Part one：early and medieval english literature
Chapter 1: the making of england
1 the Briton
2 the Roman Consequent
3 the English Consequent
4 the social condition of the Anglo-Saxons
Chapter 2: Beowulf
Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.
e.g. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey
Artistic features:
1 Using alliteration
2 Using metaphor and understatement
Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P5
Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas
Chapter 3 : Feudal England
1 the Norman Consequest:
①the Danish invasion
King Alfred: the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
②the Norman Consequest:
Marks the establishment of feudalism in England\
2 Feuda England
Social features of the Feuda England：Two classes（landlord and peasant）
The miseries of the peasant：Black Death
The raising of 1381
3 the Romance: knight
Famous three:
King Arthur
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Beowulf
Chapter 4 William Langland
Piers The Plowman耕者皮尔斯:a picture of feudal England
①the exposure of the ruling classes
②the story of the Cat and Rats
③the marriage of lady Meed
④the condition of the peasants
⑤the search for truth
⑥a representative of the most oppressed section of the peasantry
Artistic features:
It is written in the form of a dream vision
Using symbolism
Chapter 5 the English Bllads民谣
Oral literature
Ballad: is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.
The Robin Hood Ballad
Chapter 6 Geoffery Chaucer
英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”
The father of English poetry.
writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.
①
first time to use …heroic couplet?(双韵体) by middle English
②
③
Part Two ：The English Renaissance
A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.
Chapter 1 Old England in transition
1 the new monarchy
2 the reformation
3the English Bible：
Jhon Wycliffe, translated the first complete English Bile
Authorized V ersion: also called King James Bible
4 the enclosure movement
5 the commercial exoansion
6 the war between Spain：it ended with the route of the Spanish fleet"Armada"
7 the Renaissance and Humanism
Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.
Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.
Humanism: reflected the new outlook of the rising bourgeois class, which saw the world openning before it.
Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:
1.new discoveries in geography and astrology
2.the religious reformation and economic expansion
3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture
The most famous dramatists:
Christopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
8 William Caxton: the first English printer
Chapter2 Thomas More
One of the greatest English humanists
Utopia乌托邦: an ideal cummunist society
Thomas: 1 no revolutionary in the sense of wishing to arouse the people or to start any movement
2 still retains the features of class exploitation
3 he could never find at that time the means by which socialism could be realized.
Chapter 3 the flowering of English literature
1 the flourishing of literature
2 Sir Philip Sidney
A poet and critic poetry
Astrophel and Stella , Apology for poetry
Walter Raleigh:
Discovery of Guiana
3 Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599
The poets? poet. The first to be buried in the Poet?s corner of Westerminster Abbey
①
It is written in a special verse form that consisits of 8 iambic pentameter lines followed by a 9 line of 6 iambic feet(an alexandrine ), with the rhyme scheme ababbcbbc
The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”. Artistic features:
Using Spenserian Stanza
Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.
②
The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.
③
4 John Lyly
"gentle reader"
Euphues
5 Francis Bacon弗兰西斯?培根1561~1626
（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）
The founder of English materialist
The founder of modern science in English
Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.
Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason.
①
②
The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.
Chapter 4 Drama
The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its drama
1 the miracle play
2 the morality play
3 the interlude
4 the classical drama
5 the London theatre
Chapter 5 Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗?马洛1564~1595
“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama
（完善了无韵体诗。）
Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
①
②
③
Significance of his plays:
1 the heroes of his plays are generally distinguished by a resolute character, a scorn of orthodox creeds, and an overpowering paasion.
2 The praise of individuality freed from the restraints of medieval dogmas and law, and the conviction of the boundless possibility of human effortd in conquering the universe.
3 the hero's individualistic ambition often brings ruins to the ruin to the world and sometomes to themselves.
His literary achievement:
1 the greatest of the pioneers of English drama
2 reformed the language and verse of dramatic works
3 first made blank verse. His blank verse has been called as "titanic"
4 famous for his "mighty line". It is mighty and plastic
5 pave the way for the Shakespeare
Chapter 6 William Shakespeare威廉?莎士比亚1564~1616
37plays
①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII
②Four Comedies:
③Four T ragedies:
④poems:
1 venus and adonis
2Shakespeare Sonnet :154
Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg
A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.
3 the rape of lucrece
Features of Shakespeare's drama:
1 one of the founder of realism in world literature
2 often used the method of adoptation
3 his long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic art thus acuired make him a master hand for playwriting.
4 skilled in many poetic forms: song, sonnet, couplet, dramatic blank verse
5 a great master of the English language
Chapter 7 Ben Jonson
①
②
③ Every Man in His Humour
a prolific dramatist
Part three the period of the English bourgeois revolution
Chaper 1 the English revolution and the Reatoration
1 the weakening of the tie between monarchy and bourgeoise
2 the clashes between the king and parliament
3 the outburst of the English revolution:
4 the split with the revolution camp
5 the bourgeois dictatorship and the restoration
6 the religious cloak of the English revolution:
Also called the puritan revolution.
