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《计算机专业英语》(中英文对照)

《计算机专业英语》(中英文对照)
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) 通用自动计算机
计算机专业英语
1-4
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
1.1 The Invention of the Computer
It is hard to say exactly when the modern computer was invented. Starting in the 1930s and through the 1940s, a number of machines were developed that were like computers. But most of these machines did not have all the characteristics that we associate with computers today. These characteristics are that the machine is electronic, that it has a stored program, and that it is general purpose.
计算机专业英语 Computer English
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers 2009.9.1
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
Key points: useful terms and definitions of
在 EDVAC 完 成 之 前 ， 其 他 一 些 机 器 建 成 了 ， 它 们 吸 收 了 Eckert 、 Mauchly和Neuman设计的要素。其中一部是在英国剑桥研制的电子延迟 存储自动计算机,或简称EDSAC，它在1949年5月首次运行，它可能是世 界的第一台电子储存程序、通用型计算机投入运行。在美国运行的第一 部计算机是二进制自动计算机,或简称BINAC,它在1949年8月投入运行。

附A2A3-计算机专业英语(第2版)-邱晓红-清华大学出版社

附A2A3-计算机专业英语(第2版)-邱晓红-清华大学出版社

（1）体现实义性，不拘泥于语法
• 计算机专业英语在应用领域体现了一种实义性，也就是说，计算机专业英语用词节省、 句子精练、采用实义词汇而不拘泥于完整语法，只要能说明问题，阐述中心思想即可。 例如： ①讲究语法但不拘泥于语法 You will need the user’s manual in order to move up from Sunday driver to UNIX speedster. 为了从UNIX系统的初学者成为一名熟练者，最好使用用户手册。 ②赋予虚词实际意义 There is no if in the case 句中”if”就被赋予了实际意义。句意:这里没有假设的余地。 ③词性转换翻译 His computer is passworded, I can’t use.他给计算机加了密码，我不能使用。 ④典故与专用术语 This is the Achilles’heel which makes MS-DOS an unsuitable for integrating information equipment. 直译：这是阿基理斯的脚跟，它使MS-DOS不适合作为信息设备集成的运载体。 参考译文：这是MS-DOS的一个致命弱点，使它不适合作为信息设备集成的媒体。 Achilles’heel 是希腊神话中的一个故事，希神阿基里斯出生后被他的母亲倒提着在冥河 水中浸过，除了未浸到水的脚跟外，浑身刀枪不入，所以他的脚跟就成了其致命弱点。
（2）被动语句的翻译
• ①顺序翻译。当原文的被动语句直接翻译成汉语 的被动句，又符合汉语习惯时，可顺序翻译。如： It can be automatically generated by a compiler. 可被翻译为：“它可以由（被）一个编译器自动 产生”。 ②翻译成主动句。当翻译成汉语时，如不符合中 文表达习惯时，可以译为主动句。这类情况比较 常见于一些词汇，如expect, require, supply, need, cause等词汇。如：No return value is required.可以翻译为“不需要返回数据”。

计算机专业英语-1

计算机专业英语-1


What is the difference between data and information?

What is connectivity?
郑州升达经贸管理学院
12
Although easy to overlook, people are surely the most important part of any information system. Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems. Many times the contact is direct and obvious, such as when we create documents using a word processing program or when we connect to the Internet. Other times, the contact is not as obvious.
郑州升达经贸管理学院
5
Procedures: The rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data are procedures. These procedures are typically documented in manuals written by computer specialists. Software and hardware manufacturers provide manuals with their products. These manuals are provided either in printed or electronic form.

