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⾮谓语动词之动词不定式（todo）的⽤法⾮谓语动词之动词不定式（to do）的⽤法⾮谓语动词是指在句⼦中不是谓语的动词，主要形式有：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
1.“to do”动词不定式的变形2.动词不定式的⽤法（1）充当主语（⼀般会⽤it 当形式主语）To swim here is dangerous. =It is dangerous to swim here.To pass this English exam is unlikely. =（2）充当表语（多数情况下，可以转换成动词不定式做主语）My job is to help with your English learning.To help with your English learning is my job.（3）充当宾语（只能做某些动词的宾语，⼀般不做介词的宾语；有时⽤“it”做形式宾语）I decided to attend this meeting last night.I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.注意：当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时，只能跟不定式作宾语。
decide, determine, learn, wish, hopeagree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, failprepare, try, manage, help, promiseoffer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed（4）充当宾语补⾜语I persuaded him to make a speech in public.注意：在感官动词／使役动词／help后（see, hear, watch, notice, make,have, let后不定式做宾补时，可省略“to”）I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. （我看到了他们争论的整个过程）但，感官动词后⾯也可接Ving形式，表⽰正在进⾏。
非谓语动词——不定式非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。
注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。
II.基本知识一、不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。
有时可以不带to。
动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用，可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，但是有时态和语态的变化。
常见的形式如表所示（以及物动词do为例），不及物动词没有被动语态。
1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).eg: He seemed to be tired.The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。
e.g. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).e.g. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式.eg. We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.二、不定式的用法：1. 动词不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
高考专题-词法-非谓语动词之动词不定式知识集结知识元动词不定式知识讲解动词不定式一、概念：定义：动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为"to+动词原形"，其中to是其符号，它没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to do to be done不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生三、动词不定式的句法功能1.作主语不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。
如：It is good to help others.2.作宾语1）不定式作宾语时通常用于want, hope, wish, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, claim, fail, promise, plan, offer, prefer, attempt 等词后。
2） find, make, think, consider, feel 等动词不能直接接不定式作宾语，需用it 代替不定式作形式宾语。
如：This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop very quickly.3）“动词+ 疑问词+ 不定式”结构中的疑问词通常有what, when, where, which, how, whether 等，但不能用why。
3.作定语1）不定式作定语多表示未来动作，而动词-ing 形式作定语多表示正在进行的动作。
不定式的被动式、动词-ing 形式和过去分词都可以表示被动动作，但动作发生的时间不同。
Example:下周要召开的会议非常重要。
The meeting to be held next week is of great importance.现在正在召开的会议非常重要。
(完整)非谓语动词之不定式用法详解定义动词不定式与动名词,分词一样是动词的一种非谓语形式,它与动词原形同行,但它前面一般带有一个不定式的符号“to”，我们为了把它与介词的to 区别开来,也叫它小品词，它只是一个符号，没有词性,但动词不定式有时也不带to 。
形式1. 不定式作名词的用法不定式在句子中的作用有时和名词相同,在句子中可以当主语，表语,宾语. it 作形式主语而将真正的主语（不定式短语)放在谓语之后。
例如：例2可变为It is important to obey the laws.例3可变为It is impossible to finish so much homework in a day. 常见的带形式主语it 的句型有：句型一：＊It is easy (difficult ， hard, important ， right ， wrong, possible, impossible, necessary ， unnecessary, foolish ， wise, kind ， cruel ， nice…) to do …句型二：It is a pleasure (pity ， pleasant thing, crime, an honor… ) to do sth. 句型三:It takes （sb 。
） some time to do sth 。
花了某人一些时间去做某事 在句型一中我们常用for sb.或of sb 。
来做不定式的逻辑主语.但是什么情况下用for 或of ，主要从以下两个方面来区别： 1两者所使用的形容词不同a.for sb 。
的句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词。
如easy, difficult, hard ， important, possible, impossible ， necessary ， unnecessary, interesting 等。
·It is important for us to express our opinions 。
非谓语动词中的动词不定式非谓语动词中的动词不定式非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的特点，还可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。
以下是我细心整理的非谓语动词中的动词不定式，欢送大家共享。
动词不定式的形式为(to)+do/be done，其中to有时要省略。
通常所说的“动词原形”其实质就是不带to的不定式形式。
不定式具知名词、形容词和副词的性质。
它的否认形式为not+(to)do/be done。
一、不定式的时态性不定式从时态角度讲，具体形式分为一般式、进展式和完成式，是以不定式动作与谓语动词发生的时间的比较确定的。