Puritanism is the religious doctrine
7 literature of the revolution period
Chapter 2 John Milton约翰?弥尔顿1608~1674
（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）
①Epics:
In the poem god is no better than a despot. God is cruel and unjust. Adam and Eve embody Milton's belife in the powers of man.
The desription of hell, Satan is the real hero of the poem. Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.
②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙:
A poetical drama.
③
④
This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.
Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.
Milton:
1 he was a political in both his life and his art. He was a militant pamphleteer of the English Revolution, and the greatest English revolutionary poet in 17th century
2 wrote the greatest epic in English literature. He and Shakespeare have always been regarded as two patterns of English verse
3 he first used blank verse in non-dramatic works. In paradise lost, he acquires an absolute mastery of the blank verse.
4 he is a great stylist, grand style.
5 his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.
Chapter 3 John Bunyan约翰?班扬1628~1688
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）
Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)
①Religionary Allegory:
Chapter 4 metaphysical poets and Cavalier poets
Besides Milton and Bunyan, other poets and writers whose works express quite different ideas and sentiments. They are called metapysicals by Samuel Johnson
1 John Donne
the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).
Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）
Artistic features:
1.conceits or imagery奇思妙喻
2.syllogism三段论
① Meditations 沉思录
The Flea 虱子
② Songs And Sonnets
Holy Sonnets
③V alediction:
2 George Herbert
The saint of the metaphysical school
Sing the glory of God
Altar
3 Andrew Marvell
A puritan
To his coy mistress
4 Henry V aughan and Richard Crashaw:
Two religios poets
Capter 5 some prose-writers
Robert Burton:
Masterpiece: the Anatomy of Melancholy
Thomas Browme:
Religio Medici
Jeremy Taylor:
Holy Living
Holy Dying
Izaak Walton:
The Compleat Angker
Chapter 6 Restoration literature
1 restoration comedy:
The restoration comedy is notorious for its licentiousness, being full of love intrigue, and seduction and promiscurity
Jhon Dryden
All For Love
Absalom and Achitophel
English literature of the Restoration period was modelled on the literature of France where classicism was then prevailing. According to classicism, drama and prose should all be controlled by some fixed rules.
Part 4 the 18th century
A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy
The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)
小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel 现实主义小说)
Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century) Chapter 1 the enlightenment and classicism in English literature
1 the enlightenment and 18th century England
①"Glorious Revolution"
Industrial Revolution
②the enlightenment in Europe: an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism
③the English Enlighteners
2 classicism:
The classicists modelled themselves on Greek and Latin authors, and try to control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. The English classicists followed these standards in their writings.
But the basic difference between Dryden and the 18th century enlighteners lies in the fact that the former wrote to please the declining aristocracy during the Restoration period while latter wrote for the rising bourgeoisie to tidy up the capitalist social order.
Chapter 2 Addison and Steele
1 Steele and The Tatler
Richard Steele:
The Christian Hero（a pamphlet）
The Tatler(a paper)
The pectator(in conjunction with Addison)
Theatre
2 Joseph Addison
The Campaign(a poem)
Cato (tragedy)
Sum up Addison's and Steele's contribution to the English literature:
①their writings afford a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeosie
②they give a true picture of the social life of Engish in 18th century
③in the hands of them, the English essay had completely established itself as a literary genre. Using it as a form of character sketching and story-telling, they ushered in the dawn of modern English novel.
Chapter 2 Alexander Pope亚历山大?蒲柏1688~1744
（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）
One of the first to introduce rationalism to England.
①
Artistic features:
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5119202573.html,ing “heroic couplets”
②
③
Pope was an outstanding enlightener and the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the 18th century. Frequently writing in the form of heroic couplets
Chapter 4 Jonathan Swift乔纳森?斯威夫特1667~1745
（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。）
①
Four parts:
Lilliput 小人国Brobdingnag 大人国
Flying Island 飞岛Houyhnhnm 马岛
②
④
His language is simple and clear and vigorous. He is a master satirist, and his irony id deadly.
Chapter 5 Daniel Defoe丹尼尔?笛福1660~1731
（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）
He is the first writer study of the lower-class people,hislanguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.
①
It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.
Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.
It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie.
②
③
④
He was the real founder of the realistic novel in England.
Chapter 6 Samuel Richrardson
Pamela
Clarissa
Chapter 7 Henry Fielding亨利?菲尔丁1707~1754
（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”。）
He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
① novels:
② plays:
He was a novelist, dramatist, essayist, political pamphleteer.
He develope his narrative in the fullest,freest, clearest and most straightforard manner, and also affords him opportunities of giving, at suitable places, personal explanations.
Satire abounds eberywhere in his works. Humorous satire and a kind of grim satire
He believed in the educational function of the novel.