计算机专业英语(张强华-第二版)重点单词及部分课后答案

计算机专业英语(张强华-第二版)重点单词及部分课后答案

Unit 1单词：〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）〖Ex. 5〗把下列短文翻译成中文系统面板和普通键盘有专门控制键，你可以使用这些控制键实现主要的多媒体功能：观相片、听音乐和看电影。

面板还有为看电视和阅读电视指南而设的快速启动按钮。

Ex. 9〗用that从句做宾语将下面汉语译成英语你应该知道，你不仅仅能读取磁盘上的数据，也能够往上面写新的信息1. You should know that you can not only read data from the disk but also write new information to it.你应该意识到，软盘容纳不了多少数据2. You should realize that floppies do not hold too much data.我们计算机老实说，USB要比火线慢多了3. Our computer teacher said that USB is much slower than Firewire.我认为CPU主要责任是执行指令4. I think/believe that the CPU is primarily responsible for executing instructions.Unit 2单词〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）Unit 3〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）Unit 4单词〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）Unit 5单词〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）〖Ex. 5〗把下列短文翻译成中文佳能打印机有五种样式，价格从$80 到$500不等，满足了任何想打印相片用户的需求。

Unit 1 计算机导论-计算机专业英语(第2版)-邱晓红-清华大学出版社

Unit 1 计算机导论-计算机专业英语(第2版)-邱晓红-清华大学出版社
谓语：were composed of; have typically been constructed为谓语，通过but把 两句话并列；called a microprocessor后置定语修饰 integrated circuit。
Text A The function of computers
ComputerEnglish
Unit One
Text A The function of computers
1. Central processing unit and Microprocessor
A general purpose computer has four main components(1): the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O). These parts are interconnected by(2) buses, often made of (3) groups of wires.
1. 元件部分 2. 由..联系起来 3. 由..组成
Text A The function of computers
• Inside each of these parts are trillions of small electrical circuits(4) which can be turned off or on by means of an electronic switch. Each circuit represents a bit (binary digit) of information so that when the circuit is on it represents a "1", and when off it represents a "0" (in positive logic representation). 注1 The circuits are arranged in logic gates so that one or more of the circuits may control the state of one or more of the other circuits.

计算机专业英语课后答案(清华大学出版社第二版)

计算机专业英语课后答案(清华大学出版社第二版)

第一章Computer system overview(操作系统概述)I. Pre-reading Questions1.What is a digital computer?The digital computer is a digital system that performs various computational tasks. The word “digital”implies that theinformation in the computer is represented by variables that take a limited number of discrete values. These values are processed internally by components that can maintain a limited number of discrete states. Digital computer is also called electronic computer or computer.2.Are there any differences between the binary number system and the common decimal number system?The decimal digits has ten digits: 0,1,2,,, and 9. The binary number system has two digits: 0 and 1. The binary numbers use a base 2. The decimal digits use a base 10.3.How many types of computers do you know? Name at least four of them. Computers are usually classified into four broad categories: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers and supercomputers.II Fill in the following blanks.1.Application software is designed to accomplish real-world tasks in fields.2. An 8-bit signed integer can have any value between -128 and 1273. System software controls the computer and enables it to run the hardware and applications software.4. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system .5. List four types of computers: microcomputers, minicomputers , mainframe computers,and s upercomputers .III True or False.1. The software system is the physical equipment that you can see and touch. 1.F2. Typically, a data value is set to zero to represent FALSE and 1 value forTRUE. 2.F3. In the earliest general-purpose computer, most input and output media were magnetic disks. 3. F4.T4. Supercomputers are largest, fastest, and most expensive computer available.5. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. 5. T IV Matching terms.1、(b) CPUThe processing unit is at the heart of a computer.2、(c) bit A unit of information conveyed by a single binary digit.3、(a) integrated circuit (IC)A complete electronic circuit that packages transistors and other electronic components on a small silicon chip.4、(d) ASCII A system for encoding characters as binary digits.V Translating Terms.(1) coding techniques 编码技术(2) application software 应用软件(3) floating point data 浮点数据(4) timesharing 分时，分时技术(5) storage capacities 存储容量VI Choose the best one of the four answers given to fill in each blank.This chapter introduces digital computer, data types, the evolution of computers, and types of computers. 1 is known to all, it’s hard to find a field in 2 computers are not being used. Digital computer, also called electronic computer or computer, is a digital system that 3 various computational tasks. Digital computers use the 4 number system, which has two digits: 0 and 1.By usingvarious coding 5 , groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary numbers 6 other discrete symbols, such as decimal digits or letters of the alphabet. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. Programs tell the hardware what to do. 7 software is designed to accomplishreal-world tasks in fields such as accounting, entertainment, and engineering. Computers are usually 8 into four broad categories: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers. It’s hard to give a 9 definition to each type because computer speeds and storage 10 change rapidly.1. A. As B. It C. As it D. That2. A. what B. which C. where D. when3. A. performs B. carries C. makes D. integrates4. A. decimal B. binary C. Arabian D. American5. A. technique B. Technology C. techniques D. technologies6. A. instead of B. rather than C. but also D. as well7. A. Application B. System C. Word D. Excel8. A. put B. made C. conducted D. classified9. A. precious B. progress C. proceeding D. precise10. A. capacities B. capable C. capabilities D. capacity1.A2. B3. A4. B5. C6. C7. A8. D9. D 1 0.CVII. Translate the following into English.1.By using various coding techniques, groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary numbers but also other discrete symbols.通过应用各种编码技术。