具体状况如下：1、一般式不定式的一般式所表示的不定式动词与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。
【例句】Tom plans to take part in the postgraduate entrance exams.汤姆打算要考研。
2、进展式不定式的进展式表示与谓语动词动作同时发生。
【例句】Tom pretended to be fully sleeping.汤姆装作睡得很沉。
3、完成式不定式的完成式表示发生于谓语动词动作之前。
【例句】Tom is pleased to have met his friend who has not kept intouch for many years.汤姆很兴奋能遇上他多年未联系的伴侣。
二、不定式的句子成分属性不定式如其他非谓语动词一样可以充当多种句子成分，包括主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语以及状语。
1、作主语【例句】To accomplish the budget in a month is impossible.在一个月内完成预算是不行能的。
2、作表语【例句】My wife’s task is to take charge of loveliness.我老婆的'任务是负责”得意”。
3、作宾语1〕假设谓语动词为find,want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agr ee,promise,prefer时，不定式〔宾语〕后面存在宾语补足语成分，要用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语〔不定式〕后置于句尾，放在宾语补足语后面。
动词的非谓语形式动词的非谓语形式是指不能单独作谓语,但仍保留某些谓语特征的动词形式。
非谓语形式有三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
非谓语形式没有人称和数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
非谓语形式在句中的作用及各自的时态和语态见下表:非谓语形式的时态和语态知识组1 动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成(在某些情况下可以省略to),起名词、形容词和副词的作用,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语。
其否定形式为“not+to+动词原形”。
一、动词不定式的形式不定式有时态和语态的变化。
本学期结束前,我有大量的阅读任务要完成。
Bob pretended not to have heard me.鲍勃假装没有听见我说话。
They seemed to be talking about something important.他们似乎在谈论重要的事情。
He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years.据说他已在那家工厂工作12年了。
不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的主动关系时,不定式往往用主动形式;而不定式修饰的逻辑主语是其所表示的动作的承受者时,一般用不定式的被动式。
例如:I persuaded my brother to change his mind.我说服我弟弟改变了主意。
His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.他下个月将要出版的第一本书是根据一个真实故事写的。
二、动词不定式的语法功能Point 1 作主语不定式作主语相当于名词。
但多数情况下用形式主语it 代替不定式作主语,而把不定式放在句尾，以使句子保持平衡。
例如:To save time is to lengthen life.节约时间就等于延长生命。
不定式作非谓语动词一、不定式的定义及构成：不定式是一种非限定性动词，即在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词。
肯定形式：to + 动词原形否定形式：not to + 动词原形被动形式：to be + done（动词过去分词）期中to为不定式符号，本身无意义。
二、不定式的时态和语态不定式虽没有人称和数的变化，但所表达的动作仍具有时间先后顺序，主动、被动形式。
具体形式如下表1) 不定式的一般式动词不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同事发生或在其后发生。
We try to finish the task on time. 我们试图及时完成任务。
I hope to see you next week. 我希望下周能见到你。
2）动词不定式的进行式动词不定式的进行式所表示的动作一般与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生He seems to be following us. 他好像正在跟着我们。
3）不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前I’m so sorry to have given you so much trouble.很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。
4）动词不定式的被动形式○1动词不定式的一般式被动语态通常表示将来的动作。
The flowers need to be watered. 这些花需要浇水了。
○2不定式的完成式被动语态表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
The room seems to have been tidied up already. 这个房子似乎已经整理过了。
三、不定式的用法1）作主语动词不定式作主语，相当于名词或代词的作用To learn an art well is very hard. 学好一门艺术很难。
★动词不定式作主语往往用形式主语it代替，然后不定式置于句尾。
上面的句子可改写为It is very hard to learn an art well.2) 作宾语动词不定式一般作动词或介词的宾语I really want to watch the football match.He has no idea of how to answer this question.3) 作宾语补足语○1后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, beg, like, love, would like, order, teach, want, allow, encourage, wish等。
九年级总复习综合测试题笔试部分（85分）I．选择题（20分）i.词汇释义（共5小题，每小题1分）（）1. I haven’t seen him for ages.A.a long timeB. a short timeC. sometimesD. some time( ) 2. My granny has lived in Beijing for over forty years.A. more thanB. less thanC. too muchD. much too( ) 3. I’ve looked for my key everywhere.A. everythingB. nowhereC. here and thereD. every room( ) 4. Tell me how the accident came about immediately.A. broke downB. happenedC. came outD. took the place of( ) 5. If your mom says sweet food is very harmful to your teeth, she means that it ___________your teeth.A..is in place ofB. does great harm toC. is good atD. is in danger ofii.选择填空（共15小题，每小题1分）从下面每小题的A，B，C，D四格选项中选出最佳选项。