He is a master of style. His style id easy, unlaboured and familiar,but extremely vivid and vigorous. Sympathy for the working people, contempt for the parasites, the exploiters and the oppressors
Chapter 8 Smollett and Sterne
Tobias Smollett：
Roderick Random(a picaresque novel)
Pererine Pickle
Hunphry Clinker
Laurence Sterne
Tristram Shandy
A Sentimental Journey
Chapter 9 18th century drama and Sheridan
The english drama of the 18th doesn't reach the same high level as its novel. One reason: the Licensing Act of 1737
Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德?布林斯利?施莱登1751~1816
①
②
Chapter 9 Samuel Johnson塞缪尔?约翰逊1709~1784
Lexicographer, critic and poet
Dictionary =英语大词典
James Boswell:
Life of london(a classic of English biography)
Chapter 11 Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗?格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
①poems:
Both written in heroic couplet,consisting of two iambic pentameter lines linked by rhyme.
②novel:
③comdies:
The Good Natured Man
She stoops to Conquer
④essay:
The Citizen of the World
Chapter 12 Edward Gibbon
Essay on the Study of literature
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Chapter 13 sentimentalism and pre-romanticism in poetry
1 sentimentalism in English poetry
The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism, but they sensed at the same time the contradictions in the process of capitalist development.
The appearance and development of sentimentalism poetry marks the midway in the transition from classicism to its opposite romanticism.
William Cowper:
The task
George Grabbe:
The village
2 pre- romanticism
Thomas Percy:
Reliques of Ancient English poetry
James Macpherson:
The saddest and the most interesting figure of the pre-romantic movement.
The Rowley papers
Chapter 14 William Blake威廉?布莱克1757~1827
①
A happy and innocent world from children’s eye.
②
A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.
Include:
Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity
Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence
③
He identifies classicism with formalism
Chapter 15 Robert Burns罗伯特?彭斯1759~1796
The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
①
② 一朵红红的玫瑰
③
④ 不管那一套
⑤
⑥
⑦
Part Five : Romanticism in England
Chapter 1 the Romantic period
The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s
Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.
Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic). “The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.
William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey
Important event:
The French Revolution
Peterloo Masscare
Amid these social conflicts romanticism arose as a new literary trend. It prevailed in england during the period 1798-1832. Generally speaking, the romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata who were discontent with, and opposed to, the development of capitalism.
The works of romanticists is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society, they paid great attention to the spritual and emotional life of man.
Walter scott marked the transition
Chapter 2 William W ordsworth威廉?华兹华斯1770~1850
（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。The Lake Poets）
①
Marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th century.
② 我好似一朵流云独自漫游
Theme:
1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength
and knowledge fullof peace”
2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.
Comment:
The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.
③Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺赋
④The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女
⑤
Chapter 3 Coleridge and Southey
The Lake Poets:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔?泰勒?科尔律治1772~1834
①
②
③
Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory
④
⑤
⑥
Robert Southey
Chapter 4 George Gordon Byron乔治?戈登?拜伦1788~1824
（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）
“Byronic hero”is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral
principles.
①
Written in ottava rima, each stanza containing 8 iambic pentameter lines rhymed abababcc
Written in spenserian stanza, ababbcbbc
②
Chapter 5 Persy Bysshe Shelley波西?比希?雪莱1792~1822
Poetic Drama：
Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and oppression
long poem:
Condemning tyranny and exploitatuon and the unjust war waged by the rich to plunder wealth. Looking forward to a happy future for mankind but rejecting the path of revolution by voilence.
Lyrics:
Theme:
The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.
Comment:
Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.
Artistic features:
Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …)
Chapter 6 John Keats约翰?济慈1795~1821
(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。)
①Four great odes:
②
Theme:
The theme of John Keats' poem, "To Autumn", is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.
Comment:
The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually
yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.
Chapter 7 Charles Lamb
The Essays of Elia
Chapter 8 Hazlitt and Leigh Hunt
William Hazlitt:
Essay: my first acquaintance with poets
Leigh Hunt:
Eaasyist , critic, poet
He developed the light miscellaneous eaasy.
Chapter 9 De Quincey
The confessions of an English Opium-Eater
Chapter 10 W alter Scott沃尔特?斯科特1771~1832
(历史小说之父”)Father of history novels
①
②
Features of Walter Scott's historical novels:
1 he has an outstanding gift of vivifying the past.
He combined historical fact with romantic imagination
2 historical events are closely interwoven with the fates of individuals
3 he is concerned not only with the lives and deeds of kings, statements and other hitorical figures, but is always mindful of the fate of the ordinary people.
4 he is a romantic.
5 he is a troy
Part 6 English Critical Realism
Chapter 1 the rise of English Critical Realism in England
1 social background
From the thirties of 19th century, the fundamental contradiction is the struggle between the workers and capitalist.
Strengthen the policy of colonial expansion.
1837, the workers formulated their political demands in The People's Chapter.