计算机专业英语(第二版)参考答案

写在前面的话各位老师：您们好。

欢迎使用劳动版专业英语教材。

如果您在使用中发现问题，或者有任何建议和意见，可与我们联系：联系人：赵硕联系电话：64962011电子邮箱：zhaos@计算机专业英语（第二版）参考答案Unit 1Lesson1Look and LearnA 1 Monitor 显示器 2 Modem 调制解调器 3 System Unit 系统单元，主机4 Mouse 鼠标 5 Speaker音箱 6 Printer 打印机7 Keyboard 键盘B 1.麦克风可以用来刻录声音。

2.操纵杆是为玩游戏而设计的。

3.多数的扫描仪可以既扫描图片又扫描文本。

4.绘图板被用于图形设计。

DialogueA 略B 1. Mary is good at computer.2. Because it hasn’t the computer software system, Mike’s computer can’t work.3. Mike is a computer outsider.Reading179A Input Device: keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, graphics tabletOutput Device: monitor, speaker, printerB Input device (输入设备) convert into(把….转变为) output device(输出设备) translate into (翻译成)Lesson 2Look and Learn1 BIOS-ROM 芯片2 Flash memory 闪存3 memory bank内存条4 CMOS setup CMOS 设置DialogueA Install configuration error utility invalidB1.Mary works at PC Support Center.2.Bill should run the CMOS setup utility to solve the problem.ReadingA 1 b 2 a 3 d 4 c 5 eB 1. Random access memory (RAM); RAM is volatile storage because everything in most types of RAM is lost as soon as the computer is turned off.2. Cache memory; Cache memory improves processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between the memory and the CPU.3. Flash RAM; Flash RAM can retain data even if power is disrupted.1804. Read only memory (ROM); ROM chips are not volatile and cannot be changed by the user.1 Floppy disk 软盘2 CD-ROM 光驱3 Hard disk 硬盘4 Flash Disk 闪存盘；u盘 5 mobile hard disk 移动硬盘DialogueB１. Yes 2. Yes 3. No 4. YesReadingA 1 A 2 Bseries prevent unrecoverable comprise dustB concentric181Lesson 4Look and Learn1. CPU slot (CPU插槽)2. Memory slots （内存插槽）3.AGP slot（AGP 插槽）4.PCI slots（PCI插槽）5. Power connector （电源接口）6.Input/Output ports（输入输出端口）DialogueA interface socket battery slot processorB 1.Because the battery of the motherboard is getting low.2. The socket types of both the processor and the motherboard have to be the same for them to work with each other. The motherboard must have updated BIOS in order for the certain CPUs to work right.ReadingA tower medium component expansion serial specializeB 1 No 2 Yes 3 NoUnit 2Lesson1Look and Learn1. desktop2. Pop-up Menu3. Folder4. Screen saverDialogue182B1.His card is an external sound card.2.Windows will look for and install a driver automatically.ReadingA 1. b 2. d 3. c 4. aB1. Operating system recognizes input from the keyboard and sends output to the display screen.2. Operating system keeps track of files and directories on the disk.3. Operating system controls peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.Lesson2Look and LearnA Word Access Excel PowerPointB 1.Title bar 2.Menu bar 3. Toolbar 4.Row 5. Column 6. Cell 7.Statusbar DialogueA1. word2. icon3. dialog boxB1. NO2. Yes3. YesReadingA command grid software interface interact formulaB 1. a 2. b 3. cLesson3Look and LearnA. PhotoshopB. FlashC. 