( ) 6.---Did you get to the cinema on time last night?---No. The film_______been on for twenty minutes ________we gotthere.A. has; whenB. had; afterC. had; whenD. has; before ( )7.----How long has he worked in this school?----He ________worked in this school_______he graduated in 2000.A. has; beforeB. has; sinceC. had; afterD. has; before( )8.---I met your friend Lucy in Hong Kong last month.---Really? But she said that she _________never ________ to HK.A. has; goneB. had; goneC. has; beenD. had; been. ( ) 9. ---How old is that little boy ?---He is only 5years old. He is _________young ______go to school.A. too; toB. so; toC. such; toD. so; that( )10. ---Why does the old woman feel __________?---Because she lives __________. She doesn’t have any children.A. alone; aloneB. lonely; aloneC. alone; lonelyD. lonely; lonely ( )11. ---How much is your new computer?---I ______4800 yuan ________it.A. cost; onB. paid; forC. spent; inD. took; for( )12. ---What did your father say just now, Bob?---He said _____he _____bought a present for you.A. that; hadB. / ; hasC. that; has D it ; /( )13. ---I am afraid that it is difficult _______the football match.---I don’t think so , _____ we have so many good football players.A. to win; ifB. winning; becauseC. to win; becauseD. win; as ( )14. –What does your English teacher ask you to do ?---She asks us _________English ______at least an hour every day.A. read; toB. to read; forC. reading; onD. to read; in( )15. ---What was the weather like yesterday?---The temperature was below zero. It was ______cold_____few ofus went out.A. too; toB. so ; toC. so ; thatD. such ; that( )16. ---Do I need ______get there before eight?----No, you ______get there so early.A.to ; don’t need toB. / ; needn’t toC. to ; don’t needD. / ; need( )17.---Why do you prefer vegetables _______meat?---Because they are better _________my health.A. to ; ofB. to ; forC. of ; forD. for ; of( )18. ---Would you like to go shopping with me, Mary?---I _______love to . But I _______do my homework first.A. should; have toB. would; have toC. had; couldD. would; can( )19.---Do you know if ______ a bookshop near here?---Sorry, I am new here. Why _______you ask the policeman overthere?A. is there; don'tB. is there; noC. there is ; notD. there is; don’t( )20.---Sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.---________.A. OK, I willB. Enjoy yourselfC. Good luckD. Not at all.II.完型填空（10分）Kevin Durant is 24 years old. He likes soccer, but he prefers 21 basketball. Many fans 22 him as the next NBA story.As a child, Kevin was a famous 23 player. He always found he could have a 24 on the court. ―I am going to be a good player,‖little Kevin thought. Y es, he was right. He 25 many national championships(锦标赛)with his youth basketball team. After he 26 high school, Kevin became stronger and played even 27 . He took his team to keep winning many medals. Soon, he 28 a high school basketball star.In 2007, Kevin wanted to leave school after his first year in college to play in the NBA. And later he became a team member of the Seattle Supersonics. Kevin is a(n) 29 hand in the NBA. But people began to see him as a 30 NBA star.( )21. A. buying B. doing C. playing D. making( )22.A. look B. decide C. find D. regard( )23.A. basketball B. soccer C. baseball D. volleyball( )24.A. chance B. surprise C. ticket D. cold.( )25.A. lost B. failed C. won D. invented( )26.A. entered B. left C. chose D. allowed( )27.A. badly B. worse C. well D. better( )28.A. liked B. became C. saw D. seemed( )29.A. old B. new C. short D. long( )30.A. free B. future C. last D. closeIII.阅读理解（共25小题，每小题1分）AMicky is a nice and happy boy. No one knows how he always keeps himself happy.He doesn’t mind whatever people say to him.One afternoon, Mickey invited his favorite teacher, Mr Green, to his home to have tea. When they had finished, Mickey showed Mr Green around the house. When Mickey opened his bedroom door, the teacher froze, and a big smile spread across his face. The huge far wall was a special collage(拼图) of thousands ofcolors and shapes! It was the loveliest decoration Mr Green had ever seen. ―Some people at school think I’m always happy,‖ Mickey said, ―but that’s not true at all. I’m just like anyone else. I have unhappy things. But, with my parents’help, I started a small collage. I could use any kind of thing and color for it. That helps take away my unhappy feelings.