊,61]Li Na became the first Asian-born player (head) to the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2019.17.[2020湖南益阳、湘潭两市教学质量测评,43]They are as important as a birthday cake with its candles (light) in western countries.18.[2020黑龙江大庆铁人中学期中,14]The careless driver is (blame) for the traffic accident that happened yesterday.B单句改错19.[2021豫湘名校联考]I think attend extra classes during the weekends will make me to rely on them.20.[2021江西名校第二次联考]After get home,I talked to my parents about my idea.21.[2021吉林省吉林市一调]I have a good command of English and I’m confident in giving players guidance and help as requiring.22.[2021黑龙江八校联考]I appreciate the beauty hiding in literature.23.[2021安徽四校适应性测试]Tea has a long history in China, dated back to 5, 000 years ago.24.[2021河南新乡一模]Only by making good preparations for exams can we avoid suffer from the pressure.25.[2021江西临川一中考试]People will surely take it for granted that they have the duty prevent any killing of wild animals.26.[2021四省八校开学考]Some students play mobile phones or sleep in class, waste large quantities of precious time.27.[2021山西运城期中]I’m glad to hear that you a re considering make up with Peter.28.[2020辽宁五校协作体联考]From then on,we managed to spare half an hour every day to reading books,however busy we were.29.[2020河北石家庄摸底考试]Journey to the West is a fantastic story setting in the Tang dynasty.30.[2020安徽示范高中名校联考]I often help making tea and drink together with him.题组2 精选真题A单句填空1.[2020全国П,65]They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.2.[2020全国Ш,69]And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.3.[2020浙江,63]Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.4.[2020北京,5]It takes them hundreds of years (break) down.5.[2020天津,4] (help)us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.6.[2020江苏,31]Technological innovations, (combine)with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.7.[2020浙江1月,57]The median(中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30 — today it is 41 and is expected (increase) to 42 by 2050.8.[2019全国Ι,64]Modern methods...are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.9.[2019全国П,65]…she had no plans(retire) from her 36-year-old business.10.[2019全国П,68]When w e got a call (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.11.[2019全国Ш,62]On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take (get) there.12.[2019天津,10]Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially (design)to help them succeed academically and personally.13.[2019江苏,32]China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries (recognize) its role in international affairs.14.[2018全国Ш,64 & 65]I quickly lower m yself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel(challenge).15.[2018全国П,70]China’s approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers wo rldwide," says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.16.[2018浙江11月,62]Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem (call) caffeinism.17.[2018全国Ι,62]You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.18.[2018北京,10]Ordinary soap, (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.19.[2018江苏,26]Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed)the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.20.[2018全国Ш,70]Once his message was delivered, he allowed me(stay) and watch.21.[2018天津,7]I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take).22.[2018北京,3] (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.23.[2018浙江,59]I still remember (visit) a friend who’d lived here f or five years…24.[2017乙卷(全国Ι),63]Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required (process) the food that we eat...25.[2017丙卷(全国Ш),61]But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term (rest).26.[2017北京,27]Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save) their valuable time.27.[2017北京,30]The national park has a large collection of wildlife, (range) from butterflies to elephants.28.[2017天津,10]I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train (catch).29.[2017丙卷(全国Ш),65]But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.30.[2016四川,64]For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something (eat)!31.[2016丙卷(全国Ш),64]People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.32.[2016丙卷(全国Ш),63]Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create)special designs.33.[2016天津,4]The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, (make)air conditioning unnecessary.34.[2016乙卷(全国Ι),67]My ambassadorial duties will include(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.B单句改错35.