3DS MAXD. After EffectsDialogue1. web pages2. Flah Player3. Plug-in4. browser183ReadingA visual audio technology interactivity navigationalB 1. B 2.C 3. BLesson4Look and Learn1. carbon copy2. subject3. attachment4.salutationDialogueA 1. Yes 2. NO 3. Yes 4. NoB 1. set up 2. log 3. Outlook ExpressReadingA filter intention instruction confidentialB 1. D 2.C 3. A 4. BUnit 3Lesson1Look and Learnwork interface card2.Hub3. Switch4.Wireless Router5.CableDialogueB 1. NO 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. NOReadingA 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. cB 1. a 2.c 3. bLesson2Look and Learn1841. Domain name2. Browser3. Website4. ProtocolDialogueA 1.ADSL 2. ISP 3. IP and DNS addressReadingA cable upload motorway permanentB 1. c 2. a 3. d 4. bLesson3Look and Learn1. bus2. star3. ring4. treeDialogueA 1.Toplogy 2. star 3. dynamicB 1. Yes 2. NO 3. Yes 4. NOReadingA format device protocol destinationB 1. c 2. a 3. bLesson4Look and Learn1. firewall2. antivirus3. spam4. virusDialogueA 1.Control panel 2. antivirus 3. securityB 1. NO 2. Yes 3. NO 4. YesReadingA hack management maintenance attackB 1. a 2. b185Unit 4Lesson1Look and learn（1）销售副总（2）营销经理（3）销售代表（4）销售助理（5）采买部经理（6）采购员DialogueAB 1. ABC Company and Huaxia Commercial Company2.products design3. configuration and priceReadingA 1.No 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. YesB 1.B 2.B 3.DLesson 2Look and learn1. discount stores2. catalogue3. promotion4. market share Dialogue186187B1. Not at all.a.你怎么啦？有什么问题吗？ 2. What ’s wrong with you?b.期待再次相见。

计算机专业英语(张强华-第二版)重点单词及部分课后答案

Unit 1单词：〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）〖Ex. 5〗把下列短文翻译成中文系统面板和普通键盘有专门控制键，你可以使用这些控制键实现主要的多媒体功能：观相片、听音乐和看电影。

面板还有为看电视和阅读电视指南而设的快速启动按钮。

Ex. 9〗用that从句做宾语将下面汉语译成英语你应该知道，你不仅仅能读取磁盘上的数据，也能够往上面写新的信息1. You should know that you can not only read data from the disk but also write new information to it.你应该意识到，软盘容纳不了多少数据2. You should realize that floppies do not hold too much data.我们计算机老实说，USB要比火线慢多了3. Our computer teacher said that USB is much slower than Firewire.我认为CPU主要责任是执行指令4. I think/believe that the CPU is primarily responsible for executing instructions.Unit 2单词〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）Unit 3〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）Unit 4单词〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）Unit 5单词〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）〖Ex. 5〗把下列短文翻译成中文佳能打印机有五种样式，价格从$80 到$500不等，满足了任何想打印相片用户的需求。