2 Chartist Movement and Chartist Literature
During the Chartist Movement numerous Chartist organization published newspaper and magazines which, besides articles on political and economical issues, contained poems, short stories and essays on literature. The Chartist writers introduced a new theme into literature--the struggle of the proletariat for its rights.
Ernest Jones
Long poem:The greatest of the Chartist poets.
The Revolt of Hindostan, or the New World
He followed the tradition of the revolutionary romanticism of Byron and Shelley.
Lycics: the song of the Lower Classes
The song of the Wage-Slave
Thomas Cooper
The last of the chartists
William James Linton
A well-known “agitator”
Lyric: Blade Time Will Come
3 English Critical Realism
The critical realists described with much vividness and great artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and critized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.
The english critical realists not only gave a satirical portrayal of the bourgeoisie and all the ruling classes, but also showed profound sympathy for the common people.
They use a humour and satire.
They were unable to find a good solution to the social contradictions.
Their works is not of revolution but rather of reformism.
Chapter 2 Charles Dickens查尔斯?狄更斯1812~1870
（批判现实主义小说家）critical realist writer
①
②
③
④圣诞颂歌
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑨
⑩
Chapter 3 William Makepeace Thackeray威廉?麦克匹斯?萨克雷1811~1863
①
②
After 1848 Thackeray lost all hope of improvement in social life, and his scepticism turned into pessimism. That's why his works after V anity Fair show a sign of weakening in ideological depth and artistic power.
Chapter 4 some women writers
1 Jane Austen简?奥斯丁1775~1817
She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire.
①
【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved 【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood
【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money.
【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic characters
2 the Bronte sisters
Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂?勃朗特1816~1855
①
Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a boverness at Thornfield Hall.
There she falls in love with the master,Mr. Rochester.
It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood School
It is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for recognition of their
basic rights and equality as a human being.
②
③
Emily Bronte艾米莉?勃朗特1818~1854
① < Wuthering Heights>呼啸山庄
A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.
【TheEarnshaw Family】Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine,
Heathcliff
【The Linton Family】Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella
② < Old Stoic>
George Eliot乔治?艾略特1819~1880
①
② < Adam Bede>亚当?比德
③ < Silas Marner>织工马南
④ < Middlemarch>米德尔马契
Part 7 prose-writers and poets of the mid and late 19th century
Chapter 1 Thomas Carlyle
He was elected Lord Rector of Edinburgh University
He is a literary critic
Sartor Resartus
The French Revolution
Heroes and Hero-Worship
Past and Present
Chapter 2 Ruskin and some other prose-writers
1 John Ruskin
He is a critic. Art criticism and social criticism
He is a social thinker and a master of English. His prescription for the contemporary social problems was faulty, but he sincerely sympathized with the people and exposed with holy wrath the evils Modern Painters
2 Matthew Arnold
3 Macaulay
Chapter 3 Alfred Tennyson1809~1892
（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）
Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人）
① < In Memoriam>悼念
To memorialize his friend
② < Break, Break, Break>冲击、冲击、冲击
③ < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗
Chapter 4 Robert Browning罗伯特?白朗宁1812~1889
A follower of Shelley
①< My Last Dutchess>我已故的公爵夫人
②< Home Thoughts From Abroad>海外乡思
③Pippa Passes
Elizabeth Barrett Browing:
①
He introduced to English poetry a new form ,the dramatic monologue
He has been praised as a "a genius in courageous and high- hearted figure", well-known for buoyant optimism.
Chapter 5 the Rossettis and Swinburne
1 Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Poem: The Blessed Damozel
2 Christina Georgina Rossetti
Poem: Goblin Market
3 Fitzgerald's Rubaiyat
4 Algernon Charles Swinburne
Chapter 6 William Morris
Poet, artist, socialist
Poem:
The Defence of Guenvere
The Life and Death of Jason
The Early Paradise
Sigurd the V olsung
The aim of his works is to bring beauty into the life of his countrymen
Prose:
A Dream of Jhon Ball
News from Nowhere
Chapter 7 literary trens at the end of the century
1 naturalism:
Naturalism is a literary trend prevailing in Euope. According to the naturalism, literature must be ture to life and exactly reproduce real life, including all its details without any selection. They usually write about the life of the poor and oppressed, or the slum life, they can oly represent the external appearance instead of the inner essence of real life.
George Gissing,:
2 neo-romanticism
Dissatisfied with the drab and ugly social reality and yet trying to avoid the positive solution of the acute social contradictions. They laid emphasis upon the invention of exciting adventures and fascinating stories to entertain the reading public. They led the novel back towards stiry-telling and to romance.
Robert Louis Stevenson
3 aestheticism
Art for sake. Art should serve no religious, moral or social ens, nor any end except itself.
Walter Pater:< Studies in the History of the Renaissance> later called The Renaissance
Hte "Conclusion" of the The Renaissance is acrystallization of his faith in the pursuit pf beauty as the sole "success of life".