[2020全国Ш改错]I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things, we may become ill.36.[2019全国Ш改错]If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.37.[2019全国Ш改错]Now my dream is to opens a cafe.38.[2018全国Ш改错]Everyone was silent, wait to see who would...39.[2018全国П改错]As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many timesI asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.40.[2016甲卷(全国П)改错]We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.41.[2016丙卷(全国Ш)改错]I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.A专项语篇型填空(非谓语动词)Standing at the window of an expensive shop was a young woman 1 (dress)in blue jeans. She went in and asked 2 (see) a dress in the window. The assistant 3 (serve) her did not like the way she dressed and told her the dress was sold. Thewoman walked out of the shop angrily. 4 (decide) to punish the assistant, the woman returned to the shop the following morning. Finding the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, he was eager 5 (serve)her this time. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window 6 (get) the dress. Seeing this, the woman said that she didn’t like it. She made the assistant7 (bring) almost everything in the window before finally 8 (buy) the dress shehad asked for at first. She was very pleased with what she had done.9 (recognize)the woman by now, the assistant didn’t feel angry. Instead, he feltsorry for what he had done the day before, 10 (apologize) to her for what he had done. The woman forgave him and later became a regular customer of the shop.B语法填空[2021山东部分重点中学综合测试]Kang Yu, a 24-year-old volunteer teacher in a remote town in the mountains of Yunnan province, was teaching calligraphy to the eighth graders when all of 1 sudden, the clouds seemed to burst and the electricity went out. 2 (see) that the students were staring at the rain, Kang 3 (immediate) got a burst of inspiration.She told them to go outside, under a shelter, to enjoy the rain and come back to write something like a poem. Much __4 her surprise, the works written by the students were far beyond her expectations!Inspired by that class, Kang founded the non-profit organization, Enlighten Our Future, to help Chinese youngsters improve their mental well-being and their exam grades through poetry composition and 5 (appreciate). She managed to persuade 13 schools 6 (adopt) the "Four-Season Poetry Lessons" project, with a teaching plan, content and methods she provided. So far, the poetry lessons 7 (design) by the organization have helped 68,000 students in 823 primary and middle schools, mostly in poor areas. Now Enlighten Our Future 8 (run) by three full-time workers, including Kang, 60 part-time workers, 280 backups and more than 1,000 volunteers.What’s great about poetry is that it can help one to find an 9 (effect) way to communicate with oneself, she says. "What they need is not sympathy, but recognition, 10 I think will influence their whole life."C短文改错[2021山西太原质量检测]In order to celebrated National Day and the Mid-Autumn Festival,and we had an 8-day holiday.After it,my classmates and I were talking about how to do during the holiday excitedly.Then we decided to go to help the farmers instead of stay at home.As soon as we arrived at farm,we were attracted by the apples hanging on the branches.We couldn’t wait to pick the apples,which were the most interesting work.Particular,we were allowed to choose what we liked best and taste them.We d idn’t feel boring at all even though the job was tiring.We worked for 5 hours happily unless the sun set.答案专题二非谓语动词题组1 限时模拟A单句填空1.to receive 此处考查固定用法ability to do sth."做某事的能力"。
第2讲非谓语动词做宾补的归纳教学目标：在前面非谓语动词单项选择的基础上，进行理论和实践的提高，争取在综合能力上有所突破。
第一部分：非谓语动词做宾补的情形和考点一：分词、不定式做宾语补足语的区别1.感官动词see,watch,observe,look at, hear, listen to ,notice等和使役动词have后面的宾补有两种情况：①当宾语与宾语补足语这个动作之间存在逻辑上的主动关系时，需用不带to的动词不定式或者现在分词doing。
前者表动作已完成，后者表动作正在进行。
如：I heard her sing an Englihs song just now.(主动，完成)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by.(主动，进行)②当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系时，需用过去分词或现在分词的被动形态being done（前者表完成或者没有具体的时间性，而后者表示正在进行）如：I heard an English song being sung when I passed by the room.I want to have my hair cut.(被动，没有具体的时间性)一定注意：不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示这个动作处于完成状态。