‖From that day on, Mr Green started his own collage. He asked his students to start the ―Art Town‖.( )31.When did Mickey invite his teacher to his home?A. One morningB. One noon.C. One afternoonD. One evening( )32. Mickey invited his teacher to _________.A. have dinnerB. play gamesC. watch TVD. have tea( )33.What was Mickey’s collage like ?A.An ungly pictureB.A beautiful pictureC.A wide mouthD.A big face.( )34.How does Mickey keep himself happy?A.By crying himself.B.By making a lovely collageC.By talking with his parentsD.By calling his friends.( )35. From this passage we can know that __________.A.Mickey never feels sadB.Mickey is a friendly boyC.Mr.Green didn’t agree with MickeyD.Mickey lives in Art Town.B.( )36.Gina is a good teacher and she wants to find a job. Who may offer hera job?A. TinaB. John.C. Jane.D. Mr Cai( )37. Y ou can be in the Japanese Club for _______to learn Japanese everyweekday.A. 2.5hoursB. 3.5hoursC. 4 hoursD. 5 hours( )38. If you are a music lover, and you want to be a singer, how can you contact them?A.Go to Room 212 in School’s PE Building.B.Call JaneC.Send an e-mail to music @D.Call 368-5778( )39. Who can teach you to play ping-pong?A. Tina.B. JohnC. JaneD. Mr Cai.( )40. Now V era can speak Japanese well and she teaches children Japanese .She works from Monday to Friday . Can you guess where she works?A.In the Ping-pong Club.B.In the Star Rock BandC.In the Teacher ClubD.In the Japanese ClubCPieter Bruegel lived in Europe five hundred years ago. He is well-known for a painting called Children’s Games. People like this painting because it is full of fun. It shows how children in his time enjoyed themselves in different ways. In all, there are about eighty games being played in the painting.Children’s Games shows a busy street scene in a town long ago. The street is wide and open. There are no cars, just horses and buggies(四轮马车)，so there is much room to play. There are about two hundred children in the painting.Some play in groups and others play alone. Some of the games are still played today.To play the games in the painting , children needn’t spend money on extramaterials. Instead, they use simple everyday things like hats and sticks. A game might call for a rope or even a barrel(桶).Some games are played without any toys at all.Even though Pieter Bruegel lived a long time ago, children today can learn an important lesson from what he painted. The painting shows us from what he painted.The painting shows us how little we need in order to enjoy ourselves. All children really need is imagination.( )41. The writer introduced the ____________ in Paragraph1.A.toys that children once playedB.person who painted Children’s GamesC.jobs that people had in the townD.river that once ran through the town( )42.How many games being played are there in the painting?A. About 80B. About 200C. About 160D. About 100( )43.Which is NOT true according to the passage?A.Cars are running in the street in the painting.B.Some of the games in the painting are still played today.C.Pieter Bruegel lived in Europe five hundred years ago.D.In the painting , not all the children play together.( )44.What does Pieter’s painting show about children five hundred years ago?A.They liked to play with pets in their games.B.They played with barrels in most of their games.C.They spent too much of their time playing gamesD.They just used simple materials to play games( )45.What can we learn from the passage?A.Children should play games with their parentsB.Children need great imagination to enjoy themselves.C.Children have to buy a lot of toys to enjoy theimselves.D.Children shouldn’t play games in the street.DStephen Vincent Benet was one of the most popular American writers of the first part of the nineteen- hundreds. He was born in 1898 in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.His