Oscar Wilde奥斯卡?王尔德1856~1900
（The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake）
① 4 Comedies:
② Novel:
③ Fairy Stories:
Part 8 20th century English literature
Chapter 1 the new century: social and historical background
1911-1914 three great strikes
The colonial division of the world by the capital powers had been completed by the end of 19
WWI1914-1918
1929, economic crisis broke out
1930s, were called Red Decade
Chapter 2 English novel of early 20th century
1 the realist
They sought for new ways and means of revealing the truth of life.
Samuel Bulter, George Meredith, Herbert George Wells
2 Rudyard Kipling
"the bard of imperialism"
诗集：Barrak Room Ballad营房诗集;The Seven Seas七海;Recession and Other Poems赞美诗及其他;The Five Nations五国
长篇小说：Kim基姆;Captain Courageous勇敢的船长
短篇小说：Plain Tales from the Hills;Soldiers There;The Story of the Gadsby;Life Handcap生命的阻力;The Jungle Book;The Second Jungle Book林莽之书;The Lost Legion
Arnold Bennett:
The Old Wive's Tale
Joseph Concrad
①
②
1.Why the book?s title is Heart of Darkness?
The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of people?s skin in there is black. Most important point about the title is to the evil in humans? heart.
2.What is the symbolism of black and white
【Black / dark- 】death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilized
Middle Ages, when science and knowledge was suppressed, as the Dark Ages.
According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light.
According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was considered to be in the “dark stage”.
【White / light】life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.
Y et, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and darkness means truth(The truth within, therefore dark and obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the Congo. The contrast also suggests a psychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind.
White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral truths. The trade in ivory is white and dirty.Kurtz the white man is totally corrupt
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5119202573.html,ment
The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies. Civilization, however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a symbol of enlightenment, was once "one of the darker places of the earth" before the Romans forced civilization upon the Britons.But civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in the background.
This savagery is seen in Kurtz. Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has de-evolved into a primitive state.
4.Character
【Kurtz】represents what every man will become if left to his own intrinsic desires without a protective,
civilized environment.
【Marlow】represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by a dark, alienating jungle.
5.Narrative Structure
In Heart of Darkness, we have an outside narrator telling us a story he has heard from Marlow. The story Marlow tells centers around Kurtz.However, most of what Marlow knows about Kurtz, he has learned from others.They have good reason for not being truthful to Marlow. Therefore Marlow has to piece together much of Kurtz?s story.
Henry James:
Daisy Miller
The portrait of a Lady
The Wings of the Dove
The ambassadors
The Golden Bowl
Katerrine Mansfield:
In a German Pension
Bliss
The Garden Party
Chapter 3 Thomas Hardy哈代1840-1928
Under the Greenwood Tree绿茵下;
Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣;
The Return of the Native还乡;
The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长;
Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;J
ude the Obscure无名的裘德
诗集：Wessex Poems 威塞克斯诗集
史诗剧：The Dynasts统治者三部曲
Chapter 4 John Galworthy高尔斯华绥1867-1933
From the Four Winds天涯海角
(The Man of Property有产业的人;
In Chancery骑虎难下;
To Let出租→The Forsyte Saga福尔塞世家);
(The White Monkey白猿;
The Silver Spoon银匙;
Swan Song天鹅曲
→A Modern Comedy现代喜剧)
剧作：The Silver Box银匣;
Strife斗争
Chapter 5 the Irish dramatic movement
1 the Abbey Theatre and Lady Gregory
2 John Millington:
北外英美文学专业初试复试备考经验及 03—06真题 准备考研的时间不长，只有三个月，总结起来两大经验吧，细节和节奏。细节是说考研要做个有心人，要勤看别人的经验，即使不是一个方向的。因为虽然准备的内容不同，但过程都是一样的（讲到底也只有专二不同）。学习别人的经验自己才能避免走别人的弯路，犯别人犯过的错误。节奏是说时间的充分利用，时间不在长短而在效率的高低，要根据自己的情况制定合适的复习计划。在这里给大家小小的鼓励一下：永远不要觉得时间不够用，也永远不要觉得这是不可能完成的的任务。当然要基于自身实力和现实的考虑，我相信大家都明白我的意思。等到真正做到了，你就是那个“传说”。 政治：六十多分没什么经验。。。。。。总的感觉是过线不拉分就好因为进入复试政治和二外就不算分了，不要给自己太大的压力，不要浪费过多的时间，节省下来精力好好看专业。 法语：学校用的是很老的橘黄色皮的《法语》，先复习一遍，把忘掉的知识捡回来。然后把历年真题研究一遍，考察的知识点就那么多，有的题基本没变隔年又考一次。从图书馆借来新大学法语1-3，从头到尾梳理知识点整理笔记。因为知道考什么，所以看得有重点。借书的好处之一就是“书非借不能读也”，借来的总要还，有压力就看得快了，而且借的书都少都有点笔记，看看也是很好的。