如：I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.(表完成)I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much .(不是说被改变，而是说变化已然产生了，注意这个change是不及物动词，如the world is always changing.一样)2.使役动词let后加复合宾语时，当宾语与宾语补足语在逻辑上为主动关系时，需用不带to的动词不定式；当宾语与宾语补足语在逻辑上为被动关系时，宾语补足语用“be + 过去分词“；如：Don’t let your child play with matches.Let there be no mistake about it.Let the work be done immediately.3.leave后接非谓语动词做补足语的时候，意思为“使…处于某种状态”搭配有：①leave sb doing sth.②Leave sth. undone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched③ Leave sb. to do sth.④ Leave sth. to be done如：It’s bad for you to leave the A/C working all night.The guests left most of the dishes untouched.He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.4.have, get后面接非谓语动词做宾语补足语时，意思为“使，让，叫”搭配有：①have/get sth. done (让某事由别人去做，让别人帮做某事)如：I’ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.②Have sth.done “使遭受…”如：Jack had his leg broken in a match.③Have sb/sth. doing 让…持续地做某事④Get sb./sth. doing 使…开始行动起来如：After a rest, the officer got the soldiers moving to the front.一定注意：have sb. doing 若是用在否定句中，have意思是“容忍”如：I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.⑤have sb. do sth.Get sb. to do sth. 叫某人去做某事如：My mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.二：下列动词后跟带to的不定式做补语Advise sb. to do, allow sb. to do, ask sb. to do,beg sb. to do,cause sb. to do,encourage sb. to do,expect sb. to do,forbid sb. to do, force sb. to do,get sb. to do, intend sb. to do, invite sb. to do,like sb. to do,love sb. to do,order sb. to do, persuade sb. to do, prefer sb. to do, require sb. to do, teach sb. to do, tell sb. to do, want sb. to do, warn sb. to do, wish sb. to do, think sb. to do, wait for sb. to do, call on sb. to do, depend on sb. to do,等等。
高考英语复习非谓语动词2（二）-ing形式：动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。
-ing形式仍保留有动词的特点，能够带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。
1、-ing的形式：-ing有一样式和完成式。
及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。
现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种2、-ing形式的差不多用法。
（1）作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
Talking is easier than doing. –ing作主语时，假如其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。
如：It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.（2）作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。
She likes drawing very much.；②作某些短语动词的宾语。
Mary is thinking of going back to New York.；③do+限定词（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing，表示“做…事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.；⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading. –ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?（4）作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing形式作定语用时，假如-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，假如是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词确实是该-ing的逻辑主语。
题组一体验真题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.(2015·重庆卷)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ________(use)the sun and the stars.2.(2015·陕西卷)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on ________ (thank)all the people who had helped in her career.3.(2015·陕西卷)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________(take)good care of at home.4.(2015·天津卷)________(absorb)in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.5.(2015·天津卷)________ (work)for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.6.(2015·安徽卷)________(ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.7.(2015·福建卷)________ (learn)more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.8.(2014·天津卷)Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only ________ (find) it didn't fit.9.(2014·天津卷)Clearly and thoughtfully ________ (write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.10.(2014·重庆卷)Group activities will be organized after class ________ (help) children develop teamspirit.11.(2014·福建卷)________ (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Lindaappears more mature than those of her age.12.(2014·江苏卷)The lecture ________ (give)，a lively question-and-answer session followed.13.(2014·湖南卷)Children，when ________ (accompany) by their parents，are allowed to enter thestadium.14.(2014·大纲全国卷)Today there are more airplanes ________ (carry) more people than ever before inthe skies.15.(2014·北京卷)Last night，there were millions of people ________ (watch) the opening ceremonylive on TV.16.(2014·北京卷)There are still many problems ________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay onthe Moon.17.(2014·山东卷)There's a note pinned to the door ________ (say) when the shop will open again.18.(2014·重庆卷)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________ (return) to our shop forquality problems.19.(2014·浙江卷)Amie Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________(appoint) to guard her.20.