parents loved to read. So did his brother and sister, who were much older than him. Their house was filled with books. Stephen’s childhood was happy. He often played tennis and fottball, and loved to take long walks. His family members were his team players and close friends.By the time Stephen was fifteen, he was writing almost every day. The summer before he entered Y ale University, at the age of seventeen, he published his first book of poems. Stephen worked hard at the university. He became an editor of the Y ale Literary magazine. It was popular with students and writers at other schools, too.During that time, Stephen learned to write very quickly. Often , he would write while attending classes or sitting in noisy coffee houses. Stephen produced a great deal of writing, and before he finished his four years of study at Y ale, many people had read his poems and stories. Y ears later, the university helped him win an award of money to travel and write . Stephen decided to go to Paris. Stephen fell in love with the city, and with an American woman he met there. The woman was Rosemary Carr.( )46.There were _________people in Stephen’s famlily, who are mentioned in the passage.A. fourB. fiveC. threeD. six( )47. How old was Benet when he graduated from the university?A. 17 years oldB. 19 years oldC. 21 years oldD. 22 years old( )48.We can know from the passage that _____A.Benet didn’t work hard in the university.B.Benet and Rosemary met each other in Paris.C.Benet was the oldest child in his family.D.Benet’s family didn’t like sports at all.( )49. What does the underlined word ―it‖ refer to?A.Y ale Univesity.B.Benet’s first book.C.One of Benet’s poems.D.The Y ale literary magazine.50.We may read the passage in the column of _______in a newspaper.A. sportsB. fashionC. travelingD. peopleE.Are you worrying about your weight? Have you heard that an overweight child can lose weight by keeping a dog?Y oung children who play with family dogs have been found to be less likely to be overweight than those who do not have dogs.The Australian researchers, from Melbourne’s Deakin University in Australia, surveyed 1,100children aged between 5 and 12.They discovered that those who kept dogs at home were in the best shape, even if they did not walk their dogs often. According to the survey, 20% of those who had a dog were overweight, but the percentage rose to 25% among children who didn’t live with a dog. In the group of 10 to 12, 27% of those who had a dog were overweight, and 30% of those who didn’t have a pet were overweight.―Even playing incidentally(偶然地)with a dog helps a child lose weight,‖said Professor Salmon, one of the researchers. ―We all know that doing exercise is the key to keeping a healthy weight,but the result is likely to be the same if childrenown pet dogs,‖she said. ―For parents who are worrying about their fat kids, helping them keep pet dogs might be a really good choice. The younger the child is , the greater benefit he or she will get.‖( )51. This passage is probably taken from the book____________.A.Business and MoneyB.Science and NatureC.Health and LifeD.Sport and Entertainment( )52. The survey was made by ___________researchers.A. ChineseB. AmericanC. FenchD. Australian( )53. We can learn from the passage that _________.A.taking exercise is not the only way to help keep a child in a good shapeB.20% of the children in the group were overweightC.Scientists suggest children keep pets when they are older.D.Children who keep pets will be never fat.( )54.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Y oung children are more likely to be overweight.B.If children don’t often walk their dogs, they can’t lose weight.C.2000,000children in Australia who have a pet are overweight.D.Having a pet might be a good way to lose weight.( )55. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?A.Pets---children’s best friends.B.How to keep pets.C.Pets and fat children.D.Why some children are fat.ii. 选择下列词汇完成下面对话。