基英：分阅读，翻译和写作三个部分。像名字一样就是考察英语的基础，所以投机取巧是不可取的，要稳扎稳打地不间断复习。阅读--每天精读一篇1500字左右的新闻，有用的词句整理出来，有兴趣的段落翻一翻，阅读是最好的输入方式，扩大阅读量不言而喻，也对写作和翻译大有益处。翻译--练了叶子南里面几个靠谱的文章，订在一起没事看看，每翻译一篇都会看到自己逐步的进步，翻译得逐渐成熟。写作—写作看的是内容、结构和语法。虽然在考场上不可能三方面都完美，但是写的时候有这样的意识在脑子里，偏也偏不到哪里去。基础自认为还是不错的，所以每天的复习就是一个routine，保持对英语的娴熟度，主要的精力都集中在复习专业上了。 专业：文学选段匹配+小说分析，今年取消了逻辑题。虽然文学的复习范围没边没沿，文学著作浩如烟海；但是恶俗的讲一句，只要是考试，它就有它的侧重点和一定的规律。文学选段匹配--本着上一原则，我把历年真题找来统计了一下每年考得上都是谁的作品，集中在哪几部作品上。统计过后发现大概十人左右而且都是大家Mark Twain, Charles Dicke ns, Wordsworth…然后就拜读他们的大作就好了。小说的话要先看看写作风格，像总考的adventures of huckleberry finn，如果没读过现读是来不及的，但只要了解马克吐温的写作风格，就会在看到南方方言的第一时间想到他老人家。诗歌
英国文学简史完全版 A Concise History of British Literature Chapter 1 English Literature of Anglo-Saxon Period I. Introduction 1. The historical background （1）Before the Germanic invasion （2）During the Germanic invasion a. immigration; b. Christianity; c. heptarchy. d. social classes structure: hide-hundred; eoldermen （lord）– thane - middle class （freemen）- lower class （slave or bondmen: theow）; e. social organization: clan or tribes. f. military Organization; g. Church function: spirit, civil service, education; h. economy: coins, trade, slavery; i. feasts and festival: Halloween, Easter; j. legal system. 2. The Overview of the culture （1）The mixture of pagan and Christian spirit. （2）Literature: a. Poetry: two types; b. prose: two figures. II. Beowulf.
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
Part 7 prose-writers and poets of the mid and late 19th century Chapter 1 Thomas Carlyle He was elected Lord Rector of Edinburgh University He is a literary critic Sartor Resartus The French Revolution Heroes and Hero-Worship Past and Present Chapter 2 Ruskin and some other prose-writers 1 John Ruskin He is a critic. Art criticism and social criticism He is a social thinker and a master of English. His prescription for the contemporary social problems was faulty, but he sincerely sympathized with the people and exposed with holy wrath the evils Modern Painters 2 Matthew Arnold 3 Macaulay Chapter 3 Alfred Tennyson1809~1892 （维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人） Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人） ① < In Memoriam>悼念 To memorialize his friend ② < Break, Break, Break>冲击、冲击、冲击 ③ < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗 Chapter 4 Robert Browning罗伯特?白朗宁1812~1889 A follower of Shelley ①< My Last Dutchess>我已故的公爵夫人 ②< Home Thoughts From Abroad>海外乡思 ③Pippa Passes Elizabeth Barrett Browing: ①
山东师范大学英美文学考研资料外国语学院 文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-
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复式科目英语语言文学 《英美概况(导读)》来安方编写大象出版社
这本书在网上似乎很难找到但是是考试必备的! 很多山师往年的试题都能在书中找到原题的答案! 但是遗憾的是都是中文的,考试的时候需要你自己把这些答案翻译成英文 也许是导师们想考考我们的理解水平和汉译英翻译能力吧 我当时备考的时候在书中把往年考过的题都做了标记而且把每一个自己认为可能考到的条目都翻译成了英语做成笔记，等快考试的时候就看自己的笔记就比较省力了下面是在书中出现的三道往年考题了 Yours is not why but how. 记得是07年的一个问答题考对这句话的理解 15分呢! (那本黄皮的指定参考书里是没有答案的,自己看那本黄皮概况的话,是绝对想象不到这也是考点的!) the tertiary industry ,the service industry 第三产业 ,某年的专有名词翻译题 1分 British Disease 英国病某年的简答题 5分 《英美概况》来安方等编写大象出版社是旧版的小本的厚厚的大象出版社来安方等编写的我记得我的这本是2004年印刷的，有自由女神像黄皮的《外国文学史》朱维之等编写我用的是第三版的当然你用最新版的也行里面的内容区别不大的 特别注意每一章前面的那段类似导读的话很重要大题目往往从里面出大家可以自己对对看历年的题目，这本书没有辅导书要看个人的功力了其实看这本书也没什么窍门一个字“勤”,勤动笔、勤动脑 ,要善于总结 ,思考 《现代汉语》下册就看下册就可以了我用的是最新版的你要用旧版的也可以没什么区别，课后习题多做做这本书考的还是比较简单的 《现代汉语教学说明和自学参考》
第2章盎格鲁-诺曼底时期 2.1复习笔记 I.Background Knowledge(1066-1350)(背景知识) 1.The Norman Conquest(诺曼征服) A.Brief Introduction(简介) The French-speaking Normans began their conquest of Anglo-Saxon England under William, Duke of Normandy,with the battle of Hastings in1066. 说法语的诺曼底人在威廉公爵的带领下，在1066年的黑斯廷斯战役中打败了英国人，开始了对英国的统治。 B.Chief Influences(主要影响) (1)The bringing of Roman civilization to England; (2)The growth of nationality,i.e.a strong centralized government,instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes; (3)The birth of new English language and literature due to the integration with French vocabulary. （1）将罗曼文化带到英格兰； （2）促进了国家的发展，强大的中央集权政府代替了散乱的撒克逊部落联盟；（3）和法国语言的融合产生了新的英语语言和文学。 II.Features of the New Literature(新文学特征) (1)The new literature is a combination of French and Anglo-Saxon elements. (2)There are three classes of new literature: ①Matter of France(tales about Charlemagne and his peers); ②Matter of Greece and Rome(tales about Alexander and the fall of Troy); ③Matter of Britain(tales about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table).