(2014·安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get ________(promote)，Henry did his best toperform his duty.21.(2014·四川卷)The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ (develop) after greateffort.22.(2014·陕西卷)It's quite hot today.Do you feel like ________ (go) for a swim?23.(2014·湖南卷)________ (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important aslearning to convey your affection and emotions.24.(2013·北京卷)When we saw the road ________ (block) with snow，we decided to spend the holidayat home.25.(2013·重庆卷)The engine just won't start.Something seems ________ (go) wrong with it.答案 ing 2.to thank 3.taken 4.Absorbed 5.Having worked 6.Ignoring7.To learn8.to find 9.written10.to help11.Having spent12.having been given13.accompanied14.carrying 15.watching16.to be solved17.saying18.returned19.appointed20.promoted21.developed22.going23.Understanding24.blocked25.to have gone题组二尝试模拟Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Please hand on the papers to those ________(seat) at the back of the classroom.2.The fireman told us the trouble they had ________ (get) the fire ________(control).3.After walking on the zigzag path to the mountain top for a few hours，the tourists gathered under trees ________ (provide) shade and sat down to have a rest.4.The students in our school expected there ________(be) more time for reviews and exercises before the College Entrance Examination next year.5.We've had a good start，but next，more work needs ________(do) to achieve the final success in English study.6.The boy，________ (occupy) with his school work every day，felt rather tired and wanted to have a whole day to relax.7.The old couple walked rather slowly，and could be seen，from time to time，to stop and rest，________(stare) out to sea.8.The airport is far from here，and ________(get) there on time，you'd better take a taxi.9.Whom do you expect to have ________(deliver) the baggage to the airport?10.With so many exercises ________(finish)，the students are having a hard time.11.We entered the café and sat down by the window，waiting ________(serve).12.These diagrams are especially helpful when we have a concrete problem ________(solve) at hand.13.People believe that the China Dream is not very difficult ________ (realize) so long as the wholenation works hard for it.14.There are some tall trees in our campus，some ________(measure) more than forty meters.15.Curious and ________(astonish)，I rushed out of my dormitory when I heard the noise of threegunshots.16.To answer a telephone call，the careless woman went out of the kitchen，________(leave) the soup________ (cook) over the gas.17.The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed ________(discover) the bigriver.18.Many of the one-family children are so accustomed to ________(praise) that they react violentlywhen they hear something different.19.All reference books ________(search)，he didn't find the key to the question.20.Ben received an invitation to dinner，and with his work ________(finish)，he accepted it happily.21.We tried ________ (open) the window，but it was still hot in the room.22.According to the new law，the people found ________(put up) “harmful”advertisements on thestreets will be punished strictly.23.________ (strike) by strong snowstorms，the area faced severe water and electricity shortage.24.I'd rather have a room of my own，however small it is，than ________(share) one with others.25.Most of the guests ________ (invite) to the wedding last week were his classmates and friends.26.—What in the world put you in a really bad mood?—________ (stick) in the traffic for hours.27.________(discuss) for a whole night，we still couldn't agree on when to start and where to go for theholiday.28.Every morning Jack's wife will stand before the mirror，________(dress) carefully until she has to goto work.29.A modern stadium in that new town，________ (complete) soon，will be an ideal place for people tohave all kinds of sports in.30.________(follow) the instructions very carefully when ________(fill) in the form.答案 1.seated 2.getting；controlled 3.providing 4.to be 5.to be done/doing 6.occupied 7.staring8.to get 9.deliver10.to finish11.to be served12.to solve 13.to realize14.measuring 15.astonished16.leaving；being cooked17.to have discovered18.being praised19.searched 20.finished21.opening22.putting up23.Struck24.share25.invited26.Being stuck 27.Having discussed28.dressing29.to be completed30.Follow；fillingⅡ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