计算机专业英语第二版 译文

《计算机英语》参考译文（精读部分）目录第1单元课文A：计算机概览 (3)一、引言 (3)二、历史 (3)三、硬件 (4)四、编程 (5)五、未来的发展 (5)第2单元课文A：计算机硬件 (5)一、引言 (5)二、输入硬件 (6)三、输出硬件 (6)四、存储硬件 (7)五、硬件的连接 (7)第3单元课文A：操作系统 (8)一、引言 (8)二、操作系统是怎样工作的 (8)三、当前的操作系统 (8)五、未来的技术 (10)第4单元课文A：编程语言 (11)一、引言 (11)二、语言类型 (11)三、高级语言的分类 (12)四、语言的结构与成分 (12)五、历史 (13)第5单元课文A：计算机程序 (13)一、引言 (13)二、程序开发 (14)三、程序元素 (14)四、程序功能 (15)五、历史 (16)六、未来 (16)第6单元课文A：软件生命周期 (17)第7单元课文A：进入关系数据库的世界 (19)一、什么是关系数据库？ (19)二、数据库管理系统的介绍 (20)三、不同的计算模型 (21)第8单元课文A：电信与计算机 (22)第9单元课文A：计算机网络 (24)一、引言 (24)二、调制解调器与计算机管理局 (24)三、局域网 (24)四、路由器与桥接器 (25)五、广域网 (25)六、分布式计算 (25)七、安全与管理 (26)第10单元课文A：因特网是如何工作的？ (26)一、因特网访问 (27)二、信息打包 (27)三、网络编址 (27)四、电子邮件 (28)五、传输模式 (28)六、带宽 (28)第11单元课文A：信息革命 (29)一、引言 (29)二、社会与技术发展 (29)三、信息革命的方向 (29)四、就业趋势 (30)五、信息技术与消费者 (31)六、信息革命的问题 (31)第12单元课文A：电子商务简介 (32)一、定义 (32)二、需求与服务 (32)第13单元课文A：计算机安全 (34)一、计算机安全面临的威胁 (34)二、保护计算机安全的措施 (36)第14单元课文A：比尔•盖茨文摘 (37)第1单元课文A：计算机概览一、引言计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数值数据进行运算或者对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。

附A1-计算机专业英语(第2版)-邱晓红-清华大学出版社


A.1 计算机专业英语主要句型
4、因果关系
(1) Since the program counter is (conceptually) just another set of memory cells, it can be changed by calculations done in the ALU. 由于程序计数器是另一套存储器单元，因而它能被ALU中完成的计算所修改。 （2）An interrupt which can cause the computer to stop executing instructions where it was and do something else instead. 中断能使电脑停止正ev[x] = NIL, the element x has no predecessor and is therefore the first element, or head, of the list. prev[x] = NIL表示元素x没有前趋，因此x是第一个元素，即队头元素。 （4）An empty list consists of just the sentinel, since both next[nil[L]] and prev[nil[L]] can be set to nil[L]. 一个空表只包含有标志符，因为指针域next[nil[L]]和prev[nil[L]]都指向nil[L]。
A.1 计算机专业英语主要句型
3、功能、用途说明:常用于直接介绍某个对象的作用和功能，或者使用中应注意事项。
(1) A microprocessor typically performs a sequence of operations to fetch, decode, and execute an instruction. 典型的一个微处理器执行取指令、译指令和执行指令等一系列的操作。 （2）Computers have been widely used in our daily life. 电脑已经广泛用于我们的日常生活。 （3）Its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary. 它仅用于无需高速的情形。 （4）ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. ROM常被用于存储电脑的初始启动指令。 (5)Linked lists provide a simple, flexible representation for dynamic sets. 链表为动态集合提供了一个简单、灵活的表示形式。
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Chapter Ⅰ
Reading Materials Passage Ⅱ
Multimedia Personal Computer
Syntax
1. The requirements for an MPC are described in detail in Microsoft’s Multimedia PC Specification Version 1.0. Here are the key elements of the specification:
【分析】此句为被动语态，其中key这一词在该句中为形容词，译为“关键的”；specification的意思是“规范，说明书”。

【句意】Microsoft公司的《多媒体PC机规范1.0版》一书对MPC机进行了详细描述。

以下是此规范的要求：
2. BASE SYSTEM: a Windows-capable system with a 10-MHz 286 or faster CPU; at least 2MB of RAM; a 30 MB or larger hard disk; a
3.5-inch 1.44 MB floppy drive; a 101-key keyboard; a two-button mouse; and parallel, serial, and joystick ports.
【分析】该句中parallel的意思是“并行”，serial的意思是“串行”，joystick port的意思是“控制杆端口”。

【句意】基本系统：一个能运行Windows的系统。

它采用10MHz时钟的286或速度更快的CPU；至少有2MB的RAM；30MB或更大的硬盘空间；3.5英寸1.44MB的软盘驱动器；101键盘；两按钮的鼠标器以及并行、串行的控制杆端口。

3. CD-ROM: a CD-ROM drive that transfers at least 150KB of data per second without taking up more than 40 percent of the CPU’s attention, play CD audio, and has an average access time of 1 second or less.
【分析】without 介词，意思是“没有，不，（表条件）如果没有, 要没有”，通常表示否定。

【句意】CD-ROM：要求CD-ROM光驱的数据传输速率至少为每秒150 KB，不能占用40%以上的CPU时间，能播放CD，平均存取时间为1秒或更短。

4. AUDIO: a sound board with 8-bit, 11.025-kHz sampling and 22.05-kHz playback; a synthesizer capable of playing eight notes simultaneously using five different sounds; a mixer to combine CD audio, sampling, and synth; a microphone input; and MIDI in, out, and thruports.
【分析】playback的意思是“录音重放，重放”在该句中指声音回放；simultaneously 的意思是“同时地”；synthesizer和synth这两个词的意思相同，均指“综合者，[电子]合成器”。

【句意】音频功能：一块8位的、11.025kHz取样和22.05kHz回放的声卡；能同时放8个使用5种不同音色的音律的合成器；能把光盘音频、取样和合成声音混合起来的混声器；麦克风输入；MIDI（乐器数字接口）输入、输出和通路。

5. Every new technology has its own buzzwords, and sorting them out can be real detective work. The following is two jargons of MPC.
【分析】buzzword名词意思是“专门用语，术语”，与某一特定领域或组织相联系，主要用于给外行之人加深印象的听起来重要的单词或短语；词组sort… out的意思是“分类出”；jargon的意思是指“行话，术语”。

【句意】每一种新技术都有它自己的术语，将它们进行分类是一项非常精细的工作。

下面是MPC的两个术语。

6. FULL-MOTION VIDEO: Full-motion video is digitally recorded video played back at the broadcast standard of 30 frames per second, or close enough to that speed so the video appears smooth rather than jerky.
【分析】rather than的意思是“胜于”。

【句意】全运动图像：全运动图像是以数字方式记录的视频图像，以每秒30帧的电视广播标准或者非常接近于此的速度重现图像，因而这些视频图像看上去很自然，没有跳跃感。

7. MIDI: MIDI is short for Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a standard specification developed by music synthesizer manufacturers. The concept of being able to control several instruments from one keyboard has grown into a method for putting musical instruments, tape recorders, VCRs, mixers, and even stage-lighting under the control of a single computer.
【分析】under the control of译为“在……的控制之下”。

【句意】MIDI：MIDI是乐器数字接口的缩写。

它是由音乐合成器制造商开发的标准规范。

从一个键盘能控制几个乐器的想法已变为现实，它能把乐器、磁带录音机、录像机、混声器、甚至舞台灯光等置于单台计算机的控制之下。