英国文学 Part1.Old and medieval Beowulf贝尔武甫(the national epic of the English people)stricking feature:alliteration, metaphors and understatements. William Langland 威廉。兰格伦 Piers the Plowman耕者皮尔斯 Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利·乔叟1340-1400长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德 小说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作（他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人） his contribution to English poetry:introduced from france the rhymed couplet of5accents in iambic meter(the heroic couplet),is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. Who making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech. Part2.The English renaissance Thomas More托马 斯。莫尔 Utopia乌托帮 Philip Sidney菲力 普。锡德尼 Astrophel and Stella Apology for Poetry诗辩 Edmond Spenser埃 德蒙。斯宾塞 The Faerie Queene仙后The Shepherds’s Calender牧羊人日历 Francis Bacon培根1561-1626Advancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum新工具;New Atlantic新大西岛;Essays论文集（Of Studies论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self） The founder of English materialist philosophy Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托夫。马洛Tamburlaine铁木耳大帝Dr.Faustus浮士德的悲剧The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人The Passionate Shepherd多情的牧羊人致情人 William Shakespeare 莎士比亚1564-1616The Tempest暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors错中错;Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰;Love’s Labour’s Lost空爱一场;A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记;All’s Well That Ends Well皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedy of Coriolanus考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Julet罗密欧与朱丽叶；Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯·凯撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear李尔王;Othello 奥塞罗;Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline辛白林;Pericles波里克利斯;Venus and Adonis维诺斯·阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets十四行诗 The Great Comedies:A Midsummer Night Night’’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;;Twelfth Night第十二夜; The Great Tragedies:The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;Othell Othello o 奥塞罗King Lear李尔王;The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白; The Later Comedies(romances):Pericles波里克利斯;Cymbeline辛白林; The Winter Winter’’s Tale冬天的故事;The Tempest暴风风雨; P art3.The English Bourgeois revolution period John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608-1674L‘Allegro欢乐的人;Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;Areopagitica 论出版自由;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense为英国人民声辩;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense Secunda再为英国人民声辩;Paradise Lost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes力士参孙 John Bunyan班扬1628-1688The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程; The Life and Death of Mr Badman培德曼先生的一生 John Donne约翰。多恩Songs and Sonnets Devotions upon emergent Occasions (The founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry) John Dryden All for Love Antony and Cleopatra An Essay of Dramatic Poesy Part4.The eighteenth Century Joseph Addison艾迪生诗：The Campaign远征；剧本：Cato加图名文；Adventure of A shilling一先令的历险 Richard Steele理查德·斯梯尔1672-1729The Christian Hero基督教徒的英雄 名文：The Spectator Club旁观者俱乐部 Alexander Pope蒲柏1688-1744Pastorals田园诗集;An Essay on Criticism批评论;Windsor Forest温莎林;The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记;The Duncial愚人志;Moral Essays道德论;An Essay on Man人论;Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot与阿布斯诺博士书 Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745The Battle of Books书的战争;A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事;The Drapier’s Letters布商的书信;A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议;Guilliver’s Travels格列佛游记(A Voyage to Lilliput/Brobdingnag/Laputa,Balnibarbi,Luggnagg,Glubbdubdriba and Japan/The Country of 1
Index The Sixteenth Century
The works of William Shakespeare are a great landmark in the history of world literature for he was one of the first founders of realism, a master hand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations. Works First period: Romeo and Juliet Second Period: 1. Hamlet, Prince of Demark 2. Othello, the Moor of Venice 3. King Lear 4. The Tragedy of Macbeth The Seventeenth Century Puritan Age Burrton?s Anatomy of Melancholy. The spiritual gloom sooner or later fastens upon all the writers of this age. This so called gloomy age produced some minor poems of exquisites workmanship, and one of great master of verse whose work would glorify any age or people---John Milton, in whom the indomitable Puritan spirit finds its noblest expression. Restoration Age As a critic, poet and playwright was the most distinguished literary figure of the restoration age. The most popular genre was that of comedy whose chief aim as to entertain the licentious aristocrats. John Donne 1. Poetry Form