专题02 非谓语动词之现在分词距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子（本题共30小题；每小题1分，满分30分）1．（2022秋·全国·高三专题练习）（2022年浙江卷1月）But Cobb and others ________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________ (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.2．（2022年全国甲卷）Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 3．(2022年全新高考I卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.4．（2022年全国乙卷）________(strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ________(invite)twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.5．(2021年北京卷)From 2000 to 2019, there were 7, 348 major natural disasters around the world, ________(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．6．（2022·宁夏石嘴山·一模）Chen Wenqiaochu set an example when he was 14. He performed CPR (心肺复苏术) on a cleaner at his school,________(save) the man’s life in 2013. （用适当的词填空）7．（2022·山东·模拟预测）________ (aim) to recall tradition, the design team applied the patterns, colors, and techniques of Yi’s culture to their contemporary fashion design, including T-shirts, jackets, shirts and other essentials.8．（2022·陕西·宝鸡市渭滨区教研室模拟预测）You are in the car on the way to work. You’re a little nervous, ________ (fear ) that you might be late.9．（2022·广东梅州·二模）The eye-catching colors and styles created a visual feast that many have never seen before, quickly ________(turn) the collections into best sellers.10．（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）Suddenly it seems to them that Nina has become an extremely unhappy teenager who lacks direction rather than an adult living her own life. ________ (see) their aimless daughter every day, they are very disappointed.11．（2022秋·江苏南通·高三统考开学考试）There are now more than 7,000 high-speed trains running daily, some __________ (reach) speeds of up to 350 kilometres per hour, the fastest in the world of train transport. 12．（2022秋·河北石家庄·高三校考开学考试）Make sure the document ________ (download) now is safe enough.13．（2022秋·河南南阳·高三南阳中学校考阶段练习）The Old House is crowded with many students ________ (volunteer) to help the old here.14．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·高三哈尔滨市第六中学校校考阶段练习）He smiled suddenly, ________ (expose) a set of amazingly white teeth.15．（2022秋·黑龙江双鸭山·高三双鸭山一中校考阶段练习）________(stand) in a long queue, many people waited for the store to open to buy a New iPhone.16．（2022秋·河南·高三校联考阶段练习）_________(talk) to change my attitude, I finally got the right way to rid myself of carelessness and gained confidence as well.17．（2022秋·河南·高三校联考阶段练习）Mark lives in a big pleasant room_________(measure) approximately 5 metres by 6 metres.18．（2022·广东深圳·校考模拟预测）There are many palm trees planted along the beach, some of them______(measure) over 30 metres.19．（2022秋·广东深圳·高三深圳外国语学校校考阶段练习）With my car ______（repair）now, I have to go to work by bus or by bike this week.20．（2022秋·广东深圳·高三深圳外国语学校校考阶段练习）The show attracted a large audience, __________ (range) from children to old people.21．（2022秋·广东深圳·高三深圳外国语学校校考阶段练习）Those ________ (view) the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery.22．（2022秋·江苏无锡·高三统考期末）Tai Chi has taught me to relax my mind, ________ (enable) me to stay cool in stressful situation.23．（2023秋·江苏镇江·高三统考期末）With spring ________ (approach), nature seems to be awaken from a sound sleep.24．（2023秋·江苏无锡·高三统考期末）Acupuncture ______(date) back to the Stone Age enjoys great popularity across the world.25．（2023春·江苏盐城·高三盐城中学校考开学考试）A diet ___________(lack) nutrients will not keep a person healthy.26．（2023秋·江苏无锡·高三江苏省江阴高级中学校考期末）The patient was observed ________ (breathe) bitterly and was rushed to the hospital.27．（2022春·浙江宁波·高三效实中学校考期中）Modern technology is developing rapidly, thus________ (enable) us to make the library’s services open to citizens as never before.28．（2022春·浙江宁波·高三效实中学校考期中）With a letter in his hand, Sam came ________ (bound) into the bedroom.29．（2022春·浙江宁波·高三校考期中）There’s a very long winding path ________ (lead) to the village. 30．（2022春·浙江湖州·高三统考期中）Every year, people celebrate the National Day with a variety of activities, _______(range) from the flag-raising ceremony to fireworks.二、用单词的适当形式完成短文（本题共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）（2023春·广东肇庆·高三肇庆市第一中学校考开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
专题六非谓语动词考点一非谓语动词作定语(一)不定式作定语1．作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需有相应的介词。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上会省去。
He had no place to live.他没有地方住。
2．用不定式作定语的几种情况：(1)不定式表将来。
①The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。
②(2016·四川高考)For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something to eat!二十五天来，她从来没离开过孩子，甚至都不去找些吃的。
(2)用来修饰被序数词、形容词最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主谓关系。
①He was the best man to do the job.他是做这份工作的最佳人选。
②She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
(3)有些与名词同形的动词常跟不定式，因而它们用作名词时也常跟不定式作定语，常见的有：promise，plan，attempt，offer等。
①I don't trust his promise to come for a visit.我不相信他来访的诺言。
(比较：He promised to come for a visit.)②He said he had no plans to go there.他说他没有要去那里的计划。
(比较：He didn't plan to go there.)③He made an attempt to stand up.他试图站起来。
(比较：He attempted to stand up.)(二)分词作定语1．作定语的及物动词的分词形式为：v.-ing ，being ＋过去分词和过去分词。
当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为主动关系时，用v.-ing ；当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being ＋过去分词；当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。
①The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的那些房子是为老师们建的。
(被动、正在进行)②(2016·浙江高考)To return to the problem of water pollution ，I'd like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。
(被动、已经完成)2．作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：v.-ing 和过去分词。
v.-ing 表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧boiling water 沸腾的水（表正在进行）boiled water 开水（表完成） ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧falling leaves 正在下落的叶子（表正在进行）fallen leaves 已经落下的叶子（表完成） ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧developing countries 发展中国家（表正在进行）developed countries 发达国家（表完成） (三)动名词作定语动名词作定语，动名词用来说明被修饰词的用途。
a fishing net 渔网(＝a net for fishing)a swimming pool 游泳池(＝a pool for swimming)(四)to be done ，done 和being done 作定语的区别to be done 表被动、将来；done 表被动、完成；being done 表被动、正在进行。
①Have you read the novel written by Dickens?你读过狄更斯写的这部小说吗？(表被动、完成)②Listen ！The song being sung is very popular with the students.听！正唱着的这首歌非常受学生们的欢迎。
(表被动、正在进行)③The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important.明天在会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。
(表被动、将来)考点二 非谓语动词作状语(一)不定式作状语1．不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语的情况较多，如果强调目的性时，不定式前还可加in order 或so as ，构成“in order to do”或“so as to do”结构。
“in order to do”结构作目的状语时，可以放在句首也可放在句中；“so as to do”结构只能放在句中。
“in order to do”“so as to do”结构置于句中时，不能用逗号隔开。
①Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year(so as/in order)to visit her.她母亲计划每年至少四次飞到北京来看她。
②Bob took down my telephone number so as/in order not to forget it.鲍勃记下了我的电话号码以免忘记。
③(2016·四川高考)Every day in our work，we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.在我们工作的每一天中，我们都受到那些我们遇到的、做着不平凡的事情去改善这个世界的人的鼓舞。
2．不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so...as to；such...as to；...enough to；only to(常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果)；too...to等。
I'm not so stupid(a fool)as to write it down.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。
Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left.简匆忙赶回来却发现她的母亲已经离开了。
(表示“意外或事与愿违的结果”)I'm too tired to stay up longer.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。
[注意]only too...to结构中，too...to...并非是“太……而不能……”之意。
此时，与too...to...搭配的形容词常见的有pleased，ready，willing，glad，happy等。
I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格了，我非常高兴。
3．不定式作原因状语形容词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。
用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有：happy，glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，pleased等。
You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。
4．在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，这时，需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous等。
This question is easy to answer.这个问题容易回答。
This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难理解。
(二)分词作状语2.分词作状语的句法功能分词作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
为了强调，还可与while，when，once，if，unless等连词连用。
①When offered help，one often says“Thank you”or“It's kind of you”．(时间)当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“It's kind of you”。
②Separated from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many animals and plants not found in any other country in the world.(原因)和其他大陆分离了数百万年，澳大利亚有许多在世界上任何别的国家都找不到的动植物。
③Generally speaking，if taken according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.(条件)一般来说，如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。
④He glanced over at her，noting that though she was tiny，she seemed very well.(结果)他不经意地看了一下她，注意到她虽然很纤弱，但看起来非常健康。
⑤(2016·天津高考)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，making air conditioning unnecessary.凉爽的风穿过卧室的窗户，使空调不再是必要的。
⑥Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake.(让步)虽然被告诉过好多次了，但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。
⑦The teacher came into the lab，followed by some students.(伴随)老师进了实验室，后面跟着一些学生。