刘炳善《英国文学简史》（第3版）模拟试题及详解（二） I.Fill in the blanks 1.Two English poets,_____and_____published a book of poems Lyrical Ballads.【答案】William Wordsworth;Samuel Taylor Coleridge 【解析】1798年，华兹华斯和柯勒律治联合出版了《抒情歌谣集》，标志着英国浪漫主义的诞生。 2.Samson Agonistes was written by_____. 【答案】John Milton 【解析】《力士参孙》是英国作家John Milton的一部悲剧。 3.Of the four novels that Charlotte Bront?wrote,_____has achieved lasting fame.【答案】Jane Eyre 【解析】在夏洛特·勃朗特所写的四部小说中，《简·爱》获得了持久的名声。 4.Through the military life experience of Guy,and disillusionment of his dream of elimination of the evils through just wars,Evelyn Waugh explores in his work, _____,the nature of war. 【答案】Unconditional Surrender 【解析】伊夫林·沃在小说《无条件投降》（Unconditional Surrender）写到，盖伊希望通过战争消除罪恶的梦想最终破灭，从而以此来探索自己对战争本质的认识。
英国文学史及选读教学内容 Introduction Unit 1 The Anglo-Saxon Period （2学时） 1. Background 2. Epic & Beowulf Unit 2 The Anglo-Norman Period（2学时） 1. Background 2. Romance & Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Unit 3 Geoffrey Chaucer（2学时） 1. The Canterbury Tales 2. Popular Ballads Unit 4 The Renaissance（8学时）（重点） 1. Background 2. William Shakespeare: Hamlet: “To be or not to be” soliloquy（重点） Sonnet & Sonnet 18 Unit 5 The Period of Revolution and Restoration （4学时） 1. Background 2. John Milton: Paradise Lost 3. John Donne: Song Unit 6 The Age of Enlightenment（3学时） 1. Background 2. Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe 3. Robert Burns: A Red, Red Rose （重点） Unit 7 The Romantic Period（6学时）
1. Background 2. William Wordsworth: I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud （重点） 3. Byron: She Walks in Beauty 4. Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice（重点） Unit 8 The Victoria Period（4学时） 1. Background 2. Charles Dickens 3. Bronte Sisters: Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights Unit 9 Twentieth Century Literature（5学时） 1. Background 2. Thomas Hardy: Tess of D’Urberville s（重点） 3. D. H. Lawrence: Sons and Lovers 参考书目 1．《英国文学史（1-4册）》，陈嘉著，商务印书馆，1999年。2．《英国文学新编》，郭群英著，外语教学与研究出版社，2001年。 3．《英国文学通史》，侯维瑞著，上海外语教育出版社，1999年。4．《英国文学简史》，刘炳善著，河南人民出版社，1993年。5．《英国文学漫话》，刘炳善著，河南大学出版社，1999年。6．《英国文学选读》，王守仁著，高等教育出版社，2001年。7．Drabble, Margaret. The Oxford Companion to English
Part One：English Poetry 1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18 ?Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer?s day? And who could `thee` be? Because summer?s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love. ?What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain why? Warm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May. ?How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? Thee is more beautiful than summer. ?What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more fair than summer and immortal? Because humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal. ?What figures of speech are used in this poem? Simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on . ?What is the theme of the poem? Love conquers all, Beauty lives on. 2. Thomas Nashe Spring ?Read the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearing words, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images. There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!” The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people?s relationship. ?Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poem? In the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [ i : ]. 3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ?What is a “valediction” any way? Is the speaker in the poem about to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning? No, it is about the lover s?separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife?s love is sacred, he didn?t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.
基础英语考研（英美文学简史）考研复习考点归纳 一、《英国文学简史》考点笔记 1.1 复习笔记 早期英国文学 Early English Literature Ⅰ.Background Knowledge—The Making of England（背景知识——英国的形成） 1．The Roman Conquest (55B.C.-410A.D.) 罗马征服（公元前55年—公元410年） A. Brief Introduction（简介） Before the Roman Conquest, the early inhabitants in the island we call England were Britons, a tribe of Celts. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar, the Roman conqueror. Britain was not completely subjugated to the Roman Empire until 78 A.D. But at the beginning of the fifth century, the Roman Empire was in the process of declining. In 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 罗马征服之前，在英格兰岛上居住的早期居民被称为不列颠人（Britons），不列颠人是凯尔特（Celt）部落的一支。
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages